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• Ldap ssh authentication is super slow... any way to speed it up?

  - by Johnathon

  I am running OpenSUSE. Here is the output of ssh -vvv: OpenSSH_5.8p1, OpenSSL 1.0.0c 2 Dec 2010 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to <ipaddress> [ipaddress] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/root/.ssh/id_rsa" as a RSA1 public key debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "ipaddress" from file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 138/256 debug2: bits set: 529/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA cb:7f:ff:2e:65:28:f0:95:e6:8a:71:24:2a:67:02:2b debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "<ipaddress>" from file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '<ipaddress>' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug2: bits set: 504/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (0xb789d5c8) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,keyboard-interactive debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply It hangs here for a good 30 seconds to a minute then debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive debug3: remaining preferred: password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 I added PubkeyAuthentication no to the /etc/ssh/ssh_config and the /etc/ssh/sshd_config which makes it faster getting to the password prompt, but the password prompt still takes some time. Any way to fix that? Here is where the password hangs debug3: packet_send2: adding 32 (len 25 padlen 7 extra_pad 64) debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 0 debug3: packet_send2: adding 48 (len 10 padlen 6 extra_pad 64) debug1: Authentication succeeded (keyboard-interactive). Authenticated to ipaddress ([ipaddress]:22). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. FIXED!!!!!!!!!!!!!! What is did... In the nsswitch_conf I had ldap included in the group and passwd which slows it down a lot. Thank you everybody for your input passwd: compat group: files hosts: files dns networks: files dns

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• installed openstack using devstack install shell script but getting 500 error when i try opening dashboard

  - by Arvind

  I followed the instructions at http://devstack.org/guides/single-machine.html to install OpenStack. I first installed Ubuntu on my Windows 7 PC using the officially supported Windows installer for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. And after that I followed the instructions at above page to install OpenStack. As per instructions, I should be able to access the dashboard aka Horizon, at http://192.168.1.4/ (thats the IP of the PC on which I installed Ubuntu-OpenStack). However I am getting a 500 error web page when I open that. How do I resolve this error? I want to set up a dev environment for OpenStack. For your ref, the whole error message is given now-- FilterError at / /usr/bin/env: node: No such file or directory Request Method: GET Request URL: http://192.168.1.4/ Django Version: 1.4.2 Exception Type: FilterError Exception Value: /usr/bin/env: node: No such file or directory Exception Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/filters/base.py in input, line 133 Python Executable: /usr/bin/python Python Version: 2.7.3 Python Path: ['/opt/stack/horizon/openstack_dashboard/wsgi/../..', '/opt/stack/python-keystoneclient', '/opt/stack/python-novaclient', '/opt/stack/python-openstackclient', '/opt/stack/keystone', '/opt/stack/glance', '/opt/stack/python-glanceclient/setuptools_git-0.4.2-py2.7.egg', '/opt/stack/python-glanceclient', '/opt/stack/nova', '/opt/stack/horizon', '/opt/stack/cinder', '/opt/stack/python-cinderclient', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol', '/opt/stack/horizon/openstack_dashboard'] Server time: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 08:43:29 +0000 Error during template rendering In template /opt/stack/horizon/openstack_dashboard/templates/_stylesheets.html, error at line 3 /usr/bin/env: node: No such file or directory 1 {% load compress %} 2 3 {% compress css %} 4 <link href='{{ STATIC_URL }}dashboard/less/horizon.less' type='text/less' media='screen' rel='stylesheet' /> 5 {% endcompress %} 6 7 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ STATIC_URL }}dashboard/img/favicon.ico"/> 8 Also, the traceback is now given below-- Environment: Request Method: GET Request URL: http://192.168.1.4/ Django Version: 1.4.2 Python Version: 2.7.3 Installed Applications: ('openstack_dashboard', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'django.contrib.humanize', 'compressor', 'horizon', 'openstack_dashboard.dashboards.project', 'openstack_dashboard.dashboards.admin', 'openstack_dashboard.dashboards.settings', 'openstack_auth') Installed Middleware: ('django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'horizon.middleware.HorizonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.doc.XViewMiddleware', 'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware') Template error: In template /opt/stack/horizon/openstack_dashboard/templates/_stylesheets.html, error at line 3 /usr/bin/env: node: No such file or directory 1 : {% load compress %} 2 : 3 : {% compress css %} 4 : <link href='{{ STATIC_URL }}dashboard/less/horizon.less' type='text/less' media='screen' rel='stylesheet' /> 5 : {% endcompress %} 6 : 7 : <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ STATIC_URL }}dashboard/img/favicon.ico"/> 8 : Traceback: File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response 111. response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/views/decorators/vary.py" in inner_func 36. response = func(*args, **kwargs) File "/opt/stack/horizon/openstack_dashboard/wsgi/../../openstack_dashboard/views.py" in splash 38. return shortcuts.render(request, 'splash.html', {'form': form}) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/shortcuts/__init__.py" in render 44. return HttpResponse(loader.render_to_string(*args, **kwargs), File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/loader.py" in render_to_string 176. return t.render(context_instance) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/base.py" in render 140. return self._render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/base.py" in _render 134. return self.nodelist.render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/base.py" in render 823. bit = self.render_node(node, context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/debug.py" in render_node 74. return node.render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py" in render 155. return self.render_template(self.template, context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py" in render_template 137. output = template.render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/base.py" in render 140. return self._render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/base.py" in _render 134. return self.nodelist.render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/base.py" in render 823. bit = self.render_node(node, context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/template/debug.py" in render_node 74. return node.render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/templatetags/compress.py" in render 147. return self.render_compressed(context, self.kind, self.mode, forced=forced) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/templatetags/compress.py" in render_compressed 107. rendered_output = self.render_output(compressor, mode, forced=forced) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/templatetags/compress.py" in render_output 119. return compressor.output(mode, forced=forced) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/css.py" in output 51. ret.append(subnode.output(*args, **kwargs)) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/css.py" in output 53. return super(CssCompressor, self).output(*args, **kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/base.py" in output 230. content = self.filter_input(forced) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/base.py" in filter_input 192. for hunk in self.hunks(forced): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/base.py" in hunks 167. precompiled, value = self.precompile(value, **options) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/base.py" in precompile 210. command=command, filename=filename).input(**kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/compressor/filters/base.py" in input 133. raise FilterError(err) Exception Type: FilterError at / Exception Value: /usr/bin/env: node: No such file or directory

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• Unable to SSH into EC2 instance on Fedora 17

  - by abhishek

  I did following steps But I am not able to SSH to it(Same steps work fine on Fedora 14 image). I am getting Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic) I created new instance using fedora 17 amazon community image(ami-2ea50247). I copied my ssh keys under /home/usertest/.ssh/ after creating a usertest I have SELINUX=disabled here is Debug info: $ ssh -vvv ec2-54-243-101-41.compute-1.amazonaws.com ssh -vvv ec2-54-243-101-41.compute-1.amazonaws.com OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 1.0.0b-fips 16 Nov 2010 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ec2-54-243-101-41.compute-1.amazonaws.com [54.243.101.41] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/usertest/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/usertest/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /home/usertest/.ssh/id_dsa. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /home/usertest/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 131/256 debug2: bits set: 506/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/usertest/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 17 debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/usertest/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 17 debug1: Host 'ec2-54-243-101-41.compute-1.amazonaws.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/usertest/.ssh/known_hosts:17 debug2: bits set: 500/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/usertest/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/usertest/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/usertest/.ssh/id_dsa (0x7f904b5ae260) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug3: Trying to reverse map address 54.243.101.41. debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_500' not found debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_500' not found debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/usertest/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /home/usertest/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/usertest/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: no such identity: /home/usertest/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Offering public key: /home/usertest/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic).

