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  • Why do I have to have CapsLock permanently ON

    - by Patrick Mann
    Initially, I believed this was on OpenOffice problem but Abiword and, indeed, Gedit, display the same problem, so it must be an Ubuntu glitch. I was typing a document and used CapsLock when creating a title. Now, when I turn CapsLock off, everything is in caps - when I turn it on, everything is in lower case. I can cope with this if I leave CapsLock on permanently but this is not what is supposed to happen. CapsLock OFF = NO CAPS (or should do!). Can anybody help with this? I've searched around this forum but, not being much of a forum user, I was unable to find a solution. It's entirely possible that I had a 'finger-fit' and hit a combo of buttons which included CapsLock but I don't remember doing that. I'm running Ubuntu Netbook Edition 10.04 on an HP Intel PC. If you need any more System specific stuff, just shout. Thanks, Patrick

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  • Replace %26 in htaccess to %2526

    - by Patrick
    I would like htaccess to rewrite example.com/something_%26_else into example.com/something_%2526_else. I'm importing a bunch of pages that have ampersands in the title from Mediawiki. These are encoded as %26. Drupal, for various reasons, has decided double encode the url it to have it become %2526. I simply can't create the alisis within Drupal so I have to use htaccess This is what I have as my rule so far as RewriteRule ^w/([^%26]+)\%26(.*)$ w/$1\%2526$2 [R=301] I asked this question three months ago on stackexchange and was not able to get it working. I tried hiring a contractor for this but was unable to find one. So this my last ditch effort before I completely give up. I really appreciate the help. All the best, Patrick

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  • Emacs/xterm color annoyance on Linux

    - by tgamblin
    I'm using emacs in a console window both on my local Linux box and on the login node of a remote cluster. I use emacs regularly, and I've got the foreground color set to white in my .emacs file like so: (set-foreground-color "white") (set-background-color "black") However, when I run emacs, the foreground isn't white; it's grey and very hard to read. On my Mac, emacs in a console window with the same settings shows up as proper white. But on both linux boxes, in konsole and xterm, it's grey. In case it matters, I've got TERM set to xterm-color, the desktop is running RHEL 5, and the cluster node is running RHEL 4 (CentOS). Is this some default with how Linux sets up terminal colors? How do I get white to be white? Note: this is with console emacs, not emacs under X. That's emacs -nw if you have DISPLAY set.

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  • Inserting THEAD element into embedded HTML using jQuery

    - by robalot
    I'm trying to use jQuery to insert HTML into a table element. I've been messing variations of the selector (below) with no luck. Can someone help me? My Selector: $j('#ctl00_body_gridData_dom').children('table:first').append("<thead><tr><td colspan='6'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center' colspan='7'>EM SPECS</td><td align='center' colspan='7'>FISH</td><td colspan='11'>&nbsp;</td></tr></thead>"); Here's what I am trying to do... I want to insert this: <thead> <tr> <td colspan="6"> &nbsp; </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> EM SPECS </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> FISH </td> <td colspan="11"> &nbsp; </td> </tr> </thead> The sample below is what I want the end result to look like... So It Looks Like This: Jquery Event Pool <table id="ctl00_body_gridData" style="width: 2000px; -moz-user-select: none;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_dom" class="GridData" style="vertical-align: top; height: 245px;" valign="top"> <table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <thead> <tr> <td colspan="6"> &nbsp; </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> EM SPECS </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> FISH </td> <td colspan="11"> &nbsp; </td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr id="ctl00_body_gridData_top_head" class="headerlineGrid"> <td width="16"> <div style="width: 16px;"></div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,4,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,4,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,0,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,4,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,4,0)" style="width: 89px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 89px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Work<br>Package</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,6,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,6,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,1,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,6,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,6,0)" style="width: 62px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 62px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Work<br>Order</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,9,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,9,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,2,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,9,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,9,0)" style="width: 66px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 66px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> FCR<br>Group</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,12,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,12,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,3,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,12,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,12,0)" style="width: 105px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 105px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center">Contractor</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,15,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,15,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,4,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,15,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,15,0)" style="width: 159px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 159px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Capital/Expense<br>Group</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,19,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,19,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,5,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,19,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,19,0)" style="width: 99px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 99px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center">Cost Type</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,20,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,20,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,6,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,20,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,20,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Commit<br>Dollars</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,21,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,21,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,7,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,21,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,21,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Commit<br>Hours</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,22,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,22,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,8,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,22,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,22,0)" style="width: 86px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 86px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Commit<br>Quantity</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,23,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,23,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,9,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,23,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,23,0)" style="width: 76px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 76px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Control<br>Budget</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,24,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,24,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,10,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,24,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,24,0)" style="width: 46px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 46px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center">FTC</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,25,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,25,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,11,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,25,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,25,0)" style="width: 88px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 88px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Total<br>Forecast</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,26,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,26,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,12,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,26,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,26,0)" style="width: 50px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 50px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br>COB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,27,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,27,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,13,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,27,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,27,0)" style="width: 49px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 49px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br>CCB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,28,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,28,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,14,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,28,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,28,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br> Commit<br>$</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,29,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,29,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,15,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,29,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,29,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br> Commit<br>Hours</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,30,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,30,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,16,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,30,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,30,0)" style="width: 86px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 86px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br> Commit<br>Quantity</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,31,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,31,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,17,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,31,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,31,0)" style="width: 95px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 95px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br>% Compl.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,32,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,32,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,18,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,32,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,32,0)" style="width: 105px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 105px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Contractor<br>CFTC</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_0" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Engineering</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_1" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Pipe</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_2" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Concrete</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_3" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Insulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_4" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Buildings</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>

