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• How much memory will a Windows file-server be able to use effectively.

  - by Zoredache

  In the near future we will be moving our fileserver to a newer box that will be running Windows 2008R2. I want to know how much memory Windows will be able to use for a system that is just a file-server. In searching around I found an old document for Windows 2000 that mentions the maximum size of the file-system cache is 960MB. I suspect this limit no longer applies, but is there a new limit? The file server will be just a standard Windows fileserver. It will have 1TB of attached storage. The large majority of the of the files accessed during the day are just typical Office documents. There are 80-100 people usually using the fileserver during a typical day. This system will only be used as a file server, it doesn't have any other roles. In Windows 2008r2 is there any hard limits for the filesystem cache? What are they? The server we will be re-using for this purpose currently has 4GB of memory, but it can be maxed out at 16GB. Is there any value in doing this for a Windows file-server? Are there any performance counters can I look at on the existing 2003 fileserver that will tell me if adding more memory will be worthwhile.

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• MS SQL Server Firewall Ports

  - by mmacaulay

  Hi, I've recently found myself in the position of quickly deploying a production app on SQL Server 2008 (EXPRESS), and I've been having some issues with configuring firewall rules between our web server running the ASP.NET app and our database server. Everything that I can find on the internet claims that I should only need to have TCP ports 1433/1434 and UDP port 1434 accessible on the database server. However, we were unable to get connectivity going between the web app and the database with just those ports. With the help of one of the guys in our datacentre, we discovered that there was traffic also going to TCP port 2242 on the database server. After opening this port, everything worked, but we're not sure why. Later on, I had to reinstall SQL Server due to some disk space issues, and found that the problem had resurfaced - after another session with the packet sniffer, we discovered that this time traffic was going to TCP port 4541 on the database server. My question is, is there some configuration option that I'm missing in SQL server that's making it choose random ports? I'd like to have our firewall rules locked down as much as possible, and of course we'd like to avoid any future mysterious connectivity issues, especially once the app is live. Both servers are running Windows 2003 R2 X64.

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• How have I locked me out from my Ubuntu VPS?

  - by Sanoj

  I have a Ubuntu Server as VPS (OpenVZ), and yesterday I installed php-fpm, but I guess something went wrong with the installation. Because since then I cannot log in to my server over SSH with PuTTY or using WinSCP. The message I get when connecting is Network error: Connection timed out. Immediately after the installation I was not able to use emacs either, I had to re-install it with apt-get install emacs. I have tried with clearing the firewall and rebooting the server from my web-based "control panel", but it doesn't help. The commands I used for installation of the PHP-fpm was from Installing PHP 5.3, Nginx And PHP-fpm On Ubuntu/Debian. And I guess it has something to do with these commands: cd /tmp wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/k/krb5/libkrb53_1.6.dfsg.4~beta1-5ubuntu2_i386.deb wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu38_3.8-6ubuntu0.2_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i *.deb sudo echo "deb http://php53.dotdeb.org stable all" >> /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install php5-cli php5-common php5-suhosin sudo apt-get install php5-fpm php5-cgi The web-sites that are hosted from my server works fine. Anyone that have the same experience or know how this could happen? I guess that I have to re-install Ubuntu Server from my "control panel" now, but I would like to avoid this situation in the future. Finally, I have backup on everything so nothing is lost if I have to re-install the machine.

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• Creating basic, redundant gigE or IB storage network for Xen?

  - by StaringSkyward

  With only a modest budget, I want to move my 4 xen servers over to network storage -either NFS or iSCSI which will be determined based on how well it performs when we test it (we need good throughput and it must continue to work through link and switch failure tests). We may add another couple of xen servers at some point when this is done. I don't know much about the design and operation of storage networks, so would really appreciate some hints from those with experience. The budget is around $3,800 excluding the storage appliance. I am currently thinking these are my options to remain on budget: 1) Go for used infiniband hardware and aim for 10gb performance. 2) Stick with gig ethernet and buy some new switches (cisco or procurve) to create a storage-only ethernet LAN. Upgrade to 10gigE later but try to use hardware capable of it where possible to reduce upgrade costs. I have seen used, warrantied infiniband switches at reasonable prices (presumably because big companies are converging on 10gbit ethernet?) and the promise of cheap 10gb is attractive. I know nothing about IB, so here come the questions: Can I buy 2 x switches and have multiple HBAs in my xen and storage nodes to get redundancy and increased performance without complexity or expensive management software costs? If so, can you point me to some examples? Do NFS and iSCSI work just the same regardless? Is IB a sensible choice or could/should I use ethernet or FC on the same budget - I'm keen not to get boxed into a corner for future upgrades, however. For the storage I am likely to build a storage server using nexentastor with the intention that I can later add more disks, SSDs and add another server to provide a failover option at the storage level. An HP LeftHand starter SAN is also under consideration, too. Thanks in advance.

