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• Help calling class from a class above.

  - by wtzolt

  Hello, How to call from class oneThread: back to class fun:? As in, address a class written below. Is it possible? class oneThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.start() def run(self): print "1" time.sleep(1) print "2" time.sleep(1) print "3" self.wTree.get_widget("entryResult").set_text("Done with One.") # How to call from here back to class fun, which of course is below...? class fun: wTree = None def __init__( self ): self.wTree = gtk.glade.XML( "main.glade" ) self.wTree.signal_autoconnect( {"on_buttonOne" : self.one} ) gtk.main() def one(self, widget): oneThread(); gtk.gdk.threads_init() do=fun()

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• External class-calling

  - by anonymous

  Hi guys i have a bit of a problem with a few classes, and i would be very grateful if someone can help me out. So i have: Already compiled executable (for whom i don't have the source) A class in that program that i want to call The program doesn't have export for the class, and that's my problem i don't have definition for this class, so is there a way to get a callback to this class? Example: In the compiled executable: foo::bar (example) { printf(example); } My app: CALLBACK(foo::bar, "this text must be passed as argument") Or in other words i want to call a class in other executable (without having its source) and pass arguments to its function.

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• Static nested class visibility issue with Scala / Java interop

  - by Matt R

  Suppose I have the following Java file in a library: package test; public abstract class AbstractFoo { protected static class FooHelper { public FooHelper() {} } } I would like to extend it from Scala: package test2 import test.AbstractFoo class Foo extends AbstractFoo { new AbstractFoo.FooHelper() } I get an error, "class FooHelper cannot be accessed in object test.AbstractFoo". (I'm using a Scala 2.8 nightly). The following Java compiles correctly: package test2; import test.AbstractFoo; public class Foo2 extends AbstractFoo { { new FooHelper(); } } The Scala version also compiles if it's placed in the test package. Is there another way to get it to compile?

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• Java interface and abstract class issue

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, I am reading the book -- Hadoop: The Definitive Guide, http://www.amazon.com/Hadoop-Definitive-Guide-Tom-White/dp/0596521979/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1273932107&sr=8-1 In chapter 2 (Page 25), it is mentioned "The new API favors abstract class over interfaces, since these are easier to evolve. For example, you can add a method (with a default implementation) to an abstract class without breaking old implementations of the class". What does it mean (especially what means "breaking old implementations of the class")? Appreciate if anyone could show me a sample why from this perspective abstract class is better than interface? thanks in advance, George

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• Flash CS, reference root from external class

  - by Lotus

  Hi, I made this class and I put it in the same package of Timeline.as (the Document Class): package { import flash.utils.Timer; import flash.events.TimerEvent; public class Counter2 extends Timer { public function Counter2(delay:Number, repeatCount:int=0) { super(delay, repeatCount); super.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, timerHandler); } public override function start():void { super.start(); } public override function stop():void { super.stop(); } public function timerHandler(evt:TimerEvent) { trace(evt.target.currentCount); } } } This class is instanciated in Timeline.as constructor. Is there any way to reference Timeline(root) from this class? And, if so, how? Thanks!

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• Python 2.6, 3 abstract base class misunderstanding

  - by Aaron

  I'm not seeing what I expect when I use ABCMeta and abstractmethod. This works fine in python3: from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod class Super(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractmethod def method(self): pass a = Super() TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Super ... And in 2.6: class Super(): __metaclass__ = ABCMeta @abstractmethod def method(self): pass a = Super() TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Super ... They both also work fine (I get the expected exception) if I derive Super from object, in addition to ABCMeta. They both "fail" (no exception raised) if I derive Super from list. I want an abstract base class to be a list but abstract, and concrete in sub classes. Am I doing it wrong, or should I not want this in python?

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• what is the exact difference between PHP static class and singleton class

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have always used a Singleton class for a registry object in PHP. As all Singleton classes I think the main method looks like this: class registry { public static function singleton() { if( !isset( self::$instance ) ) { self::$instance = new registry(); } return self::$instance; } public function doSomething() { echo 'something'; } } So whenever I need something of the registry class I use a function like this: registry::singleton()->doSomethine(); Now I do not understand what the difference is between creating just a normal static function. Will it create a new object if I just use a normal static class. class registry { public static function doSomething() { echo 'something'; } } Now I can just use: registry::doSomethine(); Can someone explain to me what the function is of the singleton class. I really do not understand this.

