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• How was Git designed?

  - by Mark Canlas

  My workplace recently switched to Git and I've been loving (and hating!) it. I really do love it, and it is extremely powerful. The only part I hate is that sometimes it's too powerful (and maybe a bit terse/confusing). My question is... How was Git designed? Just using it for a short amount of time, you get the feel that it can handle many obscure workflows that other version control systems could not. But it also feels elegant underneath. And fast! This is no doubt in part to Linus's talent. But I'm wondering, was the overall design of git based off of something? I've read about BitKeeper but the accounts are scant on technical details. The compression, the graphs, getting rid of revision numbers, emphasizing branching, stashing, remotes... Where did it all come from? Linus really knocked this one out of the park and on pretty much the first try! It's quite good to use once you're past the learning curve.

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• Tracking contributions from contributors not using git

  - by alex.jordan

  I have a central git repo located on a server. I have many contributors that are not tech savvy, do not have server access, and do not know anything about git. But they are able to contribute via the project's web side. Each of them logs on via a web browser and contributes to the project. I have set things up so that when they log on, each user's contributions are made into a cloned repo on the server that is specifically for that user. Periodically, I log on to the server, visit each of their repos, and do a git diff to make sure they haven't done anything bad. If all is well, I commit their changes and push them to the central repo. Of course I need to manually look at their changes so that I can add an appropriate commit message. But I would also like to track who made the changes. I am making the commit, and I (and the web server) are the only users that are actually writing anything to the server. I could track this in the commit messages. While this strikes me as wrong, if this is my only option, is there a way to make userx's cloned repo always include "userx: " before each commit message that I add, so that I do not have to remind myself which user's repo I am in? Or even better, is there an easy way for me to make the commit, but in such a way as I credit the user whose cloned repo I am in?

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• Single-developer GIT workflow (moving from straightforward FTP)

  - by melat0nin

  I'm trying to decide whether moving to VCS is sensible for me. I am a single web developer in a small organisation (5 people). I'm thinking of VCS (Git) for these reasons: version control, offsite backup, centralised code repository (can access from home). At the moment I work on a live server generally. I FTP in, make my edits and save them, then reupload and refresh. The edits are usually to theme/plugin files for CMSes (e.g. concrete5 or Wordpress). This works well but provides no backup and no version control. I'm wondering how best to integrate VCS into this procedure. I would envisage setting up a Git server on the company's web server, but I'm not clear how to push changes out to client accounts (usually VPSes on the same server) - at the moment I simply log into SFTP with their details and make the changes directly. I'm also not sure what would sensibly represent a repository - would each client's website get their own one? Any insights or experience would be really helpful. I don't think I need the full power of Git by any means, but basic version control and de facto cloud access would be really useful.

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• How can I write a clean Repository without exposing IQueryable to the rest of my application?

  - by Simucal

  So, I've read all the Q&A's here on SO regarding the subject of whether or not to expose IQueryable to the rest of your project or not (see here, and here), and I've ultimately decided that I don't want to expose IQueryable to anything but my Model. Because IQueryable is tied to certain persistence implementations I don't like the idea of locking myself into this. Similarly, I'm not sure how good I feel about classes further down the call chain modifying the actual query that aren't in the repository. So, does anyone have any suggestions for how to write a clean and concise Repository without doing this? One problem I see, is my Repository will blow up from a ton of methods for various things I need to filter my query off of. Having a bunch of: IEnumerable GetProductsSinceDate(DateTime date); IEnumberable GetProductsByName(string name); IEnumberable GetProductsByID(int ID); If I was allowing IQueryable to be passed around I could easily have a generic repository that looked like: public interface IRepository<T> where T : class { T GetById(int id); IQueryable<T> GetAll(); void InsertOnSubmit(T entity); void DeleteOnSubmit(T entity); void SubmitChanges(); } However, if you aren't using IQueryable then methods like GetAll() aren't really practical since lazy evaluation won't be taking place down the line. I don't want to return 10,000 records only to use 10 of them later. What is the answer here? In Conery's MVC Storefront he created another layer called the "Service" layer which received IQueryable results from the respository and was responsible for applying various filters. Is this what I should do, or something similar? Have my repository return IQueryable but restrict access to it by hiding it behind a bunch of filter classes like GetProductByName, which will return a concrete type like IList or IEnumerable?

