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• Realtek HD Audio playing weird with certain video formats

  - by dyasny

  Hi, I have a Gigabyte motherboard with an onboard Realtek HD sound card. The card is working perfectly everywhere, except for a single video format, where the voice is distorted, sounds as if it's been passed through a metal tube. Been googling for this, but couldn't find an answer anywhere. The movie plays fine on other systems (got Linux everywhere else), but on this one (winXP-x64-sp2) it just doesn't. Here are some details: MPC: Type: KLCP WMV File Audio: 0x000a 22050Hz mono 20Kbps [Raw Audio 0] Video: Windows Media Video 9 400x300 29.97fps 227Kbps [Raw Video 1] VLC: Codec: wmas Sample rate: 22050 Bits per sample: 16 Bitrate: 20kb/s

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• Server hard disk read speed and client download speed, is there a connection? [closed]

  - by Mywiki Witwiki

  Ok so a client's download speed is only as fast as a server's upload speed, and vice versa. Based on the answers to this post: Does upload speed depend upon download speed of the server? In other words, the data transfer rate between the two computers is only as fast as the speed of the "bottleneck". Let's pretend the two computers are in two different networks and both have 100Mbps internet connection. Ben wants a copy of a file in Mark's computer hard disk with 30Mbps read speed. Does this mean that Ben can download the file at a speed of around 30Mbps only, despite having an internet connection faster than 30Mbps?

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• multiple file systems for mysql

  - by RainDoctor

  Does mysql support multiple file systems for a single database with most of the tables being on MyISAM? Context: we have a 1.5TB mysql database, which is increasing at the rate of 200GB per month. The storage is directly attached, whose slots are almost full. I can add another DAS, and increase the file system. But resizing volume, resizing file system, etc are getting messy. Is there a concept of "tablespace, datafile" (like in oracle) in MySql world? Or how you guys manage mysql db with these kind of constraints?

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• Tuning (and understanding) table_cache in mySQL

  - by jotango

  Hello, I ran the excellent MySQL performance tuning script and started to work through the suggestions. One I ran into was TABLE CACHE Current table_cache value = 4096 tables You have a total of 1073 tables. You have 3900 open tables. Current table_cache hit rate is 2%, while 95% of your table cache is in use. You should probably increase your table_cache I started to read up on the table_cache but found the MySQL documentation quite lacking. They do say to increase the table_cache, "if you have the memory". Unfortunately the table_cache variable is defined as "The number of open tables for all threads." How will the memory used by MySQL change, if I increase this variable? What is a good value, to set it to?

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• Exploratory Question for Security Admins (/etc/passwd + PHP)

  - by JPerkSter

  Hi everyone, I've been seeing a few issues lately on a few of my servers where an account gets hacked via outdated scripts, and the hacker uploads a cPanel / FTP Brute forcing PHP script inside the account. The PHP File reads /etc/passwd to get the usernames, and than uses a passwd.txt file to try and brute force it's way in to 127.0.0.1:2082. I'm trying to think of a way to block this. It doesn't POST anything except "GET /path/phpfile.php", so I can't use mod_security to block this. I've been thinking of maybe changing permissions on /etc/passwd to 600, however I'm unsure how this will result in regards to my users. I was also thinking of rate-limiting localhost connections to :2082, however I'm worried about mod_proxy being affected. Any suggestions?

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• Should a sysadmin contractor charge overtime for off-peak hours?

  - by Jakobud

  This is not necessarily a server-related question, but more of a system admin question that I think would related to many on SF. I'm doing Sysadmin/IT consulting for a small company. I only work about 3 days a week for them on average. If a server goes down or something like that during off hours (nights, weekends, 3am, etc) and they need it fixed during those time periods, should I be charging overtime for that? I would I not be justified in charging overtime until I've logged 40 hours for the week? Perhaps calling it overtime isn't the best name. I guess maybe its better to call it an off-peak hourly rate. Anyways I just was curious what other consultants did in these circumstances.

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• What do the numbers 240 and 360 mean when downloading video? How can I tell which video is more compressed?

  - by DaMing

  I have downloaded some computer science lectures from YouTube recently. There is usually more than one choice of file size and file format to download. I noticed that for the same video, the downloadable one with FLV 240 extension is larger than another one with MPEG4 360 extension. What does the number (240 and 360) mean? And which file's compression rate is bigger? That is to say, which one removed much more file elements than the other from the orignal file?