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• Passing values from action class to model class in symfony

  - by THOmas

  I have a action class for saving some data to a database.In action class iam getting a id through url.I have to save the id in table. I am getting the id by $request-getParameter('id') I used this code for saving $this-form-bind($request-getParameter('question_answers')); if ($this-form-isValid()) { $this-form-save(); $this-redirect('@homepage'); } in model class i used a override save method to save extra field public function save(Doctrine_Connection $conn = null) { if ($this-isNew()) { $now=date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time()); $this->setPostedAt($now); } return parent::save($conn); so i want to get the id value here . So how can i pass id value from action class to model class is any-other way to save the id in action class itself Thanks in advance

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• Rails 3 ActiveModel Nested Class I18n

  - by Dave

  Given the following class definition in ruby: class Conversation class Message include ActiveModel::Validations attr_accessor :quantity validates :quantity, :presence => true end end How can you use i18n to customize to error message. For example the correct lookup for the class Conversation would be activemodel: errors: models: conversation: attributes: quantity: blank: "Some custom message" But what is it for the Message class? I tried: activemodel: errors: models: conversation: message: attributes: quantity: blank: "Some custom message" activemodel: errors: models: message: attributes: quantity: blank: "Some custom message" activemodel: errors: models: conversation::message: attributes: quantity: blank: "Some custom message" None of them work Any ideas or is this a bug with ActiveModel or I18n?

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• jQuery: selecting by class after class change by .addClass() or .attr()

  - by Sosh

  I have some jQuery code something like this: $(document).ready(function() { $("img.off").click(function() { alert('on'); $(this).attr('class', 'on'); }); $("img.on").click(function() { alert('off'); $(this).attr('class', 'off'); }); }); The selector works fine for images that have the class name defined in the original HTML document, however after manipulating the class name with jQuery, the img item will not respond to selectors using it's new class. In other words, running the above code, if you click an 'off' img, it will trigger the first function, and change the class to 'on'. However, clicking this image again does not trigger the second function (as I would have expected), but rather triggers the first again. It's as if the selector is reading the old DOM rather than the updated version. What am I doing wrong here? Firefox 3.6.3 - jQuery 1.4.2

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• Class Property in for each

  - by KoolKabin

  Hi guys, I am running from a problem while iterating over class properties. I have my first class: class Item private _UIN as integer = 0 private _Name as string = "" private _Category as ItemCategory = new ItemCategory() public Property UIN() as integer public property Name() as string public property Category() as ItemCategory end class Now when i iterate over the class properties from following code Dim AllProps As System.Reflection.PropertyInfo() Dim PropA As System.Reflection.PropertyInfo dim ObjA as object AllProps = new Item().getType().getProperties() for each propA in AllProps ObjA = PropA.GetValue(myObj, New Object() {}) debug.write ObjA.GetType().Name next I get UIN, Name, ItemCategory but i expected UIN, Name and Category. I am a bit unclear about this and dun know why this is happening? What should i do to correct it?

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• C++ : Initializing base class constant static variable with different value in derived class ?

  - by chmike

  I have a base class A with a constant static variable a. I need that instances of class B have a different value for the static variable a. How could this be achieved, preferably with static initialization ? class A { public: static const int a; }; const int A::a = 1; class B : public A { // ??? // How to set *a* to a value specific to instances of class B ? };

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• can this keyword be used in an abstract class in java

  - by Reddy

  I tried with below example, it is working fine. I expected it to pick sub-class's value since object won't be created for super class (as it is abstract). But it is picking up super class's field value only. Please help me understand what is the concepts behind this? abstract class SuperAbstract { private int a=2; public void funA() { System.out.println("In SuperAbstract: this.a "+a); } } class SubClass extends SuperAbstract { private int a=34; } I am calling new SubClass.funA(); I am expecting it to print 34, but it is printing 2.

