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  • PHP - Plus sign with GET query

    - by Nate Shoffner
    I have a PHP script that does basic encryption of a string through the method below: <?php $key = 'secretkey'; $string = $_GET['str']; if ($_GET['method'] == "decrypt") { $output = rtrim(mcrypt_decrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, md5($key), base64_decode($string), MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, md5(md5($key))), "\0"); } if ($_GET['method'] == "encrypt") { $output= base64_encode(mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, md5($key), $string, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, md5(md5($key)))); } echo $output; ?> An example of a URL to encrypt a string would look like this: Encrypt.php?method=encrypt&str=the quick fox Which would return this as the encrypted string: LCuT/ieVa6cl3/4VtzE+jd9QPT3kvHYYJFqG6tY3P0Q= Now to decrypt the string all you have to do is change the "method" query to "decrypt", like so: Encrypt.php?method=decrypt&str=LCuT/ieVa6cl3/4VtzE+jd9QPT3kvHYYJFqG6tY3P0Q= The only problem is that when that encrypted string is decrypted it returns this: ¬ƒ§rYV}̳5Äš·nßì(ñïX8Þ;b I have narrowed down the problem to the plus sign that is in the encrypted string. PHP's GET method seems to translate a plus sign into a blank space. I have searched this bug and found out that it has already been filed here. I have tried different methods listed on that page and others with no success. The closest I got is by using this: $fixedstring = str_replace(" ", "+", $string); and then using $fixedstring in the encryption methods, the problem is, upon decryption, all blank spaces are converted to plus signs. Any ideas?

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  • mcrypt_decrypt return strange code

    - by Jin Yong
    I tried to encrypt an array then decrypt it back to string by calling a function, it's seem return the correct value if I does all encrypt and decrypt at once time in the function, however, if I return the encrypt value, then call the function again to decrypt it will return me some strange code. Exmaple: public main() { $dataArray = array("one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3); $a = $this->encryptDecryptInfo(json_encode($dataArray),$this->key); var_dump($a); } public function encryptDecryptInfo($text,$key) { $iv = mcrypt_create_iv(mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $text= base64_encode(mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $key, $text, MCRYPT_MODE_CFB, $iv)); return mcrypt_decrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $key, base64_decode($text), MCRYPT_MODE_CFB, $iv); } This will return me the correct value which is string(27) "{"one":1,"two":2,"three":3}" Exmaple 2: public main() { $dataArray = array("one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3); $a = $this->encryptDecryptInfo(json_encode($dataArray),$this->key,"encrypt"); $b = $this->encryptDecryptInfo($a,$this->key,"decrypt"); var_dump($b); } public function encryptDecryptInfo($text,$key,$type) { $iv = mcrypt_create_iv(mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, MCRYPT_MODE_CFB), MCRYPT_RAND); if($type == "encrypt") return base64_encode(mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $key, $text, MCRYPT_MODE_CFB, $iv)); else return mcrypt_decrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $key, base64_decode($text), MCRYPT_MODE_CFB, $iv); } However if I do my code in this way, it will return me strange value which is like this string(27) "?ÔérôŸY éXgíœÈÐN*é౜CµÖ" .Deos anyone know why this is happen?

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  • Java Box Class: Unsolvable: aligning components to the left or right

    - by user323186
    I have been trying to left align buttons contained in a Box to the left, with no success. They align left alright, but for some reason dont shift all the way left as one would imagine. I attach the code below. Please try compiling it and see for yourself. Seems bizarre to me. Thanks, Eric import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import javax.swing.Box; import javax.swing.BoxLayout; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFileChooser; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JMenu; import javax.swing.JMenuBar; import javax.swing.JMenuItem; import javax.swing.JScrollPane; import javax.swing.JTextArea; public class MainGUI extends Box implements ActionListener{ //Create GUI Components Box centerGUI=new Box(BoxLayout.X_AXIS); Box bottomGUI=new Box(BoxLayout.X_AXIS); //centerGUI subcomponents JTextArea left=new JTextArea(), right=new JTextArea(); JScrollPane leftScrollPane = new JScrollPane(left), rightScrollPane = new JScrollPane(right); //bottomGUI subcomponents JButton encrypt=new JButton("Encrypt"), decrypt=new JButton("Decrypt"), close=new JButton("Close"), info=new JButton("Info"); //Create Menubar components JMenuBar menubar=new JMenuBar(); JMenu fileMenu=new JMenu("File"); JMenuItem open=new JMenuItem("Open"), save=new JMenuItem("Save"), exit=new JMenuItem("Exit"); int returnVal =0; public MainGUI(){ super(BoxLayout.Y_AXIS); initCenterGUI(); initBottomGUI(); initFileMenu(); add(centerGUI); add(bottomGUI); addActionListeners(); } private void addActionListeners() { open.addActionListener(this); save.addActionListener(this); exit.addActionListener(this); encrypt.addActionListener(this); decrypt.addActionListener(this); close.addActionListener(this); info.addActionListener(this); } private void initFileMenu() { fileMenu.add(open); fileMenu.add(save); fileMenu.add(exit); menubar.add(fileMenu); } public void initCenterGUI(){ centerGUI.add(leftScrollPane); centerGUI.add(rightScrollPane); } public void initBottomGUI(){ bottomGUI.setAlignmentX(LEFT_ALIGNMENT); //setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLACK)); bottomGUI.add(encrypt); bottomGUI.add(decrypt); bottomGUI.add(close); bottomGUI.add(info); } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { // find source of the action Object source=arg0.getSource(); //if action is of such a type do the corresponding action if(source==close){ kill(); } else if(source==open){ //CHOOSE FILE File file1 =chooseFile(); String input1=readToString(file1); System.out.println(input1); left.setText(input1); } else if(source==decrypt){ //decrypt everything in Right Panel and output in left panel decrypt(); } else if(source==encrypt){ //encrypt everything in left panel and output in right panel encrypt(); } else if(source==info){ //show contents of info file in right panel doInfo(); } else { System.out.println("Error"); //throw new UnimplementedActionException(); } } private void doInfo() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } private void encrypt() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } private void decrypt() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } private String readToString(File file) { FileReader fr = null; try { fr = new FileReader(file); } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(fr); String line = null; try { line = br.readLine(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } String input=""; while(line!=null){ input=input+"\n"+line; try { line=br.readLine(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return input; } private File chooseFile() { //Create a file chooser final JFileChooser fc = new JFileChooser(); returnVal = fc.showOpenDialog(fc); return fc.getSelectedFile(); } private void kill() { System.exit(0); } public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub MainGUI test=new MainGUI(); JFrame f=new JFrame("Tester"); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setJMenuBar(test.menubar); f.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(600,400)); //f.setUndecorated(true); f.add(test); f.pack(); f.setVisible(true); } }

