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• How to correctly partition usb flash drive and which filesystem to choose considering wear leveling?

  - by random1

  Two problems. First one: how to partition the flash drive? I shouldn't need to do this, but I'm no longer sure if my partition is properly aligned since I was forced to delete and create a new partition table after gparted complained when I tried to format the drive from FAT to ext4. The naive answer would be to say "just use default and everything is going to be alright". However if you read the following links you'll know things are not that simple: https://lwn.net/Articles/428584/ and http://linux-howto-guide.blogspot.com/2009/10/increase-usb-flash-drive-write-speed.html Then there is also the issue of cylinders, heads and sectors. Currently I get this: $sfdisk -l -uM /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 30147 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Warning: The partition table looks like it was made for C/H/S=*/255/63 (instead of 30147/64/32). For this listing I'll assume that geometry. Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 30146 30146 30869504 83 Linux $fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 31.6 GB, 31611420672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3843 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00010c28 So from my current understanding I should align partitions at 4 MiB (currently it's at 1 MiB). But I still don't know how to set the heads and sectors properly for my device. Second problem: file system. From the benchmarks I saw ext4 provides the best performance, however there is the issue of wear leveling. How can I know that my Transcend JetFlash 700's microcontroller provides for wear leveling? Or will I just be killing my drive faster? I've seen a lot of posts on the web saying don't worry the newer drives already take care of that. But I've never seen a single piece of backed evidence of that and at some point people start mixing SSD with USB flash drives technology. The safe option would be to go for ext2, however a serious of tests that I performed showed horrible performance!!! These values are from a real scenario and not some synthetic test: 42 files: 3,429,415,284 bytes copied to flash drive original fat32: 15.1 MiB/s ext4 after new partition table: 10.2 MiB/s ext2 after new partition table: 1.9 MiB/s Please read the links that I posted above before answering. I would also be interested in answers backed up with some references because a lot is said and re-said but then it lacks facts. Thank you for the help.

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• High server load - [jbd2/md1-8] using 99.99% IO

  - by Alex

  I've been having spike in load over the last week. This usually occurs once or twice a day. I've managed to identify from iotop that [jbd2/md1-8] is using 99.99 % IO. During the high load times there is no high traffic to the server. Server specs are: AMD Opteron 8 core 16 GB RAM 2x2.000 GB 7.200 RPM HDD Software Raid 1 Cloudlinux + Cpanel Mysql is properly tuned Apart from the spikes, the load usually is around 0.80 at most. I've searched around but can't find what [jbd2/md1-8] does exactly. Has anyone had this problem or does anyone know a possible solution? Thank you. UPDATE: TIME TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 16:05:36 399 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 38.76 K/s 0.00 % 99.99 % [jbd2/md1-8]

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• OCZ Vertex 2 not recognized by Ubuntu installer

  - by Zsub

  As I boot into the Ubuntu 10.10 (or 11.04, doesn't matter) live environment or installer, it just refuses to recognise my Vertex 2. It reports the disk as ATA and not supporting smart, shows no serial number, and doesn't list the size correctly. All fdisk tells me is Unable to read /dev/sda (it's the only storage in the PC). I'm now running a temporary install of Windows 7 off of it, which worked like a charm, so where am I going wrong with Ubuntu... Specs: Asus M4N68T-M LE V2 (BIOS 0702, most recent) OCZ Vertex 2 SSD 60 GB Amd Athlon II X4 640 Patriot PSD34G13332 4GB DDR3 ram (two banks) EDIT I installed a second drive, installed Ubuntu on that and booted, it recognised the SSD just fine. I'm now trying to apt-get upgrade the live-environment. I wonder if there is any way to sort of install Ubuntu from Ubuntu (I boot into the working install on the other drive, install it on the SSD and then boot from the SSD). EDIT2 Ok, so that doesn't work. The install detects the SSD, however, it cannot format it. EDIT3 After a fresh boot I can read out SMART-data and even perform a read-benchmark, but if I try to format it, or do a write-bench, it'll crap out and after that it says SMART is not supported. So basically it seems I can't write to the disk, as it will stop working when I do, I will try to run repeated read-benchmarks to see if that has any effect. EDIT4 I'm running several read benchmarks on the drive right now, they give results that are to be expected from an SSD. If the read-benches don't fail, I can use fdisk on the disk, but it is now stuck trying to re-read the partition table after issueing the 'w' command. EDIT5 Parted Magic did recognize the drive and with hdparm -I even could tell me the drive was in a frozen state. I powercycled it (just pull out the plug from the SSD and plug it back in) and it wasn't frozen anymore. After that I could upgrade the firmware on the drive (still using Parted Magic) and format it to Ext4. After I rebooted into the Ubuntu installer, it wouldn't get recognized and hdparm didn't want to talk to it saying HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Invalid exchange. EDIT6 For some reason if I enable one of the RAID controllers (the one the SSD is connected to, obviously) Ubuntu will let me format it, mount it and write to it. The installer also recognizes it. However if the raid controller is enabled but no array is defined the motherboard can't boot from it :(

