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• With Ubuntu 12.04 unlike 11.04 Wine installed application start menu links are missing

  - by Ron Whites

  With Ubuntu 12.04 and wine 1.4 unlike ubuntu 11.04 with wine 1.2.2 installed application start menu links are missing. For instance with Ubuntu 11.04 including Wine I can install one of our Windows applications and then can go to Applications Wine Programs Semantic Designs TestCoverage Documentation to bring up the documentation for how to run our tool. Unfortunately with Ubuntu 12.04 the Applications menu is gone and going to Dash I do see "Recent Apps and more apps" but my installed Wine application and related documentation link is shown present, even though the wine uninstaller shows in present. I found this online suggestion and tried using the gnome "main menu"... Windows key to launch the Dash. Enter "Main Menu" in the search field and open the old Edit Main Menu app. Select the Category (aka Unity Dash Filter) you want the item in. Name the Dash/Launcher Item Add the Command to launch said app With "mainmenu" then get down to the TestCoverage Documentation and I could see a command link in properties of .. env WINEPREFIX="/home/sdtest/.wine" wine C:\windows\command\start.exe /Unix /home/sdtest/.wine/dosdevices/c:/users/sdtest/Start\ Menu/Programs/Semantic\ Designs/Test\ Coverage/Java\ 1.7\ Documentation.lnk BUT I could not execute this link to view the installed documentation. So I copied the link properties into a file, set it as executable, and ran it as a bash script and the documentation came up! So why can't I use this link under main menu?

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• Looping through python-dictionary-turned-into-json in javascript.

  - by Phil

  In writing a django app, I am returning the following json on a jQuery ajax call: { "is_owner": "T", "author": "me", "overall": "the surfing lifestyle", "score": "1", "meanings": { "0": "something", "1": "something else", "3": "yet something else", "23": "something random" }, "user vote": "1" } In the javascript/jQuery callback function, I can access the is_owner, author, etc. easily enough. is_owner = json.is_owner; author = json.author; But for meanings, the numbers are different depending on what it pulls from the server. On the server side for the meanings part, right now what I'm doing is constructing a dictionary like so: meanings_dict = {} meanings = requested_tayke.meanings.all() for meaning in meanings: meanings_dict[meaning.location] = meaning.text and then returning a json I create like this: test_json = simplejson.dumps({'is_owner':is_owner, 'overall':overall, 'score':str(score),'user vote':str(user_vote), 'author': author, 'meanings' : meanings_dict }) print test_json return HttpResponse(test_json) My question is this: how do I access the 'meanings' data from my json in javascript? I need to loop through all of it. Maybe I need to be loading it into json differently. I have full control so of both the server and client side so I'm willing to change either to make it work. Also worth noting: I'm not using Django's serialize functionality. I couldn't make it work with my situation.

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• Pros and cons of making database IDs consistent and "readable"

  - by gmale

  Question Is it a good rule of thumb for database IDs to be "meaningless?" Conversely, are there significant benefits from having IDs structured in a way where they can be recognized at a glance? What are the pros and cons? Background I just had a debate with my coworkers about the consistency of the IDs in our database. We have a data-driven application that leverages spring so that we rarely ever have to change code. That means, if there's a problem, a data change is usually the solution. My argument was that by making IDs consistent and readable, we save ourselves significant time and headaches, long term. Once the IDs are set, they don't have to change often and if done right, future changes won't be difficult. My coworkers position was that IDs should never matter. Encoding information into the ID violates DB design policies and keeping them orderly requires extra work that, "we don't have time for." I can't find anything online to support either position. So I'm turning to all the gurus here at SA! Example Imagine this simplified list of database records representing food in a grocery store, the first set represents data that has meaning encoded in the IDs, while the second does not: ID's with meaning: Type 1 Fruit 2 Veggie Product 101 Apple 102 Banana 103 Orange 201 Lettuce 202 Onion 203 Carrot Location 41 Aisle four top shelf 42 Aisle four bottom shelf 51 Aisle five top shelf 52 Aisle five bottom shelf ProductLocation 10141 Apple on aisle four top shelf 10241 Banana on aisle four top shelf //just by reading the ids, it's easy to recongnize that these are both Fruit on Aisle 4 ID's without meaning: Type 1 Fruit 2 Veggie Product 1 Apple 2 Banana 3 Orange 4 Lettuce 5 Onion 6 Carrot Location 1 Aisle four top shelf 2 Aisle four bottom shelf 3 Aisle five top shelf 4 Aisle five bottom shelf ProductLocation 1 Apple on aisle four top shelf 2 Banana on aisle four top shelf //given the IDs, it's harder to see that these are both fruit on aisle 4 Summary What are the pros and cons of keeping IDs readable and consistent? Which approach do you generally prefer and why? Is there an accepted industry best-practice?

