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• Error X3650 when compiling shader in XNA

  - by Saikai

  I'm attempting to convert the XBDEV.NET Mosaic Shader for use in my XNA project and having trouble. The compiler errors out because of the half globals. At first I tried replacing the globals and just writing the variables explicitly in the code, but that garbles the Output. Next I tried replacing all the half with float vars, but that still garbles the resulting Image. I call the effect file from SpriteBatch.Begin(). Is there a way to convert this shader to the new pixel shader conventions? Are there any good tutorials for this topic? Here is the shader file for reference: /*****************************************************************************/ /* File: tiles.fx Details: Modified version of the NVIDIA Composer FX Demo Program 2004 Produces a tiled mosaic effect on the output. Requires: Vertex Shader 1.1 Pixel Shader 2.0 Modified by: [email protected] (www.xbdev.net) */ /*****************************************************************************/ float4 ClearColor : DIFFUSE = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}; float ClearDepth = 1.0f; /******************************** TWEAKABLES *********************************/ half NumTiles = 40.0; half Threshhold = 0.15; half3 EdgeColor = {0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f}; /*****************************************************************************/ texture SceneMap : RENDERCOLORTARGET < float2 ViewportRatio = { 1.0f, 1.0f }; int MIPLEVELS = 1; string format = "X8R8G8B8"; string UIWidget = "None"; >; sampler SceneSampler = sampler_state { texture = <SceneMap>; AddressU = CLAMP; AddressV = CLAMP; MIPFILTER = NONE; MINFILTER = LINEAR; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; }; /***************************** DATA STRUCTS **********************************/ struct vertexInput { half3 Position : POSITION; half3 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; }; /* data passed from vertex shader to pixel shader */ struct vertexOutput { half4 HPosition : POSITION; half2 UV : TEXCOORD0; }; /******************************* Vertex shader *******************************/ vertexOutput VS_Quad( vertexInput IN) { vertexOutput OUT = (vertexOutput)0; OUT.HPosition = half4(IN.Position, 1); OUT.UV = IN.TexCoord.xy; return OUT; } /********************************** pixel shader *****************************/ half4 tilesPS(vertexOutput IN) : COLOR { half size = 1.0/NumTiles; half2 Pbase = IN.UV - fmod(IN.UV,size.xx); half2 PCenter = Pbase + (size/2.0).xx; half2 st = (IN.UV - Pbase)/size; half4 c1 = (half4)0; half4 c2 = (half4)0; half4 invOff = half4((1-EdgeColor),1); if (st.x > st.y) { c1 = invOff; } half threshholdB = 1.0 - Threshhold; if (st.x > threshholdB) { c2 = c1; } if (st.y > threshholdB) { c2 = c1; } half4 cBottom = c2; c1 = (half4)0; c2 = (half4)0; if (st.x > st.y) { c1 = invOff; } if (st.x < Threshhold) { c2 = c1; } if (st.y < Threshhold) { c2 = c1; } half4 cTop = c2; half4 tileColor = tex2D(SceneSampler,PCenter); half4 result = tileColor + cTop - cBottom; return result; } /*****************************************************************************/ technique tiles { pass p0 { VertexShader = compile vs_1_1 VS_Quad(); ZEnable = false; ZWriteEnable = false; CullMode = None; PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 tilesPS(); } }

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• 101 Ways to Participate...and make the future Java

  - by heathervc

   In case you missed it earlier today, and as promised in BOF6283, here are the 101 Ways to Improve (and Make the Future) Java...thanks to Bruno Souza of SouJava and Martijn Verburg of the London Java Community for their contributions! Join or create a JUG Come to the meetings Help promoting your JUG: twitter, facebook, etc Find someone that can give a talk Get your company to sponsor (a meeting, an event) Organize an activity (meetings, hackathons, dojos, etc) Answer questions on a mailing list (or simply join!) Volunteer for a small, one time tasks (creating a web page, helping with an activity) Come early to an event, and help to carry the piano Moderate a list or add things to the wiki Participate in the organization meetings or mailing lists Take pictures of an event or meeting and publish them online Write a blog about an event or meeting, to help promote the group Help record and post a session online Present your JavaOne experience when you get back Repeat the best talk you saw at JavaOne at a JUG meeting Send this list of ideas to other Java developers in your area so they can help out too! Present a step-by-step tutorial Present GreenFoot and Alice to school students Present BlueJ and Alice to university students Teach those tools to teachers and professors Write a step-by-step tutorial on your blog or to a magazine Create a page that lists resources Give a talk about your favorite Java feature or technology Learn a new Java API and present to your co-workers Then, present in a JUG meeting, and then, present it in an event in your area, and submit it to JavaOne! Create a study group to get certified or to learn some new Java technology Teach a non-Java developer how to download the basic tools and where to find more information Download and use an open source project Improve the documentation Write an article or a blog post about the project Write an FAQ Join and participate on the mailing list Describe a bug in detail and submit a bug report Fix a bug and submit it to the project Give a talk about it at a JUG meeting Teach your co-workers how to use the project Sign up to Adopt a JSR Test regular builds of the Reference Implementation (RI) Report bugs in the RI Submit Feature Requests to the spec Triage issues on the issue tracker Run a hack day to discuss the API Moderate mailing lists and forums Create an FAQ or Wiki Evangelize a specification on Twitter, G+, Hacker News, etc Give a lightning talk Help build the RI Help build the Technical Compatibility Kit (TCK) Create a Podcast Learn Latin - e.g. legal language, translate to English Sign up to Adopt OpenJDK Run a Bugathon Fix javac compiler warnings Build virtual images Add tests to Java Submit Javadoc patches Give a webbing Teach someone to build OpenJDK Hold a brown bag session at work Fix the oldest known bug Overhaul Javadoc to use HTML Load the OpenJDK into different IDEs Run a build farm node Test your code on a nightly build Learn how to read Java byte code Visit JCP.org Follow jcp_org on Twitter Friend JCP on Facebook Read JCP Blog Register for JCP.org site Create a JSR Watch List Review JSRs in progress Comment on JSRs in progress, write and track bug reports, use cases, etc Review JSRs in Maintenance Comment on JSRs in Maintenance Implement Final JSRs Review the Transparency of JSRs in progress and provide feedback to the PMO and Spec Lead/community Become a JCP Member or associate with a current JCP member Nominate to serve on an Expert Group (EG) Serve on an EG Submit a JSR proposal and become Spec Lead Take a Spec Lead role in an Inactive or Dormant JSR Nominate for an Executive Committee (EC) seat Vote in the EC elections Vote in EC Special Elections Review EC Meeting Summaries Attend Spec Lead calls Write blogs, articles on your experiences Join the EC project on java.net Join JCP.Next on java.net/JSR 358 Participate on the JCP forums and join JSR projects on java.net Suggest agenda items for open EC meetings Attend public EC teleconference (2x per year) Attend open EC meetings at JavaOne Nominate for JCP Annual Awards Attend annual JavaOne and JCP Annual Awards Ceremony Attend JCP related BOF sessions and give your feedback to Program Office Invite JCP program office members to your JUG  or meetup Invite JSR Spec Leads to your JUG or meetup And always - hold a party!

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• RemoveHandler Issues with Custom Events

  - by Jeff Certain

  This is a case of things being more complicated that I thought they should be. Since it took a while to figure this one out, I thought it was worth explaining and putting all of the pieces to the answer in one spot. Let me set the stage. Architecturally, I have the notion of generic producers and consumers. These put items onto, and remove items from, a queue. This provides a generic, thread-safe mechanism to load balance the creation and processing of work items in our application. Part of the IProducer(Of T) interface is: 1: Public Interface IProducer(Of T) 2: Event ItemProduced(ByVal sender As IProducer(Of T), ByVal item As T) 3: Event ProductionComplete(ByVal sender As IProducer(Of T)) 4: End Interface Nothing sinister there, is there? In order to simplify our developers’ lives, I wrapped the queue with some functionality to manage the produces and consumers. Since the developer can specify the number of producers and consumers that are spun up, the queue code manages adding event handlers as the producers and consumers are instantiated. Now, we’ve been having some memory leaks and, in order to eliminate the possibility that this was caused by weak references to event handles, I wanted to remove them. This is where it got dicey. My first attempt looked like this: 1: For Each producer As P In Producers 2: RemoveHandler producer.ItemProduced, AddressOf ItemProducedHandler 3: RemoveHandler producer.ProductionComplete, AddressOf ProductionCompleteHandler 4: producer.Dispose() 5: Next What you can’t see in my posted code are the warnings this caused. The 'AddressOf' expression has no effect in this context because the method argument to 'AddressOf' requires a relaxed conversion to the delegate type of the event. Assign the 'AddressOf' expression to a variable, and use the variable to add or remove the method as the handler.  Now, what on earth does that mean? Well, a quick Bing search uncovered a whole bunch of talk about delegates. The first solution I found just changed all parameters in the event handler to Object. Sorry, but no. I used generics precisely because I wanted type safety, not because I wanted to use Object. More searching. Eventually, I found this forum post, where Jeff Shan revealed a missing piece of the puzzle. The other revelation came from Lian_ZA in this post. However, these two only hinted at the solution. Trying some of what they suggested led to finally getting an invalid cast exception that revealed the existence of ItemProducedEventHandler. Hold on a minute! I didn’t create that delegate. There’s nothing even close to that name in my code… except the ItemProduced event in the interface. Could it be? Naaaaah. Hmmm…. Well, as it turns out, there is a delegate created by the compiler for each event. By explicitly creating a delegate that refers to the method in question, implicitly cast to the generated delegate type, I was able to remove the handlers: 1: For Each producer As P In Producers 2: Dim _itemProducedHandler As IProducer(Of T).ItemProducedEventHandler = AddressOf ItemProducedHandler 3: RemoveHandler producer.ItemProduced, _itemProducedHandler 4:  5: Dim _productionCompleteHandler As IProducer(Of T).ProductionCompleteEventHandler = AddressOf ProductionCompleteHandler 6: RemoveHandler producer.ProductionComplete, _productionCompleteHandler 7: producer.Dispose() 8: Next That’s “all” it took to finally be able to remove the event handlers and maintain type-safe code. Hopefully, this will save you the same challenges I had in trying to figure out how to fix this issue!