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• SSH is not working .. Password promt is not coming

  - by Sumanth Lingappa

  I am not able to SSH into my ubuntu server since yesterday. I am not using any keyless or public key method.. Its simple SSH with username and password everytime.. However I can do a VNC session running on my ubuntu server.. But I am afraid that if the vnc session goes out, I wont be having any way to login to the server.. My ssh-vvv output is as below.. sumanth@sumanth:~$ ssh -vvv user@serverIP OpenSSH_6.6.1, OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 172.16.2.156 [172.16.2.156] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH_5* compat 0x0c000000 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "172.16.2.156" from file "/home/sumanth/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/sumanth/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: setup hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: setup hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA ea:4e:15:52:15:dd:6b:09:d4:36:cb:14:2d:c3:1b:7a debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "172.16.2.156" from file "/home/sumanth/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/sumanth/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '172.16.2.156' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/sumanth/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil)), debug2: key: /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)), debug2: key: /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)), debug2: key: /home/sumanth/.ssh/id_ed25519 ((nil)),

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• ubuntu ssh does not connect

  - by bocca

  SSH won't be able to establish a connection to our server Here's the output of ssh -vvv: ssh -v -v -v 11.11.11.11 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 11.11.11.11 [11.11.11.11] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 133/256 debug2: bits set: 486/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /root/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1 debug1: Host '11.11.11.11' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 497/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /root/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 57 padlen 7 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug3: tty_make_modes: ospeed 38400 debug3: tty_make_modes: ispeed 38400 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env ORBIT_SOCKETDIR debug3: Ignored env SSH_AGENT_PID debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_COOKIE debug3: Ignored env GTK_RC_FILES debug3: Ignored env WINDOWID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_SOCKET debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env USERNAME debug3: Ignored env SESSION_MANAGER debug3: Ignored env MAIL debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_SESSION debug3: Ignored env PWD debug3: Ignored env GDM_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_PID debug1: Sending env LANG = en_CA.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env GDM_LANG debug3: Ignored env GDMSESSION debug3: Ignored env HISTCONTROL debug3: Ignored env SPEECHD_PORT debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env XDG_DATA_DIRS debug3: Ignored env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS debug3: Ignored env LESSOPEN debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env LESSCLOSE debug3: Ignored env XAUTHORITY debug3: Ignored env COLORTERM debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0

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• Amazon EC2 pem file stopped working suddenly

  - by Jashwant

  I was connecting to Amazon EC2 through SSH and it was working well. But all of a sudden, it stopped working. I am not able to connect anymore with the same key file. What can go wrong ? Here's the debug info. ssh -vvv -i ~/Downloads/mykey.pem [email protected] OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4, OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com [54.229.60.78] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem type -1 debug1: identity file /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1.1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1.1 pat OpenSSH_5* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com" from file "/home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA d8:05:8e:fe:37:2d:1e:2c:f1:27:c2:e7:90:7f:45:48 debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com" from file "/home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "54.229.60.78" from file "/home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host 'ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: jashwant@jashwant-linux (0x7f827cbe4f00) debug2: key: /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: jashwant@jashwant-linux debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA 9b:7d:9f:2e:7a:ef:51:a2:4e:fb:0c:c0:e8:d4:66:12 debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). I've already googled everything and checked : Public DNS is same (It hasnt changed), Username is ubuntu as it's a Ubuntu AMI ( Used the same earlier), Permission is 400 on mykey.pem file ssh port is enabled via security groups ( Used the same ealier )

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• Can't log in via SSH to any accounts set to use /bin/bash as a default shell

  - by Gui Ambros

  I'm trying to install bash as the default shell on a ARM Linux running on an embedded device (Synology DS212+ NAS). But there's something really wrong, and I can't figure out what it is. Symptoms: 1) Root has /bin/bash as default shell, and can log in normally via SSH: $ grep root /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash $ ssh root@NAS root@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:06:56 2012 from desktop # 2) joeuser has /bin/bash as default shell, and receives "Permission denied" when trying to log in via SSH: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/bash $ ssh joeuser@localhost joeuser@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:07:22 2012 from desktop Permission denied, please try again. Connection to localhost closed. 3) changing joeuser's shell back to /bin/sh: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/sh $ ssh joeuser@localhost Last login: Sun Dec 16 15:50:52 2012 from localhost $ To make things even more strange, I can log in as joeuser using /bin/bash using the serial console (!). Also a su - joeuser as root works fine, so the bash binary itself is working fine. In an act of despair, I changed joeuser's uid to 0 on /etc/passwd, but also didn't work, so it doesn't seem to be anything permission related. Seems that bash is doing some extra checking that sshd didn't like, and blocking the connections for non-root users. Maybe some sort of sanity checking - or terminal emulation - that is triggering the SIGCHLD, but only when called via ssh. I already went through every single item on sshd_config, and also put SSHD in debug mode, but didn't find anything strange. Here's my /etc/ssh/sshd_config: LogLevel DEBUG LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys ChallengeResponseAuthentication no UsePAM yes AllowTcpForwarding no ChrootDirectory none Subsystem sftp internal-sftp -f DAEMON -u 000 And here's the output from /usr/syno/sbin/sshd -d, showing the failed attempt of joeuser trying to log in, with /bin/bash as the shell: debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type ECDSA debug1: private host key: #2 type 3 ECDSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/syno/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' Set /proc/self/oom_adj from 0 to -17 debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 6 out 6 newsock 6 pipe -1 sock 9 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 4, 4 Connection from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 debug1: HPN Disabled: 0, HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 SSH: Server;Ltype: Version;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Protocol: 2.0;Client: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 1024/100 debug1: MYFLAG IS 1 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: AUTH STATE IS 0 debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none SSH: Server;Ltype: Kex;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Enc: aes128-ctr;MAC: hmac-md5;Comp: none debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method none SSH: Server;Ltype: Authname;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Name: joeuser debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: PAM: initializing for "joeuser" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "localhost" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method password debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted password for joeuser from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: joeuser has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: PAM: establishing credentials User child is on pid 9129 debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 65536 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_by_tty: session 0 tty /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 Received disconnect from 127.0.0.1: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: closing session debug1: PAM: deleting credentials Here you have the full output of sshd -dd, together with ssh -vv. Bash: # bash --version GNU bash, version 3.2.49(1)-release (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. The bash binary was cross compiled from source. I also tried using a pre-compiled binary from the Optware distribution, but had the exact same problem. I checked for missing shared libraries using objdump -x, but they're all there. Any ideas what could be causing this "Permission denied, please try again."? I'm almost diving in the bash source code to investigate, but trying to avoid hours chasing something that may be silly.

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• SSH as root using public key still prompts for password on RHEL 6.1

  - by Dean Schulze

  I've generated rsa keys with cygwin ssh-keygen and copied them to the server with ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub [email protected] I've got the following settings in my /etc/ssh/sshd_config file RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys PermitRootLogin yes When I ssh [email protected] it still prompts for a password. The output below from /usr/sbin/sshd -d says that a matching keys was found in the .ssh/authorized_keys file, but it still requires a password from the client. I've read a bunch of web postings about permissions on files and directories, but nothing works. Is it possible to ssh with keys in RHEL 6.1 or is this forbidden? The debug output from ssh and sshd is below. $ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_6.1p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012 debug1: Connecting to my.ip.address [my.ip.address] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH_5* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA 9f:00:e0:1e:a2:cd:05:53:c8:21:d5:69:25:80:39:92 debug1: Host 'my.ip.address' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/dschulze/.ssh/known_hosts:3 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Offering DSA public key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Next authentication method: password Here is the server output from /usr/sbin/sshd -d [root@ga2-lab .ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd -d debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.3p1 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 5 out 5 newsock 5 pipe -1 sock 8 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 3 Connection from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_6.1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 74/74 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST received debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method none debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: PAM: initializing for "root" debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method publickey debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "172.60.254.24" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: trying public key file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys debug1: fd 4 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: matching key found: file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1 Found matching RSA key: db:b3:b9:b1:c9:df:6d:e1:03:5b:57:d3:d9:c4:4e:5c debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Postponed publickey for root from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 ssh2 debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method publickey debug1: attempt 2 failures 0 debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: trying public key file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys debug1: fd 4 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: matching key found: file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1 Found matching RSA key: db:b3:b9:b1:c9:df:6d:e1:03:5b:57:d3:d9:c4:4e:5c debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted publickey for root from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: root has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: ssh_gssapi_storecreds: Not a GSSAPI mechanism debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 debug1: SELinux support enabled debug1: PAM: establishing credentials PAM: pam_open_session(): Authentication failure debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 ssh_selinux_setup_pty: security_compute_relabel: Invalid argument debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 17323 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 17323 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_close_by_channel: channel 0 child 0 debug1: session_close: session 0 pid 0 debug1: channel 0: free: server-session, nchannels 1 Received disconnect from 172.60.254.24: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: deleting credentials