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• C# private (hidden) base class

  - by Loadmaster

  It is possible to make a C# base class accessible only within the library assembly it's compiled into, while making other subclasses that inherit from it public? For example: using System.IO; class BaseOutput: Stream // Hidden base class { protected BaseOutput(Stream o) { ... } ...lots of common methods... } public class MyOutput: BaseOutput // Public subclass { public BaseOutput(Stream o): base(o) { ... } public override int Write(int b) { ... } } Here I'd like the BaseOutput class to be inaccessible to clients of my library, but allow the subclass MyOutput to be completely public. I know that C# does not allow base classes to have more restrictive access than subclasses, but is there some other legal way of achieving the same effect?

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• can the keyword 'this' be used in an abstract class in java

  - by Reddy

  I tried with below example, it is working fine. I expected it to pick sub-class's value since object won't be created for super class (as it is abstract). But it is picking up super class's field value only. Please help me understand what is the concepts behind this? abstract class SuperAbstract { private int a=2; public void funA() { System.out.println("In SuperAbstract: this.a "+a); } } class SubClass extends SuperAbstract { private int a=34; } I am calling new SubClass.funA(); I am expecting it to print 34, but it is printing 2.

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• php: two objects from the same class work independent of each other

  - by user317563

  Good morning, I would like the code in my controller to look something like this: <?php $class = new sanitizeInput() $string1 = $class -> input($_POST[name]) -> mysql_escape(); $string2 = $class -> input($_POST[age]) -> mysql_escape(); print " String1: $string1 <br /> String2: $string2" ?> It seems with my sanitizeInput class, any change to $string2 is applied to $string1. What ways can I change this? I would preferably like to make the changes within the class to make my controller as easily read as possible. Thank you for your time. Kind regards, Marius

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• Use of class definitions inside a method in Java

  - by Bragaadeesh

  Hi public class TestClass { public static void main(String[] args) { TestClass t = new TestClass(); } private static void testMethod(){ class TestMethodClass{ int a; int b; int c; } TestMethodClass testMethodClass = new TestMethodClass(); } } I found out that the above piece of code is perfectly legal in Java. I have the following questions. What is the use of ever having a class definition inside a method? Will a class file be generated for TestMethodClass Its hard for me to imagine this concept in an Object Oriented manner. Having a class definition inside a behavior. Probably can someone tell me with equivalent real world examples. Thanks

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• Python metaclass to run a class method automatically on derived class

  - by Barry Steyn

  I want to automatically run a class method defined in a base class on any derived class during the creation of the class. For instance: class Base(object): @classmethod def runme(): print "I am being run" def __metclass__(cls,parents,attributes): clsObj = type(cls,parents,attributes) clsObj.runme() return clsObj class Derived(Base): pass: What happens here is that when Base is created, ''runme()'' will fire. But nothing happens when Derived is created. The question is: How can I make ''runme()'' also fire when creating Derived. This is what I have thought so far: If I explicitly set Derived's metclass to Base's, it will work. But I don't want that to happen. I basically want Derived to use the Base's metaclass without me having to explicitly set it so.

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• Ojective C Class or struct?

  - by Scott Pendleton

  I have a class Song with properties Title, Key, Artist, etc. There are no methods. I loop through a database of song information and create a Song object for each, populating the properties, and then store the Song objects in an NSArray. Then I thought, why not just have a struct Song with all those same properties instead of a class Song. Doing so would eliminate the class files, the #import Song line in the using class's .m file, and the need to alloc, init, release. On the other hand, I'd have to put the struct definition in every class that might need it. (Unless there's some globally accessible location -- is there?) Also, can a struct be stored in an NSArray?

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• templated class : accessing derived normal-class methods

  - by user1019129

  I have something like this : class Container1 { public: method1() { ... } } class Container2 { public: method1() { ... } } template<class C = Container1> class X : public C { public: using C::method1(); ..... X(string& str) : C(str) {}; X& other_method() { method1(); ...; } } My question is why I have to use "using C::method1()", to be able to access the method.. Most of answers I found is for the case where templated-class inhering templated-class. Normally they mention using "this-", but this does not seem to work in this case. Can I do something else shorter... Also I'm suspecting the other error I'm getting is related to the same problem : no match call for (X<Container1>) (<std::string&>)

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• Dynamic Class Inheritance For PHP