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• Library order is important

  - by Darryl Gove

  I've written quite extensively about link ordering issues, but I've not discussed the interaction between archive libraries and shared libraries. So let's take a simple program that calls a maths library function: #include <math.h int main() { for (int i=0; i<10000000; i++) { sin(i); } } We compile and run it to get the following performance: bash-3.2$ cc -g -O fp.c -lm bash-3.2$ timex ./a.out real 6.06 user 6.04 sys 0.01 Now most people will have heard of the optimised maths library which is added by the flag -xlibmopt. This contains optimised versions of key mathematical functions, in this instance, using the library doubles performance: bash-3.2$ cc -g -O -xlibmopt fp.c -lm bash-3.2$ timex ./a.out real 2.70 user 2.69 sys 0.00 The optimised maths library is provided as an archive library (libmopt.a), and the driver adds it to the link line just before the maths library - this causes the linker to pick the definitions provided by the static library in preference to those provided by libm. We can see the processing by asking the compiler to print out the link line: bash-3.2$ cc -### -g -O -xlibmopt fp.c -lm /usr/ccs/bin/ld ... fp.o -lmopt -lm -o a.out... The flag to the linker is -lmopt, and this is placed before the -lm flag. So what happens when the -lm flag is in the wrong place on the command line: bash-3.2$ cc -g -O -xlibmopt -lm fp.c bash-3.2$ timex ./a.out real 6.02 user 6.01 sys 0.01 If the -lm flag is before the source file (or object file for that matter), we get the slower performance from the system maths library. Why's that? If we look at the link line we can see the following ordering: /usr/ccs/bin/ld ... -lmopt -lm fp.o -o a.out So the optimised maths library is still placed before the system maths library, but the object file is placed afterwards. This would be ok if the optimised maths library were a shared library, but it is not - instead it's an archive library, and archive library processing is different - as described in the linker and library guide: "The link-editor searches an archive only to resolve undefined or tentative external references that have previously been encountered." An archive library can only be used resolve symbols that are outstanding at that point in the link processing. When fp.o is placed before the libmopt.a archive library, then the linker has an unresolved symbol defined in fp.o, and it will search the archive library to resolve that symbol. If the archive library is placed before fp.o then there are no unresolved symbols at that point, and so the linker doesn't need to use the archive library. This is why libmopt needs to be placed after the object files on the link line. On the other hand if the linker has observed any shared libraries, then at any point these are checked for any unresolved symbols. The consequence of this is that once the linker "sees" libm it will resolve any symbols it can to that library, and it will not check the archive library to resolve them. This is why libmopt needs to be placed before libm on the link line. This leads to the following order for placing files on the link line: Object files Archive libraries Shared libraries If you use this order, then things will consistently get resolved to the archive libraries rather than to the shared libaries.

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• Strings in .NET are Enumerable

  - by Scott Dorman

  It seems like there is always some confusion concerning strings in .NET. This is both from developers who are new to the Framework and those that have been working with it for quite some time. Strings in the .NET Framework are represented by the System.String class, which encapsulates the data manipulation, sorting, and searching methods you most commonly perform on string data. In the .NET Framework, you can use System.String (which is the actual type name or the language alias (for C#, string). They are equivalent so use whichever naming convention you prefer but be consistent. Common usage (and my preference) is to use the language alias (string) when referring to the data type and String (the actual type name) when accessing the static members of the class. Many mainstream programming languages (like C and C++) treat strings as a null terminated array of characters. The .NET Framework, however, treats strings as an immutable sequence of Unicode characters which cannot be modified after it has been created. Because strings are immutable, all operations which modify the string contents are actually creating new string instances and returning those. They never modify the original string data. There is one important word in the preceding paragraph which many people tend to miss: sequence. In .NET, strings are treated as a sequence…in fact, they are treated as an enumerable sequence. This can be verified if you look at the class declaration for System.String, as seen below: // Summary:// Represents text as a series of Unicode characters.public sealed class String : IEnumerable, IComparable, IComparable<string>, IEquatable<string> The first interface that String implements is IEnumerable, which has the following definition: // Summary:// Exposes the enumerator, which supports a simple iteration over a non-generic// collection.public interface IEnumerable{ // Summary: // Returns an enumerator that iterates through a collection. // // Returns: // An System.Collections.IEnumerator object that can be used to iterate through // the collection. IEnumerator GetEnumerator();} As a side note, System.Array also implements IEnumerable. Why is that important to know? Simply put, it means that any operation you can perform on an array can also be performed on a string. This allows you to write code such as the following: string s = "The quick brown fox";foreach (var c in s){ System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(c);}for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++){ System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(s[i]);} If you executed those lines of code in a running application, you would see the following output in the Visual Studio Output window: In the case of a string, these enumerable or array operations return a char (System.Char) rather than a string. That might lead you to believe that you can get around the string immutability restriction by simply treating strings as an array and assigning a new character to a specific index location inside the string, like this: string s = "The quick brown fox";s[2] = 'a';   However, if you were to write such code, the compiler will promptly tell you that you can’t do it: This preserves the notion that strings are immutable and cannot be changed once they are created. (Incidentally, there is no built in way to replace a single character like this. It can be done but it would require converting the string to a character array, changing the appropriate indexed location, and then creating a new string.)

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• Managing common code on Windows 7 (.NET) and Windows 8 (WinRT)

  - by ryanabr

  Recent announcements regarding Windows Phone 8 and the fact that it will have the WinRT behind it might make some of this less painful but I  discovered the "XmlDocument" object is in a new location in WinRT and is almost the same as it's brother in .NET System.Xml.XmlDocument (.NET) Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument (WinRT) The problem I am trying to solve is how to work with both types in the code that performs the same task on both Windows Phone 7 and Windows 8 platforms. The first thing I did was define my own XmlNode and XmlNodeList classes that wrap the actual Microsoft objects so that by using the "#if" compiler directive either work with the WinRT version of the type, or the .NET version from the calling code easily. public class XmlNode     { #if WIN8         public Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlNode Node { get; set; }         public XmlNode(Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlNode xmlNode)         {             Node = xmlNode;         } #endif #if !WIN8 public System.Xml.XmlNode Node { get; set ; } public XmlNode(System.Xml.XmlNode xmlNode)         {             Node = xmlNode;         } #endif     } public class XmlNodeList     { #if WIN8         public Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlNodeList List { get; set; }         public int Count {get {return (int)List.Count;}}         public XmlNodeList(Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlNodeList list)         {             List = list;         } #endif #if !WIN8 public System.Xml.XmlNodeList List { get; set ; } public int Count { get { return List.Count;}} public XmlNodeList(System.Xml.XmlNodeList list)         {             List = list;        } #endif     } From there I can then use my XmlNode and XmlNodeList in the calling code with out having to clutter the code with all of the additional #if switches. The challenge after this was the code that worked directly with the XMLDocument object needed to be seperate on both platforms since the method for populating the XmlDocument object is completly different on both platforms. To solve this issue. I made partial classes, one partial class for .NET and one for WinRT. Both projects have Links to the Partial Class that contains the code that is the same for the majority of the class, and the partial class contains the code that is unique to the version of the XmlDocument. The files with the little arrow in the lower left corner denotes 'linked files' and are shared in multiple projects but only exist in one location in source control. You can see that the _Win7 partial class is included directly in the project since it include code that is only for the .NET platform, where as it's cousin the _Win8 (not pictured above) has all of the code specific to the _Win8 platform. In the _Win7 partial class is this code: public partial class WUndergroundViewModel     { public static WUndergroundData GetWeatherData( double lat, double lng)         { WUndergroundData data = new WUndergroundData();             System.Net. WebClient c = new System.Net. WebClient(); string req = "http://api.wunderground.com/api/xxx/yesterday/conditions/forecast/q/[LAT],[LNG].xml" ;             req = req.Replace( "[LAT]" , lat.ToString());             req = req.Replace( "[LNG]" , lng.ToString()); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();             doc.Load(c.OpenRead(req)); foreach (XmlNode item in doc.SelectNodes("/response/features/feature" ))             { switch (item.Node.InnerText)                 { case "yesterday" :                         ParseForecast( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/txt_forecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/simpleforecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), data); break ; case "conditions" :                         ParseCurrent( new FishingControls.XmlNode (doc.SelectSingleNode("/response/current_observation" )), data); break ; case "forecast" :                         ParseYesterday( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/history/observations/observation" )),data); break ;                 }             } return data;         }     } in _win8 partial class is this code: public partial class WUndergroundViewModel     { public async static Task< WUndergroundData > GetWeatherData(double lat, double lng)         { WUndergroundData data = new WUndergroundData (); HttpClient c = new HttpClient (); string req = "http://api.wunderground.com/api/xxxx/yesterday/conditions/forecast/q/[LAT],[LNG].xml" ;             req = req.Replace( "[LAT]" , lat.ToString());             req = req.Replace( "[LNG]" , lng.ToString()); HttpResponseMessage msg = await c.GetAsync(req); string stream = await msg.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument ();             doc.LoadXml(stream, null); foreach ( IXmlNode item in doc.SelectNodes("/response/features/feature" ))             { switch (item.InnerText)                 { case "yesterday" :                         ParseForecast( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/txt_forecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/simpleforecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), data); break; case "conditions" :                         ParseCurrent( new FishingControls.XmlNode (doc.SelectSingleNode("/response/current_observation" )), data); break; case "forecast" :                         ParseYesterday( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/history/observations/observation")), data); break;                 }             } return data;         }     } Summary: This method allows me to have common 'business' code for both platforms that is pretty clean, and I manage the technology differences separately. Thank you tostringtheory for your suggestion, I was considering that approach.