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• Cisco ASA 5505 - L2TP over IPsec

  - by xraminx

  I have followed this document on cisco site to set up the L2TP over IPsec connection. When I try to establish a VPN to ASA 5505 from my Windows XP, after I click on "connect" button, the "Connecting ...." dialog box appears and after a while I get this error message: Error 800: Unable to establish VPN connection. The VPN server may be unreachable, or security parameters may not be configured properly for this connection. ASA version 7.2(4) ASDM version 5.2(4) Windows XP SP3 Windows XP and ASA 5505 are on the same LAN for test purposes. Edit 1: There are two VLANs defined on the cisco device (the standard setup on cisco ASA5505). - port 0 is on VLAN2, outside; - and ports 1 to 7 on VLAN1, inside. I run a cable from my linksys home router (10.50.10.1) to the cisco ASA5505 router on port 0 (outside). Port 0 have IP 192.168.1.1 used internally by cisco and I have also assigned the external IP 10.50.10.206 to port 0 (outside). I run a cable from Windows XP to Cisco router on port 1 (inside). Port 1 is assigned an IP from Cisco router 192.168.1.2. The Windows XP is also connected to my linksys home router via wireless (10.50.10.141). Edit 2: When I try to establish vpn, the Cisco device real time Log viewer shows 7 entries like this: Severity:5 Date:Sep 15 2009 Time: 14:51:29 SyslogID: 713904 Destination IP = 10.50.10.141, Decription: No crypto map bound to interface... dropping pkt Edit 3: This is the setup on the router right now. Result of the command: "show run" : Saved : ASA Version 7.2(4) ! hostname ciscoasa domain-name default.domain.invalid enable password HGFHGFGHFHGHGFHGF encrypted passwd NMMNMNMNMNMNMN encrypted names name 192.168.1.200 WebServer1 name 10.50.10.206 external-ip-address ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address external-ip-address 255.0.0.0 ! interface Vlan3 no nameif security-level 50 no ip address ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! ftp mode passive dns server-group DefaultDNS domain-name default.domain.invalid object-group service l2tp udp port-object eq 1701 access-list outside_access_in remark Allow incoming tcp/http access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host WebServer1 eq www access-list outside_access_in extended permit udp any any eq 1701 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 192.168.1.208 255.255.255.240 access-list inside_cryptomap_1 extended permit ip interface outside interface inside pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip local pool PPTP-VPN 192.168.1.210-192.168.1.220 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-524.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface www WebServer1 www netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group outside_access_in in interface outside timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute http server enable http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_MD5 mode transport crypto map outside_map 1 match address inside_cryptomap_1 crypto map outside_map 1 set transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_MD5 crypto map outside_map interface inside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash md5 group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.1.2-192.168.1.33 inside dhcpd enable inside ! group-policy DefaultRAGroup internal group-policy DefaultRAGroup attributes dns-server value 192.168.1.1 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec l2tp-ipsec username myusername password FGHFGHFHGFHGFGFHF nt-encrypted tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes address-pool PPTP-VPN default-group-policy DefaultRAGroup tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ppp-attributes no authentication chap authentication ms-chap-v2 ! ! prompt hostname context Cryptochecksum:a9331e84064f27e6220a8667bf5076c1 : end

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• Why is the latency on one LVM volume consistently higher?

  - by David Schmitt

  I've got a server with LVM over RAID1. One of the volumes has a consistently higher IO latency (as measured by the diskstats_latency munin plugin) than the other volumes from the same group. As you can see, the dark orange /root volume has consistently high IO latency. Actually ten times the average latency of the physical devices. It also has the highest Min and Max values. My main concern are not the peaks, which occur under high load, but the constant load on (semi-)idle. The server is running Debian Squeeze with the VServer kernel and has four VServer containers and one KVM guest. I'm looking for ways to fix - or at least understand - this situation. Here're some parts of the system configuration: root@kvmhost2:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/system--host-root 19G 3.8G 14G 22% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 16G 224K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm /dev/md0 942M 37M 858M 5% /boot /dev/mapper/system--host-isos 28G 19G 8.1G 70% /srv/isos /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_a 30G 23G 6.0G 79% /var/lib/vservers/a /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_b 5.0G 594M 4.1G 13% /var/lib/vservers/b /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_c 5.0G 555M 4.2G 12% /var/lib/vservers/c /dev/loop0 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /media/debian-6.0.0-amd64-DVD-1 /dev/loop1 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /media/debian-6.0.0-i386-DVD-1 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_d 74G 55G 16G 78% /var/lib/vservers/d root@kvmhost2:~# cat /proc/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 none /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=16500836k,nr_inodes=4125209,mode=755 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-root / ext3 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 rw,sync,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-isos /srv/isos ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_a /var/lib/vservers/a ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_b /var/lib/vservers/b ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_c /var/lib/vservers/c ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/loop0 /media/debian-6.0.0-amd64-DVD-1 iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0 /dev/loop1 /media/debian-6.0.0-i386-DVD-1 iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_d /var/lib/vservers/d ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 root@kvmhost2:~# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 975779968 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 979840 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> root@kvmhost2:~# iostat -x Linux 2.6.32-5-vserver-amd64 (kvmhost2) 06/28/2012 _x86_64_ (8 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 3.09 0.14 2.92 1.51 0.00 92.35 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 23.25 161.12 7.46 37.90 855.27 1596.62 54.05 0.13 2.80 1.76 8.00 sdb 22.82 161.36 7.36 37.66 850.29 1596.62 54.35 0.54 12.01 1.80 8.09 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.02 38.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md1 0.00 0.00 53.55 198.16 768.01 1585.25 9.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.48 20.21 16.70 161.71 8.62 0.26 12.72 0.77 1.60 dm-1 0.00 0.00 3.62 10.03 28.94 80.21 8.00 0.19 13.68 1.59 2.17 dm-2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.17 0.00 9.64 6.42 0.00 dm-3 0.00 0.00 6.73 0.41 53.87 3.28 8.00 0.02 3.44 0.12 0.09 dm-4 0.00 0.00 17.45 18.18 139.57 145.47 8.00 0.42 11.81 0.76 2.69 dm-5 0.00 0.00 2.50 46.38 120.50 371.07 10.06 0.69 14.20 0.46 2.26 dm-6 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.67 0.81 12.53 0.01 75.53 18.58 0.22 dm-7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.99 0.00 11.24 9.45 0.00 dm-8 0.00 0.00 22.69 102.76 407.25 822.09 9.80 0.97 7.71 0.39 4.95 dm-9 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.08 0.50 0.62 8.00 0.07 481.23 11.72 0.16 root@kvmhost2:~# ls -l /dev/mapper/ total 0 crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 May 11 11:19 control lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm1 -> ../dm-4 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm2 -> ../dm-3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-isos -> ../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 11:19 system--host-root -> ../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-swap -> ../dm-9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_d -> ../dm-8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_b -> ../dm-6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_c -> ../dm-7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_a -> ../dm-5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm3 -> ../dm-1 root@kvmhost2:~#

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• help setting up an IPSEC vpn from my linux box