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• Gigabyte GA-P55A-UD4P won't boot from USB drive with RAID enabled

  - by Daniel Schaffer

  I've got a Windows 7 installation image on my USB hard drive, which is set up to be bootable. I know it works because I've used it on several computers, and it works on the computer I'm trying to install as long as the RAID controller is disabled. However, when I enable the RAID controller and attempt to boot from the USB driver, it hangs for 30-60 seconds and then gives me the "disk boot failure, insert system disk" error like it can't find any OS. Just for laughs, I disabled the RAID controller again and it booted fine. I'm having separate, unrelated issues burning a dvd with the ISO, so I would prefer to get this working.

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• Postfix performance

  - by Brian G

  Running postfix on ubuntu, sending alot of mail ( ~ 1 million messages ) per day. loads are extremly high but not much in terms of cpu and memory load. Anyone in a similiar situation and know how to remove the bottleneck? All mail on this server is outbound. I would have to assume the bottleneck is disk. Just an update, here is what iostat looks like: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 0.00 0.12 99.88 0.00 0.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 12.38 0.00 2.48 0.00 118.81 48.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb 1.49 22.28 72.28 42.57 629.70 1041.58 14.55 135.56 834.31 8.71 100.00 Are these numbers in line with the performance you would expect from a single disk? sdb is dedicated to postfix. I think it is queue shuffling, from incoming-active-deferred More details from questions: Server: Quad core Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GH with 4 GB ram Load average: 464.88, 489.11, 483.91, 4 cores. but the memory utilization and cpu is minimal Postfix instances between 16 - 32

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• Receiving Event ID: 10107, Hyper-V -VMMS

  - by Stargaten

  We are using physical disk on two of Guest operating systems. Is this a know issue? Do we need to have DPM 2010? "One or more physical disks are attached to virtual machine 'Myserver'. Back up programs that use the Hyper-V VSS writer cannot back up volumes that are attached to virtual machines as physical disks. To avoid potential data loss, use another method to back up the data on the physical disks. If you restore the data on this virtual machine, make sure to check the data of the physical disk for integrity. (Virtual machine ID 8EF3C0CB-967D-4D67-B4D8-7B782C7AC07C)"

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• Corrupt file indicative of corrupt hard drive?

  - by Elipsicon

  I have noticed that two files on my (almost full) 2 TB hard drive have been corrupted. One file has 20 kB (!) corrupted, i.e. consecutive 20 kB have changed, even though the modification date of the file hasn't changed and I haven't worked with this file for over a year. This tells me that something "below" the file system level has messed with the data and the only thing I can think of is hardware failure, most likely hard disk failure. I've tested my RAM already and it works flawlessly. I'm using ext4 on Linux, if that is of any help. Is this normal? Is it time to change my hard drive disk before something worse happens? What can I do to prevent that from happening in the future? Is there some built-in feature of, or extension to ext4 that includes additional error correcting code and/or watches files for changes that haven't been caused by the OS?

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• How do I recover from a Linux CentOS 4.6 Operating System Crash

  - by Greg Omebije

  Our x86 Linux server running CentOS4.6 has crashed. The machine boots only to the Grub prompt. We have tried using the "rescue mode" to recover the System, but it hasn't worked. How can we fix this problem, so that the machine boots normally? How can we fix this problem to the point were we can recover our files from the server Our Linux Server Configuration: Dell PowerEdge 1950 Intel Xeon 2 HDD (146GB each) 4GB RAM Hardware and Software raid setup CentOS 4.6 We used Sysrecord to boot the computer: the following are the output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 293.3 GB, 292326211584 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 35539 Cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000080 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 17769 142625070 8e Linux LVM

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• read data on ntfs partition - ubuntu

  - by albert green

  Hi, I had a win xp with an NTFS partion for programs (c:) and I installed ubuntu 10.10 on it. I will use ubuntu from now on. On the disk there was a space for the NTFS partition and free space. I created in the free space a new linux partition. So the new linux partition is a ext3. now from ubuntu I used the disk utility and saw that the windows is marked as free space. I had only one possibility, which is to create a partition, so I did as NTFS. I did NOT format it. I don't care about the windows system, I just need to access the program files folder on that partition and get my chrome bookmarks. I forgot to save them before the installation of linux. do you think it is possible? if so how? thanks.