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  • Design by Contract with Microsoft .Net Code Contract

    - by Fredrik N
    I have done some talks on different events and summits about Defensive Programming and Design by Contract, last time was at Cornerstone’s Developer Summit 2010. Next time will be at SweNug (Sweden .Net User Group). I decided to write a blog post about of some stuffs I was talking about. Users are a terrible thing! Protect your self from them ”Human users have a gift for doing the worst possible thing at the worst possible time.” – Michael T. Nygard, Release It! The kind of users Michael T. Nygard are talking about is the users of a system. We also have users that uses our code, the users I’m going to focus on is the users of our code. Me and you and another developers. “Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good programmers write code that humans can understand.” – Martin Fowler Good programmers also writes code that humans know how to use, good programmers also make sure software behave in a predictable manner despise inputs or user actions. Design by Contract   Design by Contract (DbC) is a way for us to make a contract between us (the code writer) and the users of our code. It’s about “If you give me this, I promise to give you this”. It’s not about business validations, that is something completely different that should be part of the domain model. DbC is to make sure the users of our code uses it in a correct way, and that we can rely on the contract and write code in a way where we know that the users will follow the contract. It will make it much easier for us to write code with a contract specified. Something like the following code is something we may see often: public void DoSomething(Object value) { value.DoIKnowThatICanDoThis(); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Where “value” can be uses directly or passed to other methods and later be used. What some of us can easily forget here is that the “value” can be “null”. We will probably not passing a null value, but someone else that uses our code maybe will do it. I think most of you (including me) have passed “null” into a method because you don’t know if the argument need to be specified to a valid value etc. I bet most of you also have got the “Null reference exception”. Sometimes this “Null reference exception” can be hard and take time to fix, because we need to search among our code to see where the “null” value was passed in etc. Wouldn’t it be much better if we can as early as possible specify that the value can’t not be null, so the users of our code also know it when the users starts to use our code, and before run time execution of the code? This is where DbC comes into the picture. We can use DbC to specify what we need, and by doing so we can rely on the contract when we write our code. So the code above can actually use the DoIKnowThatICanDoThis() method on the value object without being worried that the “value” can be null. The contract between the users of the code and us writing the code, says that the “value” can’t be null.   Pre- and Postconditions   When working with DbC we are specifying pre- and postconditions.  Precondition is a condition that should be met before a query or command is executed. An example of a precondition is: “The Value argument of the method can’t be null”, and we make sure the “value” isn’t null before the method is called. Postcondition is a condition that should be met when a command or query is completed, a postcondition will make sure the result is correct. An example of a postconditon is “The method will return a list with at least 1 item”. Commands an Quires When using DbC, we need to know what a Command and a Query is, because some principles that can be good to follow are based on commands and queries. A Command is something that will not return anything, like the SQL’s CREATE, UPDATE and DELETE. There are two kinds of Commands when using DbC, the Creation commands (for example a Constructor), and Others. Others can for example be a Command to add a value to a list, remove or update a value etc. //Creation commands public Stack(int size) //Other commands public void Push(object value); public void Remove(); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   A Query, is something that will return something, for example an Attribute, Property or a Function, like the SQL’s SELECT.   There are two kinds of Queries, the Basic Queries  (Quires that aren’t based on another queries), and the Derived Queries, queries that is based on another queries. Here is an example of queries of a Stack: //Basic Queries public int Count; public object this[int index] { get; } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } To understand about some principles that are good to follow when using DbC, we need to know about the Commands and different Queries. The 6 Principles When working with DbC, it’s advisable to follow some principles to make it easier to define and use contracts. The following DbC principles are: Separate commands and queries. Separate basic queries from derived queries. For each derived query, write a postcondition that specifies what result will be returned, in terms of one or more basic queries. For each command, write a postcondition that specifies the value of every basic query. For every query and command, decide on a suitable precondition. Write invariants to define unchanging properties of objects. Before I will write about each of them I want you to now that I’m going to use .Net 4.0 Code Contract. I will in the rest of the post uses a simple Stack (Yes I know, .Net already have a Stack class) to give you the basic understanding about using DbC. A Stack is a data structure where the first item in, will be the first item out. Here is a basic implementation of a Stack where not contract is specified yet: public class Stack { private object[] _array; //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { return _array[index]; } set { _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { return this[Count]; } //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { this[Count] = null; Count--; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   Note: The Stack is implemented in a way to demonstrate the use of Code Contract in a simple way, the implementation may not look like how you would implement it, so don’t think this is the perfect Stack implementation, only used for demonstration.   Before I will go deeper into the principles I will simply mention how we can use the .Net Code Contract. I mention before about pre- and postcondition, is about “Require” something and to “Ensure” something. When using Code Contract, we will use a static class called “Contract” and is located in he “System.Diagnostics.Contracts” namespace. The contract must be specified at the top or our member statement block. To specify a precondition with Code Contract we uses the Contract.Requires method, and to specify a postcondition, we uses the Contract.Ensure method. Here is an example where both a pre- and postcondition are used: public object Top() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0, "Stack is empty"); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   The contract above requires that the Count is greater than 0, if not we can’t get the item at the Top of a Stack. We also Ensures that the results (By using the Contract.Result method, we can specify a postcondition that will check if the value returned from a method is correct) of the Top query is equal to this[Count].   1. Separate Commands and Queries   When working with DbC, it’s important to separate Command and Quires. A method should either be a command that performs an Action, or returning information to the caller, not both. By asking a question the answer shouldn’t be changed. The following is an example of a Command and a Query of a Stack: public void Push(object value) public object Top() .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   The Push is a command and will not return anything, just add a value to the Stack, the Top is a query to get the item at the top of the stack.   2. Separate basic queries from derived queries There are two different kinds of queries,  the basic queries that doesn’t rely on another queries, and derived queries that uses a basic query. The “Separate basic queries from derived queries” principle is about about that derived queries can be specified in terms of basic queries. So this principles is more about recognizing that a query is a derived query or a basic query. It will then make is much easier to follow the other principles. The following code shows a basic query and a derived query: //Basic Queries public uint Count; //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   We can see that IsEmpty will use the Count query, and that makes the IsEmpty a Derived query.   3. For each derived query, write a postcondition that specifies what result will be returned, in terms of one or more basic queries.   When the derived query is recognize we can follow the 3ed principle. For each derived query, we can create a postcondition that specifies what result our derived query will return in terms of one or more basic queries. Remember that DbC is about contracts between the users of the code and us writing the code. So we can’t use demand that the users will pass in a valid value, we must also ensure that we will give the users what the users wants, when the user is following our contract. The IsEmpty query of the Stack will use a Count query and that will make the IsEmpty a Derived query, so we should now write a postcondition that specified what results will be returned, in terms of using a basic query and in this case the Count query, //Basic Queries public uint Count; //Derived Queries public bool IsEmpty() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<bool>() == (Count == 0)); return Count == 0; } The Contract.Ensures is used to create a postcondition. The above code will make sure that the results of the IsEmpty (by using the Contract.Result to get the result of the IsEmpty method) is correct, that will say that the IsEmpty will be either true or false based on Count is equal to 0 or not. The postcondition are using a basic query, so the IsEmpty is now following the 3ed principle. We also have another Derived Query, the Top query, it will also need a postcondition and it uses all basic queries. The Result of the Top method must be the same value as the this[] query returns. //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { return _array[index]; } set { _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   4. For each command, write a postcondition that specifies the value of every basic query.   