  - by robthewolf

  I have an office with a router and a remote server (Linux - Ubuntu 10.10). Both locations need to connect to a data supplier through a VPN. The VPN is an IPSEC gateway. I was able to configure my Linksys rv42 router to create a VPN connection successfully and now I need to do the same for Linux server. I have been messing around with this for too long. First I tried OpenVPN, but that is SSL and not IPSEC. Then I tried Shrew. I think I have the settings correct but I haven't been able to create the connection. It maybe that I have to use something else like a direct IPSEC config or something like that. If someone knows of a way to turn the following settings that I have been given below into a working IPSEC VPN connection I would be very grateful. Here are the settings I was given that must be used to connect to my supplier: Local destination network: 192.168.4.0/24 Local destination hosts: 192.168.4.100 Remote destination network: 192.167.40.0/24 Remote destination hosts: 192.168.40.27 VPN peering point: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Then they have given me the following details: IPSEC/ISAKMP Phase 1 Parameters: Authentication method: pre shared secret Diffie Hellman group: group 2 Encryption Algorithm: 3DES Lifetime in seconds:28800 Phase 2 parameters: IPSEC security: ESP Encryption algortims: 3DES Authentication algorithms: MD5 lifetime in seconds: 28800 pfs: disabled Here are the settings from my attempt to use shrew: n:version:2 n:network-ike-port:500 n:network-mtu-size:1380 n:client-addr-auto:0 n:network-frag-size:540 n:network-dpd-enable:1 n:network-notify-enable:1 n:client-banner-enable:1 n:client-dns-used:1 b:auth-mutual-psk:YjJzN2QzdDhyN2EyZDNpNG42ZzQ= n:phase1-dhgroup:2 n:phase1-keylen:0 n:phase1-life-secs:28800 n:phase1-life-kbytes:0 n:vendor-chkpt-enable:0 n:phase2-keylen:0 n:phase2-pfsgroup:-1 n:phase2-life-secs:28800 n:phase2-life-kbytes:0 n:policy-nailed:0 n:policy-list-auto:1 n:client-dns-auto:1 n:network-natt-port:4500 n:network-natt-rate:15 s:client-dns-addr:0.0.0.0 s:client-dns-suffix: s:network-host:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx s:client-auto-mode:pull s:client-iface:virtual s:client-ip-addr:192.168.4.0 s:client-ip-mask:255.255.255.0 s:network-natt-mode:enable s:network-frag-mode:disable s:auth-method:mutual-psk s:ident-client-type:address s:ident-client-data:192.168.4.0 s:ident-server-type:address s:ident-server-data:192.168.40.0 s:phase1-exchange:aggressive s:phase1-cipher:3des s:phase1-hash:md5 s:phase2-transform:3des s:phase2-hmac:md5 s:ipcomp-transform:disabled Finally here is the debug output from the shrew log: 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : ipc client process thread begin ... 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : peer config add message 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : peer added ( obj count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local address 217.xxx.xxx.xxx selected for peer 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : tunnel added ( obj count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : proposal config message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : proposal config message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : client config message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : local id '192.168.4.0' message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : remote id '192.168.40.0' message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : preshared key message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : peer tunnel enable message 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : new phase1 ( ISAKMP initiator ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : exchange type is aggressive 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 <- 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : c1a8b31ac860995d:0000000000000000 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : phase1 added ( obj count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : security association payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : - proposal #1 payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : -- transform #1 payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : key exchange payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : nonce payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : identification payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v00 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v01 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v02 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v03 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( rfc ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports DPDv1 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is SHREW SOFT compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is NETSCREEN compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is SIDEWINDER compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is CISCO UNITY compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 = : cookies c1a8b31ac860995d:0000000000000000 10/12/22 17:22:18 = : message 00000000 10/12/22 17:22:18 - : send IKE packet 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 ( 484 bytes ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : phase1 resend event scheduled ( ref count = 2 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : opened tap device tap0 10/12/22 17:22:28 - : resend 1 phase1 packet(s) 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:38 - : resend 1 phase1 packet(s) 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:48 - : resend 1 phase1 packet(s) 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : resend limit exceeded for phase1 exchange 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : phase1 removal before expire time 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : phase1 deleted ( obj count = 0 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : closed tap device tap0 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : tunnel stats event canceled ( ref count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing tunnel config references 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing tunnel phase2 references 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing tunnel phase1 references 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : tunnel deleted ( obj count = 0 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing all peer tunnel refrences 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : peer deleted ( obj count = 0 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : ipc client process thread exit ...

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• Accessing a broken mdadm raid

  - by CarstenCarsten

  Hi! I used a western digital mybookworld (SOHO NAS storage using Linux) as backup for my Linux box. Suddenly, the mybookworld does not boot up any more. So I opened the box, removed the hard disk and put the hard disk into an external USB HDD case, and connected it to my Linux box. [ 530.640301] usb 2-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [ 530.797630] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 [ 531.794844] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access WDC WD75 00AAKS-00RBA0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [ 531.796490] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 [ 531.797966] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] 1465149168 512-byte logical blocks: (750 GB/698 GiB) [ 531.800317] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 531.800327] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 38 00 00 00 [ 531.800333] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.803821] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.803836] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4 [ 531.815831] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.815842] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk The dmesg output looks normal, but I was wondering why the hardisk was not mounted at all. And why there are 4 different partitions on it. fdisk showed the following: root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# fdisk /dev/sdc WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00007c00 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 4 369 2939895 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 370 382 104422+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 383 505 987997+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc4 506 91201 728515620 fd Linux raid autodetect Oh no! Everything seems to be created as a mdadm software raid. Calling mdadm --examine with the different partitions seems to affirm that. I think the only partition I am interested in, is /dev/sdc4 (because it is the largest). But nevertheless I called mdadm --examine with every partition. root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 5626a2d8:070ad992:ef1c8d24:cd8e13e4 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:49 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 2939776 (2.80 GiB 3.01 GB) Array Size : 2939776 (2.80 GiB 3.01 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 1 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 4c90bc55 - correct Events : 16682 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc2: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 9734b3ee:2d5af206:05fe3413:585f7f26 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:54 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Array Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Wed Oct 27 20:19:08 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 55560b40 - correct Events : 9884 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 0 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc3 /dev/sdc3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 08f30b4f:91cca15d:2332bfef:48e67824 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:54 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 987904 (964.91 MiB 1011.61 MB) Array Size : 987904 (964.91 MiB 1011.61 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 3 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 39717874 - correct Events : 73678 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 3 0 active sync 0 0 8 3 0 active sync 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc4 /dev/sdc4: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : febb75ca:e9d1ce18:f14cc006:f759419a Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:55 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 728515520 (694.77 GiB 746.00 GB) Array Size : 728515520 (694.77 GiB 746.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 4 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 2f36a392 - correct Events : 519320 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 4 0 active sync 0 0 8 4 0 active sync 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed If I read the output correctly everything was removed, because it was faulty. Is there ANY way to see the contents of the largest partition? Or seeing somehow which files are broken? I see that everything is raid1 which is only mirroring, so this should be a normal partition. I am anxious to do anything with mdadm, in fear that I destroy the data on the hard disk. I would be very thankful for any help.

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• Sharepoint web services -- The HTTP request is unauthorized with client authentication scheme 'Ntlm'

  - by Pandincus

  I know there's a lot of questions on SO similar to this, but I couldn't find one for this particular issue. A couple of points, first: I have no control over our Sharepoint server. I cannot tweak any IIS settings. I believe our IIS server version is IIS 7.0. Our Sharepoint Server is anticipating requests via NTLM. Our Sharepoint Server is on the same domain as my client computer. I am using .NET Framework 3.5, Visual Studio 2008 I am trying to write a simple console app to manipulate Sharepoint data using Sharepoint Web Services. I have added the Service Reference, and the following is my app.config: <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <basicHttpBinding> <binding name="ListsSoap" closeTimeout="00:01:00" openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" useDefaultWebProxy="true"> <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> <security mode="Transport"> <transport clientCredentialType="Ntlm" proxyCredentialType="Ntlm" /> </security> </binding> </basicHttpBinding> </bindings> <client> <endpoint address="https://subdomain.companysite.com/subsite/_vti_bin/Lists.asmx" binding="basicHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="ListsSoap" contract="ServiceReference1.ListsSoap" name="ListsSoap" /> </client> </system.serviceModel> This is my code: static void Main(string[] args) { using (var client = new ListsSoapClient()) { client.ClientCredentials.Windows.ClientCredential = new NetworkCredential("username", "password", "domain"); client.GetListCollection(); } } When I call GetListCollection(), the following MessageSecurityException gets thrown: The HTTP request is unauthorized with client authentication scheme 'Ntlm'. The authentication header received from the server was 'NTLM'. With an inner WebException: "The remote server returned an error: (401) Unauthorized." I've tried various bindings and various code tweaks to try to authenticate properly, but to no avail. I'll list those below. I've tried the following steps: Using a native Win32 Impersonator before creating the client using (new Impersonator.Impersonator("username", "password", "domain")) using (var client = new ListsSoapClient()) { client.ClientCredentials.Windows.ClientCredential = new NetworkCredential("dpincas", "password", "domain"); client.GetListCollection(); } This produced the same error message. Setting TokenImpersonationLevel for my client credentials using (var client = new ListsSoapClient()) { client.ClientCredentials.Windows.AllowedImpersonationLevel = TokenImpersonationLevel.Impersonation; client.GetListCollection(); } This produced the same error message. Using security mode=TransportCredentialOnly <security mode="TransportCredentialOnly"> <transport clientCredentialType="Ntlm" /> </security> This resulted in a different error message: The provided URI scheme 'https' is invalid; expected 'http'. Parameter name: via However, I need to use https, so I cannot change my URI scheme. I've tried some other combinations that I can't remember, but I'll post them when I do. I'm really at wits end here. I see a lot of links on Google that say "switch to Kerberos", but my server seems to only be accepting NTLM, not "Negotiate" (as it would say if it was looking for Kerberos), so that is unfortunately not an option. Any help out there, folks?