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  • Verify p2p node

    - by mazzzzz
    Hey guys, I have been working on a p2p namespace for some of my programs. I created a system to encrypt/decrypt the packets send/received with the class. I was using the basic public private key system: 1) encrypt the data with Symmetric encryption 2) encrypt the symmetric key with RSA. Then do the opposite when you decrypted.. I was wondering though, how would you verify if the packet was coming from where it said it was. I was going to use a basic certificate system (where you encrypt with your private RSA key, then they decrypt it with your public key), but I don't know how to do this with C#. I am using the RSACryptoServiceProvider class. Does anyone know how do this? Thanks, Max

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  • Ubuntu 12.04 doesn't recgonize m CPU correctly

    - by Nightshaxx
    My computer is running ubuntu 12.04 (64bit), and I have a AMD Athlon(tm) X4 760K Quad Core Processor which is about 3.8ghz (and an Radeon HD 7770 GPU). Yet, when I type in cat /proc/cpuinfo - I get: processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 21 model : 19 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) X4 760K Quad Core Processor stepping : 1 microcode : 0x6001119 cpu MHz : 1800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 16 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes xsave avx f16c lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs xop skinit wdt lwp fma4 tce nodeid_msr tbm topoext perfctr_core arat cpb hw_pstate npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold bmi1 bogomips : 7599.97 TLB size : 1536 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm 100mhzsteps hwpstate cpb eff_freq_ro processor : 1 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 21 model : 19 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) X4 760K Quad Core Processor stepping : 1 microcode : 0x6001119 cpu MHz : 1800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 17 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes xsave avx f16c lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs xop skinit wdt lwp fma4 tce nodeid_msr tbm topoext perfctr_core arat cpb hw_pstate npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold bmi1 bogomips : 7599.97 TLB size : 1536 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm 100mhzsteps hwpstate cpb eff_freq_ro processor : 2 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 21 model : 19 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) X4 760K Quad Core Processor stepping : 1 microcode : 0x6001119 cpu MHz : 1800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 2 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 18 initial apicid : 2 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes xsave avx f16c lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs xop skinit wdt lwp fma4 tce nodeid_msr tbm topoext perfctr_core arat cpb hw_pstate npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold bmi1 bogomips : 7599.97 TLB size : 1536 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm 100mhzsteps hwpstate cpb eff_freq_ro processor : 3 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 21 model : 19 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) X4 760K Quad Core Processor stepping : 1 microcode : 0x6001119 cpu MHz : 1800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 3 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 19 initial apicid : 3 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes xsave avx f16c lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs xop skinit wdt lwp fma4 tce nodeid_msr tbm topoext perfctr_core arat cpb hw_pstate npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold bmi1 bogomips : 7599.97 TLB size : 1536 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm 100mhzsteps hwpstate cpb eff_freq_ro The important part of all this being, cpu MHz : 1800.000 which indicates that I have only 1.8ghz of processing power, which is totally wrong. Is it something with drivers or Ubuntu?? Also, will windows recognize all of my processing power? Thanks! (NOTE: My cpu doesn't have intigrated graphics

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  • How can I forward ALL traffic over a site-to-site VPN on Cisco ASA?