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• Migrating 10-15 Websites Running Linux, LAMP, RoR, WordPress

  - by Michael

  Task is to move 10-15 websites running Linux to new servers hosted by Amazon. These boxes are currently on dedicated servers. Some sites are running WordPress, some have custom CMS, and others might have RoR applications. Unfortunately, there is sparse documentation regarding each site and how services/files are dependent on each other which means there is a lot of detective work that needs to take place. My goal is to properly document each site, what makes them work, etc., so future admins have at least something to work with. Currently my strategy is to download each site so I have a backup of the files then scan through them looking for configuration files -- db connections, apache configs, etc. Then, create a nice spreadsheet with these findings and migrate these out to the new server. My question to ServerFault is this, are there things you would look out for? Easier ways to handle this task that I'm missing? Points will be awarded to answers that help with efficiency. Thanks in advance.

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• Hubs/switches taking out switches?

  - by Bart Silverstrim

  Here's the issue...we have a network with a lot of Cisco switches. Someone plugged in a hub on the network, and then we started seeing "weird" behavior; errors in communication between clients and servers, or network timeouts, dropping network connections, etc. It seemed that somehow that hub (or SOHO switch) was particularly freaking out our Cisco 3700 series switches. Disconnect that hub or netgear-type SOHO switch and things settled down again. We're in the process of trying to get a centralized logging server for SNMP and management, etc., to see if we can trap errors or narrow down when someone does this sort of thing without our knowledge because things seem to work, for the most part, without issue, we just get freaky oddball incidents on particular switches that don't seem to have any explanation until we find out someone decided to take matters into their own hands to expand available ports in their room. Without getting into procedure changes or locking down ports or "in our organization they'd be fired" answers, can someone explain why adding a small switch or hub, not necessarily a SOHO router (even a dumb hub apparently caused the 3700's to freak out) sending DHCP request out, will cause issues? The boss said it's because the Cisco's are getting confused because that rogue hub/switch is bridging multiple MAC's/IP's into one port on the Cisco switches and they just choke on that, but I thought their routing tables should be able to handle multiple machines coming into the port. Anyone see that behavior before and have a clearer explanation of what's happening? I'd like to know for future troubleshooting and better understanding that just waving my hand and saying "you just can't".

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• Will Intel be releasing anymore 6-core processors soon?

  - by jasondavis

  I am about to start buying parts every week for as long as it takes me to build the best PC I can build. I am looking at the Intel i7-920 processor right now because it is about 250$ and it is a quad-core processor based on the x58 chipset I believe. From what I have read so far, intel is coming out with some 6-core processors soon that will also use the x58 chipset and will allow me to use the same motherboard and memory/ram to upgrade to a 6-core. This sounds really good to me right now. I just read that the new 6-core processor. The Core i7-980X (extreme edition) was just released which is the first 6-core processor but it is supposed to be around $1,000 so I will probably just get the i7-920 for now and then upgrade to the 6-core version when the price goes down. The motherboard I am looking at getting the GIGABYTE GA-X58A-UD5 which is around $280 at newegg.com So that is my basic plan SO far. I have not purchased any parts yet. I am just wanting to ask if this sounds like a good idea or if I should wait longer if I am wanting to eventually have a 6-core processor. Does anyone know if Intel is planning on releasing any other 6-core processor in addition to the Core i7-980X in the near future? I just want to make sure I am buying the best setup for my money if I am going all out on it, thanks for any tips/advice.