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• How to get --detect-branches to work with git-p4?

  - by Michael Brennan

  My p4 repository has a structure similar to: //depot/project/branch1 //depot/project/branch2 //depot/project/branch3 ... etc However, when I use git-p4 to clone "project", all 3 branches are not considered as branches and all get cloned into the single master branch. This is how I'm invoking git-p4: git-p4 clone --detect-branches //depot/project I was expecting git-p4 to create a git database for "project" with three branches, and the root of the project would be mapped to the portion of the path after the branch name (for example: if //depot/project/branch1 has a subdirectory called "lib" (//depot/project/branch1/lib) then my local file system should be something like /git_project/lib with 3 git branches). Is what I'm expecting wrong? Am I invoking git-p4 incorrectly?

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• Allowing Remote Connection in IIS on Windows 7

  - by GiddyUpHorsey

  I'm trying to give access to a website in IIS on my Win 7 machine to another person on my network. He's unable to access it. I was wondering if perhaps it was because IIS isn't configured to allow remote connections (I seem to remember having to do this sort of thing on Win XP). I've hunted around in IIS and googled but am not finding a way to configure remote connections on Win 7. Some of the answers I've found seem to refer to Win Server 2008 and talk about a management service in IIS Manager, but it doesn't appear to be present on my machine.

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• what is Remote Desktop Services in Windows Server 2008 R2 all about?

  - by fejesjoco

  Seriously, I'm lost in all that sales mumbo-jumbo. Let's say I want 1 or 2 users to be able to remotely log on to a server, run Word, Visual Studio, Firefox, and whatever. Do I gain anything at all if I install Remote Desktop Services? Or do I just install Desktop Experience feature pack, enable remote desktop and voila, nobody will ever notice the difference? Here's what TechNet says about Remote Desktop Session Host: A Remote Desktop Session Host (RD Session Host) server is the server that hosts Windows-based programs or the full Windows desktop for Remote Desktop Services clients. Users can connect to an RD Session Host server to run programs, to save files, and to use network resources on that server. Users can access an RD Session Host server by using Remote Desktop Connection or by using RemoteApp. The good old simple remote desktop can also host a full Windows desktop for remote clients so that they can run programs, save files and do all that stuff. Why do they write about it like it's such a great new invention, besides that they want to sell it? RDSH doesn't seem all that different at all. What do I install when I install RDSH, since all those features are already there in Windows? What's even more confusing is that you need to take special care when you want to install applications to an RDSH so that they will be usable by many concurrent users. Why? All the modern applications install the program files in one directory, store some common settings in the ProgramData folder and the HKLM hive, and store user specific settings in the Users folder and the HKCU hive. They are designed to be usable by many users on the same machine. 2 or 2000 users can use them concurrently without any efforts. I can sign in with 2 users to a server with only remote desktop enabled, and both of us can run Word or anything without any problems, can't we? So what changes if I set RDSH to install mode, or what happens if I don't? Why is the feature to switch between install and execute mode there at all? Yes I know of some advantages in Remote Desktop Services, like there's no 2 user limit, it supports virtualization, video acceleration and stuff, it has a whole infrastructure with gateway, web access, connection broker, etc. But I don't need those, so if you take these away, how are these two technologies different? From the articles it seems like they are completely different technologies, whereas it looks to me that they are completely the same at the core, and Remote Desktop Services just adds some additional features, but doesn't reinvent anything.