    - by Scott Clements
    Hi There, I currently have two Cisco ASA 5100 routers. They are at different physical sites and are configured with a site-to-site VPN which is active and working. I can communicate with the subnets on either site from the other and both are connected to the internet, however I need to ensure that all the traffic at my remote site goes through this VPN to my site here. I know that the web traffic is doing so as a "tracert" confirms this, but I need to ensure that all other network traffic is being directed over this VPN to my network here. Here is my config for the ASA router at my remote site: hostname ciscoasa domain-name xxxxx enable password 78rl4MkMED8xiJ3g encrypted names ! interface Ethernet0/0 nameif NIACEDC security-level 100 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/1 description External Janet Connection nameif JANET security-level 0 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.248 ! interface Ethernet0/2 shutdown no nameif security-level 100 no ip address ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown no nameif security-level 100 ip address dhcp setroute ! interface Management0/0 nameif management security-level 100 ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 management-only ! passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted ftp mode passive clock timezone GMT/BST 0 clock summer-time GMT/BDT recurring last Sun Mar 1:00 last Sun Oct 2:00 dns domain-lookup NIACEDC dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server 154.32.105.18 name-server 154.32.107.18 domain-name XXXX same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface access-list ren_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list ren_access_in extended permit tcp any any access-list ren_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 access-list NIACEDC_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 access-list JANET_20_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 access-list NIACEDC_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list NIACEDC_access_in extended permit tcp any any access-list JANET_access_out extended permit ip any any access-list NIACEDC_access_out extended permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu NIACEDC 1500 mtu JANET 1500 mtu management 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-522.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 nat-control global (NIACEDC) 1 interface global (JANET) 1 interface nat (NIACEDC) 0 access-list NIACEDC_nat0_outbound nat (NIACEDC) 1 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 access-group NIACEDC_access_in in interface NIACEDC access-group NIACEDC_access_out out interface NIACEDC access-group JANET_access_out out interface JANET route JANET 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 194.82.121.82 1 route JANET 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.248 tunneled timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute http server enable http 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 NIACEDC http 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 management http 192.168.9.0 255.255.255.0 NIACEDC no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto map JANET_map 20 match address JANET_20_cryptomap crypto map JANET_map 20 set pfs crypto map JANET_map 20 set peer X.X.X.X crypto map JANET_map 20 set transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map JANET_map interface JANET crypto isakmp enable JANET crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 30 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 50 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 5 lifetime 86400 tunnel-group X.X.X.X type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group X.X.X.X ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd address 192.168.100.2-192.168.100.254 management dhcpd enable management ! ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect http ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context no asdm history enable Thanks in advance, Scott

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  • How can a data ellipse be superimposed on a ggplot2 scatterplot?

    - by Radu
    Hi, I have an R function which produces 95% confidence ellipses for scatterplots. The output looks like this, having a default of 50 points for each ellipse (50 rows): [,1] [,2] [1,] 0.097733810 0.044957994 [2,] 0.084433494 0.050337990 [3,] 0.069746783 0.054891438 I would like to superimpose a number of such ellipses for each level of a factor called 'site' on a ggplot2 scatterplot, produced from this command: > plat1 <- ggplot(mapping=aes(shape=site, size=geom), shape=factor(site)); plat1 + geom_point(aes(x=PC1.1,y=PC2.1)) This is run on a dataset, called dflat which looks like this: site geom PC1.1 PC2.1 PC3.1 PC1.2 PC2.2 1 Buhlen 1259.5649 -0.0387975838 -0.022889782 0.01355317 0.008705276 0.02441577 2 Buhlen 653.6607 -0.0009398704 -0.013076251 0.02898955 -0.001345149 0.03133990 The result is fine, but when I try to add the ellipse (let's say for this one site, called "Buhlen"): > plat1 + geom_point(aes(x=PC1.1,y=PC2.1)) + geom_path(data=subset(dflat, site="Buhlen"),mapping=aes(x=ELLI(PC1.1,PC2.1)[,1],y=ELLI(PC1.1,PC2.1)[,2])) I get an error message: "Error in data.frame(x = c(0.0977338099339815, 0.0844334944904515, 0.0697467834016782, : arguments imply differing number of rows: 50, 211 I've managed to fix this in the past, but I cannot remember how. It seems that geom_path is relying on the same points rather than plotting new ones. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • how can I convert String to SecretKey

    - by Alaa
    I want to convert String to secretKey public void generateCode(String keyStr){ KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128); // 192 and 256 bits may not be available // Generate the secret key specs. secretKey skey=keyStr; //How can I make the casting here //SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey(); byte[] raw = skey.getEncoded(); } I try to use BASE64Decoder instead of secretKey, but I face a porblem which is I cannot specify key length. EDIT: I want to call this function from another place static public String encrypt(String message , String key , int keyLength) throws Exception { // Get the KeyGenerator KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(keyLength); // 192 and 256 bits may not be available // Generate the secret key specs. //decode the BASE64 coded message SecretKey skey = key; //here is the error raw = skey.getEncoded(); SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES"); // Instantiate the cipher Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); System.out.println("msg is" + message + "\n raw is" + raw); byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(message.getBytes()); String cryptedValue = new String(encrypted); System.out.println("encrypted string: " + cryptedValue); return cryptedValue; } Any one can help, i'll be very thankful.

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  • R: How to remove outliers from a smoother in ggplot2?