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• JavaOne 2012: Nashorn Edition

  - by $utils.escapeXML($entry.author)

  As with my JavaOne 2012: OpenJDK Edition post a while back (now updated to reflect the schedule of the talks), I find it convenient to have my JavaOne schedule ordered by subjects of interest. Beside OpenJDK in all its flavors, another subject I find very exciting is Nashorn. I blogged about the various material on Nashorn in the past, and we interviewed Jim Laskey, the Project Lead on Project Nashorn in the Java Spotlight podcast. So without further ado, here are the JavaOne 2012 talks and BOFs with Nashorn in their title, or abstract:CON5390 - Nashorn: Optimizing JavaScript and Dynamic Language Execution on the JVM - Monday, Oct 1, 8:30 AM - 9:30 AMThere are many implementations of JavaScript, meant to run either on the JVM or standalone as native code. Both approaches have their respective pros and cons. The Oracle Nashorn JavaScript project is based on the former approach. This presentation goes through the performance work that has gone on in Oracle’s Nashorn JavaScript project to date in order to make JavaScript-to-bytecode generation for execution on the JVM feasible. It shows that the new invoke dynamic bytecode gets us part of the way there but may not quite be enough. What other tricks did the Nashorn project use? The presentation also discusses future directions for increased performance for dynamic languages on the JVM, covering proposed enhancements to both the JVM itself and to the bytecode compiler.CON4082 - Nashorn: JavaScript on the JVM - Monday, Oct 1, 3:00 PM - 4:00 PMThe JavaScript programming language has been experiencing a renaissance of late, driven by the interest in HTML5. Nashorn is a JavaScript engine implemented fully in Java on the JVM. It is based on the Da Vinci Machine (JSR 292) and will be available with JDK 8. This session describes the goals of Project Nashorn, gives a top-level view of how it all works, provides the current status, and demonstrates examples of JavaScript and Java working together.BOF4763 - Meet the Nashorn JavaScript Team - Tuesday, Oct 2, 4:30 PM - 5:15 PMCome to this session to meet the Oracle JavaScript (Project Nashorn) language teamBOF6661 - Nashorn, Node, and Java Persistence - Tuesday, Oct 2, 5:30 PM - 6:15 PMWith Project Nashorn, developers will have a full and modern JavaScript engine available on the JVM. In addition, they will have support for running Node applications with Node.jar. This unique combination of capabilities opens the door for best-of-breed applications combining Node with Java SE and Java EE. In this session, you’ll learn about Node.jar and how it can be combined with Java EE components such as EclipseLink JPA for rich Java persistence. You’ll also hear about all of Node.jar’s mapping, caching, querying, performance, and scaling features.CON10657 - The Polyglot Java VM and Java Middleware - Thursday, Oct 4, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMIn this session, Red Hat and Oracle discuss the impact of polyglot programming from their own unique perspectives, examining non-Java languages that utilize Oracle’s Java HotSpot VM. You’ll hear a discussion of topics relating to Ruby, Lisp, and Clojure and the intersection of other languages where they may touch upon individual frameworks and projects, and you’ll get perspectives on JavaScript via the Nashorn Project, an upcoming JavaScript engine, developed fully in Java.CON5251 - Putting the Metaobject Protocol to Work: Nashorn’s Java Bindings - Thursday, Oct 4, 2:00 PM - 3:00 PMProject Nashorn is Oracle’s new JavaScript runtime in Java 8. Being a JavaScript runtime running on the JVM, it provides integration with the underlying runtime by enabling JavaScript objects to manipulate Java objects, implement Java interfaces, and extend Java classes. Nashorn is invokedynamic-based, and for its Java integration, it does away with the concept of wrapper objects in favor of direct virtual machine linking to Java objects’ methods provided by a metaobject protocol, providing much higher performance than what could be expected from a scripting runtime. This session looks at the details of the integration, a topic of interest to other language implementers on the JVM and a wider audience of developers who want to understand how Nashorn works.That's 6 sessions tooting the Nashorn this year at JavaOne, up from 2 last year.

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• Selling Federal Enterprise Architecture (EA)