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• Theory: "Lexical Encoding"

  - by _ande_turner_

  I am using the term "Lexical Encoding" for my lack of a better one. A Word is arguably the fundamental unit of communication as opposed to a Letter. Unicode tries to assign a numeric value to each Letter of all known Alphabets. What is a Letter to one language, is a Glyph to another. Unicode 5.1 assigns more than 100,000 values to these Glyphs currently. Out of the approximately 180,000 Words being used in Modern English, it is said that with a vocabulary of about 2,000 Words, you should be able to converse in general terms. A "Lexical Encoding" would encode each Word not each Letter, and encapsulate them within a Sentence. // An simplified example of a "Lexical Encoding" String sentence = "How are you today?"; int[] sentence = { 93, 22, 14, 330, QUERY }; In this example each Token in the String was encoded as an Integer. The Encoding Scheme here simply assigned an int value based on generalised statistical ranking of word usage, and assigned a constant to the question mark. Ultimately, a Word has both a Spelling & Meaning though. Any "Lexical Encoding" would preserve the meaning and intent of the Sentence as a whole, and not be language specific. An English sentence would be encoded into "...language-neutral atomic elements of meaning ..." which could then be reconstituted into any language with a structured Syntactic Form and Grammatical Structure. What are other examples of "Lexical Encoding" techniques? If you were interested in where the word-usage statistics come from : http://www.wordcount.org

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• Why does Microsoft advise against readonly fields with mutable values?

  - by Weeble

  In the Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries, Microsoft say: Do not assign instances of mutable types to read-only fields. The objects created using a mutable type can be modified after they are created. For example, arrays and most collections are mutable types while Int32, Uri, and String are immutable types. For fields that hold a mutable reference type, the read-only modifier prevents the field value from being overwritten but does not protect the mutable type from modification. This simply restates the behaviour of readonly without explaining why it's bad to use readonly. The implication appears to be that many people do not understand what "readonly" does and will wrongly expect readonly fields to be deeply immutable. In effect it advises using "readonly" as code documentation indicating deep immutability - despite the fact that the compiler has no way to enforce this - and disallows its use for its normal function: to ensure that the value of the field doesn't change after the object has been constructed. I feel uneasy with this recommendation to use "readonly" to indicate something other than its normal meaning understood by the compiler. I feel that it encourages people to misunderstand the meaning of "readonly", and furthermore to expect it to mean something that the author of the code might not intend. I feel that it precludes using it in places it could be useful - e.g. to show that some relationship between two mutable objects remains unchanged for the lifetime of one of those objects. The notion of assuming that readers do not understand the meaning of "readonly" also appears to be in contradiction to other advice from Microsoft, such as FxCop's "Do not initialize unnecessarily" rule, which assumes readers of your code to be experts in the language and should know that (for example) bool fields are automatically initialised to false, and stops you from providing the redundancy that shows "yes, this has been consciously set to false; I didn't just forget to initialize it". So, first and foremost, why do Microsoft advise against use of readonly for references to mutable types? I'd also be interested to know: Do you follow this Design Guideline in all your code? What do you expect when you see "readonly" in a piece of code you didn't write?

