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• Is there a way to create a consistent snapshot/SnapMirror across multiple volumes?

  - by Tomer Gabel

  We use a NetApp FAS 6-series filer with an application that spans multiple volumes. For backup purposes I would like to create a consistent snapshot that spans these volumes at the same point in time (or at least with an extremely low delta); additionally, we'd like to to use SnapMirror to replace the production environment to test volumes. The problem is in creating a consistent snapshot/SnapMirror, since these commands are not transactional and do not take multiple parameters. I tried scripting consecutive "snap create" or "snapmirror resync" commands via SSH, but there's always a 0.5-2 second difference between each snapshot. It's currently "good enough", but I'm seriously concerned about the consistency impact with increased load (we're currently in pre-production). Has anyone managed to create a consistent snapshot that spans several volumes? How did you pull it off?

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• %HOMEPATH% Posh-Git error in Powershell, in ConEmu on Windows 7 64-bit

  - by atwright

  I am always getting the following error in Posh-Git in Powershell, in ConEmu on Windows 7 64-bit: Resolve-Path : Cannot find path 'C:\wamp\www\MobileApps\Backbone\%HOMEPATH%' because it does not exist. At D:\Users\Andy\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\posh-git\GitUtils.ps1:265 char:13 + $home = Resolve-Path (Invoke-NullCoalescing $Env:HOME ~) + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (C:\wamp\www\Mob...bone\%HOMEPATH%:String) [Resolve-Path], ItemNotFoundException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ResolvePathComma nd Join-Path : Cannot bind argument to parameter 'Path' because it is null. At D:\Users\Andy\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\posh-git\GitUtils.ps1:266 char:29 + Resolve-Path (Join-Path $home ".ssh\$File") -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue 2> ... + ~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : InvalidData: (:) [Join-Path], ParameterBindingValidationExc eption + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterArgumentValidationErrorNullNotAllowed,Microsoft.Po werShell.Commands.JoinPathCommand Can anybody advise what might be wrong?

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• iproute2 premptive route creation, i think....

  - by Bryan Hunt

  Firstly: I know could do this the easy way with SSH but I want to learn how to route. I want to route packets back through the same tun0 interface from which they came into my system. I can do it for single routes. This works: sudo ip route add 74.52.23.120 metric 2 via 10.8.0.1 But i'd have to add them manually for each request that came down the pipe I've taken the blue pill and followed the http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.netfilter.html: Netfilter & iproute - marking packets tutorial But it's oriented towards redirecting OUTGOING packets based upon markers What I want is for a packet that comes in via tun0 not to be dropped which is what's happening right now, running scappy or suchlike to receive packets it doesn't seem to be receiving anything. Watching in wireshark I see the initial SYN packets coming in on the tun0 interface but that's as far as it gets without a static route as shown above. Am I nuts?

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• How to prevent unison syncronize file when file process uploading

  - by user134600

  I use CentOS 5.8 Final. My situation is I running unison with cron where script below : */1 * * * * /usr/bin/unison /dev/null 2&1 and default profile like below : root = /var/www root = ssh://web02.example.com//var/www auto=true batch=true confirmbigdel=true fastcheck=true group=true owner=true prefer=newer silent=true times=true So in every minutes will syncronized www folder . My problem are : I upload file with size bigger than 10 MB to www from client with user1 permission where www folder is user1 owner. file in processing uploading then unison running in that minute and suddenly file upload owner changed to root:root When I editing file in www folder then I save when unison running, file owner changed to root:root where should be user1:user1 Is there anyone know about this problem?

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• Simple one-way synchronisation of user password list between servers

  - by Renaud Bompuis

  Using a RedHat-derivative distro (CentOS), I'd like to keep the list of regular users (UID over 500), and group (and shadow files) pushed to a backup server. The sync is only one-way, from the main server to the backup server. I don't really want to have to deal with LDAP or NIS. All I need is a simple script that can be run nightly to keep the backup server updated. The main server can SSH into the backup system. Any suggestion? Edit: Thanks for the suggestions so far but I think I didn't make myself clear enough. I'm only looking at synchronising normal users whose UID is on or above 500. System/service users (with UID below 500) may be different on both system. So you can't just sync the whole files I'm afraid.