  - by TedMcLaughlan

  Selling Federal Enterprise Architecture A taxonomy of subject areas, from which to develop a prioritized marketing and communications plan to evangelize EA activities within and among US Federal Government organizations and constituents. Any and all feedback is appreciated, particularly in developing and extending this discussion as a tool for use – more information and details are also available. "Selling" the discipline of Enterprise Architecture (EA) in the Federal Government (particularly in non-DoD agencies) is difficult, notwithstanding the general availability and use of the Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) for some time now, and the relatively mature use of the reference models in the OMB Capital Planning and Investment (CPIC) cycles. EA in the Federal Government also tends to be a very esoteric and hard to decipher conversation – early apologies to those who agree to continue reading this somewhat lengthy article. Alignment to the FEAF and OMB compliance mandates is long underway across the Federal Departments and Agencies (and visible via tools like PortfolioStat and ITDashboard.gov – but there is still a gap between the top-down compliance directives and enablement programs, and the bottom-up awareness and effective use of EA for either IT investment management or actual mission effectiveness. "EA isn't getting deep enough penetration into programs, components, sub-agencies, etc.", verified a panelist at the most recent EA Government Conference in DC. Newer guidance from OMB may be especially difficult to handle, where bottom-up input can't be accurately aligned, analyzed and reported via standardized EA discipline at the Agency level – for example in addressing the new (for FY13) Exhibit 53D "Agency IT Reductions and Reinvestments" and the information required for "Cloud Computing Alternatives Evaluation" (supporting the new Exhibit 53C, "Agency Cloud Computing Portfolio"). Therefore, EA must be "sold" directly to the communities that matter, from a coordinated, proactive messaging perspective that takes BOTH the Program-level value drivers AND the broader Agency mission and IT maturity context into consideration. Selling EA means persuading others to take additional time and possibly assign additional resources, for a mix of direct and indirect benefits – many of which aren't likely to be realized in the short-term. This means there's probably little current, allocated budget to work with; ergo the challenge of trying to sell an "unfunded mandate". Also, the concept of "Enterprise" in large Departments like Homeland Security tends to cross all kinds of organizational boundaries – as Richard Spires recently indicated by commenting that "...organizational boundaries still trump functional similarities. Most people understand what we're trying to do internally, and at a high level they get it. The problem, of course, is when you get down to them and their system and the fact that you're going to be touching them...there's always that fear factor," Spires said. It is quite clear to the Federal IT Investment community that for EA to meet its objective, understandable, relevant value must be measured and reported using a repeatable method – as described by GAO's recent report "Enterprise Architecture Value Needs To Be Measured and Reported". What's not clear is the method or guidance to sell this value. In fact, the current GAO "Framework for Assessing and Improving Enterprise Architecture Management (Version 2.0)", a.k.a. the "EAMMF", does not include words like "sell", "persuade", "market", etc., except in reference ("within Core Element 19: Organization business owner and CXO representatives are actively engaged in architecture development") to a brief section in the CIO Council's 2001 "Practical Guide to Federal Enterprise Architecture", entitled "3.3.1. Develop an EA Marketing Strategy and Communications Plan." Furthermore, Core Element 19 of the EAMMF is advised to be applied in "Stage 3: Developing Initial EA Versions". This kind of EA sales campaign truly should start much earlier in the maturity progress, i.e. in Stages 0 or 1. So, what are the understandable, relevant benefits (or value) to sell, that can find an agreeable, participatory audience, and can pave the way towards success of a longer-term, funded set of EA mechanisms that can be methodically measured and reported? Pragmatic benefits from a useful EA that can help overcome the fear of change? And how should they be sold? Following is a brief taxonomy (it's a taxonomy, to help organize SME support) of benefit-related subjects that might make the most sense, in creating the messages and organizing an initial "engagement plan" for evangelizing EA "from within". An EA "Sales Taxonomy" of sorts. We're not boiling the ocean here; the subjects that are included are ones that currently appear to be urgently relevant to the current Federal IT Investment landscape. Note that successful dialogue in these topics is directly usable as input or guidance for actually developing early-stage, "Fit-for-Purpose" (a DoDAF term) Enterprise Architecture artifacts, as prescribed by common methods found in most EA methodologies, including FEAF, TOGAF, DoDAF and our own Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework (OEAF). The taxonomy below is organized by (1) Target Community, (2) Benefit or Value, and (3) EA Program Facet - as in: "Let's talk to (1: Community Member) about how and why (3: EA Facet) the EA program can help with (2: Benefit/Value)". Once the initial discussion targets and subjects are approved (that can be measured and reported), a "marketing and communications plan" can be created. A working example follows the Taxonomy. Enterprise Architecture Sales Taxonomy Draft, Summary Version 1. Community 1.1. Budgeted Programs or Portfolios Communities of Purpose (CoPR) 1.1.1. Program/System Owners (Senior Execs) Creating or Executing Acquisition Plans 1.1.2. Program/System Owners Facing Strategic Change 1.1.2.1. Mandated 1.1.2.2. Expected/Anticipated 1.1.3. Program Managers - Creating Employee Performance Plans 1.1.4. CO/COTRs – Creating Contractor Performance Plans, or evaluating Value Engineering Change Proposals (VECP) 1.2. Governance & Communications Communities of Practice (CoP) 1.2.1. Policy Owners 1.2.1.1. OCFO 1.2.1.1.1. Budget/Procurement Office 1.2.1.1.2. Strategic Planning 1.2.1.2. OCIO 1.2.1.2.1. IT Management 1.2.1.2.2. IT Operations 1.2.1.2.3. Information Assurance (Cyber Security) 1.2.1.2.4. IT Innovation 1.2.1.3. Information-Sharing/ Process Collaboration (i.e. policies and procedures regarding Partners, Agreements) 1.2.2. Governing IT Council/SME Peers (i.e. an "Architects Council") 1.2.2.1. Enterprise Architects (assumes others exist; also assumes EA participants aren't buried solely within the CIO shop) 1.2.2.2. Domain, Enclave, Segment Architects – i.e. the right affinity group for a "shared services" EA structure (per the EAMMF), which may be classified as Federated, Segmented, Service-Oriented, or Extended 1.2.2.3. External Oversight/Constraints 1.2.2.3.1. GAO/OIG & Legal 1.2.2.3.2. Industry Standards 1.2.2.3.3. Official public notification, response 1.2.3. Mission Constituents Participant & Analyst Community of Interest (CoI) 1.2.3.1. Mission Operators/Users 1.2.3.2. Public Constituents 1.2.3.3. Industry Advisory Groups, Stakeholders 1.2.3.4. Media 2. Benefit/Value (Note the actual benefits may not be discretely attributable to EA alone; EA is a very collaborative, cross-cutting discipline.) 2.1. Program Costs – EA enables sound decisions regarding... 2.1.1. Cost Avoidance – a TCO theme 2.1.2. Sequencing – alignment of capability delivery 2.1.3. Budget Instability – a Federal reality 2.2. Investment Capital – EA illuminates new investment resources via... 2.2.1. Value Engineering – contractor-driven cost savings on existing budgets, direct or collateral 2.2.2. Reuse – reuse of investments between programs can result in savings, chargeback models; avoiding duplication 2.2.3. License Refactoring – IT license & support models may not reflect actual or intended usage 2.3. Contextual Knowledge – EA enables informed decisions by revealing... 2.3.1. Common Operating Picture (COP) – i.e. cross-program impacts and synergy, relative to context 2.3.2. Expertise & Skill – who truly should be involved in architectural decisions, both business and IT 2.3.3. Influence – the impact of politics and relationships can be examined 2.3.4. Disruptive Technologies – new technologies may reduce costs or mitigate risk in unanticipated ways 2.3.5. What-If Scenarios – can become much more refined, current, verifiable; basis for Target Architectures 2.4. Mission Performance – EA enables beneficial decision results regarding... 2.4.1. IT Performance and Optimization – towards 100% effective, available resource utilization 2.4.2. IT Stability – towards 100%, real-time uptime 2.4.3. Agility – responding to rapid changes in mission 2.4.4. Outcomes –measures of mission success, KPIs – vs. only "Outputs" 2.4.5. Constraints – appropriate response to constraints 2.4.6. Personnel Performance – better line-of-sight through performance plans to mission outcome 2.5. Mission Risk Mitigation – EA mitigates decision risks in terms of... 2.5.1. Compliance – all the right boxes are checked 2.5.2. Dependencies –cross-agency, segment, government 2.5.3. Transparency – risks, impact and resource utilization are illuminated quickly, comprehensively 2.5.4. Threats and Vulnerabilities – current, realistic awareness and profiles 2.5.5. Consequences – realization of risk can be mapped as a series of consequences, from earlier decisions or new decisions required for current issues 2.5.5.1. Unanticipated – illuminating signals of future or non-symmetric risk; helping to "future-proof" 2.5.5.2. Anticipated – discovering the level of impact that matters 3. EA Program Facet (What parts of the EA can and should be communicated, using business or mission terms?) 3.1. Architecture Models – the visual tools to be created and used 3.1.1. Operating Architecture – the Business Operating Model/Architecture elements of the EA truly drive all other elements, plus expose communication channels 3.1.2. Use Of – how can the EA models be used, and how are they populated, from a reasonable, pragmatic yet compliant perspective? What are the core/minimal models required? What's the relationship of these models, with existing system models? 3.1.3. Scope – what level of granularity within the models, and what level of abstraction across the models, is likely to be most effective and useful? 3.2. Traceability – the maturity, status, completeness of the tools 3.2.1. Status – what in fact is the degree of maturity across the integrated EA model and other relevant governance models, and who may already be benefiting from it? 3.2.2. Visibility – how does the EA visibly and effectively prove IT investment performance goals are being reached, with positive mission outcome? 3.3. Governance – what's the interaction, participation method; how are the tools used? 3.3.1. Contributions – how is the EA program informed, accept submissions, collect data? Who are the experts? 3.3.2. Review – how is the EA validated, against what criteria?  Taxonomy Usage Example:   1. To speak with: a. ...a particular set of System Owners Facing Strategic Change, via mandate (like the "Cloud First" mandate); about... b. ...how the EA program's visible and easily accessible Infrastructure Reference Model (i.e. "IRM" or "TRM"), if updated more completely with current system data, can... c. ...help shed light on ways to mitigate risks and avoid future costs associated with NOT leveraging potentially-available shared services across the enterprise... 2. ....the following Marketing & Communications (Sales) Plan can be constructed: a. Create an easy-to-read "Consequence Model" that illustrates how adoption of a cloud capability (like elastic operational storage) can enable rapid and durable compliance with the mandate – using EA traceability. Traceability might be from the IRM to the ARM (that identifies reusable services invoking the elastic storage), and then to the PRM with performance measures (such as % utilization of purchased storage allocation) included in the OMB Exhibits; and b. Schedule a meeting with the Program Owners, timed during their Acquisition Strategy meetings in response to the mandate, to use the "Consequence Model" for advising them to organize a rapid and relevant RFI solicitation for this cloud capability (regarding alternatives for sourcing elastic operational storage); and c. Schedule a series of short "Discovery" meetings with the system architecture leads (as agreed by the Program Owners), to further populate/validate the "As-Is" models and frame the "To Be" models (via scenarios), to better inform the RFI, obtain the best feedback from the vendor community, and provide potential value for and avoid impact to all other programs and systems. --end example -- Note that communications with the intended audience should take a page out of the standard "Search Engine Optimization" (SEO) playbook, using keywords and phrases relating to "value" and "outcome" vs. "compliance" and "output". Searches in email boxes, internal and external search engines for phrases like "cost avoidance strategies", "mission performance metrics" and "innovation funding" should yield messages and content from the EA team. This targeted, informed, practical sales approach should result in additional buy-in and participation, additional EA information contribution and model validation, development of more SMEs and quick "proof points" (with real-life testing) to bolster the case for EA. The proof point here is a successful, timely procurement that satisfies not only the external mandate and external oversight review, but also meets internal EA compliance/conformance goals and therefore is more transparently useful across the community. In short, if sold effectively, the EA will perform and be recognized. EA won’t therefore be used only for compliance, but also (according to a validated, stated purpose) to directly influence decisions and outcomes. The opinions, views and analysis expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Oracle.

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• Subterranean IL: Exception handling 2

  - by Simon Cooper

  Control flow in and around exception handlers is tightly controlled, due to the various ways the handler blocks can be executed. To start off with, I'll describe what SEH does when an exception is thrown. Handling exceptions When an exception is thrown, the CLR stops program execution at the throw statement and searches up the call stack looking for an appropriate handler; catch clauses are analyzed, and filter blocks are executed (I'll be looking at filter blocks in a later post). Then, when an appropriate catch or filter handler is found, the stack is unwound to that handler, executing successive finally and fault handlers in their own stack contexts along the way, and program execution continues at the start of the catch handler. Because catch, fault, finally and filter blocks can be executed essentially out of the blue by the SEH mechanism, without any reference to preceding instructions, you can't use arbitary branches in and out of exception handler blocks. Instead, you need to use specific instructions for control flow out of handler blocks: leave, endfinally/endfault, and endfilter. Exception handler control flow try blocks You cannot branch into or out of a try block or its handler using normal control flow instructions. The only way of entering a try block is by either falling through from preceding instructions, or by branching to the first instruction in the block. Once you are inside a try block, you can only leave it by throwing an exception or using the leave <label> instruction to jump to somewhere outside the block and its handler. The leave instructions signals the CLR to execute any finally handlers around the block. Most importantly, you cannot fall out of the block, and you cannot use a ret to return from the containing method (unlike in C#); you have to use leave to branch to a ret elsewhere in the method. As a side effect, leave empties the stack. catch blocks The only way of entering a catch block is if it is run by the SEH. At the start of the block execution, the thrown exception will be the only thing on the stack. The only way of leaving a catch block is to use throw, rethrow, or leave, in a similar way to try blocks. However, one thing you can do is use a leave to branch back to an arbitary place in the handler's try block! In other words, you can do this: .try { // ... newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Exception::.ctor() throw MidTry: // ... leave.s RestOfMethod } catch [mscorlib]System.Exception { // ... leave.s MidTry } RestOfMethod: // ... As far as I know, this mechanism is not exposed in C# or VB. finally/fault blocks The only way of entering a finally or fault block is via the SEH, either as the result of a leave instruction in the corresponding try block, or as part of handling an exception. The only way to leave a finally or fault block is to use endfinally or endfault (both compile to the same binary representation), which continues execution after the finally/fault block, or, if the block was executed as part of handling an exception, signals that the SEH can continue walking the stack. filter blocks I'll be covering filters in a separate blog posts. They're quite different to the others, and have their own special semantics. Phew! Complicated stuff, but it's important to know if you're writing or outputting exception handlers in IL. Dealing with the C# compiler is probably best saved for the next post.

