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  • Python nested dict comprehension with sets

    - by Jasie
    Can someone explain how to do nested dict comprehensions? >> l = [set([1, 2, 3]), set([4, 5, 6])] >> j = dict((a, i) for a in s for i, s in enumerate(l)) >> NameError: name 's' is not defined I would have liked: >> j >> {1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1} I just asked a previous question about a simpler dict comprehension where the parentheses in the generator function were reduced. How come the s in the leftmost comprehension is not recognized?

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  • Creating a simple command line interface (CLI) using a python server (TCP sock) and few scripts

    - by VN44CA
    I have a Linux box and I want to be able to telnet into it (port 77557) and run few required commands without having to access to the whole Linux box. So, I have a server listening on that port, and echos the entered command on the screen. (for now) Telnet 192.168.1.100 77557 Trying 192.168.1.100... Connected to 192.168.1.100. Escape character is '^]'. hello<br /> You typed: "hello"<br /> NOW: I want to create lot of commands that each take some args and have error codes. Anyone has done this before? It would be great if I can have the server upon initialization go through each directory and execute the init.py file and in turn, the init.py file of each command call into a main template lib API (e.g. RegisterMe()) and register themselves with the server as function call backs. At least this is how I would do it in C/C++. But I want the best Pythonic way of doing this. /cmd/ /cmd/myreboot/ /cmd/myreboot/ini.py (note underscore don't show for some reason) /cmd/mylist/ /cmd/mylist/init.py ... etc IN: /cmd/myreboot/_ini_.py: from myMainCommand import RegisterMe RegisterMe(name="reboot",args=Arglist, usage="Use this to reboot the box", desc="blabla") So, repeating this creates a list of commands and when you enter the command in the telnet session, then the server goes through the list, matches the command and passed the args to that command and the command does the job and print the success or failure to stdout. Thx

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  • Python: Getting the attribute name that the created object will be given

    - by cool-RR
    Before I ask this, do note: I want this for debugging purposes. I know that this is going to be some bad black magic, but I want to use it just during debugging so I could identify my objects more easily. It's like this. I have some object from class A that creates a few B instances as attributes: class A(object): def __init__(self) self.vanilla_b = B() self.chocolate_b = B() class B(object): def __init__(self): # ... What I want is that in B.__init__, it will figure out the "vanilla_b" or whatever attribute name it was given, and then put that as the .name attribute to this specific B. Then in debugging when I see some B object floating around, I could know which one it is. Is there any way to do this?

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  • Object-oriented GUI development in python

    - by ptabatt
    Hey guys, new programmer here. I have an assignment for class and I'm stuck... What I need to do is a create a GUI that gives someone a basic arithmetic problem in one box, asks the person to answer it, evaluates it, and tells you if you're right or wrong... Basically, what I have is this: [code] class Lesson(Frame): def init (self, parent=None): Frame.init(self, parent) self.pack() Lesson.make_widgets(self) def make_widgets(self): Label(self, text="").pack(side=TOP) ent = Entry(self) self.a = randrange(1,10) self.b = randrange(1,10) self.expr = choice(["+","-"]) ent.insert(END, str(self.a) + str(self.expr) + str(self.a)) [/code] I've broken this down into many little steps and basically, what I'm trying to do right now is insert a default random expression into the first entry widget. When I run this code, I just get a blank Label. Why is that? How can I put a something like "7+7" into the box? If you absolutely need background to the problem, it's question #3 on this link. http://reed.cs.depaul.edu/lperkovic/csc242/homeworks/Homework8.html -Thanks for all help in advance.

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  • How to get unique numbers using randomint python?