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• Cannot boot to HDD or Optical when Motherboard in AHCI mode

  - by Shevek

  I have an Abit AB9 QuadGT motherboard and am trying to swap over to AHCI mode. I have an existing Windows 7 installation which was installed under IDE mode. I have set the msahci registry setting to 0. When I try to boot in AHCI mode I get "DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND PRESS ENTER". I have tried booting with my Win 7 DVD in the optical drive. There is 1 SSD (System), 1 HDD (Data) and 2 optical drives connected via SATA If I switch back to IDE mode everything boots fine, either from the SSD or from a CD or DVD in the optical drive. Why can't I use AHCI mode?

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• Configuring Backup Exec 2012 using USB hard drives as media

  - by SydxPages

  I have found some information on this but have not found the exact answers to these questions. Background I have installed backup exec 2012 (with agents for databases) I have configured a storage pool, with 2 USB drives (1TB) The backups are configured to backup to one of the 2 drives (depending on which one is connected) I have 2 questions: How do I get Backup Exec to tell me which disk to insert? I have used tapes before and it told me then which tape to use? I was hoping this was available for disks too. (Whilst there are only 2 at the moment, there will be more). And then how do I get Backup Exec to delete old backups when the disk if full.

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• Best alternatives to recover lost directories in FAT32 external hard drive?

  - by Sergio

  Hi: I have an 320 GB ADATA CH91 external hard drive. I guess it has some problems with the connector of the USB jack. The point is that in certain occasions it fails in write operations generating data losses. Right now I lost a directory with several GB's of very useful information. Since then I have not attempted to write to the disk any more. What tool would you recommend to recover the lost data? The disk is FAT32 formatted (only one partition) and I use both Linux and Windows. What filesystem format would you recommend to avoid future data losses? I currently only use this external hard drive in Linux so there are several available choices (FAT, NTFS, ext3, ext4, reiser, etc.). Regards, Sergio

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• Boot from VHD with windows7 - bcdedit trouble

  - by Michiel Overeem

  I'm running Windows7 Enterprise, x64 version. I've created a windows7 vhd file with help of the following blog post hanselman blog After that, I've added it to my boot menu with help of another blog post hanselman blog This worked great. After that, i've upgraded my hdd. With help of clonezilla i've copied the old disk to the new disk. Next step was to copy the vhd to another partition. Then i updated the boot menu. However, the step C:\>bcdedit /set {guid} device vhd=[driveletter:]\<directory>\<vhd filename> fails with the message An error has occurred setting the element data. The request is not supported. what is happening?

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• 3ware RAID in Windows 7

  - by scribbles

  Just moved a 3ware 9500S-8 raid card and a few drives from my linux box into my win7 box. Windows Updates picked up the 3ware driver and installed it. After a reboot I checked Disk Management and it shows the array as one solid drive with the correct size. The only issue is that its not assigned a drive letter and when I right click on it my only option is to Convert to Dynamic Disk... From what I've read this is not something I want to do. What are my options?

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• Adaptec 5805 after reboot don't starting