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• How to link a table to a field a in MySQL server

  - by Nek

  I have this data from a xml file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <words> <id>...</id> <word>...</word> <meaning>...</meaning> <translation> <ES>...</ES> <PT>...</PT> </translation> </words> This forms the table named "words", which has four fields ("id","word","meaning" and "translation"). On the other hand, the "translation" field can hold several languages like ES,PT,EN,JA,KO,etc... So I create a table ("words.translation", one field is "id" and the others ones are languages ids like "ES","PT",...). I'm sorry for this newby question, but I'd like to know a couple of things about this one-to-many relationship. How to join (or link?) this two tables in MySQL? What information does the "translation" field in the "words" table has to store? How is the sql query to get all the word information (JOIN syntax used?) Thanks for your patience.

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• How to change image to this color?

  - by askmoo

  I have this image And I need to change it to the color #D21108 (type of RED). Of course, I do not want to paint it to this color, but to change the color to #D21108 and its shades (like I do in Photoshop via Brush Colour Replacement). I have all info about this color, values of RGB, CMYK, Lab and HSV if you need them. Now, I guess I can easily change it via GIMP's menu "Colors". I tried options Color Balance, Hue-Saturation, Colorize, but I did not find a way to enter the starting color I need. I was closest to my aim via Hue-Saturation, but I could not get this red value, no matter what I tried. As I am not a graphics expert, please tell me how to accomplish this task. PS. What's the meaning of Lab and HSV in the color scheme? I know the meaning of RGB and CMYK.

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• Hardware Raid Card Reviews with SSDs

  - by Nalandial

  Yes I realize there are several questions about this but none of them seem to have the answer I'm looking for. I have two SSDs and am looking to buy a purely hardware raid card for them; however, I can't seem to find any reviews that have specifically tested hardware raid cards with SSDs rather than testing the SSDs themselves. I'm looking for a review because I'm assuming that for example: 100% gain with two 7200rpm drives doesn't necessarily mean 100% gain with a pair of SSDs, since there would be higher speeds, meaning more throughput, meaning more processor/memory usage for the card. If this assumption is wrong then that's fantastic; however if it's true, I am quite sad and would really appreciate any advice or reviews you can find. Thanks in advance!

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• What VNC (or similar) software for Windows 7 Home allows me to control my parents’ computer remotely as an administrator user?

  - by Paul D. Waite

  Here’s what I dream of: I install Windows 7 Home on my parents’ PC. They have a regular user account that they use, meaning they can’t install anything. I have an administrator account, meaning I can install things for them. I install some sort of VNC software on their machine that lets me access their computer remotely under the administrator account, so that I can install software for them (or do other administrator tasks, e.g. updates) without actually going to their house. Is there any VNC or VNC-like software that supports the above? (I guess I might be better off buying them Windows 7 Professional, and using Remote Desktop. At some point I’ll give up and get them an iPad, but for now, remote Windows admin is the dream.)

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• Explanation of command to uppercase the first letter of a filename

  - by hazielquake

  I'm trying to learn to rename files with the command line, and after browsing around a lot of pages I finally found a command that uppercases the first letter of a file, but the problem is that I want to understand the meaning of each command. The command is: for i in *; do new=`echo "$i" | sed -e 's/^./\U&/'`; mv "$i" "$new";done I understand the 'for' kinda... but not the 'echo' or '`' and especially the sed command. if someone has a little patience to explain the meaning of each thing that'd be awesome! Thanks!

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• Alsa hardware volume with PulseAudio

  - by Jan Hudec

  Before installing pulseaudio, I was able to control volume for the front (meaning on the front panel, the "headphone" jack) and rear (meaning on the back panel, the "line out" jack) separately. When I installed pulseaudio, it became possible to control volume for each playing process separately, but the individual controls for outputs disappeared. While the default device in alsa now routes via pulseaudio, the sysdefault device provides access to the hardware. But kmix does not seem to let me show them now. Is there any way to beat kmix into showing the sysdefault device too? Or something else X-based that would not fight with kmix too much? The system is Debian Jessie (testing) amd64, updated, KDE version 4:4.13.3-1.