For each command we will create a postconditon that specifies the value of basic queries. If we look at the Stack implementation we will have three Commands, one Creation command, the Constructor, and two others commands, Push and Remove. Those commands need a postcondition and they should include basic query to follow the 4th principle. //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Contract.Ensures(Count == 0); Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) + 1); Contract.Ensures(this[Count] == value); this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   As you can see the Create command will Ensures that Count will be 0 when the Stack is created, when a Stack is created there shouldn’t be any items in the stack. The Push command will take a value and put it into the Stack, when an item is pushed into the Stack, the Count need to be increased to know the number of items added to the Stack, and we must also make sure the item is really added to the Stack. The postconditon of the Push method will make sure the that old value of the Count (by using the Contract.OldValue we can get the value a Query has before the method is called)  plus 1 will be equal to the Count query, this is the way we can ensure that the Push will increase the Count with one. We also make sure the this[] query will now contain the item we pushed into the Stack. The Remove method must make sure the Count is decreased by one when the top item is removed from the Stack. The Commands is now following the 4th principle, where each command now have a postcondition that used the value of basic queries. Note: The principle says every basic Query, the Remove only used one Query the Count, it’s because this command can’t use the this[] query because an item is removed, so the only way to make sure an item is removed is to just use the Count query, so the Remove will still follow the principle.   5. For every query and command, decide on a suitable precondition.   We have now focused only on postcondition, now time for some preconditons. The 5th principle is about deciding a suitable preconditon for every query and command. If we starts to look at one of our basic queries (will not go through all Queries and commands here, just some of them) the this[] query, we can’t pass an index that is lower then 1 (.Net arrays and list are zero based, but not the stack in this blog post ;)) and the index can’t be lesser than the number of items in the stack. So here we will need a preconditon. public object this[uint index] { get { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); return _array[index]; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Think about the Contract as an documentation about how to use the code in a correct way, so if the contract could be specified elsewhere (not part of the method body), we could simply write “return _array[index]” and there is no need to check if index is greater or lesser than Count, because that is specified in a “contract”. The implementation of Code Contract, requires that the contract is specified in the code. As a developer I would rather have this contract elsewhere (Like Spec#) or implemented in a way Eiffel uses it as part of the language. Now when we have looked at one Query, we can also look at one command, the Remove command (You can see the whole implementation of the Stack at the end of this blog post, where precondition is added to more queries and commands then what I’m going to show in this section). We can only Remove an item if the Count is greater than 0. So we can write a precondition that will require that Count must be greater than 0. public void Remove() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   6. Write invariants to define unchanging properties of objects.   The last principle is about making sure the object are feeling great! This is done by using invariants. When using Code Contract we can specify invariants by adding a method with the attribute ContractInvariantMethod, the method must be private or public and can only contains calls to Contract.Invariant. To make sure the Stack feels great, the Stack must have 0 or more items, the Count can’t never be a negative value to make sure each command and queries can be used of the Stack. Here is our invariant for the Stack object: [ContractInvariantMethod] private void ObjectInvariant() { Contract.Invariant(Count >= 0); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   Note: The ObjectInvariant method will be called every time after a Query or Commands is called. Here is the full example using Code Contract:   public class Stack { private object[] _array; //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); return _array[index]; } set { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<bool>() == (Count == 0)); return Count == 0; } //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0, "Stack is empty"); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Contract.Requires(size > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == 0); Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { Contract.Requires(value != null); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) + 1); Contract.Ensures(this[Count] == value); this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } [ContractInvariantMethod] private void ObjectInvariant() { Contract.Invariant(Count >= 0); } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Summary By using Design By Contract we can make sure the users are using our code in a correct way, and we must also make sure the users will get the expected results when they uses our code. This can be done by specifying contracts. To make it easy to use Design By Contract, some principles may be good to follow like the separation of commands an queries. With .Net 4.0 we can use the Code Contract feature to specify contracts.