  - by Rakedko ShotGuns

  After rebooting the system, the controller is not included. It only works if the computer is shut down and turn off. Late i update firmware "Adaptec RAID 5805 Firmware Build 18948" How to fix the problem? add Log Configuration summary Server name.....................raid_test Adaptec Storage Manager agent...7.31.00 (18856) Adaptec Storage Manager console.7.31.00 (18856) Number of controllers...........1 Operating system................Windows Configuration information for controller 1 ------------------------------------------------------- Type............................Controller Model...........................Adaptec 5805 Controller number...............1 Physical slot...................2 Installed memory size...........512 MB Serial number...................8C4510C6C9E Boot ROM........................5.2-0 (18948) Firmware........................5.2-0 (18948) Device driver...................5.2-0 (16119) Controller status...............Optimal Battery status..................Charging Battery temperature.............Normal Battery charge amount (%).......37 Estimated charge remaining......0 days, 16 hours, 12 minutes Background consistency check....Disabled Copy back.......................Disabled Controller temperature..........Normal (40C / 104F) Default logical drive task priorityHigh Performance mode................Dynamic Number of logical devices.......1 Number of hot-spare drives......0 Number of ready drives..........0 Number of drive(s) assigned to MaxCache cache0 Maximum drives allowed for MaxCache cache8 MaxCache Read Cache Pool Size...0 GB NCQ status......................Enabled Stay awake status...............Disabled Internal drive spinup limit.....0 External drive spinup limit.....0 Phy 0...........................No device attached Phy 1...........................No device attached Phy 2...........................No device attached Phy 3...........................1.50 Gb/s Phy 4...........................No device attached Phy 5...........................No device attached Phy 6...........................No device attached Phy 7...........................No device attached Statistics version..............2.0 SSD Cache size..................0 Pages on fetch list.............0 Fetch list candidates...........0 Candidate replacements..........0 69319...........................31293 Logical device..................0 Logical device name............. RAID level......................Simple volume Data space......................148,916 GB Date created....................09/19/2012 Interface type..................Serial ATA State...........................Optimal Read-cache mode.................Enabled Preferred MaxCache read cache settingEnabled Actual MaxCache read cache setting Disabled Write-cache mode................Enabled (write-back) Write-cache setting.............Enabled (write-back) Partitioned.....................Yes Protected by hot spare..........No Bootable........................Yes Bad stripes.....................No Power Status....................Disabled Power State.....................Active Reduce RPM timer................Never Power off timer.................Never Verify timer....................Never Segment 0.......................Present: controller 1, connector 0, device 0, S/N 9RX3KZMT Overall host IOs................99075 Overall MB......................4411203 DRAM cache hits.................71929 SSD cache hits..................0 Uncached IOs....................29239 Overall disk failures...........0 DRAM cache full hits............71929 DRAM cache fetch / flush wait...0 DRAM cache hybrid reads.........3476 DRAM cache flushes..............-- Read hits.......................0 Write hits......................0 Valid Pages.....................0 Updates on writes...............0 Invalidations by large writes...0 Invalidations by R/W balance....0 Invalidations by replacement....0 Invalidations by other..........0 Page Fetches....................0 0...............................0 73..............................10822 8...............................3 46138...........................4916 27184...........................15226 20875...........................323 16982...........................1771 1563............................5317 1948............................2969 Serial attached SCSI ----------------------- Type............................Disk drive Vendor..........................Unknown Model...........................ST3160815AS Serial Number...................9RX3KZMT Firmware level..................3.AAD Reported channel................0 Reported SCSI device ID.........0 Interface type..................Serial ATA Size............................149,05 GB Negotiated transfer speed.......1.50 Gb/s State...........................Optimal S.M.A.R.T. error................No Write-cache mode................Write back Hardware errors.................0 Medium errors...................0 Parity errors...................0 Link failures...................0 Aborted commands................0 S.M.A.R.T. warnings.............0 Solid-state disk (non-spinning).false MaxCache cache capable..........false MaxCache cache assigned.........false NCQ status......................Enabled Phy 0...........................1.50 Gb/s Power State.....................Full rpm Supported power states..........Full rpm, Powered off 0x01............................113 0x03............................98 0x04............................99 0x05............................100 0x07............................83 0x09............................75 0x0A............................100 0x0C............................99 0xBB............................100 0xBD............................100 0xBE............................61 0xC2............................39 0xC3............................69 0xC5............................100 0xC6............................100 0xC7............................200 0xC8............................100 0xCA............................100 Aborted commands................0 Link failures...................0 Medium errors...................0 Parity errors...................0 Hardware errors.................0 SMART errors....................0 End of the configuration information for controller 1 List item

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• Upgrade to Genuine Windows 8 Pro from non genuine Windows 7

  - by mark

  I have a computer with non-genuine windows 7 (cracked with windows loader). I was thinking of buying / upgrading to Windows 8 Pro. I ran Windows8-UpgradeAssistant.exe and was said that I can upgrade to Windows 8 Pro. Can I perform a clean upgrade (format and install) from my current windows 7 to windows 8? In future, in order to re-install Windows 8 do I need to re-install the non-genuine Windows 7 and install on top of it? If my hard disk crash, or I want to install on a new hard disk (clean install), do I need to install windows 7 again before upgrading to Windows 8? If I don't like Windows 8, can I downgrade to Windows 7 genuine?

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• Linux buffer cache effect on IO writes?