  - by VirtuosiMedia

  I have a situation where I think I might need dynamic class inheritance in PHP 5.3, but the idea doesn't sit well and I'm looking for a different design pattern to solve my problem if it's possible. Use Case I have a set of DB abstraction layer classes that dynamically compiles SQL queries, with one DAL class for each DB type (MySQL, MsSQL, Oracle, etc.). Each table in the database has its own class that extends the appropriate DAL class. The idea is that you interact with the table classes, but never directly use the DAL class. If you want to support a different DB type for your app, you don't need to rewrite any queries or even any code, you simply change a setting that swaps one DAL class out for another...and that's it. To give you a better idea of how this is used, you can take a look at the DAL class, the table classes, and how they are used on this StackExchange Code Review page. To really understand what I'm trying to do, please take a look at my implementation first before suggesting a solution. Issues The strategy that I had used previously was to have all of the DAL classes share the same class name. This eliminated autoloading, so I had to manually load the appropriate DAL class in a switch statement. However, this approach presents some problems for testing and documentation purposes, so I'd like to find a different way to solve the problem of loading the correct DAL class more elegantly. Update to clarify the issue The problem basically boils down to inconsistencies in the class name (pre-PHP 5.3) or class namespace (PHP 5.3) and its location in the directory structure. At this point, all of my DAL classes have the same name, DBObject, but reside in different folders, MySQL, Oracle, etc. My table classes all extend DBObject, but which DBObject they extend varies depending on which one has been loaded. Basically, I'm trying to have my cake and eat it too. The table classes act as a stable API and extend a dynamic backend, the DAL (DBObject) classes. It works great, but I outsmarted myself and because of the inconsistencies with the class names and their locations, I can't autoload the DBObject, which makes running unit tests and generating API docs impossible for the DBObject classes because the tests and docs rely on auto-loading. Just loading the appropriate DBObject into memory using a factory method won't work because there will be times when I need to load multiple DBObjects for testing. Because the classes currently share a name, this causes a class is already defined error. I can make exceptions for the DBObjects in my test code, obviously, but I'm looking for something a little less hacky as there may future instances where something similar would need to be done. Solutions? Worst case scenario, I can continue my current strategy, but I don't like it very much, especially as I'll soon be converting my code to PHP 5.3. I suspect that I can use some sort of dynamic inheritance via either namespaces (preferred) or a dynamic class extension, but I haven't been able to find good examples of this implemented in the wild. In your answers, please suggest either an alternate pattern that would work for this use case or an example of dynamic inheritance done right. Please assume PHP 5.3 with namespaced code. Any code examples are greatly encouraged. The preferred constraints for the solution are: DAL class can be autoloaded. DAL classes don't share the same exact same namespace, but share the same class name. As an example, I would prefer to use classes named DbObject that use namespaces like Vm\Db\MySql and Vm\Db\Oracle. Table classes don't have to be rewritten with a change in DB type. The appropriate DB type is determined via a single setting only. That setting is the only thing that should need to change to interchange DB types. Ideally, the setting check should occur only once per page load, but I'm flexible on that.

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• Better way to generate enemies of different sub-classes

  - by KDiTraglia

  So lets pretend I have an enemy class that has some generic implementation and inheriting from it I have all the specific enemies of my game. There are points in my code that I need to check whether an enemy is a specific type, but in Java I have found no easier way than this monstrosity... //Must be a better way to do this if ( enemy.class.isAssignableFrom(Ninja.class) ) { ... } My partner on the project saw these and changed them to use an enum system instead public class Ninja extends Enemy { //EnemyType is an enum containing all our enemy types public EnemyType = EnemyTypes.NINJA; } if (enemy.EnemyType = EnemyTypes.NINJA) { ... } I also have found no way to generate enemies on varying probabilities besides this for (EnemyTypes types : enemyTypes) { if ( (randomNext = (randomNext - types.getFrequency())) < 0 ) { enemy = createEnemy(types.getEnemyType()); break; } } private static Enemy createEnemy(EnemyType type) { switch (type) { case NINJA: return new Ninja(new Vector2D(rand.nextInt(getScreenWidth()), 0), determineSpeed()); case GORILLA: return new Gorilla(new Vector2D(rand.nextInt(getScreenWidth()), 0), determineSpeed()); case TREX: return new TRex(new Vector2D(rand.nextInt(getScreenWidth()), 0), determineSpeed()); //etc } return null } I know java is a little weak at dynamic object creation, but is there a better way to implement this in a way such like this for (EnemyTypes types : enemyTypes) { if ( (randomNext = (randomNext - types.getFrequency())) < 0 ) { //Change enemyTypes to hold the classes of the enemies I can spawn enemy = types.getEnemyType().class.newInstance() break; } } Is the above possible? How would I declare enemyTypes to hold the classes if so? Everything I have tried so far as generated compile errors and general frustration, but I figured I might ask here before I completely give up to the huge mass that is the createEveryEnemy() method. All the enemies do inherit from the Enemy class (which is what the enemy variable is declared as). Also is there a better way to check which type a particular enemy that is shorter than enemy.class.isAssignableFrom(Ninja.class)? I'd like to ditch the enums entirely if possible, since they seem repetitive when the class name itself holds that information.