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• Why Apple’s New SDK Limitation is So Offensive

  - by TStewartDev

  I am not an Apple fanboy, nor have I ever been. However, I have owned a Mac, an iPod, and an iPhone in my lifetime, and for more than a decade, I have defended Apple against the untruths that the haters so enjoy spewing. I encouraged my wife to buy a MacBook when she needed a new laptop two years ago, and I often recommend them to my friends and relatives. I have proudly and happily used my first generation iPhone for nearly three years. Now, for the first time in well over ten years, I find myself ready to swear off Apple and encourage everyone I know to do the same. I was disappointed when Apple wouldn't allow native apps, but I still bought the iPhone. I've stomached their ambiguous app approval process even though it's apparent that Steve may just reject your app because he doesn't like you or feels threatened by you (I'm still lamenting the rejection of the Google Voice app). But, as a developer, I can no longer tolerate Apple's terms and the kind of totalitarian control they indicate Apple wants. In case you are not already familiar, Apple has dictated in their OS 4.0 SDK license agreement (the now infamous Section 3.3.1) that all apps developed for the iPhone must be coded in C, C++, or Objective C, and moreover, that using any cross-compiling platforms is a violation of the agreement. For those of you who aren't developers, let me try to illustrate why this angers those of us who are. Imagine you're a professional writer. You've had articles published in some journals and magazines, and you've got a couple popular books out there, too. You've got an idea for a new book, and so you take it to your publisher. Your publisher agrees that it's a good idea. "But," says the publisher, "we want to hold our books to a tighter standard so that our readers get the experience we want them to have. Therefore, from now on, all our writers may only use words from this list of the 10,000 most common English words. Furthermore, if you cite any other works or quote anyone, they must comply with that same list, or you'll have to rewrite the entire work as well in case our readers want to look up your citation." What do you do? If your work is a children's book, this probably isn't a big deal to you. If it's an autobiography, textbook, or even a novel, though, you're going to have a lot of trouble describing your content with only common words. It's going to take you longer to complete your book, too, since you'll be looking up less common words frequently to see if you can use them. You could always go to another publisher, but this one has the best ability to distribute your book. The next largest distributor can only do a quarter as much. You could abandon the project altogether, but then everyone loses. Isn't this a silly scenario? Who would put such a limitation on writers? Yet this is very much what Apple is doing. They are using their dominant position in the market to coerce developers to write their apps exclusively for the iPhone OS by making it too expensive to write for multiple platforms. It is at least a threefold attack, striking at Adobe who is set to release a compiler that lets Flash source be compiled to iPhone binaries; striking at Google whose Android platform stands the best chance at the moment of providing serious competition to the iPhone; and reinforcing their own strong position by keeping popular apps exclusively to iPhone. And while developers are already very upset about this, the sad fact is that most of us will cave and give in to Apple because consumers don't know any better. They will continue to buy Apple's toy forcing developers to play Apple's maniacal game in order to make any money, at least until Steve Jobs decides he doesn't like them or he intends to release a competing application (bye-bye OpenFeint). Apple has been kept in check on the desktop front by a very dominant Microsoft, but I'm afraid that their success with iPods, iTunes, and iPhones has created a monster that we may have to bear until it is slain by an anti-trust suit or dies with the retirement of Steve Jobs.

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• Framework for Everything - Where to begin? [Longer post]

  - by SquaredSoft

  Back story of this question, feel free to skip down for the specific question Hello, I've been very interested in the idea of abstract programming the last few years. I've made about 30 attempts at creating a piece of software that is capable of almost anything you throw at it. I've undertook some attempts at this that have taken upwards of a year, while getting close, never releasing it beyond my compiler. This has been something I've always tried wrapping my head around, and something is always missing. With the title, I'm sure you're assuming, "Yes of course you noob! You can't account for everything!" To which I have to reply, "Why not?" To give you some background into what I'm talking about, this all started with doing maybe a shade of gray hat SEO software. I found myself constantly having to create similar, but slightly different sets of code. I've gone through as many iterations of way to communicate on http as the universe has particles. "How many times am I going to have to write this multi-threaded class?" is something I found myself asking a lot. Sure, I could create a class library, and just work with that, but I always felt I could optimize what I had, which often was a large undertaking and typically involved frequent use of the CRTL+A keyboard shortcut, mixed with the delete button. It dawned on me that it was time to invest in a plugin system. This would allow me to simply add snippets of code. as time went on, and I could subversion stuff out, and distribute small chunks of code, rather than something that encompasses only a specific function or design. This comes with its own complexity, of course, and by the time I had finished the software scope for this addition, it hit me that I would want to add to everything in the software, not just a new http method, or automation code for a specific website. Great, we're getting more abstract. However, the software that I have in my mind comes down to a quite a few questions regarding its execution. I have to have some parameters to what I am going to do. After writing what the perfect software would do in my mind, I came up with this as a list of requirements: Should be able to use networking A "Macro" or "Expression system" which would allow people to do something like : =First(=ParseToList(=GetUrl("http://www.google.com?q=helloworld!"), Template.Google)) Multithreaded Able to add UI elements through some type of XML -- People can make their own addons etc. Can use third party API through the plugins, such as Microsoft CRM, Exchange, etc. This would allow the software to essentially be used for everything. Really, any task you wish to automate, in a simple way. Making the UI was as also extremely hard. How do you do all of this? Its very difficult. So my question: With so many attempts at this, I'm out of ideas how to successfully complete this. I have a very specific idea in my mind, but I keep failing to execute it. I'm a self taught programmer. I've been doing it for years, and work professionally in it, but I've never encountered something that would be as complex and in-depth as a system which essentially does everything. Where would you start? What are the best practices for design? How can I avoid constantly having to go back and optimize my software. What can I do to generalize this and draw everything out to completion. These are things I struggle with. P.s., I'm using c# as my main language. I feel like in this example, I might be hitting the outer limit of the language, although, I don't know if that is the case, or if I'm just a bad programmer. Thanks for your time.

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• Does *every* project benefit from written specifications?

  - by nikie

  I know this is holy war territory, so please read the question to the end before answering. There are many cases where written specifications make a lot of sense. For example, if you're a contractor and you want to get paid, you need written specs. If you're working in a team with 20 persons, you need written specs. If you're writing a programming language compiler or interpreter (and it's not perl), you'll usually write a formal specification. I don't doubt that there are many more cases where written specifications are a really good idea. I just think that there are cases where there's so little benefit in written specs, that it doesn't outweigh the costs of writing and maintaining them. EDIT: The close votes say that "it is difficult to say what is asked here", so let me clarify: The usefulness of written, detailed specifications is often claimed like a dogma. (If you want examples, look at the comments.) But I don't see the use of them for the kind of development I'm doing. So what is asked here is: How would written specifications help me? Background information: I work for a small company that's developing vertical market software. If our product is easier to use and has better performance than the competition, it sells. If it's harder to use, even if it behaves 100% as the specification says, it doesn't sell. So there are no "external forces" for having written specs. The advantage would have to be somewhere in the development process. Now, I can see how frozen specifications would make a developer's life easier. But we'll never have frozen specs. If we see in the middle of development that feature X is not intuitive to use the way it's specified, then we can only choose between changing the specification or developing a product that won't sell. You'll probably ask by now: How do you know when you're done? Well, we're continually improving our product. The competition does the same. So (hopefully) we're never done. We keep improving the software, and when we reach a point when the benefits of the improvements we've added since the last release outweigh the costs of an update, we create a new release that is then tested, localized, documented and deployed. This also means that there's rarely any schedule pressure. Nobody has to do overtime to make a deadline. If the feature isn't done by the time we want to release the next version, it'll simply go into the next version. The next question might be: How do your developers know what they're supposed to implement? The answer is: They have a lot of domain knowledge. They know the customers business well enough, so a high-level description of the feature (or even just the problem that the customer needs solved) is enough to implement it. If it's not clear, the developer creates a few fake screens to get feedback from marketing/management or customers, but this is nowhere near the level of detail of actual specifications. This might be inefficient for larger teams, but for a small team with low turnover it works quite well. It has the additional benefit that the developer in question often comes up with a better solution than the person writing the specs might have. This question is already getting very long, but let me address one last point: Testing. Like I said in the beginning, if our software behaves 100% like the spec says, it still can be crap. In fact, if it's so unintuitive that you need a spec to know how to test it, it probably is crap. It makes sense to have fixed, written tests for some core functionality and for regression bugs, but again, this is nowhere near a full written spec of how the software should behave when. The main test is: hand the software to a user who doesn't know it yet and tell him to use the new feature X. If she can figure out how to use it and it works, it works.

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• Why is the framerate (fps) capped at 60?