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• Visual Studio 2010 and javascript debugging in external javascript files (embedded and minified).

  - by OKB

  Hi, The asp.net web application I'm working on is written in asp.net 3.5, the web app solution is upgraded from VS 2008 (don't know if that matter). The solution had javascript in the aspx files before I moved the javascript to external files. Now what I have done is to set all the javascript files to be embedded resource (except the jquery.js file) and I want to minify them when building for release by using the MS Ajax Minifier. I want to use the minified javascript files when I'm in the RELEASE mode and when I'm in DEBUG mode I want to use the "normal" versions. My problem now is that I'm unable to debug the javascript code in debug mode. When I set a break point a javascript function, VS is not breaking at all when the function is executed. I have added this entry in my web.config: <system.web> <compilation defaultLanguage="c#" debug="true" /> </system.web> Here how I register the jquery in an aspx-file: <asp:ScriptManagerProxy ID="ScriptManagerProxy1" runat="server"> <Scripts> <asp:ScriptReference Path="~/Javascript/jquery.js"/> </Scripts> </asp:ScriptManagerProxy> External javascript registration in the code-behind: #if DEBUG [assembly: WebResource("braArkivWeb.Javascript.jquery.js", "text/javascript")] [assembly: WebResource(braArkivWeb.ArkivdelSearch.JavaScriptResource, "text/javascript")] #else [assembly: WebResource("braArkivWeb.Javascript.jquery.min.js", "text/javascript")] [assembly: WebResource(braArkivWeb.ArkivdelSearch.JavaScriptMinResource, "text/javascript")] #endif public partial class ArkivdelSearch : Page { public const string JavaScriptResource = "braArkivWeb.ArkivdelSearch.js"; public const string JavaScriptMinResource = "braArkivWeb.ArkivdelSearch.min.js"; protected void Page_Init(object sender, EventArgs e) { InitPageClientScript(); } private void InitPageClientScript() { #if DEBUG this.Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptResource(typeof(ArkivdelSearch), "braArkivWeb.Javascript.jquery.js"); this.Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptResource(typeof(ArkivdelSearch), JavaScriptResource); #else this.Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptResource(typeof(ArkivdelSearch), "braArkivWeb.Javascript.jquery.min.js"); this.Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptResource(typeof(ArkivdelSearch), JavaScriptMinResource); #endif StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(typeof(ArkivdelSearch), "initArkivdelSearch", sb.ToString(), true); } } In the project file I have added this code to minify the javascripts: <!-- Minify all JavaScript files that were embedded as resources --> <UsingTask TaskName="AjaxMin" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\SharedLib\AjaxMinTask.dll" /> <PropertyGroup> <ResGenDependsOn> MinifyJavaScript; $(ResGenDependsOn) </ResGenDependsOn> </PropertyGroup> <Target Name="MinifyJavaScript" Condition=" '$(ConfigurationName)'=='Release' "> <Copy SourceFiles="@(EmbeddedResource)" DestinationFolder="$(IntermediateOutputPath)" Condition="'%(Extension)'=='.js'"> <Output TaskParameter="DestinationFiles" ItemName="EmbeddedJavaScriptResource" /> </Copy> <AjaxMin JsSourceFiles="@(EmbeddedJavaScriptResource)" JsSourceExtensionPattern="\.js$" JsTargetExtension=".js" /> <ItemGroup> <EmbeddedResource Remove="@(EmbeddedResource)" Condition="'%(Extension)'=='.js'" /> <EmbeddedResource Include="@(EmbeddedJavaScriptResource)" /> <FileWrites Include="@(EmbeddedJavaScriptResource)" /> </ItemGroup> </Target> Do you see what I'm doing wrong? Or what I'm missing in order to be able to debug my javascript code? Best Regards, OKB

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• Treeview - Hierarchical Data Template - Binding does not update on source change?

  - by ClearsTheScreen

  Greetings! I ran into this problem in my project (Silverlight 3 with C#): I have a TreeView which is data bound to, well, a tree. This TreeView has a HierarchicalDataTamplate in a resource dictionary, that defines various controls. Now I want to hide (Visibility.Collapse) some items depending on wether a node has children or not. Other items shall be visible under the same condition. It works like charm when I first bind the source tree to the TreeView, but when I change the source tree, the visibility in the treeview does not change. XAML - page: <controls:TreeView x:Name="SankeyTreeView" ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource expandedTreeViewItemStyle}" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource SankeyTreeTemplate}"> <controls:TreeViewItem IsExpanded="True"> <controls:TreeViewItem.HeaderTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="This is just for loading and will be replaced directly after the data becomes available..."/> </DataTemplate> </controls:TreeViewItem.HeaderTemplate> </controls:TreeViewItem> </controls:TreeView> XAML - ResourceDictionary <!-- Each node in the tree is structurally identical, hence only one Hierarchical Data Template that'll use itself on the children. --> <Data:HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="SankeyTreeTemplate" ItemsSource="{Binding Children}"> <Grid Height="24"> <TextBlock x:Name="TextBlockName" Text="{Binding Path=Value.name, Mode=TwoWay}" VerticalAlignment="Center" Foreground="Black"/> <TextBox x:Name="TextBoxFlow" Text="{Binding Path=Value.flow, Mode=TwoWay}" Grid.Column="1" Visibility="{Binding Children, Converter={StaticResource BoxConverter}, ConverterParameter=\{box\}}"/> <TextBlock x:Name="TextBlockThroughput" Text="{Binding Path=Value.throughput, Mode=TwoWay}" Grid.Column="1" Visibility="{Binding Children, Converter={StaticResource BoxConverter}, ConverterParameter=\{block\}}"/> <Button x:Name="ButtonAddNode"/> <Button x:Name="ButtonDeleteNode"/> <Button x:Name="ButtonEditNode"/> </Grid> </Data:HierarchicalDataTemplate> Now, as you can see, the TextBoxFlow and the TextBlockThroughput share the same space. What I aim at: The "Throughput" value of a node is how much of something 'flows' through this node from its children. It can't be changed directly, so I want to display a text block. Only leaf nodes have a TextBox to let someone enter the 'flow' that is generated in this leaf node. (I.E.: Node.Throughput = Node.Flow + Sum(Children.Throughput), where Node.Flow = 0 for each non-leaf.) What the BoxConverter (silly name -.-) does: public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { if ((value as NodeList<TreeItem>).Count > 1) // Node has Children? { if ((parameter as String) == "{box}") { return Visibility.Collapsed; } else ((parameter as String) == "{block}") { return Visibility.Visible; } } else { /* * As above, just with Collapsed and Visible switched */ } } The structure of the tree that is bound to the TreeView is essentially stolen from Dan Vanderboom (a bit too much to dump the whole code here), except that I here of course use an ObservableCollection for the children and the value items implement INotifyPropertyChanged. I would be very grateful if someone could explain to me, why inserting items into the underlying tree does not update the visibility for box and block. Thank you in advance!