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• Architecture for highly available MySQL with automatic failover in physically diverse locations

  - by Warner

  I have been researching high availability (HA) solutions for MySQL between data centers. For servers located in the same physical environment, I have preferred dual master with heartbeat (floating VIP) using an active passive approach. The heartbeat is over both a serial connection as well as an ethernet connection. Ultimately, my goal is to maintain this same level of availability but between data centers. I want to dynamically failover between both data centers without manual intervention and still maintain data integrity. There would be BGP on top. Web clusters in both locations, which would have the potential to route to the databases between both sides. If the Internet connection went down on site 1, clients would route through site 2, to the Web cluster, and then to the database in site 1 if the link between both sites is still up. With this scenario, due to the lack of physical link (serial) there is a more likely chance of split brain. If the WAN went down between both sites, the VIP would end up on both sites, where a variety of unpleasant scenarios could introduce desync. Another potential issue I see is difficulty scaling this infrastructure to a third data center in the future. The network layer is not a focus. The architecture is flexible at this stage. Again, my focus is a solution for maintaining data integrity as well as automatic failover with the MySQL databases. I would likely design the rest around this. Can you recommend a proven solution for MySQL HA between two physically diverse sites? Thank you for taking the time to read this. I look forward to reading your recommendations.

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• Surprising corruption and never-ending fsck after resizing a filesystem.

  - by Steve Kemp

  System in question has Debian Lenny installed, running a 2.65.27.38 kernel. System has 16Gb memory, and 8x1Tb drives running behind a 3Ware RAID card. The storage is managed via LVM. Short version: Running a KVM guest which had 1.7Tb storage allocated to it. The guest was reaching a full-disk. So we decided to resize the disk that it was running upon We're pretty familiar with LVM, and KVM, so we figured this would be a painless operation: Stop the KVM guest. Extend the size of the LVM partition: "lvextend -L+500Gb ..." Check the filesystem : "e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/..." Resize the filesystem: "resize2fs /dev/mapper/" Start the guest. The guest booted successfully, and running "df" showed the extra space, however a short time later the system decided to remount the filesystem read-only, without any explicit indication of error. Being paranoid we shut the guest down and ran the filesystem check again, given the new size of the filesystem we expected this to take a while, however it has now been running for 24 hours and there is no indication of how long it will take. Using strace I can see the fsck is "doing stuff", similarly running "vmstat 1" I can see that there are a lot of block input/output operations occurring. So now my question is threefold: Has anybody come across a similar situation? Generally we've done this kind of resize in the past with zero issues. What is the most likely cause? (3Ware card shows the RAID arrays of the backing stores as being A-OK, the host system hasn't rebooted and nothing in dmesg looks important/unusual) Ignoring brtfs + ext3 (not mature enough to trust) should we make our larger partitions in a different filesystem in the future to avoid either this corruption (whatever the cause) or reduce the fsck time? xfs seems like the obvious candidate?

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• Should I use Evernote or Org-mode for taking notes?

  - by tobeannounced

  I am looking for an app that will help me manage my notes, and after coming across Org-mode, I was wondering whether Org-mode's functionality is strong enough that it can remove the need for me to use another note taking app (because org is more of a task management app), such as Evernote. My wishes for a note taking app are: can be accessed offline in some form, eg through an iPhone app or desktop client Org-Mode and Evernote can both do this, however it seems like MobileOrg is more aimed at tasks, rather than notes? If this is the case, I probably would use Evernote in addition to MobileOrg. I can clip web content into easily for research Evernote has the browser extension, how is it with Org-Mode? I know I can use c-c c-l, but how suited is it really for taking notes on stuff I am browsing in Chrome/Firefox? has voice notes on the iPhone and computer too, if possible Org-Mode cannot do this on the iPhone, on the computer could I record audio externally and then link the files in? I can add notes too on my iPhone & computer while not connected to the internet both can do this. The types of notes I am likely to have include: howtos/things I have learnt, documentation on my setup/stuff, research on things I may do in the future, ideas, and task specific notes. I have thought about where I would want to access each of these notes and will post that here if you think it would help. So, is Org-mode strong enough in note-taking and the requirements I listed that I can avoid the need to use a separate tool for taking notes?

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• Warning for "Reallocated Event Count" S.M.A.R.T. attribute with a new/unused drive. How serious is t

  - by Developer Art

  I've just looked at the health status of my old 2,5 inch 500 Gb Fujitsu drive with a popular "HD Tune" utility. It shows a warning for the "Reallocated Event Count" property. How serious is that? The thing is that the drive is practically new. I pulled it out of a new laptop over a year ago and never used it since. Right now it only has 53 "Power On" hours which sounds about right since I only had it running a few evenings overnight before switching it for something more performant. Does this warning indicate that the drive is likely to fail some time in the future? I'm somewhat perplexed since the drive is effectively unused. What is more, I have arranged with somebody to buy off this drive since I don't really need. It is 12,5 mm thick (with 3 plates) meaning it doesn't fit into an external enclosure which makes it quite useless to me. Can I give away the drive without having it on my conscience or better cancel the deal? In other words, can the drive be used safely for years to come or better throw it away? I'm running a sector test now to see if there are any real problems. Will post the results as soon as they're available.