    - by John
    I have the following data set that I am trying to plot with ggplot2, it is a time series of three experiments A1, B1 and C1 and each experiment had three replicates. I am trying to add a stat which detects and removes outliers before returning a smoother (mean and variance?). I have written my own outlier function (not shown) but I expect there is already a function to do this, I just have not found it. I've looked at stat_sum_df("median_hilow", geom = "smooth") from some examples in the ggplot2 book, but I didn't understand the help doc from Hmisc to see if it removes outliers or not. Is there a function to remove outliers like this in ggplot, or where would I amend my code below to add my own function? library (ggplot2) data = data.frame (day = c(1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7,1,3,5,7), od = c( 0.1,1.0,0.5,0.7 ,0.13,0.33,0.54,0.76 ,0.1,0.35,0.54,0.73 ,1.3,1.5,1.75,1.7 ,1.3,1.3,1.0,1.6 ,1.7,1.6,1.75,1.7 ,2.1,2.3,2.5,2.7 ,2.5,2.6,2.6,2.8 ,2.3,2.5,2.8,3.8), series_id = c( "A1", "A1", "A1","A1", "A1", "A1", "A1","A1", "A1", "A1", "A1","A1", "B1", "B1","B1", "B1", "B1", "B1","B1", "B1", "B1", "B1","B1", "B1", "C1","C1", "C1", "C1", "C1","C1", "C1", "C1", "C1","C1", "C1", "C1"), replicate = c( "A1.1","A1.1","A1.1","A1.1", "A1.2","A1.2","A1.2","A1.2", "A1.3","A1.3","A1.3","A1.3", "B1.1","B1.1","B1.1","B1.1", "B1.2","B1.2","B1.2","B1.2", "B1.3","B1.3","B1.3","B1.3", "C1.1","C1.1","C1.1","C1.1", "C1.2","C1.2","C1.2","C1.2", "C1.3","C1.3","C1.3","C1.3")) > data day od series_id replicate 1 1 0.10 A1 A1.1 2 3 1.00 A1 A1.1 3 5 0.50 A1 A1.1 4 7 0.70 A1 A1.1 5 1 0.13 A1 A1.2 6 3 0.33 A1 A1.2 7 5 0.54 A1 A1.2 8 7 0.76 A1 A1.2 9 1 0.10 A1 A1.3 10 3 0.35 A1 A1.3 11 5 0.54 A1 A1.3 12 7 0.73 A1 A1.3 13 1 1.30 B1 B1.1 This is what I have so far and is working nicely, but outliers are not removed: r <- ggplot(data = data, aes(x = day, y = od)) r + geom_point(aes(group = replicate, color = series_id)) + # add points geom_line(aes(group = replicate, color = series_id)) + # add lines geom_smooth(aes(group = series_id)) # add smoother, average of each replicate

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  • 2D Histogram in R: Converting from Count to Frequency within a Column

    - by Jac
    Would appreciate help with generating a 2D histogram of frequencies, where frequencies are calculated within a column. My main issue: converting from counts to column based frequency. Here's my starting code: # expected packages library(ggplot2) library(plyr) # generate example data corresponding to expected data input x_data = sample(101:200,10000, replace = TRUE) y_data = sample(1:100,10000, replace = TRUE) my_set = data.frame(x_data,y_data) # define x and y interval cut points x_seq = seq(100,200,10) y_seq = seq(0,100,10) # label samples as belonging within x and y intervals my_set$x_interval = cut(my_set$x_data,x_seq) my_set$y_interval = cut(my_set$y_data,y_seq) # determine count for each x,y block xy_df = ddply(my_set, c("x_interval","y_interval"),"nrow") # still need to convert for use with dplyr # convert from count to frequency based on formula: freq = count/sum(count in given x interval) ################ TRYING TO FIGURE OUT ################# # plot results fig_count <- ggplot(xy_df, aes(x = x_interval, y = y_interval)) + geom_tile(aes(fill = nrow)) # count fig_freq <- ggplot(xy_df, aes(x = x_interval, y = y_interval)) + geom_tile(aes(fill = freq)) # frequency I would appreciate any help in how to calculate the frequency within a column. Thanks! jac EDIT: I think the solution will require the following steps 1) Calculate and store overall counts for each x-interval factor 2) Divide the individual bin count by its corresponding x-interval factor count to obtain frequency. Not sure how to carry this out though. .

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  • plot 4 different plots inside 1 pdf

    - by ifreak
    I have 2 data frames which i want to generate 3 plots from them and place them inside 1 pdf file as a single column. i want all the plots to have the same x-axis limits(basically the same x-axis) even thought they differ in the name and how they were obtained. the dataframes looks something like that: d1 X Y Z 0.04939317 -0.4622222 13651 0.03202451 -0.4261000 13401 0.09950793 -0.3233025 13151 0.11548556 -0.4637981 12486 0.09817597 -0.4751886 12236 0.15770701 -0.5819355 11986 and d2 V0 V1 V2 V3 sign 1 1 0.379 0.612 pos 2 1 0.378 0.620 pos 3 1 0.578 0.571 neg 4 1 0.978 0.561 pos 5 1 0.758 0.261 neg 6 1 0.378 0.126 neg P.S : both data frames are bigger than this, this is only a part of them V0, V1 and Z range from 1 to 20000 the plots that i created are : From d2 d2plot=ggplot(d1, aes(V0,V1, fill=sign)) + geom_tile()+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("neg" = "yellow", "pos"="red")) +geom_vline(xintercept =10000 ) +geom_text(mapping=aes(x=10000,y=0, label="Stop"), size=4, angle=90, vjust=-0.4, hjust=0) From d1 d1plot = ggplot(d2) + geom_errorbarh(aes(x=z,xmin=z-50,xmax=z+50, y=Y, height = 0.02),color="red")+ opts(legend.position = "none") +geom_vline(xintercept = 10000) +geom_text(mapping=aes(x=10000,y=-0.3, label="Stop"), size=4, angle=90, vjust=-0.4, hjust=0) i've tried grid.arrange(d1plot,d2plot,ncol=1) but the x-axis is different for each plot, i tried changing the aspect ratio, but this will change the y-axis ..i've also tried to use facet_wrap but the problem that my x-axis values have different values, i just want the limits and breaks to be the same and the plots all be aligned in 1 column based on 1 x-axis to comapre the value of the statistical methods in an easy way.

