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  • Explanation of nodev and nosuid in fstab

    - by Ivan Kovacevic
    I see those two options constantly suggested on the web when someone describes how to mount a tmpfs or ramfs. Often also with noexec but I'm specifically interested in nodev and nosuid. I basically hate just blindly repeating what somebody suggested, without real understanding. And since I only see copy/paste instructions on the net regarding this, I ask here. This is from documentation: nodev - Don't interpret block special devices on the filesystem. nosuid - Block the operation of suid, and sgid bits. But I would like a practical explanation what could happen if I leave those two out. Let's say that I have configured tmpfs or ramfs(without these two mentioned options set) that is accessible(read+write) by a specific (non-root)user on the system. What can that user do to harm the system? Excluding the case of consuming all available system memory in case of ramfs

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  • Managing service passwords with Puppet

    - by Jeff Ferland
    I'm setting up my Bacula configuration in Puppet. One thing I want to do is ensure that each password field is different. My current thought is to hash the hostname with a secret value that would ensure each file daemon has a unique password and that password can be written to both the director configuration and the file server. I definitely don't want to use one universal password as that would permit anybody who might compromise one machine to get access to any machine through Bacula. Is there another way to do this other than using a hash function to generate the passwords? Clarification: This is NOT about user accounts for services. This is about the authentication tokens (to use another term) in the client / server files. Example snippet: Director { # define myself Name = <%= hostname $>-dir QueryFile = "/etc/bacula/scripts/query.sql" WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" PidDirectory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 3 Password = "<%= somePasswordFunction =>" # Console password Messages = Daemon }

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  • I am starting to think that Prevx.com isnt a legit site...but heres my long-winded question

    - by cop1152
    I apologize in advance for the long-winded post. I posted it all because I believe its informative and may be useful. Also, I posted my question at the end. Moments ago I was RDC to a file server in my home (from inside my home). I had opened Firefox and Googled for a manufacturers website. Immediately after clicking the link, Firefox abruptly closed. This seemed odd to me to so I checked the running processes and discovered d.exe, e.exe, and f.exe running. I Googled these processes on a different machine and found them belonging to a key-logger/screen-capturer/trojan called defender.exe, which according to the Prevx lives in c:\documents and settings\user\local settings\temp. (Prevx link http://www.prevx.com/filenames/147352809685142526-X1/DEFENDER32.EXE.html) Simultaneously, an obviously-spoofed Windows Firewall popup appeared on the server asking me to click ‘yes’ to update Windows Firewall. At this time I ended all rogue processes, emptied the temp folder, removed defender.exe from startup, and checked my registry and a few other locations. Before deleting Defender.exe I noted that it was created moments ago, just before Firefox crashed. I believe that I was ‘almost’ infected with this malware. I believe that it needed me to click the phony popup in order to complete infection because it wasn’t allowed to execute processes from the temp folder. After cleaning the machine, I restarted it and have been monitoring it for over an hour. I am debating on whether or not to restore the Windows partition (a separate physical drive from the data) or to just watch it for awhle. I should mention that, because of the specs on this machine, I do not run antivirus software, but I know it well and inspect it regularly. It is a very old Compaq with a 400mhz processer and 512mb of ram. I have a static IP and the server is in the DMZ running an FTP client and some HTTP server software. All files transferred to and stored on this machine are scanned for malware before transferring. Usually the machine only runs 19 processes and performs pretty well for its intended purpose. I posted the story so that you could be aware of a possible new piece of malware and how it acts, but I also have a question or two. First, over the last few months I have noticed that PREVX is listed at the top of most of my Google searches when researching malware, especially for new or obscure malware…and they always want you to purchase something. I don’t think they are one of the top AV companies, so it seems odd that they are always the top Google result. Does anyone have any experience with any of their products? Also, what sites do you rely on for malware researching? Recently, I have found it difficult to find good info because of HijackThis-logs and other deadend info cluttering up my searches. And lastly, besides antivirus, third-party firewall, etc, what settings would you use to lock down a machine to make it more secure in instances where a stubborn admin like myself refuses to run AV? Thanks.

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  • Several border firewalls in the same network

    - by nimai
    I'm currently analyzing the consequences of multipath connections for the firewalls. In that context, I'm wondering if it's really uncommon to have several firewalls at the borders of a network to protect it. The typical case I'd imagine would be a multihomed network, for which the administrator would have different policies for links from different (or not) ISPs. Or maybe even in an ISP's network. What would be the practical (dis)advantages of such a configuration? Could you provide an example of an existing topology using several border firewalls?

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  • How can I stop SipVicious ('friendly-scanner') from flooding my SIP server?