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• Which Linux distributions work on IBM's JS20 PowerPC blade?

  - by Matthew Rankin

  Which Linux distributions have people successfully gotten working on an IBM JS20 Blade, which has the PowerPC 970 processor? Specifically, I'm interested in distributions other than RHEL and SLES. What gotchas need to be watched out for when installing a particular distribution of Linux on the JS20? Non-Specific Distribution Information IBM's Linux on BladeCenter JS20 IBM's eServer BladeCenter JS20 Whitepaper — "The JS20 blade supports all popular Linux distributions including Red Hat®, Inc., and SUSE LINUX." PenguinPPC Distributions List PPCLinux — "This project is a repository of information on how to run GNU/Linux on PowerPC architectures." Ubuntu Specific Information Ubuntu PowerPC FAQ — "Ubuntu 6.10 was the last officially supported PowerPC version of Ubuntu." Ubuntu PowerPC Download Ubuntu 8.04 PowerPC Supported Hardware Ubuntu 9.10 Ports — Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC (POWER5) server install CD. For Apple Macintosh G3, G4, and G5 computers, including iBooks and PowerBooks as well as IBM OpenPower machines. Debian Specific Information Debian on PowerPC —"We may have a 64bit port in the future." Looks like there is only a 32-bit version available currently. Debian on JS20 blades Installing Debian Etch on IBM JS20s Gentoo Specific Information Gentoo Linux Crux PPC Specific Information Crux PPC

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• Changing default openVPN IP in linux server

  - by Lamboo

  The problem is that we have a public OpenVPN service. Pay €9.95 and you get an OpenVPN account at currently half a dozen of servers for a month. This means there are always and will always be some people who create a certain amount of abuse or trouble. On the long run, the external IP every OpenVPN user gets assigned is prohibited from editing Wikipedia, it might be banned by e-gold and on some popular webforums, one-click-hosters, etc. Not a pleasant experience for the 97% of our customers who use our service responsibly and legitimately to regain their privacy. So even if I could change the assigned external IP every few months; e. g. from 216.xx.xx.164 to 216.xx.xx.170, it would help us a lot to combat this abuse and to provide our paying clients with "fresh" IP addresses that aren't banned or restricted on some popular Internet sites and services, yet. Does anybody know how to change the first IP address assigned to the public interface in CentOS? So that e.g. OpenVPN in future doesn't give our OpenVPN clients the external IP 123.xx.xx.164 but rather 123.xx.xx.170?

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• GRE Tunnel over IPsec with Loopback

  - by Alek

  Hello, I'm having a really hard time trying to estabilish a VPN connection using a GRE over IPsec tunnel. The problem is that it involves some sort of "loopback" connection which I don't understand -- let alone be able to configure --, and the only help I could find is related to configuring Cisco routers. My network is composed of a router and a single host running Debian Linux. My task is to create a GRE tunnel over an IPsec infrastructure, which is particularly intended to route multicast traffic between my network, which I am allowed to configure, and a remote network, for which I only bear a form containing some setup information (IP addresses and phase information for IPsec). For now it suffices to estabilish a communication between this single host and the remote network, but in the future it will be desirable for the traffic to be routed to other machines on my network. As I said this GRE tunnel involves a "loopback" connection which I have no idea of how to configure. From my previous understanding, a loopback connection is simply a local pseudo-device used mostly for testing purposes, but in this context it might be something more specific that I do not have the knowledge of. I have managed to properly estabilish the IPsec communication using racoon and ipsec-tools, and I believe I'm familiar with the creation of tunnels and addition of addresses to interfaces using ip, so the focus is on the GRE step. The worst part is that the remote peers do not respond to ping requests and the debugging of the general setup is very difficult due to the encrypted nature of the traffic. There are two pairs of IP addresses involved: one pair for the GRE tunnel peer-to-peer connection and one pair for the "loopback" part. There is also an IP range involved, which is supposed to be the final IP addresses for the hosts inside the VPN. My question is: how (or if) can this setup be done? Do I need some special software or another daemon, or does the Linux kernel handle every aspect of the GRE/IPsec tunneling? Please inform me if any extra information could be useful. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Cannot get Windows snipping tool to auto run with AutoHotKey