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  • Deterministic/Consistent Unique Masking

    - by Dinesh Rajasekharan-Oracle
    One of the key requirements while masking data in large databases or multi database environment is to consistently mask some columns, i.e. for a given input the output should always be the same. At the same time the masked output should not be predictable. Deterministic masking also eliminates the need to spend enormous amount of time spent in identifying data relationships, i.e. parent and child relationships among columns defined in the application tables. In this blog post I will explain different ways of consistently masking the data across databases using Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting The readers of post should have minimal knowledge on Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c, Application Data Modeling, Data Masking concepts. For more information on these concepts, please refer to Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting document Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting 12c provides four methods using which users can consistently yet irreversibly mask their inputs. 1. Substitute 2. SQL Expression 3. Encrypt 4. User Defined Function SUBSTITUTE The substitute masking format replaces the original value with a value from a pre-created database table. As the method uses a hash based algorithm in the back end the mappings are consistent. For example consider DEPARTMENT_ID in EMPLOYEES table is replaced with FAKE_DEPARTMENT_ID from FAKE_TABLE. The substitute masking transformation that all occurrences of DEPARTMENT_ID say ‘101’ will be replaced with ‘502’ provided same substitution table and column is used , i.e. FAKE_TABLE.FAKE_DEPARTMENT_ID. The following screen shot shows the usage of the Substitute masking format with in a masking definition: Note that the uniqueness of the masked value depends on the number of columns being used in the substitution table i.e. if the original table contains 50000 unique values, then for the masked output to be unique and deterministic the substitution column should also contain 50000 unique values without which only consistency is maintained but not uniqueness. SQL EXPRESSION SQL Expression replaces an existing value with the output of a specified SQL Expression. For example while masking an EMPLOYEES table the EMAIL_ID of an employee has to be in the format EMPLOYEE’s [email protected] while FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME are the actual column names of the EMPLOYEES table then the corresponding SQL Expression will look like %FIRST_NAME%||’.’||%LAST_NAME%||’@COMPANY.COM’. The advantage of this technique is that if you are masking FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME of the EMPLOYEES table than the corresponding EMAIL ID will be replaced accordingly by the masking scripts. One of the interesting aspect’s of a SQL Expressions is that you can use sub SQL expressions, which means that you can write a nested SQL and use it as SQL Expression to address a complex masking business use cases. SQL Expression can also be used to consistently replace value with hashed value using Oracle’s PL/SQL function ORA_HASH. The following SQL Expression will help in the previous example for replacing the DEPARTMENT_IDs with a hashed number ORA_HASH (%DEPARTMENT_ID%, 1000) The following screen shot shows the usage of encrypt masking format with in the masking definition: ORA_HASH takes three arguments: 1. Expression which can be of any data type except LONG, LOB, User Defined Type [nested table type is allowed]. In the above example I used the Original value as expression. 2. Number of hash buckets which can be number between 0 and 4294967295. The default value is 4294967295. You can also co-relate the number of hash buckets to a range of numbers. In the above example above the bucket value is specified as 1000, so the end result will be a hashed number in between 0 and 1000. 3. Seed, can be any number which decides the consistency, i.e. for a given seed value the output will always be same. The default seed is 0. In the above SQL Expression a seed in not specified, so it to 0. If you have to use a non default seed then the function will look like. ORA_HASH (%DEPARTMENT_ID%, 1000, 1234 The uniqueness depends on the input and the number of hash buckets used. However as ORA_HASH uses a 32 bit algorithm, considering birthday paradox or pigeonhole principle there is a 0.5 probability of collision after 232-1 unique values. ENCRYPT Encrypt masking format uses a blend of 3DES encryption algorithm, hashing, and regular expression to produce a deterministic and unique masked output. The format of the masked output corresponds to the specified regular expression. As this technique uses a key [string] to encrypt the data, the same string can be used to decrypt the data. The key also acts as seed to maintain consistent outputs for a given input. The following screen shot shows the usage of encrypt masking format with in the masking definition: Regular Expressions may look complex for the first time users but you will soon realize that it’s a simple language. There are many resources in internet, oracle documentation, oracle learning library, my oracle support on writing a Regular Expressions, out of all the following My Oracle Support document helped me to get started with Regular Expressions: Oracle SQL Support for Regular Expressions[Video](Doc ID 1369668.1) USER DEFINED FUNCTION [UDF] User Defined Function or UDF provides flexibility for the users to code their own masking logic in PL/SQL, which can be called from masking Defintion. The standard format of an UDF in Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting is: Function udf_func (rowid varchar2, column_name varchar2, original_value varchar2) returns varchar2; Where • rowid is the row identifier of the column that needs to be masked • column_name is the name of the column that needs to be masked • original_value is the column value that needs to be masked You can achieve deterministic masking by using Oracle’s built in hash functions like, ORA_HASH, DBMS_CRYPTO.MD4, DBMS_CRYPTO.MD5, DBMS_UTILITY. GET_HASH_VALUE.Please refers to the Oracle Database Documentation for more information on the Oracle Hash functions. For example the following masking UDF generate deterministic unique hexadecimal values for a given string input: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION RD_DUX (rid varchar2, column_name varchar2, orig_val VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 DETERMINISTIC PARALLEL_ENABLE IS stext varchar2 (26); no_of_characters number(2); BEGIN no_of_characters:=6; stext:=substr(RAWTOHEX(DBMS_CRYPTO.HASH(UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW(text),1)),0,no_of_characters); RETURN stext; END; The uniqueness depends on the input and length of the string and number of bits used by hash algorithm. In the above function MD4 hash is used [denoted by argument 1 in the DBMS_CRYPTO.HASH function which is a 128 bit algorithm which produces 2^128-1 unique hashed values , however this is limited by the length of the input string which is 6, so only 6^6 unique values will be generated. Also do not forget about the birthday paradox/pigeonhole principle mentioned earlier in this post. An another example is to consistently replace characters or numbers preserving the length and special characters as shown below: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION RD_DUS(rid varchar2,column_name varchar2,orig_val VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 DETERMINISTIC PARALLEL_ENABLE IS stext varchar2(26); BEGIN DBMS_RANDOM.SEED(orig_val); stext:=TRANSLATE(orig_val,'ABCDEFGHILKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('U',26)); stext:=TRANSLATE(stext,'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('L',26)); stext:=TRANSLATE(stext,'0123456789',to_char(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(1,9))); stext:=REPLACE(stext,'.','0'); RETURN stext; END; The following screen shot shows the usage of an UDF with in a masking definition: To summarize, Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting helps you to consistently mask data across databases using one or all of the methods described in this post. It saves the hassle of identifying the parent-child relationships defined in the application table. Happy Masking