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• Partial Trust in WPF 4

  - by Hadi Eskandari

  I've started a new project in WPF 4 (.NET 4) and trying to see if I can run it in xbap mode. I need to run the application in Full Trust with the new mode made available in .NET 4 which asks the end user if the full trust application should be run. I've set the "Security" mode to "Full Trust" application, and it builds just fine. When I run it, an exception is thrown and IE error message shows the following error. Any ways around it?? Startup URI: T:\projects\Hightech Sources\PayRoll\PayRoll.Web\publish\PayRoll.Web.xbap Application Identity: file:///T:/projects/Hightech%20Sources/PayRoll/PayRoll.Web/publish/PayRoll.Web.xbap#PayRoll.Web.xbap, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=1d910f49755d2c97, processorArchitecture=msil/PayRoll.Web.exe, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=1d910f49755d2c97, processorArchitecture=msil, type=win32 System.Security.SecurityException: Request for the permission of type 'System.Security.Permissions.FileIOPermission, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089' failed. at System.Security.CodeAccessSecurityEngine.Check(Object demand, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean isPermSet) at System.Security.CodeAccessSecurityEngine.Check(CodeAccessPermission cap, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) at System.Security.CodeAccessPermission.Demand() at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadFrom(String assemblyFile, Evidence securityEvidence, Byte[] hashValue, AssemblyHashAlgorithm hashAlgorithm, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) at System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFrom(String assemblyFile) at PayRoll.Web.App.SelectAssemblies() at Caliburn.PresentationFramework.ApplicationModel.CaliburnApplication..ctor() at PayRoll.Web.App..ctor() at PayRoll.Web.App.Main() at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args) at System.AppDomain.nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ManifestRunner.Run(Boolean checkAptModel) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ManifestRunner.ExecuteAsAssembly() at System.Runtime.Hosting.ApplicationActivator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext, String[] activationCustomData) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ApplicationActivator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext) at System.Windows.Interop.PresentationApplicationActivator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext actCtx) at System.Activator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext) at System.AppDomain.Setup(Object arg) at System.AppDomain.nCreateInstance(String friendlyName, AppDomainSetup setup, Evidence providedSecurityInfo, Evidence creatorsSecurityInfo, IntPtr parentSecurityDescriptor) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ApplicationActivator.CreateInstanceHelper(AppDomainSetup adSetup) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ApplicationActivator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext, String[] activationCustomData) at System.Windows.Interop.PresentationApplicationActivator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext actCtx) at System.Activator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext) at System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentManager.ExecuteNewDomain() at System.Deployment.Application.InPlaceHostingManager.Execute() at MS.Internal.AppModel.XappLauncherApp.ExecuteDownloadedApplication() at System.Windows.Interop.DocObjHost.RunApplication(ApplicationRunner runner) at MS.Internal.AppModel.XappLauncherApp.XappLauncherApp_Exit(Object sender, ExitEventArgs e) at System.Windows.Application.OnExit(ExitEventArgs e) at System.Windows.Application.DoShutdown() at System.Windows.Application.ShutdownImpl() at System.Windows.Application.ShutdownCallback(Object arg) at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler) at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl() at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke() at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue() at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o) at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(DispatcherFrame frame) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run() at System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(Object ignore) at System.Windows.Application.StartDispatcherInBrowser(Object unused) at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler) at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl() at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke() at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue() at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o) at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler) at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) The action that failed was: Demand The type of the first permission that failed was: System.Security.Permissions.FileIOPermission

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• How to fix notifyDataSetChanged/ListView problems in dynamic Adapter wrapper Android

  - by ipaterson

  Summary: Trying to dynamically add heading rows to a ListView via a custom adapter wrapper. ListView is having trouble keeping the scroll position in sync. Runnable demo project provided. I would like to dynamically add items to a list based on the values in a CursorAdapter, several positions ahead of what the user is currently viewing. To do this, I have an adapter that wraps the CursorAdapter and keeps the new content indexed in a SparseArray. The ListView needs to be updated when items are added to the custom adapter, but I have met a lot of pitfalls trying to get that to work and would love some advice. The demo project can be downloaded here: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/15334423/DynamicSectionedList.zip In the demo, the headings are added dynamically by looking ahead 10 places to find the correct position where the list items switch to the next letter. Each implementation of notifyDataSetChanged has problems as described: Demo 1 This demo shows the importance of notifyDataSetChanged(). On clicking anything, the app will crash. This is due to some sanity checking in ListView... mItemCount != adapter.getItemCount(). Moral is, we need to notify the list that data has changed. Demo 2 The natural next step is to notify the ListView of changes when changes occur. Unfortunately, doing so while the ListView is scrolling firmly breaks all touch interaction until the app switches out of touch mode. You will need to "fling scroll" far enough to generate new headings in order to notice this. Tapping the screen will not cause the scroll to stop, and once stopped none of the list items will be clickable. This is due to some if (!mDataChanged) { /* do very important stuff */ } code in AbsListView.onTouchEvent(). Demo 3 To fix this, Demo 3 introduces a pendingChanges flag and the custom Adapter gains a notifyDataSetChangedIfNeeded() which can be called by the ListView once it has entered a "safe" state for changes. The first point where changes must be notified is in ListView.layoutChildren(), so I overrode that method to first notify of changes if needed, then call through. Fling past at least one heading then click a list item. This doesn't quite work right, though I'm not totally sure why. Tapping or selecting an item with the keyboard/trackball causes the list to refresh without properly syncing the old position. It scrolls to the top of the list which is not acceptable. Demo 4 The scroll problem in Demo 3 can be conquered, at least in touch mode. By adding a call to notifyDataSetChangedIfNeeded() on touch down, the data change happens to take place at such a time that all touch interaction works as expected and the list position is properly synced. However, I can't find an analog for that when the device is not in touch mode, not to mention the fact that it definitely seems like a hack. The list almost always scrolls back to the top, I can't find out what causes it to occasionally maintain the correct position. Since Android is fighting me at each step of the way, I feel like there should be a better approach. Please try the demo, if any fixes can be applied to get it working that would be great! Many thanks to anyone who can look into this, hopefully if we can get the code working it will be useful for others trying to accomplish the same optimization for lists with headings.

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• ssh permission denied

  - by Gitmo

  I am trying to ssh into a remote machine and I get the following debug messages: debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to xxx.xxx.x.xx [xxx.xxx.xx.x] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 128/256 debug2: bits set: 511/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/hadoop/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 20 debug1: Host '192.168.1.63' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/hadoop/.ssh/known_hosts:20 debug2: bits set: 511/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa (0x241c110) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,password). What seems to be the problem?? I have tried everything, this is driving me nuts.

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• What is the cause of exception in wcf peer-to-peer service with callbacks ?

  - by miensol

  I've been playing around with WCF peer to peer, one way operation contract and callbacks. I have a following service: [ServiceContract(CallbackContract = typeof(ICodeFoundCallback))] public interface ICodeSearch { [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)] void Search(string searchQuery); } public interface ICodeFoundCallback { [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)] void Found(string found); } public class CodeSearchService : ServiceWithCallback<ICodeFoundCallback>, ICodeSearch { public void Search(string searchQuery) { Console.WriteLine("Searching for :" + searchQuery); Callback(t=> t.Found(searchQuery)); } } public class ServiceWithCallback<T> { protected void Callback(Action<T> call) { var callbackChanel = OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<T>(); call(callbackChanel); } } with such config on server <system.serviceModel> <services> <service name="CodeSearch.Service.CodeSearchService" behaviorConfiguration="CodeSearchServiceBehavior"> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="net.p2p://CodeSearchService"/> </baseAddresses> </host> <endpoint name="CodeSearchServiceEndpoint" address="" binding="netPeerTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="BindingUnsecure" contract="CodeSearch.Service.ICodeSearch" /> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="CodeSearchServiceBehavior"> <serviceMetadata /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <netPeerTcpBinding> <binding name="BindingUnsecure"> <security mode="None"/> <resolver mode="Pnrp"/> </binding> </netPeerTcpBinding> <customBinding> <binding name="CodeSearchServiceEndpoint"> <binaryMessageEncoding maxReadPoolSize="64" maxWritePoolSize="16" maxSessionSize="2048"> <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> </binaryMessageEncoding> <peerTransport maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" port="0"> <security mode="None" /> </peerTransport> </binding> </customBinding> </bindings> <system.serviceModel> And simple client generated by Visual studio tooling. When I run two or more servers, and client invokes Search method: search method is called on each server first server calls client callback properly second server throws ArgumentException "A property with the name 'TransactionFlowProperty' already exists" when invoking client callback (Found method) I've no idea what is going on since as far as I know transaction flow is by default set to none. Could anyone help me solve this issue ?