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• NHibernate DuplicateMappingException when mapping abstract class and subclass

  - by stiank81

  I have an abstract class, and subclasses of this, and I want to map this to my database using NHibernate. I'm using Fluent, and read on the wiki how to do the mapping. But when I add the mapping of the subclass an NHibernate.DuplicateMappingException is thrown when it is mapping. Why? Here are my (simplified) classes: public abstract class FieldValue { public int Id { get; set; } public abstract object Value { get; set; } } public class StringFieldValue : FieldValue { public string ValueAsString { get; set; } public override object Value { get { return ValueAsString; } set { ValueAsString = (string)value; } } } And the mappings: public class FieldValueMapping : ClassMap<FieldValue> { public FieldValueMapping() { Id(m => m.Id).GeneratedBy.HiLo("1"); // DiscriminateSubClassesOnColumn("type"); } } public class StringValueMapping : SubclassMap<StringFieldValue> { public StringValueMapping() { Map(m => m.ValueAsString).Length(100); } } And the exception: NHibernate.MappingException : Could not compile the mapping document: (XmlDocument) ---- NHibernate.DuplicateMappingException : Duplicate class/entity mapping NamespacePath.StringFieldValue Any ideas?

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• Transformation of Product Management in Telecommunications for Rapid Launch of Next Generation Products