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  • Onsite Interview : QA Engineer with more Emphasis on Java Skills

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  • Comparison of phrases containing the same word in Google Trends

    - by alisia123
    If I compare three phrases in google trends : house sale house white house I get the following numbers: house - 91 sale house - 3 white house - 2 The question is: Is "sale house" and "white house" already included in the number 91? It is an important question, because if it is true, than: house_except_sale_house + sale_house = 91 sale_house = 3 Which means I have to compare 88 and 3, if I compare "house" and "sale house"

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  • Read SQL Server Reporting Services Overview

    - by Editor
    Read an excellent, 14-page, general overview of Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services entitled White Paper: Reporting Services in SQL Server 2008. Download the White Paper. (360 KB Microsoft Word file) White Paper: Reporting Services in SQL Server 2008 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services provides a complete server-based platform that is designed to support a wide variety [...]

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  • How can I change my "Desktop bar"?

    - by d_Joke
    The problem: In Gnome 3.4 when I click the main menu, it's white. The text of the menu is also white. Original text: I have a problem. When I installed the new version of Gnome (3.4) the "Desktop bar" (I'm sorry, I don't know what's the real name of that bar, but is the bar on the top on Ubuntu 11.10) every time I click on the username icon, or the battery, etc., the menu comes on gray or white and the letters are white. I know maybe this is a stupid question but it annoys me. Besides, my username doest not appear on the login screen. I tried to reset my settings, I delete gnome, and check the Unsettings and CompizConfig but the problem is still there. Maybe I miss something on the process of looking on any configuration tool but I don't think so... Sorry if the question is something basic or even stupid but I'm new on Ubuntu and I'm experimenting whit it.

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  • WPF4 Unleashed - how does converting child elements work?

    - by Kapol
    In chapter 2 of the book WPF4 Unleashed the author shows an example of how XAML processes type conversion. He states that <SolidColorBrush>White</SolidColorBrush> is equivalent to <SolidColorBrush Color="White"/> , because a string can be converted into a SolidColorBrush object. But how is that enough? It doesn't make sense to me. How does XAML know to which property should the value White be assigned?

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  • Natural Search Engine Optimization - Don't "Game the System" Or You Will Get Banned!

    When focusing on natural search engine optimization, it is important that you keep the process "white hat." You see, when it comes to SEO, there are basically three schools of thought: White hat, Gray hat, and Black hat. As you can probably infer, white hat is following the rules, gray hat is a little in between, and black hat is going against parameters that Google and other major search engines have set for ethical SEO practices.

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  • What browser is sending user agent beginning mozilla/5.0+, tramslates & into &amp;