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• What is AddType application/x-httpd-php-source

  - by egor

  I have the apache2.0, PHP5.2.4 and the directive in the httpd.conf: AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .php6 AddType directive is used to maps the given filename extensions onto the specified content type. This is the only meaning of this directive. But why does this method switch off PHP handler, that assigned .php extensions, and I can view source code of scripts in my browser? And another: AddType application/x-httpd-php5 .php Why does this method switch on PHP handler? This simply must send header "Content-Type: application/x-httpd-php5" to my browser and this must be only meaning of directive AddType from mod_mime. I'm confused. Thanks for your replies.

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• UTF-8 bit representation

  - by Yanick Rochon

  I'm learning about UTF-8 standards and this is what I'm learning : Definition and bytes used UTF-8 binary representation Meaning 0xxxxxxx 1 byte for 1 à 7 bits chars 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx 2 bytes for 8 à 11 bits chars 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 3 bytes for 12 à 16 bits chars 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 4 bytes for 17 à 21 bits chars And I'm wondering, why 2 bytes UTF-8 code is not 10xxxxxx instead, thus gaining 1 bit all the way up to 22 bits with a 4 bytes UTF-8 code? The way it is right now, 64 possible values are lost (from 1000000 to 10111111). I'm not trying to argue the standards, but I'm wondering why this is so? ** EDIT ** Even, why isn't it UTF-8 binary representation Meaning 0xxxxxxx 1 byte for 1 à 7 bits chars 110xxxxx xxxxxxxx 2 bytes for 8 à 13 bits chars 1110xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 3 bytes for 14 à 20 bits chars 11110xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 4 bytes for 21 à 27 bits chars ...? Thanks!

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• Explanation of command to uppercase the first letter of a file

  - by hazielquake

  Hi I'm trying to learn to rename files with the command line, and after browsing around a lot of pages I finally found a command that uppercases the first letter of a file, but the problem is that I want to understand the meaning of each command. The command is: for i in *; do new=echo "$i" | sed -e 's/^./\U&/'; mv "$i" "$new";done I understand the 'for' kinda... but not the 'echo' or '`' and especially the sed command. if someone has a little patience to explain the meaning of each thing that'd be awesome! Thanks!

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• What is the max number of devices (disks) that can be mounted?

  - by Michael Neale

  And obviously I am meaning practically - is it dozens, or hundreds?

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• The Apache License, v2.0: Copyright License vs Patent License

  - by user278064

  The Apache License, v2.0 [..] 2. Grant of Copyright License Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form. [..] 3. Grant of Patent License Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including cross-claim or counterclaim in lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within theWork constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. While the meaning of the Copyright License provision is rather clear, I did not get the meaning of the Patent License provision. Which advantages does the "Grant of Patent License" provision further give to Contributors? Why are they useful? Is the "Grant of Patent License" provision useful only in case of patent litigation?

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• Why binding is not a native feature in most of the languages?

  - by Gulshan

  IMHO binding a variable to another variable or an expression is a very common scenario in mathematics. In fact, in the beginning, many students think the assignment operator(=) is some kind of binding. But in most of the languages, binding is not supported as a native feature. In some languages like C#, binding is supported in some cases with some conditions fulfilled. But IMHO implementing this as a native feature was as simple as changing the following code- int a,b,sum; sum := a + b; a = 10; b = 20; a++; to this- int a,b,sum; a = 10; sum = a + b; b = 20; sum = a + b; a++; sum = a + b; Meaning placing the binding instruction as assignments after every instruction changing values of any of the variable contained in the expression at right side. After this, trimming redundant instructions (or optimization in assembly after compilation) will do. So, why it is not supported natively in most of the languages. Specially in the C-family of languages? Update: From different opinions, I think I should define this proposed "binding" more precisely- This is one way binding. Only sum is bound to a+b, not the vice versa. The scope of the binding is local. Once the binding is established, it cannot be changed. Meaning, once sum is bound to a+b, sum will always be a+b. Hope the idea is clearer now. Update 2: I just wanted this P# feature. Hope it will be there in future.