  - by dennmat

  ISSUE I recently moved a project from my laptop to my desktop(machine info below). On my laptop the exact same code displays the fps(and ms/f) correctly. On my desktop it does not. What I mean by this is on the laptop it will display 300 fps(for example) where on my desktop it will show only up to 60. If I add 100 objects to the game on the laptop I'll see my frame rate drop accordingly; the same test on the desktop results in no change and the frames stay at 60. It takes a lot(~300) entities before I'll see a frame drop on the desktop, then it will descend. It seems as though its "theoretical" frames would be 400 or 500 but will never actually get to that and only do 60 until there's too much to handle at 60. This 60 frame cap is coming from no where. I'm not doing any frame limiting myself. It seems like something external is limiting my loop iterations on the desktop, but for the last couple days I've been scratching my head trying to figure out how to debug this. SETUPS Desktop: Visual Studio Express 2012 Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit Laptop: Visual Studio Express 2010 Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit The libraries(allegro, box2d) are the same versions on both setups. CODE Main Loop: while(!abort) { frameTime = al_get_time(); if (frameTime - lastTime >= 1.0) { lastFps = fps/(frameTime - lastTime); lastTime = frameTime; avgMspf = cumMspf/fps; cumMspf = 0.0; fps = 0; } /** DRAWING/UPDATE CODE **/ fps++; cumMspf += al_get_time() - frameTime; } Note: There is no blocking code in the loop at any point. Where I'm at My understanding of al_get_time() is that it can return different resolutions depending on the system. However the resolution is never worse than seconds, and the double is represented as [seconds].[finer-resolution] and seeing as I'm only checking for a whole second al_get_time() shouldn't be responsible. My project settings and compiler options are the same. And I promise its the same code on both machines. My googling really didn't help me much, and although technically it's not that big of a deal. I'd really like to figure this out or perhaps have it explained, whichever comes first. Even just an idea of how to go about figuring out possible causes, because I'm out of ideas. Any help at all is greatly appreciated. EDIT: Thanks All. For any others that find this to disable vSync(windows only) in opengl: First get "wglext.h". It's all over the web. Then you can use a tool like GLee or just write your own quick extensions manager like: bool WGLExtensionSupported(const char *extension_name) { PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC _wglGetExtensionsStringEXT = NULL; _wglGetExtensionsStringEXT = (PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC) wglGetProcAddress("wglGetExtensionsStringEXT"); if (strstr(_wglGetExtensionsStringEXT(), extension_name) == NULL) { return false; } return true; } and then create and setup your function pointers: PFNWGLSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC wglSwapIntervalEXT = NULL; PFNWGLGETSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC wglGetSwapIntervalEXT = NULL; if (WGLExtensionSupported("WGL_EXT_swap_control")) { // Extension is supported, init pointers. wglSwapIntervalEXT = (PFNWGLSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC) wglGetProcAddress("wglSwapIntervalEXT"); // this is another function from WGL_EXT_swap_control extension wglGetSwapIntervalEXT = (PFNWGLGETSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC) wglGetProcAddress("wglGetSwapIntervalEXT"); } Then just call wglSwapIntervalEXT(0) to disable vSync and 1 to enable vSync. I found the reason this is windows only is that openGl actually doesn't deal with anything other than rendering it leaves the rest up to the OS and Hardware. Thanks everyone saved me a lot of time!

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• What do you need to know to be a world-class master software developer? [closed]

  - by glitch

  I wanted to bring up this question to you folks and see what you think, hopefully advise me on the matter: let's say you had 30 years of learning and practicing software development in front of you, how would you dedicate your time so that you'd get the biggest bang for your buck. What would you both learn and work on to be a world-class software developer that would make a large impact on the industry and leave behind a legacy? I think that most great developers end up being both broad generalists and specialists in one-two areas of interest. I'm thinking Bill Joy, John Carmack, Linus Torvalds, K&R and so on. I'm thinking that perhaps one approach would be to break things down by categories and establish a base minimum of "software development" greatness. I'm thinking: Operating Systems: completely internalize the core concepts of OS, perhaps gain a lot of familiarity with an OSS one such as Linux. Anything from memory management to device drivers has to be complete second nature. Programming Languages: this is one of those topics that imho has to be fully grokked even if it might take many years. I don't think there's quite anything like going through the process of developing your own compiler, understanding language design trade-offs and so on. Programming Language Pragmatics is one of my favorite books actually, I think you want to have that internalized back to back, and that's just the start. You could go significantly deeper, but I think it's time well spent, because it's such a crucial building block. As a subset of that, you want to really understand the different programming paradigms out there. Imperative, declarative, logic, functional and so on. Anything from assembly to LISP should be at the very least comfortable to write in. Contexts: I believe one should have experience working in different contexts to truly be able to appreciate the trade-offs that are being made every day. Embedded, web development, mobile development, UX development, distributed, cloud computing and so on. Hardware: I'm somewhat conflicted about this one. I think you want some understanding of computer architecture at a low level, but I feel like the concepts that will truly matter will be slightly higher level, such as CPU caching / memory hierarchy, ILP, and so on. Networking: we live in a completely network-dependent era. Having a good understanding of the OSI model, knowing how the Web works, how HTTP works and so on is pretty much a pre-requisite these days. Distributed systems: once again, everything's distributed these days, it's getting progressively harder to ignore this reality. Slightly related, perhaps add solid understanding of how browsers work to that, since the world seems to be moving so much to interfacing with everything through a browser. Tools: Have a really broad toolset that you're familiar with, one that continuously expands throughout the years. Communication: I think being a great writer, effective communicator and a phenomenal team player is pretty much a prerequisite for a lot of a software developer's greatness. It can't be overstated. Software engineering: understanding the process of building software, team dynamics, the requirements of the business-side, all the pitfalls. You want to deeply understand where what you're writing fits from the market perspective. The better you understand all of this, the more of your work will actually see the daylight. This is really just a starting list, I'm confident that there's a ton of other material that you need to master. As I mentioned, you most likely end up specializing in a bunch of these areas as you go along, but I was trying to come up with a baseline. Any thoughts, suggestions and words of wisdom from the grizzled veterans out there who would like to share their thoughts and experiences with this? I'd really love to know what you think!

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• Entity System with C++ templates

  - by tommaisey

  I've been getting interested in the Entity/Component style of game programming, and I've come up with a design in C++ which I'd like a critique of. I decided to go with a fairly pure Entity system, where entities are simply an ID number. Components are stored in a series of vectors - one for each Component type. However, I didn't want to have to add boilerplate code for every new Component type I added to the game. Nor did I want to use macros to do this, which frankly scare me. So I've come up with a system based on templates and type hinting. But there are some potential issues I'd like to check before I spend ages writing this (I'm a slow coder!) All Components derive from a Component base class. This base class has a protected constructor, that takes a string parameter. When you write a new derived Component class, you must initialise the base with the name of your new class in a string. When you first instantiate a new DerivedComponent, it adds the string to a static hashmap inside Component mapped to a unique integer id. When you subsequently instantiate more Components of the same type, no action is taken. The result (I think) should be a static hashmap with the name of each class derived from Component that you instantiate at least once, mapped to a unique id, which can by obtained with the static method Component::getTypeId ("DerivedComponent"). Phew. The next important part is TypedComponentList<typename PropertyType>. This is basically just a wrapper to an std::vector<typename PropertyType> with some useful methods. It also contains a hashmap of entity ID numbers to slots in the array so we can find Components by their entity owner. Crucially TypedComponentList<> is derived from the non-template class ComponentList. This allows me to maintain a list of pointers to ComponentList in my main ComponentManager, which actually point to TypedComponentLists with different template parameters (sneaky). The Component manager has template functions such as: template <typename ComponentType> void addProperty (ComponentType& component, int componentTypeId, int entityId) and: template <typename ComponentType> TypedComponentList<ComponentType>* getComponentList (int componentTypeId) which deal with casting from ComponentList to the correct TypedComponentList for you. So to get a list of a particular type of Component you call: TypedComponentList<MyComponent>* list = componentManager.getComponentList<MyComponent> (Component::getTypeId("MyComponent")); Which I'll admit looks pretty ugly. Bad points of the design: If a user of the code writes a new Component class but supplies the wrong string to the base constructor, the whole system will fail. Each time a new Component is instantiated, we must check a hashed string to see if that component type has bee instantiated before. Will probably generate a lot of assembly because of the extensive use of templates. I don't know how well the compiler will be able to minimise this. You could consider the whole system a bit complex - perhaps premature optimisation? But I want to use this code again and again, so I want it to be performant. Good points of the design: Components are stored in typed vectors but they can also be found by using their entity owner id as a hash. This means we can iterate them fast, and minimise cache misses, but also skip straight to the component we need if necessary. We can freely add Components of different types to the system without having to add and manage new Component vectors by hand. What do you think? Do the good points outweigh the bad?

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• Concurrent Affairs

  - by Tony Davis

  I once wrote an editorial, multi-core mania, on the conundrum of ever-increasing numbers of processor cores, but without the concurrent programming techniques to get anywhere near exploiting their performance potential. I came to the.controversial.conclusion that, while the problem loomed for all procedural languages, it was not a big issue for the vast majority of programmers. Two years later, I still think most programmers don't concern themselves overly with this issue, but I do think that's a bigger problem than I originally implied. Firstly, is the performance boost from writing code that can fully exploit all available cores worth the cost of the additional programming complexity? Right now, with quad-core processors that, at best, can make our programs four times faster, the answer is still no for many applications. But what happens in a few years, as the number of cores grows to 100 or even 1000? At this point, it becomes very hard to ignore the potential gains from exploiting concurrency. Possibly, I was optimistic to assume that, by the time we have 100-core processors, and most applications really needed to exploit them, some technology would be around to allow us to do so with relative ease. The ideal solution would be one that allows programmers to forget about the problem, in much the same way that garbage collection removed the need to worry too much about memory allocation. From all I can find on the topic, though, there is only a remote likelihood that we'll ever have a compiler that takes a program written in a single-threaded style and "auto-magically" converts it into an efficient, correct, multi-threaded program. At the same time, it seems clear that what is currently the most common solution, multi-threaded programming with shared memory, is unsustainable. As soon as a piece of state can be changed by a different thread of execution, the potential number of execution paths through your program grows exponentially with the number of threads. If you have two threads, each executing n instructions, then there are 2^n possible "interleavings" of those instructions. Of course, many of those interleavings will have identical behavior, but several won't. Not only does this make understanding how a program works an order of magnitude harder, but it will also result in irreproducible, non-deterministic, bugs. And of course, the problem will be many times worse when you have a hundred or a thousand threads. So what is the answer? All of the possible alternatives require a change in the way we write programs and, currently, seem to be plagued by performance issues. Software transactional memory (STM) applies the ideas of database transactions, and optimistic concurrency control, to memory. However, working out how to break down your program into sufficiently small transactions, so as to avoid contention issues, isn't easy. Another approach is concurrency with actors, where instead of having threads share memory, each thread runs in complete isolation, and communicates with others by passing messages. It simplifies concurrent programs but still has performance issues, if the threads need to operate on the same large piece of data. There are doubtless other possible solutions that I haven't mentioned, and I would love to know to what extent you, as a developer, are considering the problem of multi-core concurrency, what solution you currently favor, and why. Cheers, Tony.