    - by user2519572
    I am creating a 'Euromillions Lottery generator' just for fun and I keep getting the same numbers printing out. How can I make it so that I get random numbers and never get the same number popping up: from random import randint numbers = randint(1,50) stars = randint(1,11) print "Your lucky numbers are: ", numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers print "Your lucky stars are: " , stars, stars The output is just: >>> Your lucky numbers are: 41 41 41 41 41 >>> Your lucky stars are: 8 8 >>> Good bye! How can I fix this? Regards

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  • Django/Python: Save an HTML table to Excel

    - by kchau
    I have an HTML table that I'd like to be able to export to an Excel file. I already have an option to export the table into an IQY file, but I'd prefer something that didn't allow the user to refresh the data via Excel. I just want a feature that takes a snapshot of the table at the time the user clicks the link/button. I'd prefer it if the feature was a link/button on the HTML page that allows the user to save the query results displayed in the table. Is there a way to do this at all? Or, something I can modify with the IQY? I can try to provide more details if needed. Thanks in advance.

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  • Python: Access dictionary value inside of tuple and sort quickly by dict value

    - by Aquat33nfan
    I know that wasn't clear. Here's what I'm doing specifically. I have my list of dictionaries here: dict = [{int=0, value=A}, {int=1, value=B}, ... n] and I want to take them in combinations, so I used itertools and it gave me a tuple (Well, okay it gave me a memory object that I then used enumerate on so I could loop over it and enumerate gave ma tuple): for (index, tuple) in enumerate(combinations(dict, 2)): and this is where I have my problem. I want to identify which of the two items in the combination has the bigger 'int' value and which has the smaller value and assign them to variables (I'm actually using more than 2 in the combination so I can't just say if tuple[0]['int'] tuple[1]['int'] and do the assignment because I'd have to list this out a bunch of times and that's hard to manage). I was going to assign each 'int' value to a variable, sort it in a list, index the 'int' value in the list by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... etc., then go back and access the dictionary I wanted by the int value and then assign the dictionary to a variable so I knew which was bigger. But I have a big list and lists and variable assignments are resource intensive and this is taking a long time (I had only a little bit of that written and it was taking forever to run). So I was hoping someone knew a fast way to do this. I actually could list out every possible combination of assignmnets using the if/thens but it's just like 5 pages of if/thens and assignments and is hard to read and manage when I want to change it. You've probably gathered this, but I"m new at programming. thx

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  • intersection of three sets in python?

    - by Phil Brown
    Currently I am stuck trying to find the intersection of three sets. Now these sets are really lists that I am converting into sets, and then trying to find the intersection of. Here's what I have so far: for list1 in masterlist: list1=thingList1 for list2 in masterlist: list2=thingList2 for list3 in masterlist: list3=thingList3 d3=[set(thingList1), set(thingList2), set(thingList3)] setmatches c= set.intersection(*map(set,d3)) print setmatches and I'm getting set([]) Script terminated. I know there's a much simpler and better way to do this, but I can't find one...

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  • Python evaluation order

    - by d.m
    Here's the code, I don't quite understand, how does it work. Could anyone tell, is that an expected behavior? $ipython In [1]: 1 in [1] == True Out[1]: False In [2]: (1 in [1]) == True Out[2]: True In [3]: 1 in ([1] == True) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/dmedvinsky/projects/condo/condo/<ipython console> in <module>() TypeError: argument of type 'bool' is not iterable In [4]: from sys import version_info In [5]: version_info Out[5]: (2, 6, 4, 'final', 0)

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  • Working with multiple input and output files in Python

    - by Morlock
    I need to open multiple files (2 input and 2 output files), do complex manipulations on the lines from input files and then append results at the end of 2 output files. I am currently using the following approach: in_1 = open(input_1) in_2 = open(input_2) out_1 = open(output_1, "w") out_2 = open(output_2, "w") # Read one line from each 'in_' file # Do many operations on the DNA sequences included in the input files # Append one line to each 'out_' file in_1.close() in_2.close() out_1.close() out_2.close() The files are huge (each potentially approaching 1Go, that is why I am reading through these input files one at a time. I am guessing that this is not a very Pythonic way to do things. :) Would using the following form good? with open("file1") as f1: with open("file2") as f2: # etc. If yes, could I do it while avoiding the highly indented code that would result? Thanks for the insights!