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• Apache security for multi-user development web server.

  - by mrmartinblue

  I've been searching and reading through documents all morning and understand that I need to use some combination of chown and probably 'jailing' to securely give programmers access to directories on my centos webserver. Here's the situation: I have an apache web server that has any number of virtual sites located in /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 etc.. I have different developers that need full access both ssh and vsFTP to only the site they are working on. What is the best way to create and maintain security in this scenario. My thought would be to create a new user for each coder, jail that user to the website directory they are allowed to work in, add their user to a group and set the webroot's owner to that group. Any thoughts? Good, bad, ugly? Thanks!

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• Improving server security [closed]

  - by Vicenç Gascó

  I've been developing webapps for a while ... and I always had a sysadmin which made the environment perfect to run my apps with no worries. But now I am starting a project on myself, and I need to set up a server, knowing near to nothing about it. All I need to do is just have a Linux, with a webserver (I usually used Apache), PHP and MySQL. I'll also need SSH, SSL to run https:// and FTP to transfer files. I know how to install almost everything (need advice about SSL) with Ubuntu Server, but I am concerned about the security topic ... say: firewall, open/closed ports, php security, etc ... Where can I found a good guide covering this topics? Everything else in the server... I don't need it, and I wanna know how to remove it, to avoid resources consumption. Final note: I'll be running the webapp at amazon-ec2 or rackspace cloud servers. Thanks in advance!!

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• CentOS: eth0 not starting on boot

  - by Cameron Aziz

  Whenever I reboot a CentOS Hyper-V VM, eth0 does not start automatically. All I need to do is perform ifup eth0 and all is fixed, but that isn't feasible from ssh! I am starting in runlevel 3. After I perform ifup eth0 on the console: [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:5D:2B:2B:07 inet addr:10.10.0.3 Bcast:10.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::215:5dff:fe2b:2b07/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:49 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4656 (4.5 KiB) TX bytes:6399 (6.2 KiB) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xa000 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=10.10.0.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=10.10.0.1 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep network network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

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• Start kippo on Ubuntu startup

  - by Cory Gagliardi

  I'm setting up a new Ubuntu 14.04 server and followed these instructions to install kippo (the SSH Honeypot). To run kippo, I do: su kippo ~/kippo/start.sh The contents of start.sh is simply: #!/bin/sh echo -n "Starting kippo in background..." authbind --deep twistd -y kippo.tac -l log/kippo.log --pidfile kippo.pid Which starts up a background process for kippo. What can I do to make this automatically run on startup? Do I need to add a script that calls this in /etc/init.d?

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• centos: su silently fails

  - by matteo

  On a CentOS server where I'm logged via SSH as root, I do: su otherusername where 'otherusername' is the user name of another user, which exists. It does nothing. After that, I'm still root. whoami returns root, any file I create belongs to root, that is, su just doesn't su. However it does not give any error message. If I try to su with an invalid user name it does give an error message. What am I missing??

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• Is there an apache module to slow down site scans?

  - by florin

  I am administering a few web servers. Each night, random hosts from the Internet are probing them for various vulnerabilities in php, phpadmin, horde, mysqladmin, etc. Is there a way (apache plugin?) to slow down the rate of attack? For SSH, I have a rate limiting rule on the firewall, which does not allow more than three connections per minute. But I don't want to rate limit all HTTP access, only the access that returns 404s. Is there such an apache module?

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• ScreenShare: command line and observe only.

  - by Shyam

  Hi, I have a wide TV screen that is attached to a Mac Mini. I am able to use this screen as a second screen using an application like ScreenRecycler. However, Sometimes I want to demonstrate what I am doing on my box on this TV screen. As this TV is attached to a Mac Mini, I want to have a screen sharing done reversed. As I know screen share can be done in observe mode and full screen, this would be more than sufficient. Because it would be pretty useless to run it continuously, I want it on demand. For this, I want to use SSH. So the only thing I would like to know is, how do I start screen sharing in from a Terminal Session. On Windows, I could start an application by using "start notepad.exe", I am looking for something similar. Eventually, I want to make this work on other boxes too. Thanks for your help!

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• How to document linux server configuration?

