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  • Exposing classes inside modules within a Python package directly in the package's namespace

    - by Richard Waite
    I have a wxPython application with the various GUI classes in their own modules in a package called gui. With this setup, importing the main window would be done as follows: from gui.mainwindow import MainWindow This looked messy to me so I changed the __init__.py file for the gui package to import the class directly into the package namespace: from mainwindow import MainWindow This allows me to import the main window like this: from gui import MainWindow This looks better to me aesthetically and I think it also more closely represents what I'm doing (importing the MainWindow class from the gui "namespace"). The reason I made the gui package was to keep all the GUI stuff together. I could have just as easily made a single gui module and stuffed all the GUI classes in it, but I think that would have been unmanageable. The package now appears to work like a module, but allows me to separate the classes into their own modules (along with helper functions, etc.). This whole thing strikes me as somewhat petty, I just thought I'd throw it out there to see what others think about the idea.

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  • Using a regex to match IP addresses in Python

    - by MHibbin
    I'm trying to make a test for checking whether a sys.argv input matches the regex for an IP address... As a simple test, I have the following... import re pat = re.compile("\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}") test = pat.match(hostIP) if test: print "Acceptable ip address" else: print "Unacceptable ip address" However when I pass random values into it, it returns "Acceptable ip address" in most cases, except when I have an "address" that is basically equivalent to \d+ Any thoughts welcome. Cheers Matt

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  • intersection of three sets in python?

    - by Phil Brown
    Currently I am stuck trying to find the intersection of three sets. Now these sets are really lists that I am converting into sets, and then trying to find the intersection of. Here's what I have so far: for list1 in masterlist: list1=thingList1 for list2 in masterlist: list2=thingList2 for list3 in masterlist: list3=thingList3 d3=[set(thingList1), set(thingList2), set(thingList3)] setmatches c= set.intersection(*map(set,d3)) print setmatches and I'm getting set([]) Script terminated. I know there's a much simpler and better way to do this, but I can't find one...

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  • Make dictionary from list with python

    - by prosseek
    I need to transform a list into dictionary as follows. The odd elements has the key, and even number elements has the value. x = (1,'a',2,'b',3,'c') - {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'} def set(self, val_): i = 0 for val in val_: if i == 0: i = 1 key = val else: i = 0 self.dict[key] = val My solution seems to long, is there a better way to get the same results?

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  • Plotting 3D Polygons in python-matplotlib

    - by Developer
    I was unsuccessful browsing web for a solution for the following simple question: How to draw 3D polygon (say a filled rectangle or triangle) using vertices values? I have tried many ideas but all failed, see: from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure() ax = Axes3D(fig) x = [0,1,1,0] y = [0,0,1,1] z = [0,1,0,1] verts = [zip(x, y,z)] ax.add_collection3d(PolyCollection(verts),zs=z) plt.show() I appreciate in advance any idea/comment. Updates based on the accepted answer: import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d as a3 import matplotlib.colors as colors import pylab as pl import scipy as sp ax = a3.Axes3D(pl.figure()) for i in range(10000): vtx = sp.rand(3,3) tri = a3.art3d.Poly3DCollection([vtx]) tri.set_color(colors.rgb2hex(sp.rand(3))) tri.set_edgecolor('k') ax.add_collection3d(tri) pl.show() Here is the result:

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  • Get class of caller's method (via inspect) in Python (alt: super() emulator)

    - by Slava Vishnyakov
    Is it possible to get reference to class B in this example? class A(object): pass class B(A): def test(self): test2() class C(B): pass import inspect def test2(): frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back cls = frame.[?something here?] # cls here should == B (class) c = C() c.test() Basically, C is child of B, B is child of A. Then we create c of type C. Then the call to c.test() actually calls B.test() (via inheritance), which calls to test2(). test2() can get the parent frame frame; code reference to method via frame.f_code; self via frame.f_locals['self']; but type(frame.f_locals['self']) is C (of course), but not B, where method is defined. Any way to get B?

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  • Copying 2D lists in python

    - by SuperString
    Hi I want to copy a 2D list, so that if I modify 1 list, the other is not modified. For 1 D list, I just do this: a = [1,2] b = a[:] And now if I modify b, a is not modified. But this doesn't work for 2D list: a = [[1,2],[3,4]] b = a[:] If I modify b, a gets modified as well. How do I fix this?

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  • Need help with re for matching and getting the value python

    - by laspal
    Hi, Need help regarding re. file = 'file No.WR79050107006 from files' So what I am trying to do is validate if file string contains WR + 11 digit. result = re.match('^(\S| )*(?P<sr>(\d){11})(\S| )*', file) Its validate only 11 digit but not WR before it. How can I do that? Using re after matching how can I get the match value ( WR79050107006) I can do string find index = file.find('file No.') and then get the value of next 13 char. thanks

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  • A problem with assertRaises function in Python

    - by anton.k.
    Hello,guys! I am trying to run the following test self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) where test.testBasic() is class IsPrimeTest(unittest.TestCase): def assertRaises(self,exception,callable,*args,**kwargs): print('dfdf') temp = callable super().assertRaises(exception,temp,*args,**kwargs) def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) where prime is a function,and but in self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) the lambda function doesnt throws an exception after the test def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) fails Can somebody offers a solution to the problem?