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• Link Error : xxx is already defined in *****.LIB :: What exactly is wrong?

  - by claws

  Problem: I'm trying to use a library named DCMTK which used some other external libraries ( zlib, libtiff, libpng, libxml2, libiconv ). I've downloaded these external libraries (*.LIB & *.h files ) from the same website. Now, when I compile the DCMTK library I'm getting link errors (793 errors) like this: Error 2 error LNK2005: __encode_pointer already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 3 error LNK2005: __decode_pointer already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 4 error LNK2005: __CrtSetCheckCount already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 5 error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 6 error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 7 error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 8 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Documentation: This seems to be a popular error for this library so, they do have a FAQ entry addressing this issue which ( http://forum.dcmtk.org/viewtopic.php?t=35 ) says: The problem is that the linker tries to combine different, incompatible versions of the Visual C++ runtime library into a single binary. This happens when not all parts of your project and the libraries you link against are generated with the same code generation options in Visual C++. Do not use the /NODEFAULTLIB workaround, because strange software crashes may follow. Fix the problem! DCMTK is by default compiled with the "Multithreaded" or "Multithreaded Debug" code generation option (the latter for Debug mode). Either change the project settings of all of your code to use these code generation options, or change the code generation for all DCMTK modules and re-compile. MFC users beware: DCMTK should be compiled with "Multithreaded DLL" or "Multithreaded DLL Debug" settings if you want to link the libraries into an MFC application. Solution to same problem for others: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2259697/vscopengl-huge-amount-of-linker-issues-with-release-build-only says: It seems that your release build is trying to link to something that was built debug. You probably have a broken dependency in your build, (or you missed rebuilding something to release by hand if your project is normally built in pieces). More technically, you seem to be linking projects built with different C Run Time library settings, one with "Multi-Threaded", another one with "Multi-Threaded Debug". Adjust the settings for all the projects to use the very same flavour of the library and the issue should go away Questions: Till now I used to think that Name mangling is the only problem that may cause linking failures if its not been standardized. Just now I knew there are other things also which can cause same effect. Whats up with the "Debug Mode" (Multi-Threaded Debug) and "Release Mode" (Multi-Threaded)? What exactly is happening under the hood? Why exactly this thing is causing linking error? I wonder if there is something called "Single-Threaded Debug" and "Single-Threaded" which again causes the same thing. Documentation talks something about "Code Generation Options". What Code Generation Options? WTH are they? Documentation specifically warns us not to use /NODEFAULTLIB workaround. (example /NODEFAULTLIB :msvcrt ). Why? How would I cause troubles? what exactly is it? Please explain the last point in the documentation for MFC users. Because I'm going to use MFC later in this project. Explain Why should we do it? What troubles would it cause if I don't. Anything more you'd like to mention? I mean regarding similar errors. I'm very interested in Linker & its problems. So, if there are any similar things you can mentions them or some keywords atleast.

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• Transport Security with Certificate Authentication

  - by Brian T

  I'm getting the following error when I access my webservice localhost/MyService/MyService.svc The SSL settings for the service 'SslRequireCert' does not match those of the IIS 'Ssl, SslNegotiateCert'. I've following the web.config examples as specified in http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731074.aspx Here is my wcf server web.config: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/.NetConfiguration/v2.0"> <appSettings /> <system.web> <identity impersonate="false" /> <roleManager enabled="true" /> <authentication mode="Windows" /> <customErrors mode="Off" /> <webServices> <protocols> <add name="HttpGet" /> <add name="HttpPost" /> </protocols> </webServices> </system.web> <system.webServer> <directoryBrowse enabled="true" /> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" /> <security> <authorization> <remove users="*" roles="" verbs="" /> <add accessType="Allow" users="*" roles="" /> </authorization> </security> </system.webServer> <system.serviceModel> <services> <service name="AspNetSqlProviderService" behaviorConfiguration="MyServiceBehavior"> <endpoint binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Interface1" bindingConfiguration="CertificateWithTransportWSHttpBinding" /> <endpoint binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Interface2" bindingConfiguration="CertificateWithTransportWSHttpBinding" /> <endpoint address="mex" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="CertificateWithTransportWSHttpBinding" name="Metadata_Exchange" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="MyServiceBehavior"> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="True" /> <serviceMetadata /> <serviceCredentials> <clientCertificate> <authentication trustedStoreLocation="LocalMachine" revocationMode="Online"/> </clientCertificate> </serviceCredentials> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="CertificateWithTransportWSHttpBinding"> <security mode="Transport"> <transport clientCredentialType="Certificate" /> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> </system.serviceModel> </configuration> I've configured IIS as follows: https binding added using self signed certificate Under SSL settings, require SSL and accept client certificates is checked The self signed certificate has been added to the Local Computer Trusted Root CA. I can browse and execute the .asmx service definition, but the .svc gives me the error described above.

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• How to get updated automatically WPF TreeViewItems with values based on .Net class properties?

  - by ProgrammerManiac

  Good morning. I have a class with data derived from InotifyPropertyChange. The data come from a background thread, which searches for files with certain extension in certain locations. Public property of the class reacts to an event OnPropertyChange by updating data in a separate thread. Besides, there are described in XAML TreeView, based on HierarhicalDataTemplates. Each TextBlock inside templates supplied ItemsSource = "{Binding FoundFilePaths, Mode = OneWay, NotifyOnTargetUpdated = True}". enter code here <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType = "{x:Type lightvedo:FilesInfoStore}" ItemsSource="{Binding FoundFilePaths, Mode=OneWay, NotifyOnTargetUpdated=True}"> <!--????? ??????????? ???? ??????--> <StackPanel x:Name ="TreeNodeStackPanel" Orientation="Horizontal"> <TextBlock Margin="5,5,5,5" TargetUpdated="TextBlockExtensions_TargetUpdated"> <TextBlock.Text> <MultiBinding StringFormat="Files with Extension {0}"> <Binding Path="FileExtension"/> </MultiBinding> </TextBlock.Text> </TextBlock> <Button x:Name="OpenFolderForThisFiles" Click="OnOpenFolderForThisFiles_Click" Margin="5, 3, 5, 3" Width="22" Background="Transparent" BorderBrush="Transparent" BorderThickness="0.5"> <Image Source="images\Folder.png" Height="16" Width="20" > </Image> </Button> </StackPanel> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="{x:Type lightvedo:FilePathsStore}"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding FilePaths, Mode=OneWay, NotifyOnTargetUpdated=True}" TargetUpdated="OnTreeViewNodeChildren_Update" /> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> </TreeView.Resources> <TreeView.RenderTransform> <TransformGroup> <ScaleTransform/> <SkewTransform AngleX="-0.083"/> <RotateTransform/> <TranslateTransform X="-0.249"/> </TransformGroup> </TreeView.RenderTransform> <TreeView.BorderBrush> <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="1,0.5" StartPoint="0,0.5"> <GradientStop Color="#FF74591F" Offset="0" /> <GradientStop Color="#FF9F7721" Offset="1" /> <GradientStop Color="#FFD9B972" Offset="0.49" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </TreeView.BorderBrush> </TreeView> Q: Why is the data from a class derived from INotifyPropertyChange does not affect the display of tree items. Do I understand: The interface will make INotifyPropertyChange be automatically redrawn TreeViewItems or do I need to manually carry out this operation? Currently TreeViewItems not updated and PropertyChamged always null. A feeling that no subscribers to the event OnPropertyChanged.