  - by jasondavis

  I am trying to get Windows 7 sniping tool to run when I hit my PRINTSCREEN keyboard button with AUTOHOTKEY. I have been unsuccessful so far though. Here is what I have for the AutoHotKey script. I have tried this PRINTSCREEN::Run, c:\windows\system32\SnippingTool.exe and this PRINTSCREEN::Run, SnippingTool.exe and this PRINTSCREEN::Run, SnippingTool And all those give me this error when I hit the PRINTSCREEN button... It basicly says it cannot find the file, however the file path seems to be correct, I can copy paste it into a window and it opens the snipping tool, any ideas why it will not work? Here is the full code to my AHK file... ; ; AutoHotkey Version: 1.x ; Language: English ; Platform: Win7 ; Author: Jason Davis <friendproject@> ; ; Script Function: ; Template script (you can customize this template by editing "ShellNew\Template.ahk" in your Windows folder) ; #NoEnv ; Recommended for performance and compatibility with future AutoHotkey releases. SendMode Input ; Recommended for new scripts due to its superior speed and reliability. SetWorkingDir %A_ScriptDir% ; Ensures a consistent starting directory. /* PRINTSCREEN = Will run Windows 7 snipping tool */ PRINTSCREEN::Run, c:\windows\system32\SnippingTool.exe return

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• How can I find files added to the system within X minutes of a specific time?

  - by Jack W-H

  I have done a fresh install of Mac OS X Mountain Lion today on a new MacBook. Because this was a new install, when I finally got round to configuring some of my own developer things, I was surprised to find some app had installed a binary into /usr/local/bin - a single binary called galileod. Interestingly, I can't find anything online about galileod. I had only installed the bare minimum of software at this point. Looking in the file columns I can see Date Modified was 9th November 2012, but Date Added to the system was today at 17:01. It's now 10:20PM and I can't remember which software I was installing at that point. So how do I find out which other files were installed to the system within, say, 5 minutes either side of 17:01? EDIT: I found out what galileod was by running galileod --help - it is a binary used with Fitbit to communicate with the USB dongle. So that's the mystery solved - but it would still be interesting to know how to find files added within X minutes of a timeframe for future reference.

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• What do I need to consider when buying hardware to meet my needs?

  - by Darth Android

  I'm looking to build a new computer from the ground up. I'm not sure what to look out for and need guidance and help on how to pick the hardware needed to construct my new rig. How do I know what to buy? How do I find out if a given CPU will be enough for a certain game or application that I want to run? How do I find out if a given graphics card will be enough for a certain game or application? What is important when looking at motherboards? How much memory do I need? How do I know how much wattage I need for a power supply? What size case do I need? What relevant standards do I need to read up on and be aware of? PCI, PCIe, SATA, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, etc... What "gotchas" do I need to be on the lookout for? Please keep responses generation-agnostic to ensure they will be helpful to our future users. While Stack Exchange does not permit shopping recommendations, it doesn't provide any general advice to consider when buying hardware. So, instead of just telling those that ask what to buy that it's not allowed, let's tell them how to figure out what they need. This question was Super User Question of the Week #20 Read the June 20, 2011 blog entry for more details or submit your own Question of the Week.

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• Active Directory Child Domain Replication Problems

  - by MikeR

  Hi, I've recently inherited an Active Directory (all DCs Windows 2003) which has been configured with several child domains that are used as test environments for out CRM software. Two of these child domains have been used for testing using dates in the future (2015), throwing them well outside of the Kerberos tolerance for time, and they're flooding my event logs with replication errors such as the following: Description: The attempt to establish a replication link for the following writable directory partition failed. Directory partition: CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=com Source domain controller: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=TESTDC001,CN=Servers,CN=SiteName,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=com Source domain controller address: 38e95b2a-35af-4174-84ba-9ab039528cce._msdcs.ad.xxxxxxx.com Intersite transport (if any): This domain controller will be unable to replicate with the source domain controller until this problem is corrected. User Action Verify if the source domain controller is accessible or network connectivity is available. Additional Data Error value: 5 Access is denied. I'd also like to upgrade to Windows 2008 at some point, but wouldn't want to attempt any schema updates while I'm not 100% confident on the replication. I'm guessing my only real solution will be to get rid of these child domains. The child domains are operating as stand alone domains, the DC is up and running and authenticating test users fine. I'm guessing the best solution to this would be to delete the domains (although I'd be happily told otherwise). The clock forwarding appears to have been happening for several years, so I'm assuming I can't just put the clock right (I'm guessing scope for this would be 180days, the same as the tombstone lifetime) With the replication errors would I be able to dcpromo the child domains DC, select it as the last domain controller in the domain and the child domain would be deleted? Or would I be better off treating the domain as an orphaned domain and use Microsoft's instructions to clear up as such. Any advice would be much appreciated.