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  • Writing white space to CSV fields in Python?

    - by matt
    When I try to write a field that includes whitespace in it, it gets split into multiple fields on the space. What's causing this? It's driving me insane. Thanks data = open("file.csv", "wb") w = csv.writer(data) w.writerow(['word1', 'word2']) w.writerow(['word 1', 'word2']) data.close() I'll get 2 fields(word1,word2) for first example and 3(word,1,word2) for the second.

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  • python threading and performace?

    - by kumar
    I had to do heavy I/o bound operation, i.e Parsing large files and converting from one format to other format. Initially I used to do it serially, i.e parsing one after another..! Performance was very poor ( it used take 90+ seconds). So I decided to use threading to improve the performance. I created one thread for each file. ( 4 threads) for file in file_list: t=threading.Thread(target = self.convertfile,args = file) t.start() ts.append(t) for t in ts: t.join() But for my astonishment, there is no performance improvement whatsoever. Now also it takes around 90+ seconds to complete the task. As this is I/o bound operation , I had expected to improve the performance. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Python imports by folder module

    - by colinmarc
    I have a directory structure: example.py templates/ __init__.py a.py b.py a.py and b.py have only one class, named the same as the file (because they are cheetah templates). For purely style reasons, I want to be able to import and use these classes in example.py like so: import templates t = templates.a() Right now I do that by having this in the template folder's __init__.py: __all__ = ["a", "b"] from . import * However, this seems pretty poor (and maybe superfluous), and doesn't even do what I want, as I have to use the classes like this: t = templates.a.a() Thoughts?

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  • Python/Biomolecular Physics- Trying to code a simple stochastic simulation of a system exhibiting co

    - by user359597
    *edited 6/17/10 I'm trying to understand how to improve my code (make it more pythonic). Also, I'm interested in writing more intuitive 'conditionals' that would describe scenarios that are commonplace in biochemistry. The conditional criteria in the below program is explained in Answer #2, but I am not satisfied with it- it is correct, but isn't obvious and isn't easy to implement for more complicated conditional scenarios. Ideas welcome. Comments/criticisms welcome. First posting experience @ stackoverflow- please comment on etiquette if needed. The code generates a list of values that are the solution to the following exercise: "In a programming language of your choice, implement Gillespie’s First Reaction Algorithm to study the temporal behaviour of the reaction A---B in which the transition from A to B can only take place if another compound, C, is present, and where C dynamically interconverts with D, as modelled in the Petri-net below. Assume that there are 100 molecules of A, 1 of C, and no B or D present at the start of the reaction. Set kAB to 0.1 s-1 and both kCD and kDC to 1.0 s-1. Simulate the behaviour of the system over 100 s." def sim(): # Set the rate constants for all transitions kAB = 0.1 kCD = 1.0 kDC = 1.0 # Set up the initial state A = 100 B = 0 C = 1 D = 0 # Set the start and end times t = 0.0 tEnd = 100.0 print "Time\t", "Transition\t", "A\t", "B\t", "C\t", "D" # Compute the first interval transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) # Loop until the end time is exceded or no transition can fire any more while t <= tEnd and transition >= 0: print t, '\t', transition, '\t', A, '\t', B, '\t', C, '\t', D t += interval if transition == 0: A -= 1 B += 1 if transition == 1: C -= 1 D += 1 if transition == 2: C += 1 D -= 1 transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) def transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC): """ Returns nTransition, the number of the firing transition (0: A->B, 1: C->D, 2: D->C), and interval, the interval between the time of the previous transition and that of the current one. """ RAB = kAB * A * C RCD = kCD * C RDC = kDC * D dt = [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0] if RAB > 0.0: dt[0] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RAB if RCD > 0.0: dt[1] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RCD if RDC > 0.0: dt[2] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RDC interval = 1e36 transition = -1 for n in range(len(dt)): if dt[n] > 0.0 and dt[n] < interval: interval = dt[n] transition = n return transition, interval if __name__ == '__main__': sim()