  - by Margaret Thorpe

  Hi, I have about 20 linux servers which I need to document the configuration of. I do not mean the detailed configuration of services, but rather user accounts, databases, databases accounts, ip addresses, physical location, SSH port etc. etc. I know all this data is stored in config files, but I want to centralize it all. I am considering just creating a spreadsheet to record this data, but was wondering if there is something better (perhaps a small php/mysql app) which would be more structured and complete than a hacked together spreadsheet. What do you use?

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• rsync bash script to backup specific directories nightly to remote server

  - by Janice Young

  Hello, I am looking for a rsync script that will backup specific directories from my home machine to a remote server nightly. So say: /home/me/Pictures to ssh -p 6587 [email protected]/Pictures. It would be nice if it can look for changes but im not worried so much about the changes aspect is having a script that runs at a certain time of night with cron or however. I have googled and found scripts but those scripts were specific to the operations of those creators. Any help would be happily accepted as the scripted part really throws me off. Thank you, Janice

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• Which filename encoding should I use to be compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux.

  - by jverdeyen

  I'm using a Linux server as fileshare. These files are accessed by Windows computers with a Samba server, accessed by Macs with a netatalk server (afpd) and also trough ssh an sftp for Windows, Macs and Linux system. It seems like some of these systems care about the use of characters in filenames and some don't.. There is a tool called 'convmv' to convert filenames from one to another, but which one should I use? Should I setup the Samba server for a defined file encoding? Same for netatalk?

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• How does the build quality of laptops compare?

  - by pgwillia

  I'm looking to replace my 5 year old laptop. I want my next laptop to endure at least this long. I typically have Thunderbird, Firefox, Eclipse Java IDE, Skype, a ssh session, and Apache Tomcat running. I'm currently running Karmic Ubuntu, but am agnostic about operating system and would move to Win 7 or OS X. I frequently travel with this computer. I also value battery longevity and power conservation (if possible). Above all I'm looking to minimize cost. I think the hardware that best meets my needs is an Intel i7 processor, 8 GB RAM, 100GB @7200 rpm or SSD hardrive, and about 15 inch monitor. These specs are met by most brands. Does anyone know specific pros/cons and build quality for Macbook Pro, Lenovo Thinkpad (W510 or T510), Sony's VPC-F1190, and ASUS G Series G73JH-X1 NoteBook? Are all i7 processors created equal? Do you have other suggestion that meet my needs?

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• Running Mathimatica-5 remotely

  - by oxinabox.ucc.asn.au

  Ok, I have Mathmatica 5 - a powerful CAS. I have a cheap netbook, wich not olny is too slow to run mathmatica on, I doubt it has the harddrive space. I do however have remote access to a number of very powerful computers, (most of wich run variose linuxes, but one of which is windows server 2008) Mostly over SSH but other protocols can be arraged for some, i'm sure. (I might even be able to remote desktop the windows server 2008) So I'ld like to install Mathmatica onto one of these machine and then run it remotely. Either from the command line via putty or via some other method. I glanced through the mathmatical documentaion and read soemthing about using some MathLink program, wich linkes the front end istalled on my computer to a remote kernal. Anyone have any expirience with this? I'm not sure if this belongs here or in SuperUser.

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• Why is scp not overwriting my destination file?

  - by Noli

  I'm trying to back up a file via the command scp /tmp/backup.tar.gz hostname:/home/user/backup.tar.gz When I run it, the scp progress bar shows up and it looks like its transferring the file, however when I log into the destination server to check the file, the timestamp and filesize haven't changed from the older version, so it looks like scp didn't overwrite the old file at all. It only sees to work when I manually delete the file from the destination server. I'm running ubuntu, and this is happening on two servers: one cygwin ssh, and one fedora core 3. Anyone have any idea why this is happening? I thought scp would ONLY overwrite existing files.. Thanks

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• ASP.NET, PostgreSQL, Mono, Ubuntu, Apache: Good idea?