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  • SQL Azure and Trust Services

    - by BuckWoody
    Microsoft is working on a new Windows Azure service called “Trust Services”. Trust Services takes a certificate you upload and uses it to encrypt and decrypt sensitive data in the cloud. Of course, like any security service, there’s a bit more to it than that. I’ll give you a quick overview of how you can use this product to protect data you send to SQL Azure. The primary issue with storing data in the cloud is that you are in an environment that isn’t under your control – in fact, that’s the benefit of being in a distributed computing environment in the first place. On premises you’re able to encrypt data you don’t want anyone else to see, using various methods such as passwords (not very strong) or certificates (stronger). When you use a certificate, it’s vital that you create (or procure) and protect it yourself. When you store data remotely, regardless of IaaS, PaaS or SaaS, you don’t own the machines where the data lives. That means if you use a certificate from the cloud vendor to encrypt the data, you have to trust that the data won’t be accessed by the vendor. In some cases having a signed agreement with the vendor that they won’t access your data is sufficient, in other cases that doesn’t meet the requirements your system has for security. With the new Trust Services service, the basic process is that you use a Portal to create a Trust Server using policies and other controls. You place a X.509 Certificate you create or procure in that server. Using the Software development Kit (SDK), the developer has access to an Application Layer Encryption Framework to set fields of data they want to encrypt. From there, the data can be stored in SQL Azure as a standard field – only it is encrypted before it ever arrives. The portion of the client software that decrypts the data uses the same service, so the authenticated user sees the data if they are allowed to do so. The data remains encrypted “at rest”.  You can learn more about this product and check it out in the SQL Azure labs at Microsoft Codename "Trust Services"

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  • Sending login form to an open-mesh acess point for authentication with my own RADIUS server

    - by PachinSV
    I have my RADIUS server up and running and a custom external captive portal. But I'm not sure: what information should I send to the Open-Mesh AP with my login form (it is necessary to encrypt the password?, because if I don't use a secret word to encrypt in my network configuration the RADIUS server complaints about it and in the log shows me some strange characters in the password) I don't know what to do with the "challenge" and "md" parameters in my login splash page. Thank you very much for your help.

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  • Irrelevant legend information in ggplot2

    - by Dan Goldstein
    When running this code (go ahead, try it): library(ggplot2) (myDat <- data.frame(cbind(VarX=10:1, VarY=runif(10)), Descrip=sample(LETTERS[1:3], 10, replace=TRUE))) ggplot(myDat,aes(VarX,VarY,shape=Descrip,size=3)) + geom_point() ... the "size=3" statement does correctly set the point size. However it causes the legend to give birth to a little legend beneath it, entitled "3" and containing nothing but a big dot and the number 3. This does the same ggplot(myDat,aes(VarX,VarY,shape=Descrip)) + geom_point(aes(size=3)) Yes, it is funny. It would have driven me insane a couple hours ago if it weren't so funny. But now let's make it stop.