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• How do you save/export changes made in Firebug?

  - by blunders

  Using Firebug to edit CSS, how do I save/export changes made to the CSS? TOOLS: Firefox, Firebug MAJOR UPDATE: If you know of a way to lock the forward/back/refresh on a FireFox tab, please let me know. Otherwise, I've given up on using FireBug/FireDiff as an IDE for CSS, it's nice, but lol... press backspace at the wrong time and ALL your work is gone... funny. So, really like the browser highlighting to CSS/HTML in Firebug. Know any good CSS editors that do this? Really had hope FireBug would work, but for now only see it as being good for ad-hoc inspection and test; meaning using it for what it's made for. UPDATES: @Lèse majesté: Just as an update, "Web Developer add-on" does let you edit CSS, but it does not let you edit/save CSS changes made by Firebug. Meaning you use Firebug to ID and maybe test changes, but it does not let you save the changes from Firebug. Here's a "how to" covering how to use them together: FF + FB + WD @Lèse majesté: Still playing around with FireDiff. It works okay, found one bug already (although I'm just working around it), and there's no "how to" I've been able to find, so I'm just trying every feature and clicking around... (for example, to export a diff you must be over the last item in the list, right click, and select as "Save Diff". The ".diff" is just a text file, no idea why at this point the ext is .diff.

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• Disallow robots.txt from being accessed in a browser but still accessible by spiders?

  - by Michael Irigoyen

  We make use of the robots.txt file to prevent Google (and other search spiders) from crawling certain pages/directories in our domain. Some of these directories/files are secret, meaning they aren't linked (except perhaps on other pages encompassed by the robots.txt file). Some of these directories/files aren't secret, we just don't want them indexed. If somebody browses directly to www.mydomain.com/robots.txt, they can see the contents of the robots.txt file. From a security standpoint, this is not something we want publicly available to anybody. Any directories that contain secure information are set behind authentication, but we still don't want them to be discoverable unless the user specifically knows about them. Is there a way to provide a robots.txt file but to have it's presence masked by John Doe accessing it from his browser? Perhaps by using PHP to generate the document based on certain criteria? Perhaps something I'm not thinking of? We'd prefer a way to centrally do it (meaning a <meta> tag solution is less than ideal).

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• String Conversion to Char for Java Game

  - by Jen

  Is there someone who could help me achieve the following points on this problems? I can't seem to get it. I tried using toCharArray and Scanner to achieve this, but it doesn't work, nor do I know how to make this things possible for my word game. :( · Get a popular name of person, place, verse, saying or event from the user. This may have a single or multiple words in it. · Create a copy of this string to an array where each letter is replaced with a hyphen (-) and each space is replaced with an underscore (_). Symbols and numbers will remain shown. · The program then asks a letter from the user. If the letter is in the inputted string, then it should be shown on the array at the same position it is shown in the string. Meaning, the letter replaces the hyphen (-) at the correct position of the array. · The program again prompts for a letter from the user and replaces the hyphen (-) of the array if it exists on the inputted string. This will be repeatedly done until such time each hyphen (-) is replaced with the correct letter. · If the user inputs an invalid letter, that is, a letter that does not exist on the inputted string, then the program should inform the user. If this happens 3 times while there is still at least one hyphen on the array, then the program should inform the user that he lost the game and showing him the whole correct string. · If the user completes the game, meaning, all hyphens have been replaced with the correct letters; then the program should congratulate the user for a job well done.