    - by Patrick
    We've got a website which has been running for a few years now. One of our customers has just started having an intermittent problem. Looking at our iis6.0 logs the service works correctly when they have a user agent beginning "mozilla/4.0+" but fails when the user agent begins "mozilla/5.0+". The particular customer only started having this problem on Wednesday. Does anyone know the browser/upgrade which changes the 4.0 to 5.0? The actual problem caused is that an "&" in a url parameter list is being encoded as "&amp;". Anyone seen anything similar? We have other users sending from browsers with the 5.0+ user agent without trouble. Sorry about the tags but don't have the rep to create new ones. Thanks in advance, Patrick Edit: hi Viper_sb, It is most probably a custom script (I'm primarily a c++ developer so don't really understand). Our site services requests from other customer developed sites, this one was done in Java script as far as I know. we're actually getting a variety of user agents (presumably depending on which of our customers customers is accessing the service), here's a few: Mozilla/5.0+(Windows;+U;+Windows+NT+6.1;+fr;+rv:1.9.1.11)+Gecko/20100701+Firefox/3.5.11 Mozilla/5.0+(Windows;+U;+Windows+NT+5.1;+en-US)+AppleWebKit/533.4+(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Chrome/5.0.375.126+Safari/533.4 302 0 0 Mozilla/5.0+(Macintosh;+U;+PPC+Mac+OS+X;+fr)+AppleWebKit/523.12+(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Version/3.0.4+Safari/523.12 Mozilla/5.0+(Windows;+U;+Windows+NT+5.1;+en-US;+rv:1.9.2.8)+Gecko/20100722+Firefox/3.6.8 Mozilla/5.0+(Windows;+U;+Windows+NT+5.1;+fr;+rv:1.9.2.8)+Gecko/20100722+Firefox/3.6.8+(.NET+CLR+3.5.30729)

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  • Why is 1px sometimes 2px when specified in Android XML?

    - by Daniel Lew
    I've got a desire for a one-pixel divider line, just for looks. I thought I could accomplish this using a View of height 1px, with a defined background. However, I'm getting some very odd behavior on different devices - sometimes the 1px ends up as 2px. Take this sample layout for example: <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> </LinearLayout> When run on my G1, this comes out fine. But on the Nexus One, it alternates between 1px lines and 2px lines. Does anyone know where this is going awry? Why does Android sometimes make 1px into 2px?

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  • Problem when setting up Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud

    - by Patrick
    Hi, I have a problem when setting up Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud. When I use this command:- euca-authorize default -P tcp -p 22 -s 0.0.0.0/0 The system says:- EC2_ACCESS_KEY environment variable must be set. Can anyone help me on this? How can I solve this problem? Thank you. Patrick

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  • Apple, Time Capsule: can I use it for servers ?

    - by Patrick
    hi, i was wondering if I can use Time Capsule from a server. Let's say I have an ubuntu server, and I'm running some websites and web applications on it. I would install these appications on ubuntu but then store the "file folders" of each website or application (with images, videos, etc.. ) on Airport capsule and leave only the application files on the server. Is this feasable ? Thanks Patrick

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  • Shortest Path algorithm of a different kind

    - by Ram Bhat
    Hey guys, Lets say you have a grid like this (made randomly) Now lets say you have a car starting randomly from one of the while boxes, what would be the shortest path to go through each one of the white boxes? you can visit each white box as many times as you want and cant Jump over the black boxes. The black boxes are like walls. In simple words you can move from white box to white box only.. You can move in any direction, even diagonally.

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  • Ajax Tabs implementation problem .