  - by Patrick LeBoutillier

  I'm copying large files (3 x 30G) between 2 filesystems on a Linux server (kernel 2.6.37, 16 cores, 32G RAM) and I'm getting poor performance. I suspect that the usage of the buffer cache is killing the I/O performance. To try and narrow down the problem I used fio directly on the SAS disk to monitor the performance. Here is the output of 2 fio runs (the first with direct=1, the second one direct=0): Config: [test] rw=write blocksize=32k size=20G filename=/dev/sda # direct=1 Run 1: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/205M /s] [0/6K iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4667 write: io=20,480MB, bw=199MB/s, iops=6,381, runt=102698msec clat (usec): min=104, max=13,388, avg=152.06, stdev=72.43 bw (KB/s) : min=192448, max=213824, per=100.01%, avg=204232.82, stdev=4084.67 cpu : usr=3.37%, sys=16.55%, ctx=655410, majf=0, minf=29 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 250=99.50%, 500=0.45%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=199MB/s, minb=204MB/s, maxb=204MB/s, mint=102698msec, maxt=102698msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/655238, merge=0/0, ticks=0/79552, in_queue=78640, util=76.55% Run 2: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/0K /s] [0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4733 write: io=20,480MB, bw=91,265KB/s, iops=2,852, runt=229786msec clat (usec): min=16, max=127K, avg=349.53, stdev=4694.98 bw (KB/s) : min=56013, max=1390016, per=101.47%, avg=92607.31, stdev=167453.17 cpu : usr=0.41%, sys=6.93%, ctx=21128, majf=0, minf=33 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 20=5.53%, 50=93.89%, 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12% lat (msec): 100=0.38%, 250=0.04% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=91,265KB/s, minb=93,455KB/s, maxb=93,455KB/s, mint=229786msec, maxt=229786msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=8/79811, merge=7/7721388, ticks=9/32418456, in_queue=32471983, util=98.98% I'm not knowledgeable enough with fio to interpret the results, but I don't expect the overall performance using the buffer cache to be 50% less than with O_DIRECT. Can someone help me interpret the fio output? Are there any kernel tunings that could fix/minimize the problem? Thanks a lot,

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• how to i lock a Harddrive to a certain drive letter

  - by Memor-X

  i have an external hard drive that i have set to Drive F which on it contains some programs that i have shortcuts on the desktop how i have a second external hard drive which i store my music on which is auto assigned to Drive E, due to someone thinking that Australians love to have f** wings on power plugs for hard drives while power boards have each socket close together i can have both of these hard drives set at the same time my music hard drive i normally only plug up when i sync music to my ipod but on occasion when i unplug my music hard drive and plug my old one back in or at times when i turn on my computer with the music hard drive in, turn off my computer and turn it back on with my old hard drive it's drive letter gets switched to E i get annoyed having to always go into disk management and change the drive letter back to F when this happens so i am wondering if I can lock my hard drive to always be F, if anything else tries to be F it can fail for all i care If there is a batch file i can use that'll go though all the steps of Disk Management to change a drive's letter, that way i can set it up in the startup folder

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• Windows boots to Black Screen of Death — Is my HDD faulty?

  - by Flynn1179

  My wife's PC suddenly stopped booting up properly. It gets as far as the Windows 'loading' screen with the bar scrolling away, but that's as far as it gets for some time, then suddenly flashes up a BSoD barely long enough to see, then the display cuts out. We've got identical PCs, and after swapping components, I established that my PC suffers the same problem if I swap in the HDD. Even if I plug hers in as a second HDD on my machine, it still does the same thing, even though it's booting from mine. I can't even boot her machine from CD or DVD either, so I couldn't even use a recovery disc. I did manage to partially boot my PC into safe mode with the other HDD attached, and it got as far as loading 'crcdisk.sys' and froze. Anybody know what could be wrong with it, or at least how I can get the data off the disk? I'm assuming there's still data on the disk, given that it at least shows me the vista 'loading' screen.

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• Why do I have multiple drives in my backup system image?