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  • Efficient way in Python to add an element to a comma-separated string

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking for the most efficient way to add an element to a comma-separated string while maintaining alphabetical order for the words: For example: string = 'Apples, Bananas, Grapes, Oranges' addition = 'Cherries' result = 'Apples, Bananas, Cherries, Grapes, Oranges' Also, a way to do this but while maintaining IDs: string = '1:Apples, 4:Bananas, 6:Grapes, 23:Oranges' addition = '62:Cherries' result = '1:Apples, 4:Bananas, 62:Cherries, 6:Grapes, 23:Oranges' Sample code is greatly appreciated. Thank you so much.

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  • Python - werid behavior

    - by orokusaki
    I've done what I shouldn't have done and written 4 modules (6 hours or so) without running any tests along the way. I have a method inside of /mydir/__init__.py called get_hash(), and a class inside of /mydir/utils.py called SpamClass. /mydir/utils.py imports get_hash() from /mydir/__init__. /mydir/__init__.py imports SpamClass from /mydir/utils.py. Both the class and the method work fine on their own but for some reason if I try to import /mydir/, I get an import error saying "Cannot import name get_hash" from /mydir/__init__.py. The only stack trace is the line saying that __init__.py imported SpamClass. The next line is where the error occurs in in SpamClass when trying to import get_hash. Why is this?

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  • Python: Convert format string to regular expression

    - by miracle2k
    The users of my app can configure the layout of certain files via a format string. For example, the config value the user specifies might be: layout = '%(group)s/foo-%(locale)s/file.txt' I now need to find all such files that already exist. This seems easy enough using the glob module: glob_pattern = layout % {'group': '*', 'locale': '*'} glob.glob(glob_pattern) However, now comes the hard part: Given the list of glob results, I need to get all those filename-parts that matched a given placeholder, for example all the different "locale" values. I thought I would generate a regular expression for the format string that I could then match against the list of glob results (or then possibly skipping glob and doing all the matching myself). But I can't find a nice way to create the regex with both the proper group captures, and escaping the rest of the input. For example, this might give me a regex that matches the locales: regex = layout % {'group': '.*', 'locale': (.*)} But to be sure the regex is valid, I need to pass it through re.escape(), which then also escapes the regex syntax I have just inserted. Calling re.escape() first ruins the format string. I know there's fnmatch.translate(), which would even give me a regex - but not one that returns the proper groups. Is there a good way to do this, without a hack like replacing the placeholders with a regex-safe unique value etc.? Is there possibly some way (a third party library perhaps?) that allows dissecting a format string in a more flexible way, for example splitting the string at the placeholder locations?

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  • Django/Python: Save an HTML table to Excel

    - by kchau
    I have an HTML table that I'd like to be able to export to an Excel file. I already have an option to export the table into an IQY file, but I'd prefer something that didn't allow the user to refresh the data via Excel. I just want a feature that takes a snapshot of the table at the time the user clicks the link/button. I'd prefer it if the feature was a link/button on the HTML page that allows the user to save the query results displayed in the table. Is there a way to do this at all? Or, something I can modify with the IQY? I can try to provide more details if needed. Thanks in advance.

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  • How to get unique numbers using randomint python?

    - by user2519572
    I am creating a 'Euromillions Lottery generator' just for fun and I keep getting the same numbers printing out. How can I make it so that I get random numbers and never get the same number popping up: from random import randint numbers = randint(1,50) stars = randint(1,11) print "Your lucky numbers are: ", numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers print "Your lucky stars are: " , stars, stars The output is just: >>> Your lucky numbers are: 41 41 41 41 41 >>> Your lucky stars are: 8 8 >>> Good bye! How can I fix this? Regards

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  • crashing out in a while loop python

    - by Edward
    How to solve this error? i want to pass the values from get_robotxya() and get_ballxya() and use it in a loop but it seems that it will crash after awhile how do i fix this? i want to get the values whithout it crashing out of the while loop import socket import os,sys import time from threading import Thread HOST = '59.191.193.59' PORT = 5555 COORDINATES = [] def connect(): globals()['client_socket'] = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) client_socket.connect((HOST,PORT)) def update_coordinates(): connect() screen_width = 0 screen_height = 0 while True: try: client_socket.send("loc\n") data = client_socket.recv(8192) except: connect(); continue; globals()['COORDINATES'] = data.split() if(not(COORDINATES[-1] == "eom" and COORDINATES[0] == "start")): continue if (screen_width != int(COORDINATES[2])): screen_width = int(COORDINATES[2]) screen_height = int(COORDINATES[3]) return def get_ballxy(): update_coordinates() ballx = int(COORDINATES[8]) bally = int(COORDINATES[9]) return ballx,bally def get_robotxya(): update_coordinates() robotx = int(COORDINATES[12]) roboty = int(COORDINATES[13]) angle = int(COORDINATES[14]) return robotx,roboty,angle def print_ballxy(bx,by): print bx print by def print_robotxya(rx,ry,a): print rx print ry print a def activate(): bx,by = get_ballxy() rx,ry,a = get_robotxya() print_ballxy(bx,by) print_robotxya(rx,ry,a) Thread(target=update_coordinates).start() while True: activate() this is the error i get:

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  • How to show why "try" failed in python

    - by calccrypto
    is there anyway to show why a "try" failed, and skipped to "except", without writing out all the possible errors by hand, and without ending the program? example: try: 1/0 except: someway to show "Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module> 1/0 ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero" i dont want to doif:print error 1, elif: print error 2, elif: etc.... i want to see the error that would be shown had try not been there

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  • python sending incomplete data over socket

    - by tipu
    I have this socket server script, import SocketServer import shelve import zlib class MyTCPHandler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler): def handle(self): self.words = shelve.open('/home/tipu/Dropbox/dev/workspace/search/words.db', 'r'); self.tweets = shelve.open('/home/tipu/Dropbox/dev/workspace/search/tweets.db', 'r'); param = self.request.recv(1024).strip() try: result = str(self.words[param]) except KeyError: result = "set()" self.request.send(str(result)) if __name__ == "__main__": HOST, PORT = "localhost", 50007 SocketServer.TCPServer.allow_reuse_address = True server = SocketServer.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler) server.serve_forever() And this receiver, from django.http import HttpResponse from django.template import Context, loader import shelve import zlib import socket def index(req, param = ''): HOST = 'localhost' PORT = 50007 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((HOST, PORT)) s.send(param) data = zlib.decompress(s.recv(131072)) s.close() print 'Received', repr(data) t = loader.get_template('index.html') c = Context({ 'foo' : data }) return HttpResponse(t.render(c)) I am sending strings to the receiver that are in the hundreds of kilobytes. I end up only receiving a portion of it. Is there a way that I can fix that so that the whole string is sent?

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  • Python: Embed Chaco in PyQt4 Mystery

    - by random guy
    How do i go about adding Chaco to an existing PyQt4 application? Hours of searches yielded little (search for yourself). So far i've figured i need the following lines: import os os.environ['ETS_TOOLKIT']='qt4' i could not find PyQt4-Chaco code anywhere on the internets i would be very grateful to anyone filling in the blanks to show me the simplest line plot possible (with 2 points) from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui import sys import os os.environ['ETS_TOOLKIT']='qt4' from enthought <blanks> : : app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) main_window = QtGui.QMainWindow() main_window.setCentralWidget(<blanks>) main_window.show() app.exec_() print('bye') what Chaco/Enthought class inherits from QWidget ?

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  • Python - Things one MUST avoid

    - by Anurag Uniyal
    Today I was bitten again by "Mutable default arguments" after many years. I usually don't use mutable default arguments unless needed but I think with time I forgot about that, and today in the application I added tocElements=[] in a pdf generation function's argument list and now 'Table of Content' gets longer and longer after each invocation of "generate pdf" :) My question is what other things should I add to my list of things to MUST avoid? 1 Mutable default arguments 2 import modules always same way e.g. 'from y import x' and 'import x' are totally different things actually they are treated as different modules see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1459236/module-reimported-if-imported-from-different-path 3 Do not use range in place of lists because range() will become an iterator anyway, so things like this will fail, so wrap it by list myIndexList = [0,1,3] isListSorted = myIndexList == range(3) # will fail in 3.0 isListSorted = myIndexList == list(range(3)) # will not same thing can be mistakenly done with xrange e.g myIndexList == xrange(3). 4 Catching multiple exceptions try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except KeyError,TypeError: print TypeError It prints "hmm bug", though it is not a bug, it looks like we are catching exceptions of type KeyError,TypeError but instead we are catching KeyError only as variable TypeError, instead use try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except (KeyError,TypeError): print TypeError

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  • Python New-style Classes and the Super Function

    - by sfjedi
    This is not the result I expect to see: class A(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self['args'] = args self['kwargs'] = kwargs class B(A): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(B, self).__init__(args, kwargs) print 'Instance A:', A('monkey', banana=True) #Instance A: {'args': ('monkey',), 'kwargs': {'banana': True}} print 'Instance B:', B('monkey', banana=True) #Instance B: {'args': (('monkey',), {'banana': True}), 'kwargs': {}} I'm just trying to get classes A and B to have consistent values set. I'm not sure why the kwargs are being inserted into the args, but I'm to presume I am either calling init() wrong from the subclass or I'm trying to do something that you just can't do. Any tips?

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  • Best practice for string substition with gettext using Python

    - by Malcolm
    Looking for best practice advice on what string substitution technique to use when using gettext(). Or do all techniques apply equally? I can think of at least 3 string techniques: Classic "%" based formatting: "My name is %(name)s" % locals() .format() based formatting: "My name is {name}".format( locals() ) string.Template.safe_substitute() import string template = string.Template( "My name is ${name}" ) template.safe_substitute( locals() ) The advantage of the string.Template technique is that a translated string with with an incorrectly spelled variable reference can still yield a usable string value while the other techniques unconditionally raise an exception. The downside of the string.Template technique appears to be the inability for one to customize how a variable is formatted (padding, justification, width, etc).

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