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• Transparent proxy which preserves client mac address

  - by A G

  I have a customer that wants to intercept SSL traffic as it leaves their network. My proposed solution is to setup a proxy that is transparent and both layer 2 and layer 3 so it can simply be dropped into their network without any change in config required. The proxy has two NICs, one connected to the server, the other to the client. The client, proxy and gateway are under control of the customer, the server is not. For example: client --- Proxy --- gateway -|- server I have my proxy program configured with IP_TRANSPARENT socket option to it can respond to connections destined for a remote IP. I am using the following setup: iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j TPROXY --on-port 3128 --tproxy-mark 1/1 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -j MARK --set-mark 1 ip rule add fwmark 1/1 table 1 ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 1 The client in question is on its own subnet and has been configured so that the proxy is the default gateway. The result is: Client sends a frame to the proxy; source IP is client, source mac is client, destination IP is server, destination mac is proxy Proxy forwards this frame to the gateway; source IP is proxy, source mac is proxy, destination IP is server, destination mac is gateway Gateway forwards this to the server and gets a response back. Gateway sends reply back to proxy; source IP is server, source mac is gateway, destination IP is proxy, destination mac is proxy Proxy forwards this reply to client; source IP is server, source mac is proxy, destination IP is client, destination mac is client. The tproxy and iptables configuration lets the proxy send packets with a non local ip address. Is there a way to make something transparent at the mac address level? That is, put the client on the same subnet as the gateway. The gateway sees the source IP and mac as that of the client, even though they originated from the proxy. Could this be done by configuring the proxy as a bridge then use ebtables to escalate the traffic to be handled by iptables? When I use ebtables to push something up to iptables, it appears my proxy program doesn't respond to the packets as they are destined for the gateways's mac address, not the proxy's. What are some other potential avenues I could investigate? EDIT: When the client and gateway are on different subnets (and client has set the proxy as the gateway), it works as described in 1 to 5. But I want to know if it is possible to have the client and gateway on the same subnet and have the proxy fully transparent (ie client is not aware of the proxy). Thanks! EDIT 2: I can configure the proxy as a bridge using brctl, but cannot find a way to direct this traffic to my proxy program - asked here Possible for linux bridge to intercept traffic?. Currently, with the description numbered 1 to 5, it operates at layer 3; it is transparent on the client side (client thinks it is talking to the server's IP), but not on the gateway side (gateway is talking to the proxy's IP). What I want to find out is, is it possible to make this operate at layer 2, so it is fully transparent? What are the available options I should research? Thanks

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• PSAD Firewall/ UDP flood?

  - by Asad Moeen

  Well I'm actually trying to block a UDP Flood on the Application port because the string "getstatus" is causing my application to make large output due to a small input to the attacker's IP. I installed PSAD firewall to do the job. psad -S shows 3000,000 logged packets at the application port and top ports in Scan but does not block the IP of the attacker however other IP Addresses with small number of connections are dropped. I'm thinking that since output is also being made to the attacker, this is why its not getting blocked because iptables rate-limiting is also exactly doing the same thing and not blocking the IP where outgoing connection is also made. Any guesses why it won't work?

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• How can I share a video file during a webinar?

  - by Brien Malone

  Here is the scenario: I have a number of remote employees around the globe. I want to have a video chatting session. No problem there. Halfway through, I want to shut off all camera video feeds and simulcast (synchronous) a training video to my team. How do I do this? We have tried office communicator, but the frame rate was awful and no audio. Adobe Connect had similar trouble. In both cases we were limited by the main office's small internet pipe, but it is clear that video delivered by shared desktop is not a good solution.

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• Is a larger hard drive with the same cache, rpm, and bus type faster?

  - by Joel Coehoorn

  I recently heard that, all else being equal, larger hard are faster than smaller. It has to do with more bits passing under the read head as the drive spins - since a large drive packs the bits more tightly, the same amount of spin/time presents more data to the read head. I had not heard this before, and was inclined to believe the the read heads expected bits at a specific rate and would instead stagger data, so that the two drives would be the same speed. I now find myself looking at purchasing one of two computer models for the school where I work. One model has an 80GB drive, the other a 400GB (for ~$13 more). The size of the drive is immaterial, since users will keep their files on a file server where they can be backed up. But if the 400GB drive will really deliver a performance boost to the hard drive, the extra money is probably worth it. Thoughts?