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• Rogue PropertyChanged notifications from ViewModel

  - by user1886323

  The following simple program is causing me a Databinding headache. I'm new to this which is why I suspect it has a simple answer. Basically, I have two text boxes bound to the same property myString. I have not set up the ViewModel (simply a class with one property, myString) to provide any notifications to the View for when myString is changed, so even although both text boxes operate a two way binding there should be no way that the text boxes update when myString is changed, am I right? Except... In most circumstances this is true - I use the 'change value' button at the bottom of the window to change the value of myString to whatever the user types into the adjacent text box, and the two text boxes at the top, even although they are bound to myString, do not change. Fine. However, if I edit the text in TextBox1, thus changing the value of myString (although only when the text box loses focus due to the default UpdateSourceTrigger property, see reference), TextBox2 should NOT update as it shouldn't receive any updates that myString has changed. However, as soon as TextBox1 loses focus (say click inside TextBox2) TextBox2 is updated with the new value of myString. My best guess so far is that because the TextBoxes are bound to the same property, something to do with TextBox1 updating myString gives TextBox2 a notification that it has changed. Very confusing as I haven't used INotifyPropertyChanged or anything like that. To clarify, I am not asking how to fix this. I know I could just change the binding mode to a oneway option. I am wondering if anyone can come up with an explanation for this strange behaviour? ViewModel: namespace WpfApplication1 { class ViewModel { public ViewModel() { _myString = "initial message"; } private string _myString; public string myString { get { return _myString; } set { if (_myString != value) { _myString = value; } } } } } View: <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1" Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"> <Window.DataContext> <local:ViewModel /> </Window.DataContext> <Grid> <!-- The culprit text boxes --> <TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="166,70,0,0" Name="textBox1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" Text="{Binding Path=myString, Mode=TwoWay}" /> <TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="166,120,0,0" Name="textBox2" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" Text="{Binding Path=myString, Mode=TwoWay}"/> <!--The buttons allowing manual change of myString--> <Button Name="changevaluebutton" Content="change value" Click="ButtonUpdateArtist_Click" Margin="12,245,416,43" Width="75" /> <Button Content="Show value" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="12,216,0,0" Name="showvaluebutton" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="showvaluebutton_Click" /> <Label Content="" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="116,216,0,0" Name="showvaluebox" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="128" /> <TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="116,245,0,0" Name="changevaluebox" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="128" /> <!--simply some text--> <Label Content="TexBox1" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="99,70,0,0" Name="label1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="61" /> <Label Content="TexBox2" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="99,118,0,0" Name="label2" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="61" /> </Grid> </Window> Code behind for view: namespace WpfApplication1 { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml /// </summary> public partial class MainWindow : Window { ViewModel viewModel; public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); viewModel = (ViewModel)this.DataContext; } private void showvaluebutton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { showvaluebox.Content = viewModel.myString; } private void ButtonUpdateArtist_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { viewModel.myString = changevaluebox.Text; } } }

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• Asus me302c create script crash

  - by wxfred

  State beforehand: So far, only Asus me302c would crash when it creates a script. This device can create renderscript context successfully 06-03 10:12:50.509: V/RenderScript_jni(3144): RS compat mode 06-03 10:12:50.509: V/RenderScript(3144): 0x610bbfc0 Launching thread(s), CPUs 4 06-03 10:12:50.549: D/libEGL(3144): loaded /vendor/lib/egl/libEGL_POWERVR_SGX544_115.so 06-03 10:12:50.559: D/libEGL(3144): loaded /vendor/lib/egl/libGLESv1_CM_POWERVR_SGX544_115.so 06-03 10:12:50.559: D/libEGL(3144): loaded /vendor/lib/egl/libGLESv2_POWERVR_SGX544_115.so 06-03 10:12:50.619: D/OpenGLRenderer(3144): Enabling debug mode 0 06-03 10:12:52.869: D/dalvikvm(3144): Rejecting registerization due to ushr-int/lit8 v4, v7, (#19) When create a script, it crashed. 06-03 09:55:09.859: D/basefilter(26682): ===createScript=== 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/RenderScript(26682): Unable to open shared library (/data/data/xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxx.xxxx//lib/librs.basefilter.so): Cannot load library: soinfo_relocate(linker.cpp:975): cannot locate symbol "_Z3dotDv3_fS_" referenced by "librs.basefilter.so"... 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/RenderScript(26682): Unable to open system shared library (/system/lib/librs.basefilter.so): (null) 06-03 09:55:09.869: D/AndroidRuntime(26682): Shutting down VM 06-03 09:55:09.869: W/dalvikvm(26682): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x418b9e10) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): android.support.v8.renderscript.RSRuntimeException: Loading of ScriptC script failed. 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at android.support.v8.renderscript.ScriptC.<init>(ScriptC.java:69) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx.ScriptC_BaseFilter.<init>(ScriptC_BaseFilter.java:41) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx.ScriptC_BaseFilter.<init>(ScriptC_BaseFilter.java:35) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xxxxxx.TeethWhiteningRSFilter.onCreateScript(TeethWhiteningRSFilter.java:19) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xxxxxx.TeethWhiteningRSFilter.onCreateScript(TeethWhiteningRSFilter.java:1) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx.BaseRSFilter.createScript(BaseRSFilter.java:39) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx.RSFilterEngine.addFilter(RSFilterEngine.java:76) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxx.xxxx.BeautyActivity.changeBeautyEffect(BeautyActivity.java:277) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxxx.xxxx.BeautyActivity$2.onClick(BeautyActivity.java:100) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at com.android.internal.app.AlertController$ButtonHandler.handleMessage(AlertController.java:166) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:152) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5132) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:793) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:560) 06-03 09:55:09.869: E/AndroidRuntime(26682): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) Now, I will post some related infomation. project.properties ... renderscript.target=9 renderscript.support.mode=true sdk.buildtools=19.0.3 device info Brand: Asus Model: ME302C OS: 4.2.2 CPU: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU Z2560 @1.60GHz GPU Renderer PowerVR SGX 544MP Finally, by the way, the same code runs well on Galaxy s2, s4, note 2.

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• Effective optimization strategies on modern C++ compilers

  - by user168715

  I'm working on scientific code that is very performance-critical. An initial version of the code has been written and tested, and now, with profiler in hand, it's time to start shaving cycles from the hot spots. It's well-known that some optimizations, e.g. loop unrolling, are handled these days much more effectively by the compiler than by a programmer meddling by hand. Which techniques are still worthwhile? Obviously, I'll run everything I try through a profiler, but if there's conventional wisdom as to what tends to work and what doesn't, it would save me significant time. I know that optimization is very compiler- and architecture- dependent. I'm using Intel's C++ compiler targeting the Core 2 Duo, but I'm also interested in what works well for gcc, or for "any modern compiler." Here are some concrete ideas I'm considering: Is there any benefit to replacing STL containers/algorithms with hand-rolled ones? In particular, my program includes a very large priority queue (currently a std::priority_queue) whose manipulation is taking a lot of total time. Is this something worth looking into, or is the STL implementation already likely the fastest possible? Along similar lines, for std::vectors whose needed sizes are unknown but have a reasonably small upper bound, is it profitable to replace them with statically-allocated arrays? I've found that dynamic memory allocation is often a severe bottleneck, and that eliminating it can lead to significant speedups. As a consequence I'm interesting in the performance tradeoffs of returning large temporary data structures by value vs. returning by pointer vs. passing the result in by reference. Is there a way to reliably determine whether or not the compiler will use RVO for a given method (assuming the caller doesn't need to modify the result, of course)? How cache-aware do compilers tend to be? For example, is it worth looking into reordering nested loops? Given the scientific nature of the program, floating-point numbers are used everywhere. A significant bottleneck in my code used to be conversions from floating point to integers: the compiler would emit code to save the current rounding mode, change it, perform the conversion, then restore the old rounding mode --- even though nothing in the program ever changed the rounding mode! Disabling this behavior significantly sped up my code. Are there any similar floating-point-related gotchas I should be aware of? One consequence of C++ being compiled and linked separately is that the compiler is unable to do what would seem to be very simple optimizations, such as move method calls like strlen() out of the termination conditions of loop. Are there any optimization like this one that I should look out for because they can't be done by the compiler and must be done by hand? On the flip side, are there any techniques I should avoid because they are likely to interfere with the compiler's ability to automatically optimize code? Lastly, to nip certain kinds of answers in the bud: I understand that optimization has a cost in terms of complexity, reliability, and maintainability. For this particular application, increased performance is worth these costs. I understand that the best optimizations are often to improve the high-level algorithms, and this has already been done.

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