    - by SmartDev
    Hi , I have Implement ajax tabs and i have four tabs in it . In the four tabs i have four grid views with paging and sorting .The tabs are looking good i can see the grid ,but the problem is my first tab sorting works fine, where if i click on any other tab and click on the grid it goes to my first tab again . One more thing i want to change the background color of each tab. Can anyone help please here is my source code: <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server"> <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScMMyTabs" runat="server"> </asp:ScriptManager> <cc1:TabContainer ID="TCMytabs" ActiveTabIndex="0" runat="server"> <cc1:TabPanel ID="TpMyreq" runat="server" CssClass="TabBackground" HeaderText="My request"> <ContentTemplate> <table> <tr> <td> <asp:Button ID="btnexportMyRequestCsu" runat="server" Text="Export To Excel" CssClass="LabelDisplay" OnClick="btnexportMyRequestCsu_Click" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <asp:GridView ID="GdvMyrequest" runat="server" CssClass="Mytabs" BackColor="White" BorderColor="White" BorderStyle="Ridge" BorderWidth="2px" CellPadding="3" CellSpacing="1" GridLines="None" OnPageIndexChanging="GdvMyrequest_PageIndexChanging" OnSorting="GdvMyrequest_Sorting" EmptyDataText="No request found for this user"> <RowStyle BackColor="#DEDFDE" ForeColor="Black" /> <FooterStyle BackColor="#C6C3C6" ForeColor="Black" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="Control" ForeColor="Gray" HorizontalAlign="Left" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#9471DE" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="#4A3C8C" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#E7E7FF" /> <PagerSettings Position="TopAndBottom" /> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <HeaderTemplate> Row No </HeaderTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <%# Container.DataItemIndex + 1 %> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <asp:Label ID="lblmessmyrequestAhk" runat="server" CssClass="labelmess"></asp:Label> </td> </tr> </table> </ContentTemplate> </cc1:TabPanel> <cc1:TabPanel ID="TpMyPaymentCc" runat="server" HeaderText="Payments Credit Card" > <ContentTemplate> <table> <tr> <td> <asp:GridView ID="GdvmypaymentsCc" runat="server" CssClass="Mytabs" BackColor="White" BorderColor="White" BorderStyle="Ridge" BorderWidth="2px" CellPadding="3" CellSpacing="1" GridLines="None" OnPageIndexChanging="GdvmypaymentsCc_PageIndexChanging" OnSorting="GdvmypaymentsCc_Sorting" EmptyDataText="No Data"> <RowStyle BackColor="#DEDFDE" ForeColor="Black" /> <FooterStyle BackColor="#C6C3C6" ForeColor="Black" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="Control" ForeColor="Gray" HorizontalAlign="Left" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#9471DE" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="#4A3C8C" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#E7E7FF" /> <PagerSettings Position="TopAndBottom" /> </asp:GridView> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <asp:Label ID="lblmessmypaymentsCsu" runat="server" CssClass="labelmess"></asp:Label> </td> </tr> </table> </ContentTemplate> </cc1:TabPanel> <cc1:TabPanel ID="TpMyPaymentsCk" runat="server" HeaderText="Payments Check" > <ContentTemplate> <asp:GridView ID="GdvmypaymentsCk" runat="server" CssClass="Mytabs" BackColor="White" BorderColor="White" BorderStyle="Ridge" BorderWidth="2px" CellPadding="3" CellSpacing="1" GridLines="None" OnPageIndexChanging="GdvmypaymentsCk_PageIndexChanging" OnSorting="GdvmypaymentsCk_Sorting" EmptyDataText="No Data"> <RowStyle BackColor="#DEDFDE" ForeColor="Black" /> <FooterStyle BackColor="#C6C3C6" ForeColor="Black" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="Control" ForeColor="Gray" HorizontalAlign="Left" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#9471DE" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="#4A3C8C" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#E7E7FF" /> <PagerSettings Position="TopAndBottom" /> </asp:GridView> </ContentTemplate> </cc1:TabPanel> <cc1:TabPanel ID="TpMyCalls" runat="server" HeaderText="Calls" > <ContentTemplate> <table> <tr> <td> <asp:GridView ID="GdvSelectcallsP" runat="server" CssClass="Mytabs" BackColor="White" BorderColor="White" BorderStyle="Ridge" BorderWidth="2px" CellPadding="3" CellSpacing="1" GridLines="None" OnPageIndexChanging="GdvSelectcallsP_PageIndexChanging" OnRowDataBound="GdvSelectcallsP_RowDataBound" OnSorting="GdvSelectcallsP_Sorting" > <RowStyle BackColor="#DEDFDE" ForeColor="Black" /> <FooterStyle BackColor="#C6C3C6" ForeColor="Black" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="#C6C3C6" ForeColor="Black" HorizontalAlign="Right" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#9471DE" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="#4A3C8C" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#E7E7FF" /> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <HeaderTemplate> Row No </HeaderTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <%# Container.DataItemIndex + 1 %> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <asp:Label ID="lblmessselectcallsAhkP" runat="server" CssClass="labelmess"></asp:Label> </td> </tr> </table> </ContentTemplate> </cc1:TabPanel> </cc1:TabContainer> </asp:Content>