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• Under what circumstances can/will a 10BASE-T device slow down a 100BASE-T or faster network?

  - by Fred Hamilton

  Suppose I have a 10BASE-T device, but everything else on my network is 100BASE-T or faster. When I attach the 10Mbit device, one of two things could happen: It could be passed through as 10BASE-T, making whatever it's connected to slow down to 10BASE-T, or It could be converted to a higher speed. I'm looking for all the plausible examples where #1 could happen; where attaching this 10Mbit device will slow down other traffic. I sorta think it can't happen - that as soon as it comes into contact with other traffic it has to get retimed to be inserted into the higher rate traffic (so no slowdown aside from the extra bits from the connection), and that when it's not contacting other traffic, who cares if it's only 10Mbit? Basically I'd like a better understanding of any impact of inserting a slow device into a fast ethernet network.

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• Windows 7 Laptops "unable to find logon server"

  - by tombull89

  In the school I work in we have a large number (500+) of Windows 7 laptops on a Meru Wireless system and Server 2008 R2 Servers. We have an appalingly large failure rate where a student or staff member tries to logon (to the laptop joined to the domain) and is met by "There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request". I've seen this question and this one and while removing and re-joining to the domain works, it's highly time consuming, irritating, and we (I) have more important things to concentrate on. The only MS KB article I can find is regarding a read-only domain controller (which ours isn't) and I'm at my wits end. Ultimately, is there a definitve cause and answer to this or am I stuck removing and re-joining the laptops?

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• How to statically configure DNS servers on a Cisco router when the WAN interface uses DHCP?

  - by Massimo

  I have a Cisco router (model 887VA, IOS 15.4) used to connect a LAN to the Internet via ADSL. The WAN interface uses DHCP: interface ATM0.1 point-to-point ip address dhcp I need the router to use a statically-defined DNS server for name resolution: ip name-server A.B.C.D However, the router insists on using the DNS servers supplied by the ISP via DHCP: Router#ping www.google.com Translating "www.google.com"...domain server (<ISP DNS>) [OK] Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 173.194.116.208, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/45/48 ms How can I tell the router to ignore the ISP-supplied DNS servers and only use the statically-configured one?

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• How can I limit the upload/download bandwidth on my CentOS server?

  - by Dan Nestor

  How can I limit the upload and download bandwidth on my CentOS server? This is a box with a single interface, eth0. Ideally, I would like a command-line solution (I've been trying to use tc), something that I could easily switch on and off in a script. So far I've been trying to do something like tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip prio 50 u32 police rate 100kbit burst 10240 drop but I'm obviously missing a lot of knowledge and information. Can somebody help with a quick one-liner? Many thanks, Dan

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• Sound entirely stopped working on Windows 8 on a Macbook Pro

  - by Kelvin Bongers

  I am currently running Windows 8 (downloaded from DreamSpark) on a Macbook Pro. This worked fine for a while but suddenly all audio stopped working. When I go to "Playback devices" and hit "Test" on the speakers I get treated with the following message: This also shows up right after I try restarting. I tried disallowing exclusive usage of the devices but it makes no difference. Edit: After some looking around I tried changing the sample rate and bit depth so I would get a dialog screen to force Windows to go around the program that's using it. I did get the dialog but then instead of changing it I got the following error: Edit 2: I narrowed it down to a single service failing to start, the Multimedia Class Scheduler service fails to start with the following error:

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• How to make ssh/rsync/etc use a VLAN network interface?

  - by Annan

  A company I work for has a number of virtual servers with ElasticHosts. They are setup in such a way that eth1 is on a private VLAN connecting them to each other. This is so backups sent between servers are not charged at the same rate as external data transfer. My understanding of how VLANs and network interfaces work is sketchy at best. How can I make ssh, rsync, etc. transfer data through the VLAN? My final solution: I spent a while trying to figure this out, For all servers involved, edit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes HWADDR=YOUR_MAC_ADDR IPADDR=192.168.0.100 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 Where HWADDR should already be set and the last octate of IPADDR should be different from each other. Then run, on all servers /etc/init.d/network restart After this the IP addresses specified by IPADDR can be used directly as any other IP address.