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• fatal error C1084: Cannot read type library file: 'Smegui.tlb': Error loading type library/DLL.

  - by Steiny

  Hi, I am trying to build an old version of an application which consists of VC++ projects that were written in Visual Studio 2003. My OS is Windows 7 Enterprise (64-bit). When I try and build the solution I get the following errors: error C4772: #import referenced a type from a missing type library; '__missing_type__' used as a placeholder fatal error C1084: Cannot read type library file: 'Smegui.tlb': Error loading type library/DLL. They both complain about the following import statement: #import "Smegui.tlb" no_implementation This is not a case of the file path being incorrect as renaming the Smegui.tlb file causes the compiler to throw another error saying it cannot find the library. Smegui is from another application that this one depends on. I thought perhaps I was missing a dll but there is no such thing as Smegui.dll. All I know about .tlb files is that they are a type library and you can create them from an assembly using tlbexp.exe or regasm.exe (the later also registers the assembly with COM) There is also an Apache Ant build script which uses a custom task to invoke devenv.com to build the projects. This is the same script that the build server originally used to build the application. It gives me the same errors when I try and run it. The strangest thing about this is that I knew it ought to work seeing as it is all freshly checked out from subversion. I tried many different combinations of admin vs user elevation, VS vs Ant build, cleaning, release. I have got it to build successfully about 5 times but the build seems to be non-deterministic. If anyone can shed some light on how this tlb stuff even works or what this error might mean I would greatly appreciate it. Cheers, Steiny

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• How does one get UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM() to work with iPhone OS SDK < 3.2

  - by drootang

  Apple advises using the following code to detect whether running on an iPad or iPhone/iPod Touch: if (UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM() == UIUserInterfaceIdiomPad) { // The device is an iPad running iPhone 3.2 or later. // [for example, load appropriate iPad nib file] } else { // The device is an iPhone or iPod touch. // [for example, load appropriate iPhone nib file] } The problem is that UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM() and UIUserInterfaceIdiomPad are NOT defined in the SDKs priory to 3.2. This seems to completely defeat the purpose of such a function. They can only be compiled and run on iPhone OS 3.2 (iPhone OS 3.2 can only be run on iPad). So if you can use UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM(), the result will always be to indicate an iPad. If you include this code and target OS 3.1.3 (the most recent iPhone/iPod Touch OS) in order to test your iPhone-bound universal app code, you will get compiler errors since the symbols are not defined in 3.1.3 or earlier. If this is the recommended-by-Apple approach to runtime device-detection, what am I doing wrong? Has anyone succeeded using this approach to device-detection?

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• Namespace not found in MVC 3 Razor view

  - by PlTaylor

  I am adding a PagedList to my view and loosely following this Tutorial. I have installed the PagedList reference using Nuget, set up my controller as follows public ViewResult Index(int page = 1) { List<Part> model = this.db.Parts.ToList(); const int pageSize = 20; return View(model.ToPagedList(page, pageSize)); } And written my view with the following model at the top @model PagedList.IPagedList<RIS.Models.Part> When I run the page I get the following error Compiler Error Message: CS0246: The type or namespace name 'PagedList' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Source Error: Line 27: Line 28: Line 29: public class _Page_Areas_Parts_Views_Part_Index_cshtml : System.Web.Mvc.WebViewPage<PagedList.IPagedList<RIS.Models.Part>> { The PagedList dll is being properly loaded in my controller because when I take it out of my view everything works as expected. The CopyLocal property is set to 'True' and I have tried including the namespace in the Views\Web.Config in my specific Area. What else can I do to make the View see the Namespace?

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• Deploy ASP.NET MVC 2 to IIS 7.5 targeting .NET 3.5

  - by Agent_9191

  I created an ASP.NET MVC 2 application in Visual Studio 2008. I set the release build to go through the ASP.NET compiler to precompile all the views, minify Javascript and CSS, clean up the web.config, etc. Since the production deployment is going to an IIS6 server, I set up my pseudo-production deployment on my Windows 7 machine to have the application pool run in classic mode targeting the 2.0 runtime. I set up the extensionless handler in the web.config that's necessary and everything worked great. The problem came when I upgraded the solution to Visual Studio 2010. I'm still targeting the 3.5 framework, but now I'm using MSBuild 4.0 since that's what Visual Studio 2010 uses. Everything still compiles correctly because it runs fine under Cassini, but when I deploy it to the same location (same application pool, identity, etc) it now behaves differently. I still have the extensionless handler in the web.config, but now when I navigate to the root of the application it does directory browsing, and any routes that it had previously handled now come back as 404 errors being handled by the StaticFile handler in IIS. I'm at a loss for what changed and is causing the break. I have looked at this question, but I have already verified that all the prerequisite components are installed.

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• ASPNET MVC - Override Html.TextBoxFor(model.property) with a new helper with same signature?

  - by JK

  I want to override Html.TextBoxFor() with my own helper that has the exact same signature (but a different namespace of course) - is this possible, and if so, how? The reason for this is that I have 100+ views in an already existing app, and I want to change the behaviour of TextBoxFor so that it outputs a maxLength=n attribute if the property has a [StringLength(n)] annotation. The code for automatically outputting maxlength=n is in this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2386365/maxlength-attribute-of-a-text-box-from-the-dataannotations-stringlength-in-mvc2. But my question is not a duplicate - I am trying creating a more generic solution: where the DataAnnotaion flows into the html automatically without any need for additional code by the person writing the view. In the referenced question, you have to change every single Html.TexBoxFor to a Html.CustomTextBoxFor. I need to do it so that the existing TextBoxFor()'s do not need to be changed - hence creating a helper with the same signature: change the behaviour of the helper method, and all existing instances will just work without any changes (100+ views, at least 500 TextBoxFor()s - don't want to manually edit that). I tried this code: (And I need to repeat it for each overload of TextBoxFor, but once the root problem is solved, that will be trivial) namespace My.Helpers { public static class CustomTextBoxHelper { public static MvcHtmlString TextBoxFor<TModel, TProperty>(this HtmlHelper<TModel> htmlHelper, Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> expression, object htmlAttributes, bool includeLengthIfAnnotated) { // implementation here } } } But I am getting a compiler error in the view on Html.TextBoxFor(): "The call is ambiguous between the following methods or properties" (of course). Is there any way to do this? Is there an alternative approach that would allow me to change the behaviour of Html.TextBoxFor, so that the views that already use it do not need to be changed?

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• fatal error C1034: windows.h: no include path set

  - by nathan

  OS Windows Vista Ultimate trying to run a program called minimal.c when i type at command line C:\Users\nathan\Desktopcl minimal.c Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.762 for 80x86 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. minimal.c minimal.c(5) : fatal error C1034: windows.h: no include path set i have set all the paths: C:\Users\nathan\Desktoppath PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\bin;C:\Windows\system3 ;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files (x86)\ATI Technologies\AT .ACE\Core-Static;C:\Program Files\Intel\DMIX;c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft S L Server\100\Tools\Binn\;c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\100\DTS\Bi n\;C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1. .0_13\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Autodesk\Backburner\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Co mon Files\Autodesk Shared\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft DirectX SDK (March 009)\Include;C:\Users\nathan\Desktop\glut-3.7.6-bin\glut-3.7.6-bin;C:\Program F les (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsof Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\Include;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\Include\gl i have gone and made sure windows.h is in the directory im setting the path too. its in C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\Include. i have visual studio 2005 i have exhausted all possiblies any ideas

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• Exporting makefile from Eclipse CDT

  - by Alex Farber

  I have C++ project in the Ubuntu OS, Eclipse CDT. My final goal is to build the project binaries for FreeBSD OS. The first test. I create simple C++ CDT project with main.cpp file: cout << "OK" << endl; and build it. Then I open Terminal window in Release directory: alex@alex-linux:~/workspace/HelloWorld/Release$ ls HelloWorld main.d main.o makefile objects.mk sources.mk subdir.mk alex@alex-linux:~/workspace/HelloWorld/Release$ rm HelloWorld main.d main.o alex@alex-linux:~/workspace/HelloWorld/Release$ ls makefile objects.mk sources.mk subdir.mk alex@alex-linux:~/workspace/HelloWorld/Release$ make Building file: ../main.cpp Invoking: GCC C++ Compiler g++ -O3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"main.d" -MT"main.d" -o"main.o" "../main.cpp" Finished building: ../main.cpp Building target: HelloWorld Invoking: GCC C++ Linker g++ -o"HelloWorld" ./main.o Finished building target: HelloWorld alex@alex-linux:~/workspace/HelloWorld/Release$ ./HelloWorld OK alex@alex-linux:~/workspace/HelloWorld/Release$ So far, so good. Now I copy the whole project tree to FreeBSD and trying to build it: $ cd /home/alex/project $ ls main.cpp release $ cd release $ ls makefile objects.mk sources.mk subdir.mk $ make "makefile", line 5: Need an operator "makefile", line 10: Need an operator "makefile", line 11: Need an operator "makefile", line 12: Need an operator CDT-generated makefile doesn't work. This is makefile beginning: $ Automatically-generated file. Do not edit! -include ../makefile.init RM := rm -rf $ All of the sources participating in the build are defined here -include sources.mk -include subdir.mk -include objects.mk ... Line 5 is -include ../makefile.init. Really, there is no such file. But it works by some way on Ubuntu computer. What is the trick, how can I build this? BTW, manually written makefile works: all: g++ -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"main.d" -MT"main.d" -o"main.o" "../main.cpp" g++ -o"HelloWorld" ./main.o Note: $ in makefile is actually #, I replaced it because # creates formatting problems inside of stackoverflow pre block.