  - by wreck_of_u

  I am a long-time Microsoft .NET developer. ASP.NET/MSSQL/IIS has been my bread & butter over the past 6 years. Now, I'm getting fond of the "lightweightness" of Ubuntu 10.xx server. I'm also loving SSH-ing it from my Windows 7 PC and installing apps using the awesome "apt-get" command. I've also been using HeidiSQL with MySQL now and loving it. It feels like Management Studio. However, i've read that PostgreSQL "may" be better than MySQL, and I did experience some MySQL overloads in my Moodle box (but this can be just a poor tweaking in my part). My question is, would it be a good idea to run this configuration? ASP.NET 4.0 PostgreSQL (the latest one I can apt-get!) Ubuntu 10.10 with Mono running on Apache Also, I assume I would be using Npgsql for Mono as my connector from ASP.NET to PostgreSQL?

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• username and password for rsync in script

  - by sims

  I'm creating a cron job to keep two dirs in sync. I'm using rsync. I'm running an rsync daemon. I read the manual and it says: RSYNC_PASSWORD Setting RSYNC_PASSWORD to the required password allows you to run authenticated rsync connections to an rsync daemon without user intervention. Note that this does not supply a password to a shell transport such as ssh. USER or LOGNAME The USER or LOGNAME environment variables are used to determine the default username sent to an rsync daemon. If neither is set, the username defaults to 'nobody' I have something like: #!/bin/bash USER=name RSYNC_PASSWORD=pass DEST="server::module" /usr/bin/rsync -rltvvv . $DEST I also tried exporting (dangerous, I know) USER and RSYNC_PASSWORD. I also tried with LOGNAME. Nothing works. Am I doing this correctly?

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• How to enter a bash script at the command line, but not process the script until the entire script h

  - by MHGL

  I am performing some interactive testing using HP's QuickTest Professional and Linux. I am connecting via SSH and feeding the BASH script lines directly into the command line. The problem I'm having is that the script executes as it is entered. I'm attempting to find a way that I can feed the script to the command line, but save execution until the entire script is complete. Anyone have any experience around doing this? I'll admit, it isn't the ideal way to perform this, but it's what I'm faced with at the moment. Any other suggestions are welcome. Thanks!

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• Perform action based on load avg

  - by sfx

  I'm running some web applications on an debian server and have to struggle with ddos attacks sometimes. It's eating up all my resources and I can't ssh anymore into the server. An idea was to drop all connections if the load avg is too high, so there are still resources for me and accept new connections if the load avg is low enough. Since this has to work under heavy load I'm afraid a cronjob wouldn't be fast enough or take too much resources. tl;dr: Is there a way to configure the behavior if the load avg is above a specific threshold?

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• Trying to script rsync using pam_exec

  - by Ricky-Rose

  I'm trying to write a bash script that will execute rsync when called by pam_exec. I've tried a couple different ways, and I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong. When I try to run the script at login by adding session optional pam_exec.so /usr/bin/local/sync.sh to my sshd file, it gives me an exit code of 12. if I log in and then manually run my script, it allows me to connect to the remote server, and it lists my files, but it doesn't actually sync anything. I have tried the code below using buth $USER and $PAM_USER. $PAM_USER doesn't work at all. #!/bin/sh rsync -azv -e ssh $USER@remote_server:/home/html/$USER/ /home/html/$USER

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• Resolving real IP address out of a dynamic dns address

  - by stavnir

  I recently opened a dynamic dns user (at no-ip for that matter..) for my own personal needs and especially for ssh-ing my computer whenever I need to, without knowing it's static IP. My questions are: Am I misusing the concept of dynamic dns? Are there more appropriate methods to do what I want to do? If not, how do I resolve my router's real ip address? Firefox somehow manages to do so, nslookup and other similar commands only resolve the ip of the ddns server (e.g. no-ip.org). Trying to figure this mystery with wireshark failed miserably ;)

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• Network access to VM only from host ...

  - by Jamie

  I'm trying to do some testing of Ubuntu 10.04 Beta 2 Server in a VMWare environment. The host is XP, and the VM software is VMPlayer. Problem is, I want to be able to see the VM from the network, not just from the host. I can SSH into the VM from the host, but from any other machine on the network I can't even get the VM to respond to a ping. Going the other way (from the VM out) isn't a problem at all. The VM software did an 'easy installer' so I'm not really sure what was going on with the networking. Suggestions?

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