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• SCSI vs SATA? Is SCSI "actually" better?

  - by earlz

  Well, I was talking with a guy about servers the other day. I was a bit shocked whenever I asked him if there was any significant difference between SCSI and SATA and why he always uses SCSI. (note, I'm not sure if by SCSI he meant SAS) He told me that SCSI is always faster and that the drives are always more reliable.. I mean, this seems like a bold statement. He told me something about how SCSI will always be faster than SATA because the OS sends the SCSI (controller?) a request to get a file and it will build the file inside of the SCSI controller, instead of searching all over the disk.. which I do not understand how that would work, so I figure it is BS. SAS and SATA currently have equivalent data rate speeds.. Is there any true backing for his reasoning that SCSI is always faster and more reliable than SATA?

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• Samsung i780 networking problem

  - by Infinity

  Hello guys! Maybe this is not the right place to ask this, but I give a try for it. Please don't rate it down, just ignore it if you don't like. So I have a Samsung i780 mobile phone and I would like to use the internet through my wireless router. I have connected to it. I got an IP address. My laptop is also connected to the same wireless network and I can ping the mobile phone and I get answer. When I open the internet explorer and enter an address it says that it cannot connect to the internet. I have googled very much, but can't find the problem. What do you think, what is the solution?

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• VMware ESXi 4 On-Disk Data Deduplication - possible and supported?

  - by hurikhan77

  Environment: We are running multiple web, database, and application servers which usually share a pretty common installation (gentoo linux) and similar configuration in VMware ESXi 4. The differences are usually only some installed features or differing component versions. To create a new server, I usually choose the most similar (by features) running server, rsync a copy of it into freshly mounted filesystems, run grub, reconfigure and reboot. Problem: Over time this duplicates many on-disk data blocks which probably sums up to several 10's of gigabytes. I suppose if I could use a base system as template with the actual machines based on top of that, only writing changed blocks to some sort of "diff image", performance should improve (increased cache hit rate) and storage efficiency should increase (deduplicated storage space). This would be similar to what ESXi already supports for RAM deduplication (page sharing). Question: Is there any way to easily do this on ESXi 4? I already share the portage tree via NFS but this would not work for the rootfs.

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• How do companies know they've been hacked?

  - by Chad

  With the news of Google and others getting hacked, I was wondering how companies find out, detect, and/or know they've been hacked in the first place? Sure, if they find a virus/trojan on user's computers or see a very high access rate to parts of their system that don't usually see much, if any, traffic. But, from what I've see in articles, the attack was pretty 'sophisticated', so I wouldn't imagine the hackers would make it so obvious of their hacking in the first place. Maybe someone can enlighten me on current detection schemes/heuristics. Thanks.

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• obtaining nimbuzz server certificate for nmdecrypt expert in NetMon