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• transparently set up Windows 7 as remote workstation

  - by Áxel

  Maybe is a very basic question, but I can't find the exact terms to Google for it and find the concrete answer to my doubt. Suppose we have several PCs in which individual employees work. One of them has an extremely powerful CPU, and it's very useful to use that computer to perform heavy computations, but go there and set up your task means its user has to stop working for a while. Is it possible to allow a secondary user account to remotly log in, for example via Remote Desktop, and work with a full user environment, while the main user keeps working under his user session? I've used remote desktop many times in the past, but it always blocked current user session, or even terminated it. Lots of thanks in advance guys.

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• When to delete a branch in Git

  - by Jo-Herman Haugholt

  I have a script project I've been managing with Git. Besides two main branches, several minor branches have been introduced over time to cover minor features, tweaks or temporary changes. Some of these branches are nearing end-of-life, and I won't be updating them any more. What's the different philosophies for handling branches like this? Should they be removed, or left in the repository unmaintained? If I do, won't I end up with a cluttered repository?

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• Setting up Git / Apache on Windows

  - by yodaj007

  I'm following this tutorial to set up a personal Git server on Apache on my Windows 7 box. However, when I add the following to my httpd.conf, Apache throws an error when I try to start it. Can anyone assist in fixing whatever is wrong? SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT C:/Repositories SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL ScriptAliasMatch "(?x)^/(.*/(HEAD | info/refs | objects/(info/[^/]+ | [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx)) | git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" "C:/Program Files (x86)/git/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend.exe/$1" This is a fresh install of Apache. The only other change I've made to the config file is telling Apache to listen on port 9000 (IIS is listening on 80). This is the error from my event logs: The Apache service named reported the following error: ScriptAliasMatch takes two arguments, a regular expression and a filename . I tried putting all of the text on one line, like so: ScriptAliasMatch "(?x)^/(.*/(HEAD | info/refs | objects/(info/[^/]+ | [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx)) | git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" "C:/Program Files (x86)/git/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend.exe/$1" But nada.

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• Update git on mac

  - by Meltemi

  I can't remember how I installed git a while back....but now it's living in /usr/bin/git and needs to be updated. I don't care how (pre-compiled or build my own) but what I don't want is another version existing somewhere else. i vaguely remember curl(ing) down the source & compiling it. but not positive. anyway, what's the easiest way to keep Git up-to-date under Mac OS X? Side question: I'm not that familiar with git. once it's installed is it ENTIRELY contained within its directory? so, in my case, everything about git on my machine (excluding the actual code repositories of course) is in /usr/bin/git/ ? If so then can I just move git around with a simple mv -R /usr/bin/git /opt/git? Then update my $PATH and everything should work as before? if so then i supposed i could just install again by any method and to any directory...and then move the new one into /usr/bin replacing the old version?!? Or is this bad?

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• Problems installing GIT on Ubuntu through SSH

  - by jamadri

  I'm having trouble installing git using this command: sudo apt-get install git-core It's giving me the problems below and I'm not quite sure how to get this to work correctly. I try running sudo apt-get update and after it just gives me problems. If anyone knows how to solve this or a possible way of getting GIT on your machine differently it would be of much help. I've never had a problem with using apt-get. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! liberror-perl git-core patch Install these packages without verification [y/N]? y Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com jaunty/main git-core 1:1.6.0.4-1ubuntu2 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com jaunty/main patch 2.5.9-5 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/git-core/git-core_1.6.0.4- 1ubuntu2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/patch/patch_2.5.9- 5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? Anything reply that can help fix this would be helpful. I'm not sure if it's the git servers or my connection that might be the problem. I've used apt-get to pull other things, it's just failing with git.

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• Using git pull to track a remote branch without merging

  - by J Barlow

  I am using git to track content which is changed by some people and shared "read-only" with others. The "readers" may from time to time need to make a change, but mostly they will not. I want to allow for the git "writers" to rebase pushed branches** if need be, and ensure that the "readers" never accidentally get a merge. That's normally easy enough. git pull origin +master There's one case that seems to cause problems. If a reader makes a local change, the command above will merge. I want pull to be fully automatic if the reader has not made local changes, while if they have made local changes, it should stop and ask for input. I want to track any upstream changes while being careful about merging downstream changes. In a way, I don't really want to pull. I want to track the master branch exactly. ** (I know this is not a best practice, but it seems necessary in our case: we have one main branch that contains most of the work and some topic branches for specific customers with minor changes that need to be isolated. It seems easiest to frequently rebase to keep the topics up to date.)