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• Managing multiple Apache proxies simultaneously (mod_proxy_balancer)

  - by Hank

  The frontend of my web application is formed by currently two Apache reverse proxies, using mod_proxy_balancer to distribute traffic over a number of backend application servers. Both frontend reverse proxies, running on separate hosts, are accessible from the internet. DNS round robin distributes traffic over both. In the future, the number of reverse proxies is likely to grow, since the webapplication is very bandwidth-heavy. My question is: how do I keep the state of both reverse balancers / proxies in sync? For example, for maintenance purposes, I might want to reduce the load on one of the backend appservers. Currently I can do that by accessing the Balancer-Manager web form on each proxy, and change the distribution rules. But I have to do that on each proxy manually and make sure I enter the same stuff. Is it possible to "link" multiple instances of mod_proxy_balancer? Or is there a tool out there that connects to a number of instances, and updates all with the same information? Update: The tool should retrieve the runtime status and make runtime changes, just like the existing Balancer-Manager, only for a number of proxies - not just for one. Modification of configuration files is not what I'm interested in (as there are plenty tools for that).

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• How to tell which process is hogging my CPU when they don't add up to 100%?

  - by endolith

  Ubuntu's System Monitor applet shows 100% CPU usage continuously. If I click it, the resources tab shows it at 100% continuously, too. If I go to processes, though, to find out which process is the culprit, there is nothing above 10%. If I run top there is nothing above 10%. The individual processes do not add up to 100%. I try killing lots of processes, but the overall usage continues to be 100%. How can I find out what's hogging the CPU? This is an unusual situation on a computer I use daily, which is never anywhere near 100% CPU unless I'm doing something that requires it (like loading 32 Firefox tabs), after which it goes back to a normal idle level. It's not a new install or anything. There is no reason the processor should be maxed out. I'm not sure when it started or if I changed something that caused it to happen. Normally I would use top or System Monitor and find the process that had gone out of control, but I can't find anything with those tools this time. It persists after reboots and everything. And the processor is obviously hot, so it's not an erroneous reading. Update: I tried killing every process, one at a time, until the problem went away, and killing vino-server finally fixed it, even though that process never went above 5%. I had enabled Remote Desktop a few days ago (and have obviously now disabled it). But the question remains: How did a single process manage to use 100% CPU while top only showed that process at 5%? How do I identify culprits like this in the future? Looks like I'm not the only one who's had this problem: Still a problem in both jaunty & karmic. Interestingly, both System Monitor & htop do not show the sum of individual processes being anywhere near 100% cpu.

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• Performance associated with storing millions of files on NTFS

  - by Tim Brigham

  Does anyone have a method / formula, etc that I could use - hopefully based on both current and projected numbers of files - to project the 'right' length of the split and the number of nested folders? Please note that although similar it isn't quite the same as Storing a million images in the filesystem. I'm looking for a way to help make the theories outlined more generic. Assumptions I have 'some' initial number of files. This number would be arbitrary but large. Say 500k to 10m+. I have considered the underlying physical hardware disk IO requirements that would be necessary to support such an endeavor. Put another way As time progresses this store will grow. I want to have the best balance of current performance and as my needs increase. Say I double or triple my storage. I need to be able to address both current needs and projected future growth. I need to both plan ahead and not sacrifice too much of current performance. What I've come up with I'm already thinking about using a hash split every so many characters to split things out across multiple directories and keeping the trees even, very similar as outlined in the comments in the question above. It also avoids duplicate files, which would be critical over time. I'm sure that the initial folder structure would be different based on what I've outlined, and depending on the initial scale. As far as I can figure there isn't a one size fits all solution here. It would be horrendously time intensive to work something out experimentally.