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  • possible bug in geom_ribbon

    - by tomw
    i was hoping to plot two time series and shade the space between the series according to which series is larger at that time. here are the two series-- first in a data frame with an indicator for whichever series is larger at that time d1 <- read.csv("https://dl.dropbox.com/s/0txm3f70msd3nm6/ribbon%20data.csv?dl=1") And this is the melted series. d2 <- read.csv("https://dl.dropbox.com/s/6ohwmtkhpsutpig/melted%20ribbon%20data.csv?dl=1") which I plot... ggplot() + geom_line(data = d2, aes(x = time, y = value, group = variable, color = variable)) + geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = 2) + geom_ribbon(data = d1[d1$big == "B",], aes(x = time, ymin = csa, ymax = csb), alpha = .25, fill = "#9999CC") + geom_ribbon(data = d1[d1$big == "A",], aes(x = time, ymin = csb, ymax = csa), alpha = .25, fill = "#CC6666") + scale_color_manual(values = c("#CC6666" , "#9999CC")) which results in... why is there a superfluous blue band in the middle of the plot?

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  • geom_rect and NULL

    - by csgillespie
    I've been looking at the geom_rect example in section 5.10 of the ggplot2 book and don't understand the purpose of the NULL's in the aes function. For example, using the mpg data: g = ggplot(data=mpg, aes(x=displ, y=hwy)) + geom_point() #Produces a plot with a transparent filled region g + geom_rect(aes(NULL, NULL), alpha=0.1,xmin=5, xmax=7, ymin=10, ymax=45, fill="blue") #Solid filled region (v0.9) or nothing in v0.8 g + geom_rect(alpha=0.1,xmin=5, xmax=7, ymin=10, ymax=45, fill="blue") My understanding is that the NULL's are resetting the x & y mapping, but I don't see why this should affect the transparency.

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  • GnuPG PHP gnupg Folder & Files Permission

    - by Michael Robinson
    Situation: we plan on using PHP's GnuPG extension to encrypt/decrypt files. Currently we've setup some test cases, using keys generated with GPG. The generated files reside in: /Users/username/.gnupg/ I am able to get keyinfo for the key I want to use to encrypt/decrypt, but when I attempt to use addencryptkey, I get: (E_WARNING: 2): gnupg::addencryptkey() [gnupg.addencryptkey]: get_key failed I think this is due to the permissions on the ~/.gnupg folder & enclosed files. The files are owned by me - username, but apache runs as www. A few days ago I did have this working, but it seems each time I use GPG Keychain Access to import / export a key, the folder's permissions are changed. Question: What are the exact permissions required to allow PHP's GnuPG to add encrypt & decrypt keys?

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  • Encrypting a non-linux partition with LUKS.

    - by linuxn00b
    I have a non-Linux partition I want to encrypt with LUKS. The goal is to be able to store it by itself on a device without Linux and access it from the device when needed with an Ubuntu Live CD. I know LUKS can't encrypt partitions in place, so I created another, unformatted partition of the EXACT same size (using GParted's "Round to MiB" option) and ran this command: sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/xxx Where xxx is the partition's device name. Then I typed in my new passphrase and confirmed it. Oddly, the command exited immediately after, so I guess it doesn't encrypt the entire partition right away? Anyway, then I ran this command: sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/xxx xxx Then I tried copying the contents of the existing partition (call it yyy) to the encrypted one like this: sudo dd if=/dev/yyy of=/dev/mapper/xxx bs=1MB and it ran for a while, but exited with this: dd: writing `/dev/mapper/xxx': No space left on device just before writing the last MB. I take this to mean the contents of yyy was truncated when it was copied to xxx, because I have dd'd it before, and whenever I have dd'd to a partition of the exact same size, I never get that error. (and fdisk reports they are the same size in blocks). After a little Googling I discovered all luksFormat'ted partitions have a custom header followed by the encrypted contents. So it appears I need to create a partition exactly the size of the old one + however many bytes a LUKS header is. What size should the destination partition be, no. 1, and no. 2, am I even on the right track here? UPDATE I found this in the LUKS FAQ: I think this is overly complicated. Is there an alternative? Yes, you can use plain dm-crypt. It does not allow multiple passphrases, but on the plus side, it has zero on disk description and if you overwrite some part of a plain dm-crypt partition, exactly the overwritten parts are lost (rounded up to sector borders). So perhaps I shouldn't be using LUKS at all?

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  • Leveraging .Net 4.0 Framework Tools For Encrypting Web Configuration Sections

    - by Sam Abraham
    I would like to share a few points with regards to encrypting web configuration sections in .Net 4.0. This information is also applicable to .Net 3.5 and 2.0. Two methods can work perfectly for encrypting connection strings in a Web project configuration file:   1-Do It All Yourself! In this approach, helper functions for encrypting/decrypting configuration file content are implemented. Program would explicitly retrieve appropriate content from configuration file then decrypt it appropriately.  Disadvantages of this implementation would be the added overhead for maintaining the encryption/decryption code as well the burden of always ensuring sections are appropriately decrypted before use and encrypted appropriately whenever edited.   2- Leverage the .Net 4.0 Framework (The Way to go!) Fortunately, all needed tools for protecting configuration files are built-in to the .Net 2.0/3.5/4.0 versions with very little setup needed. To encrypt connection strings, one can use the ASP.Net IIS Registration Tool (Aspnet_regiis.exe). Note that a 64-bit version of the tool also exists under the Framework64 folder for 64-bit systems. The command we need to encrypt our web.config file connection strings is simply the following:   Aspnet_regiis –pe “connectionstrings” –app “/sampleApplication” –prov “RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider”   To later decrypt this configuration section:   Aspnet_regiis –pd “connectionstrings” –app “/SampleApplication”   The following is a brief description of the command line options used in the example above. Aspnet_regiis supports many more options which you can read about in the links provided for reference below.   Option Description -pe  Section name to encrypt -pd  Section name to decrypt -app  Web application name -prov  Encryption/Decryption provider   ASP.Net automatically decrypts the content of the Web.Config file at runtime so no programming changes are needed.   Another tool, aspnet_setreg.exe is to be used if certain configuration file sections pertinent to the .Net runtime are to be encrypted. For more information on when and how to use aspnet_setreg, please refer to the references below.   Hope this helps!   Some great references concerning the topic:   http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff650037.aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zhhddkxy.aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dtkwfdky.aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/68ze1hb2.aspx