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• Using git svn with some awkward permissions

  - by Migs

  Due to some funky permissions on our client's side that we can't change, we have a project whose hierarchy looks something like: projectname/trunk: foo/, bar/, baz/ projectname/branches: branch1/, branch2/ (where branch1 and branch2 each contain foo, bar, and baz.) The thing is, I have no permission to access trunk, so I can't just do a clone of project/trunk. I do have permission to access branches. What I am currently doing is checking out each subdirectory individually via git svn clone, so that each one has their own git repo. I use a script to update/commit them all, but what I would prefer to do is to check them all out under a single repo, and be able to commit changes with a single call to git svn dcommit. Is this possible? I mentioned the branches hierarchy because if possible, I'd also like to be able to track the branches the way I could if the permissions were more sane. I've tried permuting a lot of options that sounded useful, but I haven't found one that gives me exactly what I want. I sense that the solution may have something to do with --no-minimize-url, but I'm not even sure about that, as it didn't help me when I tried it.

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• Mirror git to svn

  - by Pydev UA

  I have a primary git repository for an opensource project I want to mirror all commits to svn repository (on code.google.com), does it possible ?

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• svn (with git frontend) branch merging with different directory structure

  - by Fu86

  I have a subversion repository with a directory structure: frontend backend + a + b In a other branch, someone had put the sub-folders a and b in the root directory and delete the other stuff (frontend, backend). a b Now i have to merge this branch back into the trunk (backend-folder). How can I do that to dont lose the history from the branches? I use git to access and work with the subversion repository.

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• One server with multiple desktops "heads" with VNC

  - by Alexis K

  I am managing a system of kiosks. Each kiosk currently is running a web browser with the application for the kiosk running in the browser. Each kiosk needs to be able to display separate content. At times, the application running in the web browser freezes. Thus, I have to go out to the site to refresh the page. I want to see if there is a way to have one central server that has multiple browser heads. Then each kiosk would run a program like VNC to display one of the heads. This way when the program freezes, I just have to login to the central server and refresh the page. Getting VNC or another remote desktop software installed on the clients is no problem. What I am looking for is a way to have VNC remote into a specific head of a head of a web browser. Does such a thing exist? Or do I have to run a VM for each kiosk to remote into? Any advice, pointers, or solutions would be helpful.

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• git: rename remote branch

  - by Albert

  I have the branch master which tracks the remote branch origin/master. I want to rename them to "master-old" both locally and remote. Is that possible? For other users who tracked origin/master (and who updated their local master branch always just via 'git pull'), what whould happen after I renamed the renamed the remote branch. Would their 'git pull' still work or would it throw an error that it coudln't find origin/master anymore? Then, further on, I want to create a new master branch (both locally and remote). Again, after I did this, what would happen now if the other users do the 'git pull' now? I guess all this would result in a lot of trouble. Is there a clean way to get what I want? Or should I just leave master as it is and create a new branch master-new and just work there further on?

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• Git: can I store known repositories along the repository?

  - by 0x6adb015

  I am setting up a Git repository. I know you can add repositories using git config --global, but is there a way that those known repositories gets cloned by users? The goal would be that once the repo gets cloned by userz, they can push to other repos just by their aliases. For example, I add git://X/mobility.git as X to the repo (somehow), a user clone it from git://Y, but then can do git push X without previously doing the git config. How to do that?

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• How to use git feature branches with live updates and merge back to master?