  - by lurscher

  I'm using Network Monitor 3.4 with the nmdecrypt expert. I'm opening a nimbuzz conversation node in the conversation window and i click Expert- nmDecrpt - run Expert that shows up a window where i have to add the server certificate. I am not sure how to retrieve the server certificate for nimbuzz XMPP chat service. Any idea how to do this? this question is a follow up question of this one. Edit for some background so it might be that this is encrypted with the server pubkey and i cannot retrieve the message, unless i debug the native binary and try to intercept the encryption code. I have a test client (using agsXMPP) that is able to connect with nimbuzz with no problems. the only thing that is not working is adding invisible mode. It seems this is some packet sent from the official client during login which i want to obtain. any suggestions to try to grab this info would be greatly appreciated. Maybe i should get myself (and learn) IDA pro? This is what i get inspecting the TLS frames on Network Monitor: Frame: Number = 81, Captured Frame Length = 769, MediaType = ETHERNET + Ethernet: Etype = Internet IP (IPv4),DestinationAddress:[...],SourceAddress:[....] + Ipv4: Src = ..., Dest = 192.168.2.101, Next Protocol = TCP, Packet ID = 9939, Total IP Length = 755 - Tcp: Flags=...AP..., SrcPort=5222, DstPort=3578, PayloadLen=715, Seq=4101074854 - 4101075569, Ack=1127356300, Win=4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 SrcPort: 5222 DstPort: 3578 SequenceNumber: 4101074854 (0xF4716FA6) AcknowledgementNumber: 1127356300 (0x4332178C) + DataOffset: 80 (0x50) + Flags: ...AP... Window: 4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 Checksum: 0x8841, Good UrgentPointer: 0 (0x0) TCPPayload: SourcePort = 5222, DestinationPort = 3578 TLSSSLData: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Payload Data - TLS: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: Server Hello.; TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: Certificate.; TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake: Server Hello Done. - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 42 (0x2A) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake ServerHello(0x02) HandShakeType: ServerHello(0x02) Length: 38 (0x26) - ServerHello: 0x1 + Version: TLS 1.0 + RandomBytes: SessionIDLength: 0 (0x0) TLSCipherSuite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA { 0x00, 0x35 } CompressionMethod: 0 (0x0) - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 654 (0x28E) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake Certificate(0x0B) HandShakeType: Certificate(0x0B) Length: 650 (0x28A) - Cert: 0x1 CertLength: 647 (0x287) - Certificates: CertificateLength: 644 (0x284) - X509Cert: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: - TbsCertificate: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: + Tag0: + Version: (2) + SerialNumber: -1018418383 + Signature: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - RdnSequence: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceOfHeader: 0x1 + Name: NL + Name: Nimbuzz + Name: nimbuzz.com + Validity: From: 02/22/10 20:22:32 UTC To: 02/20/20 20:22:32 UTC + Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - SubjectPublicKeyInfo: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) + SequenceHeader: + Algorithm: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) - SubjectPublicKey: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 141, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 141 bytes BitString: + Tag3: + Extensions: - SignatureAlgorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - SequenceHeader: - AsnId: Sequence and SequenceOf types (Universal 16) + LowTag: - AsnLen: Length = 13, LengthOfLength = 0 Length: 13 bytes, LengthOfLength = 0 + Algorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Parameters: Null Value - Sha1WithRSAEncryption: Null Value + AsnNullHeader: - Signature: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 129, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 129 bytes BitString: + TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake:

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• Make SoX not show output

  - by Ram Rachum

  I'm recording with SoX, and I want to make it not show output at all. When recording, it shows this output: Input File : 'default' (waveaudio) Channels : 2 Sample Rate : 48000 Precision : 16-bit Sample Encoding: 16-bit Signed Integer PCM In:0.00% 00:00:00.68 [00:00:00.00] Out:28.7k [ | ] Clip:0 I tried setting verbosity to 0, but it has no effect. (I'm guessing it's meant for messages other than this.) I don't just want to hide the output, which I could do easily; I want SoX to not generate it in the first place, for performance on a weak computer.

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• Is Winpcap able to capture all packets going through a Gigabit NIC without missing any packets?

  - by Patrick L

  I want to use Winpcap to capture all network packets going through a Gigabit NIC of a server. Assuming that I am able to utilize the network link up to 100%, the maximum network speed is 1000Mbps. If we exclude the TCP/IP headers, the maximum TCP data rate should be roughly 940Mbps. Let's say I send a 1GB file through the NIC at 940Mbps using TCP destination port 6000. I use Winpcap to capture all network packets going through the NIC and then dump it to a pcap file. If I use Wireshark to analyze the pcap file and then check the sum of packet size for all network packets sent to TCP port 6000, am I able to get exactly 1GB from the pcap file? Thanks.

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• Howto maintain an EXT3 filesystem

  - by Reinoud van Santen

  Lately I had several servers which encountered a write error on an EXT3 filesystem and as a result of that remounted the filesystem read-only. Understandably on a production server this causes severe problems. On a reboot the filesystem where fixed but on large partitions this takes a lot of time. After the filesystem was fixed, correcting several errors, the server runs well again. What can I do to minimize the rate at which this happens? I can't seem to find much information on periodically checking the filesystem(s) on a running server. Is it possible to change the way in which EXT3 / the system handles write errors? What would be a sane solution. All servers which this is regarding to are running CentOS Linux 5.4 or 5.5.

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