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  • Dualboot harddisk encryption

    - by amfcosta
    I have a system with both Ubuntu 11.10 and Windows 7 and I want to encrypt the whole harddisk or at least some of my partitions. My partition table is something like this (the ones marked with * are the ones that need to be encrypted): Windows boot reserved partition *Windows system partition (ntfs) *Windows data partition (ntfs) Ubuntu root partition (ext4) *Ubuntu home partition (ext4) Ubuntu swap As I said I don't need to encrypt the whole disk. What is the best way to accomplish this? Maybe something (TrueCrypt?) where I enter the password before the system boots so that it decrypts the whole hdd? Or maybe individual encryption using Windows-only encryption (for Windows partitions) and Ubuntu home encryption (well, for Ubuntu home partition)? By the way, I almost always use Ubuntu, so it would be nice if I could continue to boot Ubuntu by default but have an option to boot Windows too (like in grub). EDIT: I was thinking of doing this: encrypting ubuntu home with eCryptfs (I think this is used to encrypt home when selected during installation). Encrypting Windows partitions with TrueCrypt. Still having Grub as a bootloader, when I choose ubuntu everything goes as normal (home is decrypted when login in). When I choose windows the TrueCrypt password prompt shows and windows boots.

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  • Paranoid Encryption

    - by Lord Jaguar
    Call me paranoid, but I really like to keep my stuff secret, but readily available on the cloud. So, asking this question. How safe and reliable is encryption software (e.g., truecrypt)? The reason I ask is that, what is I encrypt my data today with this software and after a couple of years, the software is gone ! What happens to my encrypted data? Is it equally safe to AES encrypt using 7-zip? Will it provide the same level or equivalent level of encryption as truecrypt or other encryption software? (I agree truecrypt will be better because of the container encryption it gives.) And what happens if 7-zip shuts down after 5 years? I am sorry if I am sounding paranoid, but I am coming back to my original question... Is there any application/software independent encryption? Meaning, can I encrypt with one software and decrypt with another so that I will not be dependent on just one vendor? I want my encryption to depend ONLY on the password and NOT on the encryption program/software? The next question, can I write my own program that does AES/stronger encryption when I give it a passphrase, so that I don't need to depend on third party software for encryption? If yes, which language supports the same? Can someone give me a heads up as to where to look for in case of writing my own encryption program?

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  • WEP/WPA/WPA2 and wifi sniffing

    - by jcea
    Hi, I know that WEP traffic can be "sniffed" by any user of the WIFI. I know that WPA/WPA2 traffic is encrypted using a different link key for each user, so they can't sniff traffic... unless they capture the initial handshake. If you are using a PSK (preshared key) schema, then you recover the link key trivially from this initial handshake. If you don't know the PSK, you can capture the handshake and try to crack the PSK by bruteforce offline. Is my understanding correct so far?. I know that WPA2 has AES mode and can use "secure" tokens like X.509 certificates and such, and it is said to be secure against sniffing because capturing the handshake doesn't help you. So, is WPA2+AES secure (so far) against sniffing, and how it actually works?. That is, how is the (random) link key negociated?. When using X.509 certificates or a (private and personal) passphrase. Do WPA/WPA2 have other sniffer-secure modes beside WPA2+AES? How is broadcast traffic managed to be received by all the WIFI users, if each has a different link key?. Thanks in advance! :).

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  • Openvpn - stuck on Connecting

    - by user224277
    I've got a problem with openvpn server... every time when I trying to connect to the VPN , I am getting a window with login and password box, so I typed my login and password (login = Common Name (user1) and password is from a challenge password from the client certificate. Logs : Jun 7 17:03:05 test ovpn-openvpn[5618]: Authenticate/Decrypt packet error: packet HMAC authentication failed Jun 7 17:03:05 test ovpn-openvpn[5618]: TLS Error: incoming packet authentication failed from [AF_INET]80.**.**.***:54179 Client.ovpn : client #dev tap dev tun #proto tcp proto udp remote [Server IP] 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert user1.crt key user1.key <tls-auth> -----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1----- d1e0... -----END OpenVPN Static key V1----- </tls-auth> ns-cert-type server cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo yes verb 0 mute 20 My openvpn.conf : port 1194 #proto tcp proto udp #dev tap dev tun #dev-node MyTap ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/keys/VPN.crt key /etc/openvpn/keys/VPN.key dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh2048.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt #push „route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0? #push „route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0? keepalive 10 120 tls-auth /etc/openvpn/keys/ta.key 0 #cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish #cipher AES-128-CBC # AES #cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES comp-lzo #max-clients 100 #user nobody #group nogroup persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log #log openvpn.log #log-append openvpn.log verb 3 sysctl : net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

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