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• Encapsulating code in F# (Part 2)

  - by MarkPearl

  In part one of this series I showed an example of encapsulation within a local definition. This is useful to know so that you are aware of the scope of value holders etc. but what I am more interested in is encapsulation with regards to generating useful F# code libraries in .Net, this is done by using Namespaces and Modules. Lets have a look at some C# code first… using System; namespace EncapsulationNS { public class EncapsulationCLS { public static void TestMethod() { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); } } } Pretty simple stuff… now the F# equivalent…. namespace EncapsulationNS module EncapsulationMDL = let TestFunction = System.Console.WriteLine("Hello") ()   Even easier… lets look at some specifics about F# namespaces… Namespaces are open. meaning you can have multiple source files and assemblies can contribute to the same namespace. So, Namespaces are a great way to group modules together, so the question needs to be asked, what role do modules play. For me, the F# module is in many ways similar to the vb6 days of modules. In vb6 modules were separate files and simply allowed us to group certain methods together. I find it easier to visualize F# modules this way than to compare them to the C# classes. However that being said one is not restricted to one module per file – there is flexibility to have multiple modules in one code file however with my limited F# experience I would still recommend using the file as the standard level of separating modules as it is very easy to then find your way around a solution. An important note about interop with F# and other .Net languages. I wrote a blog post a while back about a very basic F# to C# interop. If I were to reference an F# library in a C# project (for instance ‘TestFunction’), in C# it would show this method as a static method call, meaning I would not have to instantiate an instance of the module.

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• 2d game view camera zoom, rotation & offset using 'Filter' / 'Shader' processing?

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  I wish to add the ability to zoom-in, zoom-out, rotate and move the view in a top-down view over a collection of points and lines in a large 2d map. I split the map into a grid so I only need to render the points that are 'near' the camera. My question is, how do I render a point A(Xp,Yp) assuming the following details: Offset of the camera pov from the origin of the map is: Xc, Yc Meaning the camera center is positioned on top of that point. If there's a point in Xc, Yc it is positioned in the center of the screen. The rotation angle is: alpha The scale is: S Read my answer first. I am thinking there is more optimized solution, thanks. My question is how to include the following improvement: I read in the AS3 Bible book that: In regards to ShaderInput, You can use these methods to coerce Pixel Bender to crunch huge sets of data masquerading as images, without doing too much work on the ActionScript side to make them look like images. Meaning if I am performing the same linear function on a lot of items, I can do it all at once if I use Shaders correctly and save processing time. Does anyone know how that is accomplished? Here is a sample of what I mean: http://wonderfl.net/c/eFp0/

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• How can one find software development work that involves directly the final end user?

  - by RJa

  I've worked in software development for 15 years and, while there have been signficant personal achievements and a lot of experience, I've always felt detached from the man/woman-on-the-street, the every day person, how it affects their lives, in a number of ways: the technologies: embedded software, hidden away, stuff not seen by the everyday person. Or process technology supporting manufactured products the size of the systems, meaning many jobs, divided up, work is abstract, not one person can see the whole picture the organisations: large, with departments dealing with different areas, the software, the hardware, the marketing, the sales, the customer support the locations and hours: out-of-town business parks away from the rest of society, fixed locations, inflexible: 9-5 everyday This to me seems typical of the companies I worked for and see elsewhere. Granted, there are positives such as the technology itself and usually being among high calibre co-workers, but the above points frustrate me about the industry because they detach the work from its meaning. How can one: change these things in an existing job, or compensate for them? find other work that avoids these and connects with the final end user? Job designs tend to focus on the job content and technical requirements rather than how the job aims to fulfil end user needs, is meaningful.