  - by raul.goycoolea

  @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }a:link, span.MsoHyperlink { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; }a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed { color: purple; text-decoration: underline; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } The Telecom industry continues to evolve through disruptive products, uncertain markets, shorter product lifecycles and convergence of technologies. Today’s market has moved from network centric to consumer centric and focuses primarily on the customer experience. It has resulted in several product management challenges such as an increased complexity and volume of offerings, creating product variants, accelerating time-to-market, ability to provide multiple product views for varied stakeholders, leveraging OSS intelligence to BSS layer, product co-creation and increasing audit and security concerns for service providers. The document discusses how enterprise product management enabled by PLM-based product catalogue solutions helps to launch next generation products rapidly in the context of the Telecommunication Industry.   1.0.       Introduction   Figure 1: Business Scenario   Modern business demands the launch of complex products in a very short timeframe and effecting changes in the price plan faster without IT intervention. One of the key transformation initiatives companies are focusing on is in the area of product management transformation and operational efficiency improvement. As part of these initiatives, companies are investing in best- in-class COTs-based Product Management solutions developed on industry-wide standards.   The new COTs packages are planned to integrate with existing or new B/OSS systems to provide a strategic end-to-end agile solution for reduced time-to-market and order journey time. In addition, system rationalization is being undertaken to phase out legacy systems and migrate to strategic systems.   2.0.       An Overview of Product Management in Telecom   Product data in telecom is multi- dimensional and difficult to manage. It increased significantly due to the complexity of the product, product offerings on the converged network, increased volume of offerings, bundled offering structures and ever increasing regulatory requirements.   In addition, the shrinking product lifecycle in telecom makes it difficult to manage the dynamic product data. Mergers and acquisitions coupled with organic growth pose major challenges in product portfolio management. It is a roadblock in the journey towards becoming an agile organization.       Figure 2: Complexity in Product Management   Network Technology’ is the new dimension in telecom product management where the same products are realized through different networks i.e., Soiled network to Converged network. Consequently, the product solution is different.     Figure 3: Current Scenario - Pain Points in Product Management   The major business implications arising out of the current scenario are slow time-to-market and an inefficient process that affects innovation.   3.0. Transformation of Next Generation Product Management   Companies must focus on their Product Management Transformation Journey in the areas of:   ·       Management of single truth of product information across the organization/geographies which is currently managed in heterogeneous systems   ·       Management of the Intellectual Property (IP) on the product concept and partnership in the design of discrete components to integrate into the system   ·       Leveraging structured and unstructured product data within the extended enterprise to extract consumer insights and drive innovation   ·       Management of effective operational separation to comply with regulatory bodies   ·       Reuse of existing designs and add relevant features such as value-added services to enable effective product bundling     Figure 4: Next generation needs   PLM-based Enterprise Product Catalogue solutions efficiently address the above requirements and act as an enabler towards product management transformation and rapid product launch.   4.0. PLM-based Enterprise Product Management     Figure 5: PLM-based Enterprise Product Mastering   Enterprise Product Management (EPM) enables the business to manage complex product attributes of data in complex environments. Product Mastering helps create a 'single view' of the product by creating a business-driven, IT-supported environment where a global 'single truth record' is created, managed and reused.   4.1 The Business Case for Telco PLM-based solutions for Enterprise Product Management   ·       Telco PLM-based Product Mastering solutions provide a centralized authoring environment for product definition and control of all product data and rules   ·       PLM packages are designed to support multiple perspectives of product data (ordering perspective, billing perspective, provisioning perspective)   ·       Maintains relationships/links between different elements of the entire product definition   ·       Telco PLM packages are specialized in next generation lifecycle management requirements of products such as revision and state management, test and release management, role management and impact analysis)   ·       Takes into consideration all aspects of OSS product requirements compared to CRM product catalogue solutions where the product data managed is mostly order oriented and transactional     ·       New breed of Telco PLM packages are designed with 'open' standards such as SID and eTOM. They are interoperable, support integration frameworks such as subscription and notification.   ·       Telco PLM packages have developed good collaboration frameworks to integrate suppliers and partners into the product development value chain   4.2 Various Architectures/Approaches for Product Mastering using Telco PLM systems   4. 2.a Single Central Product Management (Mastering) Approach   Figure 6: Single Central Product Management (Master) Approach       This approach is implemented across verticals such as aerospace and automotive. It focuses on a physically centralized product master to which other sources are dependent on. The product definition data (Product bundles, service bundles, price plans, offers and discounts, product configuration rules and market campaigns) is created and maintained physically in a centralized environment. In addition, the product definition/authoring environment is centralized. The existing legacy product definition data available in CRM product catalogue, billing catalogue and the legacy product catalogue is migrated to the centralized PLM-based Enterprise Product Management solution.   Architectural changes must be made in the existing business landscape of applications to create and revise data because the applications have to refer to the central repository for approvals and validation of product configurations. It is achieved by modifying how the applications write data or how the applications can be adapted to use the rules to be managed and published.   Complete product configuration validation will be done in enterprise / central product catalogue and final configuration will be sent to the B/OSS system through the SOA compliant product distribution architecture. The approach/architecture enables greater control in terms of product data management and product data governance.   