  - by bebop

  I have a drive which has 2 partitions. One is where the OS is installed, the other is a data (but not libraries) drive. When I try and create a backup using the built in tool, it wants to include both partitions in the system image. Why does it do this? If I move the os to a separate drive will I be able to back up just this data? Edit: To be more clear. I have 4 disks in the machine. 1 disc has 2 partitions. These are c: and e:, the other disks are d: f: and h:. The OS is installed on c: and libraries are stored on h:. The libraries are already backed up using crashplan, but I want to create a system image so I can easily restore the machine, if it either dies or if I get a SSD drive. When I choose backup (either through the wizard or if I open it through control panel) and check (or click) create a system image it automatically adds both c: and e: to the list of drives that will be backed up, and I cannot change this, the checkboxes to unselect are greyed out. I would like to know why it automatically adds e: to the list (but not h:, where the libraries are) and if I can change some setting so whatever files it has on e: that it thinks need to be backed up as part of the system image are moved to c:. How can I determine what they are? Is it because c: and e: are partitions of the same disk? If I move c: tro a different disk will that mean I only have to back up c:? Thanks Edit 2: I have viewed all files including hidden and system ones on both drives and it seems that I have a suspicous hidden e:\boot\ folder. I think that I might have installed the OS as a VHD at first then installed a seperate version straight on the disk, having dual boot for a while, then used EasyBCD to remove the VHD boot and file. Might this be what is causing my issue? How might I go about removing this? is it safe to just delete the boot folder?

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• Reset Mac OS X (Snow Leopard) File Permissions -- All Files

  - by Frank

  Is their a script or process completely reset all file system file permissions to factory default? (Less restoring from a image backup or reinstalling the OS). This would include I've affected all files from / to Applications and home folder and all contents. (Everything) I've tried to use the Disk Utility's First Aid 'Repair Disk Permissions' but it didn't seem to touch or affect everything - some but not all. I've ran it twice so far... I've seen this but it's not quite the something. Fixing mac user file permissions, not the system The reason for all of this is I accidentally ran a chmod on all files (as sudo). Working too fast, now I'm in a hole.

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• What would happen in a Software Raid 1 of one HDD and one SSD?

  - by Adrian Grigore

  Hi, I'm running my Windows 7 installation and all of my apps from an SSD for performance reasons. Since SSD's can instantly die at any moment, I'm looking for some kind of data backup strategy. Right Now I regularly backing up the drive image on a hard disk, but that only happens once per day, which is not enough for my taste. So I got an idea: What if I created a software raid 1 of the SSD and partition on my Hard disk? All data would be mirrored on both drives, making this a lot safer. But what about performance? Will Windows 7 detect that the SSD is faster than the hard drive and always read from the SSD? Or will it randomly read from both, thus reducing read performance? Thanks, Adrian Edit: I just found this article which basically answers my question. Feel free to close this post.

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• System and active partitions, and "System Reserved"

  - by a2h

  Upon trying a 3rd party bootloader (loaded from a disc), and trying to boot into my partition "Windows 7", I get "BOOTMGR is missing, Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart". But ordinary booting works fine. So I'm thinking, that perhaps it's because of my partitions. Upon opening "Disk Management", I notice out of my partitions, "System Reserved", "Windows 7" and "Documents", "Documents" is marked as both System and Active. I've looked into what an active partition is, and what "System Reserved" is for, so I'm thinking - should I mark "System Reserved" as active? The problem is, all images of Disk Management depicting "System Reserved" have it with both System and Active attributes, and so I am unsure on what to do, and also on why my "Documents" partition even is marked with System and Active.

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• Cannot boot from USB on my Mac mini

  - by Thai Tran

  Two weeks ago I installed OSX 10.8 on my Mac mini. After that, my system started to hang a lot, so I tried to erase it and install OSX 10.7 again. I used carbon Copy Cloner to make the bootable USB and it can load successfully on another Macbook. However, on my Mac mini, when I press on the option button to select the USB, it loads the white screen with a ban symbol at the center of the screen. After a moment, my machine automatically shuts down. Does anyone know how to solve this problem? Edit: this is exactly the problem I have now http://forums.macrumors.com/archive/index.php/t-1207168.html Update 1: the hdd seems ok (from disk utility). I restored the booting partition by disk utility (drag the dmg file to that partition). After restarting and using that partition to boot, prohibited symbol is still there

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• How can I stop sysprep from interacting with boot on windows 7

  - by Grofit

  I have recently had a laptop sent back to supplier for fixing a mainboard fault. I got it back today and every time it boots up I am faced with: "Setup is preparing windows for first time use" Then once it gets to the desktop I get the sysprep dialog come up asking if I want OOBC or Audit actions. I can close it, but it just keeps coming back, and I cannot find any startup or boot actions, even downloaded autoruns, and that cannot find anything to do with it. Ideally I do not want to format/fdisk as I have just spent hours installing everything on the laptop and I have my primary C:/ which has all windows and at worst case I can get rid of that, but I have a secondary partition D:/ which has alot of stuff I cant lose as its work related and important. Also to make matters more difficult I do not have a windows 7 disk, it was just pre-installed and they dont provide a disk. Any help would be great!

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