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  • How to remove commas etc form a matrix in python

    - by robert
    say ive got a matrix that looks like: [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] how can i make it on seperate lines: [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] and then remove commas etc: 0 0 0 0 0 And also to make it blank instead of 0's, so that numbers can be put in later, so in the end it will be like: _ 1 2 _ 1 _ 1 (spaces not underscores) thanks

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  • How to concat a string in Python

    - by alex
    query = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE time=%s", (mytime) Then, I want to add a limit %s to it. How can I do that without messing up the %s in mytime? Edit: I want to concat query2, which has "LIMIT %s, %s"

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  • Get class of caller's method (via inspect) in Python (alt: super() emulator)

    - by Slava Vishnyakov
    Is it possible to get reference to class B in this example? class A(object): pass class B(A): def test(self): test2() class C(B): pass import inspect def test2(): frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back cls = frame.[?something here?] # cls here should == B (class) c = C() c.test() Basically, C is child of B, B is child of A. Then we create c of type C. Then the call to c.test() actually calls B.test() (via inheritance), which calls to test2(). test2() can get the parent frame frame; code reference to method via frame.f_code; self via frame.f_locals['self']; but type(frame.f_locals['self']) is C (of course), but not B, where method is defined. Any way to get B?

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  • crashing out in a while loop python

    - by Edward
    How to solve this error? i want to pass the values from get_robotxya() and get_ballxya() and use it in a loop but it seems that it will crash after awhile how do i fix this? i want to get the values whithout it crashing out of the while loop import socket import os,sys import time from threading import Thread HOST = '59.191.193.59' PORT = 5555 COORDINATES = [] def connect(): globals()['client_socket'] = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) client_socket.connect((HOST,PORT)) def update_coordinates(): connect() screen_width = 0 screen_height = 0 while True: try: client_socket.send("loc\n") data = client_socket.recv(8192) except: connect(); continue; globals()['COORDINATES'] = data.split() if(not(COORDINATES[-1] == "eom" and COORDINATES[0] == "start")): continue if (screen_width != int(COORDINATES[2])): screen_width = int(COORDINATES[2]) screen_height = int(COORDINATES[3]) return def get_ballxy(): update_coordinates() ballx = int(COORDINATES[8]) bally = int(COORDINATES[9]) return ballx,bally def get_robotxya(): update_coordinates() robotx = int(COORDINATES[12]) roboty = int(COORDINATES[13]) angle = int(COORDINATES[14]) return robotx,roboty,angle def print_ballxy(bx,by): print bx print by def print_robotxya(rx,ry,a): print rx print ry print a def activate(): bx,by = get_ballxy() rx,ry,a = get_robotxya() print_ballxy(bx,by) print_robotxya(rx,ry,a) Thread(target=update_coordinates).start() while True: activate() this is the error i get:

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  • Multiprocessing vs Threading Python

    - by John
    Hello, I am trying to understand the advantages of the module Multiprocessing over Threading. I know that Multiprocessing get's around the Global Interpreter Lock, but what other advantages are there, and can threading not do the same thing?

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  • String concatenation produces incorrect output in Python?

    - by Brian
    I have this code: filenames=["file1","FILE2","file3","fiLe4"] def alignfilenames(): #build a string that can be used to add labels to the R variables. #format goal: suffixes=c(".fileA",".fileB") filestring='suffixes=c(".' for filename in filenames: filestring=filestring+str(filename)+'",".' print filestring[:-3] #now delete the extra characters filestring=filestring[-1:-4] filestring=filestring+')' print "New String" print str(filestring) alignfilenames() I'm trying to get the string variable to look like this format: suffixes=c(".fileA",".fileB".....) but adding on the final parenthesis is not working. When I run this code as is, I get: suffixes=c(".file1",".FILE2",".file3",".fiLe4" New String ) Any idea what's going on or how to fix it?

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