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  • Cardinality Estimation Bug with Lookups in SQL Server 2008 onward

    - by Paul White
    Cost-based optimization stands or falls on the quality of cardinality estimates (expected row counts).  If the optimizer has incorrect information to start with, it is quite unlikely to produce good quality execution plans except by chance.  There are many ways we can provide good starting information to the optimizer, and even more ways for cardinality estimation to go wrong.  Good database people know this, and work hard to write optimizer-friendly queries with a schema and metadata (e.g. statistics) that reduce the chances of poor cardinality estimation producing a sub-optimal plan.  Today, I am going to look at a case where poor cardinality estimation is Microsoft’s fault, and not yours. SQL Server 2005 SELECT th.ProductID, th.TransactionID, th.TransactionDate FROM Production.TransactionHistory AS th WHERE th.ProductID = 1 AND th.TransactionDate BETWEEN '20030901' AND '20031231'; The query plan on SQL Server 2005 is as follows (if you are using a more recent version of AdventureWorks, you will need to change the year on the date range from 2003 to 2007): There is an Index Seek on ProductID = 1, followed by a Key Lookup to find the Transaction Date for each row, and finally a Filter to restrict the results to only those rows where Transaction Date falls in the range specified.  The cardinality estimate of 45 rows at the Index Seek is exactly correct.  The table is not very large, there are up-to-date statistics associated with the index, so this is as expected. The estimate for the Key Lookup is also exactly right.  Each lookup into the Clustered Index to find the Transaction Date is guaranteed to return exactly one row.  The plan shows that the Key Lookup is expected to be executed 45 times.  The estimate for the Inner Join output is also correct – 45 rows from the seek joining to one row each time, gives 45 rows as output. The Filter estimate is also very good: the optimizer estimates 16.9951 rows will match the specified range of transaction dates.  Eleven rows are produced by this query, but that small difference is quite normal and certainly nothing to worry about here.  All good so far. SQL Server 2008 onward The same query executed against an identical copy of AdventureWorks on SQL Server 2008 produces a different execution plan: The optimizer has pushed the Filter conditions seen in the 2005 plan down to the Key Lookup.  This is a good optimization – it makes sense to filter rows out as early as possible.  Unfortunately, it has made a bit of a mess of the cardinality estimates. The post-Filter estimate of 16.9951 rows seen in the 2005 plan has moved with the predicate on Transaction Date.  Instead of estimating one row, the plan now suggests that 16.9951 rows will be produced by each clustered index lookup – clearly not right!  This misinformation also confuses SQL Sentry Plan Explorer: Plan Explorer shows 765 rows expected from the Key Lookup (it multiplies a rounded estimate of 17 rows by 45 expected executions to give 765 rows total). Workarounds One workaround is to provide a covering non-clustered index (avoiding the lookup avoids the problem of course): CREATE INDEX nc1 ON Production.TransactionHistory (ProductID) INCLUDE (TransactionDate); With the Transaction Date filter applied as a residual predicate in the same operator as the seek, the estimate is again as expected: We could also force the use of the ultimate covering index (the clustered one): SELECT th.ProductID, th.TransactionID, th.TransactionDate FROM Production.TransactionHistory AS th WITH (INDEX(1)) WHERE th.ProductID = 1 AND th.TransactionDate BETWEEN '20030901' AND '20031231'; Summary Providing a covering non-clustered index for all possible queries is not always practical, and scanning the clustered index will rarely be optimal.  Nevertheless, these are the best workarounds we have today. In the meantime, watch out for poor cardinality estimates when a predicate is applied as part of a lookup. The worst thing is that the estimate after the lookup join in the 2008+ plans is wrong.  It’s not hopelessly wrong in this particular case (45 versus 16.9951 is not the end of the world) but it easily can be much worse, and there’s not much you can do about it.  Any decisions made by the optimizer after such a lookup could be based on very wrong information – which can only be bad news. If you think this situation should be improved, please vote for this Connect item. © 2012 Paul White – All Rights Reserved twitter: @SQL_Kiwi email: [email protected]

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