  - by karlthorwald

  I have a production website where master is checked out and a development webiste where I develop in feature branches. When a feature is merged into master I do this on the development site: (currently on the new-feature branch) $ git commit -m"new feature finished" $ git push $ git checkout master $ git merge new-feature $ git push And on the production site: (currently on master branch) $git pull This works for me. But sometimes the client calls and needs a small change on the website quickly. I can do this on production on master and push master and this works fine. But when I use a feature branch for the small change I get a gap: (On production on branch master) $ git branch quick-feature $ git checkout quick-feature $ git push origin quick-feature $ edit files... $ git add . $ git commit -m"quick changes" $ git push # until this point the changes are live $ git checkout master #now the changes are not live anymore GAP $ git merge quick-feature # now the changes are live again $ git push I hope I could make clear the intention of this workflow. Can you recommend something better?

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• How do I get a remote tracking branch to stay up to date with remote origin in a bare Git repository?

  - by Beau Simensen

  I am trying to maintain a bare copy of a Git repository and having some issues keeping the remote tracking branches up to date. I create the remote tracking branches like this: git branch -t 0.1 origin/0.1 This seems to do what I need to do for that point in time. However, if I make changes to origin and then fetch with the bare repo, things start to fall apart. My workflow looks like this: git fetch origin It looks like all of the commits come in at that point, but my local copy of 0.1 is not being updated. I can see that the changes have been brought into the repository by doing the following: git diff 0.1 refs/remotes/origin/0.1 What do I need to do to get my tracking branch updated with the remote's updates? I feel like I must be missing a step or a flag somewhere.

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• Git: How do I rewind the Master branch on the remote origin

  - by user277260

  I made 5 commits to Master branch when bug hunting on a private project and pushed them to the remote origin (my own private vps). Then I saw that commits 4 and 5 were going to cause trouble elsewhere and I need to undo them, so I checked out commit 3 again, made a new branch "Dev" from that point, and did a few more commits fixing the issue properly. Then I did git reset --hard HEAD~2 on Master to pull it back to the point that I branched Dev. Then I did git merge to fast forward Master back to the end of the Dev branch. So now I have a local repository, with Dev and Master both pointing to the same, up to date version of the project with the latest bug fix. Problem is, when I try to push the project now to the origin, it fails and gives me an error message: ! [rejected] master - master (non-fast forward) error: failed to push some refs to 'myserver...myproject.git' What have I done wrong, and how do I fix it? Thanks

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• Install Git under OSX Mavericks

  - by Jan Hancic

  I've just completed a fresh install of Mavericks. Then I went to git-scm.com and downloaded the Mac installer and installed Git from that. Now whenever I go into the terminal and type git I get this: xcode-select: note: no developer tools were found at '/Applications/Xcode.app', requesting install. Choose an option in the dialog to download the command line developer tools. I also this dialog: The git installer installed git into /usr/local/git/bin and I've added this to my PATH but still no dice. What am I doing wrong here? I don't want to install xcode just so I can use git.

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• beanstalk using php-git on windows client

  - by ntidote

  I am trying to install beanstalk for php using git. I am using a Windows Client machine. I am done with the prerequisite installations , credentials setup. I am following the link http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/create_deploy_PHP.sdlc.html The following step does not workout (i use git bash for git related commands) From your Git repository directory, type the following command. git aws.config This gives the error git : 'aws.config' is not a git command. Please suggest how to deal with the issue.

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• git init --bare permission denied on 16gb USB stick

  - by Sour Lemon

  I am using GIT on a Windows 7 machine (64 bit) and have been learning how to use GIT to version control my files. Now I want to be able to create a --bare repository on an external device (in this case a 16gb USB stick) but unfortunately when I try to create a --bare repository on it I get the following error: f:/: Permission denied I am using the GIT Bash program which is installed with GIT on Windows machines, so these are the commands I am typing in (I am also opening the program as administrator by holding ctrl + shift when I open it) cd /f git init --bare f:/: Permission denied However if I create a normal repository it works just fine: cd /f git init Initialized empty repository in f:/.git/ Can anybody shed some light on why I can't create a --bare repository? Any help would be much appreciated.

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