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• Modernizr Rocks HTML5

  - by Laila

  HTML5 is a moving target.  At the moment, we don't know what will be in future versions.  In most circumstances, this really matters to the developer. When you're using Adobe Air, you can be reasonably sure what works, what is there, and what isn't, since you have a version of the browser built-in. With Metro, you can assume that you're going to be using at least IE 10.   If, however,  you are using HTML5 in a web application, then you are going to rely heavily on Feature Detection.  Feature-Detection is a collection of techniques that tell you, via JavaScript, whether the current browser has this feature natively implemented or not Feature Detection isn't just there for the esoteric stuff such as  Geo-location,  progress bars,  <canvas> support,  the new <input> types, Audio, Video, web workers or storage, but is required even for semantic markup, since old browsers make a pigs ear out of rendering this.  Feature detection can't rely just on reading the browser version and inferring from that what works. Instead, you must use JavaScript to check that an HTML5 feature is there before using it.  The problem with relying on the user-agent is that it takes a lot of historical data  to work out what version does what, and, anyway, the user-agent can be, and sometimes is, spoofed. The open-source library Modernizr  is just about the most essential  JavaScript library for anyone using HTML5, because it provides APIs to test for most of the CSS3 and HTML5 features before you use them, and is intelligent enough to alter semantic markup into 'legacy' 'markup  using shims  on page-load  for old browsers. It also allows you to check what video Codecs are installed for playing video. It also provides media queries  and conditional resource-loading (formerly YepNope.js.).  Generally, Modernizr gives you the choice of what you do about browsers that don't support the feature that you want. Often, the best choice is graceful degradation, but the resource-loading feature allows you to dynamically load JavaScript Shims to replace the standard API for missing or defective HTML5 functionality, called 'PolyFills'.  As the Modernizr site says 'Yes, not only can you use HTML5 today, but you can use it in the past, too!' The evolutionary progress of HTML5  requires a more defensive style of JavaScript programming where the programmer adopts a mindset of fearing the worst ( IE 6)  rather than assuming the best, whilst exploiting as many of the new HTML features as possible for the requirements of the site or HTML application.  Why would anyone want the distraction of developing their own techniques to do this when  Modernizr exists to do this for you? Laila

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• Modernizr Rocks HTML5

  - by Laila

  HTML5 is a moving target.  At the moment, we don't know what will be in future versions.  In most circumstances, this really matters to the developer. When you're using Adobe Air, you can be reasonably sure what works, what is there, and what isn't, since you have a version of the browser built-in. With Metro, you can assume that you're going to be using at least IE 10.   If, however,  you are using HTML5 in a web application, then you are going to rely heavily on Feature Detection.  Feature-Detection is a collection of techniques that tell you, via JavaScript, whether the current browser has this feature natively implemented or not Feature Detection isn't just there for the esoteric stuff such as  Geo-location,  progress bars,  <canvas> support,  the new <input> types, Audio, Video, web workers or storage, but is required even for semantic markup, since old browsers make a pigs ear out of rendering this.  Feature detection can't rely just on reading the browser version and inferring from that what works. Instead, you must use JavaScript to check that an HTML5 feature is there before using it.  The problem with relying on the user-agent is that it takes a lot of historical data  to work out what version does what, and, anyway, the user-agent can be, and sometimes is, spoofed. The open-source library Modernizr  is just about the most essential  JavaScript library for anyone using HTML5, because it provides APIs to test for most of the CSS3 and HTML5 features before you use them, and is intelligent enough to alter semantic markup into 'legacy' 'markup  using shims  on page-load  for old browsers. It also allows you to check what video Codecs are installed for playing video. It also provides media queries  and conditional resource-loading (formerly YepNope.js.).  Generally, Modernizr gives you the choice of what you do about browsers that don't support the feature that you want. Often, the best choice is graceful degradation, but the resource-loading feature allows you to dynamically load JavaScript Shims to replace the standard API for missing or defective HTML5 functionality, called 'PolyFills'.  As the Modernizr site says 'Yes, not only can you use HTML5 today, but you can use it in the past, too!' The evolutionary progress of HTML5  requires a more defensive style of JavaScript programming where the programmer adopts a mindset of fearing the worst ( IE 6)  rather than assuming the best, whilst exploiting as many of the new HTML features as possible for the requirements of the site or HTML application.  Why would anyone want the distraction of developing their own techniques to do this when  Modernizr exists to do this for you? Laila

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