4.2.b Federated Product Management (Mastering) Architecture     Figure 7: Federated Product Management (Mastering) Architecture   In the federated product mastering approach, the basic unique product definition data (product id, description product hierarchy, basic price plans and simple product design rules) will be centrally created and will be maintained. And, the advanced product definition (Product bundling, promotions, offers & discount plans) will be created in respective down stream OSS systems. The advanced product definition (Product bundling, promotions, offers and discount plans) will be created in respective downstream OSS systems.   For example, basic product definitions such as attributes, product hierarchy and basic price plans will be created and maintained in Enterprise/Central product reference catalogue and distributed to downstream OSS systems. Respective downstream OSS systems build product bundles, promotions, advanced price plans over the basic product definition and master the advanced product definition. Central reference database accesses the respective other source product master data and assembles a point-in-time consolidated view of the product. The approach is typically adapted in some merger and acquisition scenarios where there is a low probability of a central physical authority managing the data. In addition, the migration effort in this case is minimal and there are no big architectural changes to the organization application landscape. However, this approach will not result in better product data management and data governance.   5.0 Customer Scenario – Before EPC deployment   A leading global telecommunications service provider wanted to launch a quad play and triple play service offering in the shortest possible lead time. The service provider was offering Broadband and VoIP services to customers. The company wanted to reuse a majority of the Broadband services and price plans and bundle them with new wireless and IPTV services for quad play and triple play. The challenges in launching the new service offerings were:       Figure 8: Triple Play Plan   ·       Broadband product data was stored in multiple product catalogues (CRM catalogue, Billing catalogue, spread sheets)   ·       Product managers spent a lot of time performing tasks involving duplication or re-keying of data. Manual effort caused errors, cost and time over-runs.   ·       No effective product and price data governance mechanism. Price change issues arising from the lack of data consistency across systems resulted in leakage of customer value and revenue.   ·       Product data had re-usability issues and was not in a structured format. It resulted in uncontrolled product portfolio creation and product management issues.   ·       Lack of enterprise product model resulted into product distribution challenges and thus delays in product launch.   ·       Designers are constrained by existing legacy product management solutions to model product/service requirements and product configuration rules such as upgrading, downgrading and cross selling.    5.1 Customer Scenario - After EPC deployment     Figure 9: SOA-based end-to-end EPC Solution   The company deployed PLM-based Enterprise Product Catalogue solutions to launch quad play service after evaluating various product catalogues. The broadband product offering, service and price data were migrated to the new system, and the product and price plan hierarchy for new offerings were created using the entities defined in the Enterprise Product Model. Supplier product catalogue data such as routers and set up boxes were loaded onto the new solution through SOA-based web service. Price plans and configuration rules were built in the new system. The validated final product configurations were extracted from the product catalogue in a SID format and were distributed to the downstream B/OSS systems through exposed SOA-based web services. The transformations required for the B/OSS system were handled using the transformation layer as part of the solution.   6.0 How PLM enabled Product Management Transformation         Figure 10: Product Management Transformation     PLM-based Product Catalogue Solution helped the customer reduce the product launch cycle time by 30% and enable transformation of Product Management for next generation services.   7.0 Conclusion   On the one hand, the telecom industry is undergoing changes due to disruptions, uncertain product markets and increased complexity of products. On the other hand, the ARPU is decreasing year-on-year. Communications Service Providers are embarking on convergence, bundled service offerings, flexibility to cross-sell and up-sell, introduce new value-added services, leverage Web 2.0 concepts and network capabilities. Consequently, large scale IT transformation initiatives to improve their ARPU supporting network and business transformations are a business imperative. Product Management has become a focus area. Companies are investing in best-in- class COTS solutions to reduce time-to-market, ensure rapid service delivery and improve operational efficiency. An efficient PLM-based enterprise product mastering solution plays a key role in achieving zero touch automation and rapid product launch.   References:   1.     Preston G.Smith, Donald G.Reineristsem, Van Nostrand Reinhold “Developing Products in Half the time”.   2.     John G. Innes, "Achieving Successful Product Change", Pitman Publishing.   3.     D T Pham and R M Setchi (16th Jan, 2001) "Authoring environment for documentation development" University of Wales Cardiff, U.K., Proceedings on Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 215, Part B.   4.     Oracle Product Hub for Communications:   http://www.oracle.com/us/products/applications/master-data-management/product-hub-082059.html  

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• UML class diagram vs ER database diagram

  - by salva84

  Hi, I'm a little confused, I'm developing a program, the program consist in two parts, the server and the clients, there are groups, places, messages... stored in the server, and the clients has to connect with it. I've design the use cases diagram, the activity diagrams, and I have design the class diagram too. The thing is that I want to implement the server in a mysql tables for storing the users, groups, places... users in groups... so I've designed a E-R diagram consisting in 6 tables, but the problem is that I think that my class diagram and my ER diagram looks too similar, I mean, I think I'm not doing things right because I have a class for each table practically, and when I have to extract all the users on my system, do I have to convert all the rows into objects at first and write in the database for each object modified? The easy choice for me would be to base my whole application only in the database, and making a class to extract and insert data in it, but I have to follow the UML specification and I'm a little confused what to do with the class diagram, because the books I have read say that I have to create a class for each "entity" of my program. Sorry for my bad English. Thank you.

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