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• Measure Total Bandwidth for Billing

  - by TonyZ

  I am setting up a new network which customers will host their applications on. It needs to be able to scale out to a few hundred servers and each server will have several VMs on it. Right now in my test environment, after the telco router, we are using a Linux router/firewall which is then connected to a Layer 2 switch. Could be a layer 3 in the future. I need to track total bandwidth per VM for each machine, and I need to do it in a way that it is not part of the VM. Each VM will have a private class ip address which is Natted by the gateway, or we may eventually run more than firewall/reverse proxy off a layer 3 switch. So my thinking is that I can do it off of a promiscuous port on the switches, or at the gateway firewall. I would like to have an out of the box solution, preferably open source. Does anyone have suggestions on the easiest way to set this up, and the easiest tool to use. I have looked at the web sites for Nagios, Zenoss, Zabbix, ntops on the firewall, etc. It is hard to ascertain just from the web sites if they do exactly this or not. Obviously, performance is also somewhat key here. Anything running on the gateway should not drag it down doing traffic accounting. Thanks for any thoughts. Tony Zakula

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• Debian - Secure system from current administrator

  - by netadmin

  Hello, I am the Network and Systems Administrator in an organization of just under 500 users. We have a number of Windows Servers, and that is certainly my area of expertise. We also have a very small handful of Debian servers. We are about to terminate the sysadmin of these Debian systems. Short of powering down the systems, I would like to know how I can ensure that the previous admin does not have control of these systems in the future, at least until we hire a replacement linux sysadmin. I have physical/virtual-console access to each of the systems, so I can reboot them in various user-modes. I just don't know what to do. Please assume that I do not currently have root access to all of these systems (an oversight on my part that I now recognize.) I have some experience in Linux, and use it on my desktop on a daily basis, but I must admit that I am a competent user of linux, not a systems admin. I have no fear of the command line however.... Is there a list of steps that one should take to "secure" a system from somebody else? Again, I assure you that this is legit, I am re-taking control of my employer's systems, at the request of my employer. I hope to not have to shut the systems down permanently and still be reasonably certain that they are secure. Thanks for your time.

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• How can I recover a Fedora 12 installation that is showing signs of disk errors?

  - by Bob Cross

  I am currently overseas (i.e., very far from my normal library of tools) and my primary machine that would normally act as the data server in the performance test that we're trying to run is failing to boot to Fedora 12 properly. This is a machine that, as of yesterday, was booting fine. However, this morning, very strange portions of the boot process were complaining with messages such as "unexpected 0x0 in rpcbind" and "bad file descriptor" (I don't have the error in front of me - scavenged a windows installation to get onto serverfault). Eventually, the boot hung for a long time at the NFS service and then brought up what looked like the KDE login screen but neither the mouse nor keyboard functioned. In olden days, I would try to get to a point where I could manage to run fsck and pray that the bad sectors would come back into alignment just long enough for me to scrape the critical data off of the machine. However, now that we live in the future, it seems like our options in situations like this should be a little more varied. Is there a way to recover a Fedora 12 installation with bad disk sectors that won't boot properly? For completeness, I am comfortable working with bootable recovery distros-on-CD and such but I don't know which one is likely to work best with modern Fedora. In the absence of guidance, I'm frantically torrenting the Fedora 12 Live CD and DVD, hoping to try rescue mode before tomorrow morning.

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• JSP Content Issue in Tomcat

  - by gautam vegeta

  There is one application where I work where there are still manual builds used i.e manually moving the servlet classes and jsp files from Dev to QA and finally to Prod. This is the method used in this application which cant be changed for some wierd reasons.BTW this is not the problem. We did a manual build where we transferred jsp files from QA to PROD recently. And we noticed that the jsp file content does not correspond to the updated jsp's but have the same content to the jsp file which was present in the server prior to the deployment. We did not re-start tomcat since jsp files upon updation automatically changes its contents. This problem persisted even after 6 hours of deployment If we consider the time standards which are different which may cause some delay. So to fix this we had to individually go into every jsp file and just type something save it and delete this change and save it.Then it worked perfectly. But finally the jsp file content before and after was never changed we just did this to change the modification date. If we think in terms of timestamp problem how can this be possible coz the old jsp files which were present in the server prior to deployment was atlest one month old and the ones getting deployed were defenitely newer than that. Why did this happen? This did not happen when we did same type of deployments earlier. How can we prevent this from happening in the future.

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