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• UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM() does not work with iPhone OS SDK < 3.2

  - by drootang

  Apple advises using the following code to detect whether running on an iPad or iPhone/iPod Touch: if (UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM() == UIUserInterfaceIdiomPad) { // The device is an iPad running iPhone 3.2 or later. // [for example, load appropriate iPad nib file] } else { // The device is an iPhone or iPod touch. // [for example, load appropriate iPhone nib file] } The problem is that UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM() and UIUserInterfaceIdiomPad are NOT defined in the SDKs priory to 3.2. This seems to completely defeat the purpose of such a function. They can only be compiled and run on iPhone OS 3.2 (iPhone OS 3.2 can only be run on iPad). So if you can use UI_USER_INTERFACE_IDIOM(), the result will always be to indicate an iPad. If you include this code and target OS 3.1.3 (the most recent iPhone/iPod Touch OS) in order to test your iPhone-bound universal app code, you will get compiler errors since the symbols are not defined in 3.1.3 or earlier. If this is the recommended-by-Apple approach to runtime device-detection, what am I doing wrong? Has anyone succeeded using this approach to device-detection?

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• java.lang.IllegalAccessException during Ant jwsc webservice build

  - by KevB

  Hi. I have a large application, part of which relies on a set of 3 webservices. I'm currently in the process of writing an Ant build script to build and package the application into an EAR file. When building the web sub-project for this application I use the <jwsc> task in Ant to compile the webservices. This causes an IllegalAccessException, as outlined in the stack trace below: [jwsc] warning: 'includeantruntime' was not set, defaulting to build.sysclasspath=last; set to false for repeatable builds [jwsc] JWS: processing module weboutput [jwsc] Parsing source files [jwsc] Parsing source files [jwsc] 3 JWS files being processed for module weboutput [jwsc] JWS: C:\dev\ir\irWeb\src\webservices\DailyRun.java Validated. [jwsc] JWS: C:\dev\ir\irWeb\src\webservices\PendingRegistrationsSweep.java Validated. [jwsc] JWS: C:\dev\ir\irWeb\src\webservices\RegistrationsGoLive.java Validated. [jwsc] Compiling 6 source files to C:\DOCUME~1\KEVIN~1.BRE\LOCALS~1\Temp\_5l950r [jwsc] An exception has occurred in the compiler (1.6.0_23). Please file a bug at the Java Developer Connection (http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport) after checking the Bug Parade for duplicates. Include your program and the following diagnostic in your report. Thank you. [jwsc] java.lang.IllegalAccessError: tried to access class com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader$AnnotationDefaultCompleter from class com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.attachAnnotationDefault(ClassReader.java:1128) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.readMemberAttr(ClassReader.java:906) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.readMemberAttrs(ClassReader.java:1027) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.readMethod(ClassReader.java:1490) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.readClass(ClassReader.java:1586) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.readClassFile(ClassReader.java:1658) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.fillIn(ClassReader.java:1845) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.complete(ClassReader.java:1777) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol.complete(Symbol.java:386) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol$ClassSymbol.complete(Symbol.java:763) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ClassReader.loadClass(ClassReader.java:1951) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Resolve.loadClass(Resolve.java:842) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Resolve.findIdentInPackage(Resolve.java:1011) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Attr.selectSym(Attr.java:1921) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Attr.visitSelect(Attr.java:1835) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree$JCFieldAccess.accept(JCTree.java:1522) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Attr.attribTree(Attr.java:360) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Attr.attribType(Attr.java:390) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.MemberEnter.attribImportType(MemberEnter.java:681) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.MemberEnter.visitImport(MemberEnter.java:545) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree$JCImport.accept(JCTree.java:495) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.MemberEnter.memberEnter(MemberEnter.java:387) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.MemberEnter.memberEnter(MemberEnter.java:399) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.MemberEnter.visitTopLevel(MemberEnter.java:512) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree$JCCompilationUnit.accept(JCTree.java:446) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.MemberEnter.memberEnter(MemberEnter.java:387) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.MemberEnter.complete(MemberEnter.java:819) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol.complete(Symbol.java:386) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol$ClassSymbol.complete(Symbol.java:763) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Enter.complete(Enter.java:464) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.comp.Enter.main(Enter.java:442) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.main.JavaCompiler.enterTrees(JavaCompiler.java:819) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.main.JavaCompiler.compile(JavaCompiler.java:727) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:353) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:279) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:270) [jwsc] at com.sun.tools.javac.Main.compile(Main.java:69) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.compilers.Javac13.execute(Javac13.java:56) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.compile(Javac.java:1097) [jwsc] at weblogic.wsee.tools.anttasks.DelegatingJavacTask$ExposingJavac.compile(DelegatingJavacTask.java:343) [jwsc] at weblogic.wsee.tools.anttasks.DelegatingJavacTask.compile(DelegatingJavacTask.java:286) [jwsc] at weblogic.wsee.tools.anttasks.JwscTask.javac(JwscTask.java:335) [jwsc] at weblogic.wsee.tools.anttasks.JwsModule.compile(JwsModule.java:390) [jwsc] at weblogic.wsee.tools.anttasks.JwsModule.build(JwsModule.java:262) [jwsc] at weblogic.wsee.tools.anttasks.JwscTask.execute(JwscTask.java:227) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1397) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.SingleCheckExecutor.executeTargets(SingleCheckExecutor.java:38) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1249) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Ant.execute(Ant.java:442) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.CallTarget.execute(CallTarget.java:105) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1397) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1366) [jwsc] at com.bea.workshop.cmdline.antlib.AntExTask.execute(AntExTask.java:406) [jwsc] at com.bea.workshop.cmdline.antlib.AntCallExTask.execute(AntCallExTask.java:118) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1397) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1366) [jwsc] at com.bea.workshop.cmdline.antlib.AntExTask.execute(AntExTask.java:406) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Sequential.execute(Sequential.java:68) [jwsc] at net.sf.antcontrib.logic.IfTask.execute(IfTask.java:217) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor44.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.TaskAdapter.execute(TaskAdapter.java:154) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Sequential.execute(Sequential.java:68) [jwsc] at net.sf.antcontrib.logic.IfTask.execute(IfTask.java:197) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor44.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.TaskAdapter.execute(TaskAdapter.java:154) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Sequential.execute(Sequential.java:68) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.MacroInstance.execute(MacroInstance.java:398) [jwsc] at net.sf.antcontrib.logic.ForTask.doSequentialIteration(ForTask.java:259) [jwsc] at net.sf.antcontrib.logic.ForTask.doToken(ForTask.java:268) [jwsc] at net.sf.antcontrib.logic.ForTask.doTheTasks(ForTask.java:299) [jwsc] at net.sf.antcontrib.logic.ForTask.execute(ForTask.java:244) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Sequential.execute(Sequential.java:68) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.MacroInstance.execute(MacroInstance.java:398) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1397) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.SingleCheckExecutor.executeTargets(SingleCheckExecutor.java:38) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1249) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Ant.execute(Ant.java:442) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.CallTarget.execute(CallTarget.java:105) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) [jwsc] at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) [jwsc] at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1397) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1366) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:41) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1249) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.runBuild(Main.java:801) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.startAnt(Main.java:218) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher.run(Launcher.java:280) [jwsc] at org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:109) [AntUtil.deleteDir] Deleting directory C:\DOCUME~1\KEVIN~1.BRE\LOCALS~1\Temp_5l950r The Ant target that uses the <jwsc> task is this: <target name="webservice.build" depends="init,generated.root.init"> <path id="jwsc.srcpath"> <path path="${java.sourcepath}" /> <pathelement path="build/assembly/.src" /> </path> <taskdef name="jwsc" classname="weblogic.wsee.tools.anttasks.JwscTask" > <classpath> <path refid="weblogic.jar.classpath" /> </classpath> </taskdef> <property name="jwsc.module.root" value="${project.dir}/build/weboutput"/> <property name="jwsc.contextpath" value="irWeb"/> <property name="jwsc.srcpath.prop" refid="jwsc.srcpath"/> <path id="jwsc.classpath"> <path refid="weblogic.jar.classpath" /> <path refid="java.classpath" /> <pathelement path="${java.outpath}" /> </path> <jwsc destdir="${project.dir}/build" classpathref="jwsc.classpath"> <module name="weboutput" explode="true" contextPath="${jwsc.contextpath}" > <jwsFileSet srcdir="${webservices.dir}" type="JAXRPC"> <include name="**/*.java"/> </jwsFileSet> <descriptor file="${jwsc.module.root}/WEB-INF/web.xml" /> <descriptor file="${jwsc.module.root}/WEB-INF/weblogic.xml" /> </module> </jwsc> </target> I have no idea what could be causing the compiler to throw this error at build time, and a day of google searching has turned up other instances of this error caused by different triggers, and solutions for those propblems didn't work for me. I also found a single report on the Oracle forums that seemed to be a carbon copy of this issue, but there were no replies. The application is written in Weblogic Workshop 10, runs on Weblogic Server 10.3, and uses Beehive / NetUI. Not sure if that would make a difference or not though. The build scripts were automatically generated by Weblogic Workshop, with some tweaks and fixes made to other aspects of the files by myself to fix other compatability issues. I am using Java 1.6.0_23 from Sun, and Ant 1.8.1 Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated.

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