    - by a1kmm
    I run an SIP server which listens on UDP port 5060, and needs to accept authenticated requests from the public Internet. The problem is that occasionally it gets picked up by people scanning for SIP servers to exploit, who then sit there all day trying to brute force the server. I use credentials that are long enough that this attack will never feasibly work, but it is annoying because it uses up a lot of bandwidth. I have tried setting up fail2ban to read the Asterisk log and ban IPs that do this with iptables, which stops Asterisk from seeing the incoming SIP REGISTER attempts after 10 failed attempts (which happens in well under a second at the rate of attacks I'm seeing). However, SipVicious derived scripts do not immediately stop sending after getting an ICMP Destination Host Unreachable - they keep hammering the connection with packets. The time until they stop is configurable, but unfortunately it seems that the attackers doing these types of brute force attacks generally set the timeout to be very high (attacks continue at a high rate for hours after fail2ban has stopped them from getting any SIP response back once they have seen initial confirmation of an SIP server). Is there a way to make it stop sending packets at my connection?

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  • Is there a filesystem firewall?

    - by Jenko
    Ever since firewalls appeared on the scene, it became hard for rogue programs to access the internet. But you and I know that running applications get unrestricted access to the filesystem. They can read your files and send them to poppa. (programs such as web browsers and IM clients, which are allowed thru the internet firewall) Any way to know which programs are accessing your files? or limit their access to a specific partition?

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  • is there any valid reason for users to request phpinfo()

    - by The Journeyman geek
    I'm working on writing a set of rules for fail2ban to make life a little more interesting for whoever is trying to bruteforce his way into my system. A good majority of the attempts tend to revolve around trying to get into phpinfo() via my webserver -as below GET //pma/config/config.inc.php?p=phpinfo(); HTTP/1.1 GET //admin/config/config.inc.php?p=phpinfo(); HTTP/1.1 GET //dbadmin/config/config.inc.php?p=phpinfo(); HTTP/1.1 GET //mysql/config/config.inc.php?p=phpinfo(); HTTP/1.1 I'm wondering if there's any valid reason for a user to attempt to access phpinfo() via apache, since if not, i can simply use that, or more specifically the regex GET //[^>]+=phpinfo\(\) as a filter to eliminate these attacks

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  • Which linux x86 hardware keystore?

    - by byeo
    I'm terminating SSL/TLS in my DMZ and I have to assume that machine will be hacked. At which point my certificates are compromised. Previously I've used nCipher hardware keystore/accelerator to solve this issue. These cards won't reveal the private key even to root. The card performs the encryption and decryption onboard and is hardened against physical attack. The only way to get at the keys is by attaching a smart card reader to the card itself. I'm having trouble finding information about something to recreate this approach. Is this the domain of specialist switches and firewalls these days? This old page references some of the old hardware: http://www.kegel.com/ssl/hw.html#cards

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  • Connect iPad to windows 7 VPN

    - by Linuz
    My iPad keeps spitting out the error: "A connection could not be established to the PPP server." I am trying to connect it to a VPN I set up with Windows 7 as an incoming connection. On the iPad, I went into the VPN settings, added a new PPTP VPN with the following information Server: Windows 7 Computer's IP RSA SecurID: OFF Account: Account Username Password: Account Password Encryption Level: Auto Send All Traffic: ON Proxy: Off Now I know that it is making some connection to the Windows 7 Computer because whenever I intentionally put in the wrong VPN password on the iPad, it makes me put in the correct one before trying to connect again. All the ports are forwarded on my router for PPTP, and my Windows 7 Firewall is even off to try to get this to work. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks.

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  • VPS, what to install next?

    - by Camran
    I have my VPS now, with ubuntu 9.10 OS. I wonder about SSH. What is it for, and how do I use it? Also, in which order should I install apps on my server? (ex: PuTTY, IPTABLES, LAMP etc...)? Thanks

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  • Efficient way to secure tomcat database connections

    - by Greymeister
    Our customer has a problem with database information in plaintext within a server.xml or context.xml file on the Tomcat server. I've looked at several sites like OWASP and it seems like there's no obvious solution. I've also seen things like this wordpress blog which describe implementing a custom Tomcat extension to do this. There must exist some standard implementation(s) already without having to roll your own. Does anyone have experience with such a solution?

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  • CPANEL ModSec2 not working with SecFilterSelective

    - by jfreak53
    Ok, I have cPanel/WHM latest on a Dedi, here are my specs on apache: Server version: Apache/2.2.23 (Unix) Server built: Oct 13 2012 19:33:23 Cpanel::Easy::Apache v3.14.13 rev9999 I just ran a re-compile using easyapache as you can see by the date. When running it I made sure that ModSec was selected and it stated in big bold letters something to the effect of If you install Apache 2.2.x you get ModSec 2 So I believed it :) I recompiled, I then ran: grep -i release /home/cpeasyapache/src/modsecurity-apache_2.6.8/apache2/mod_security2.c Hmm, the file is there but grep doesn't output anything, if I run: grep -i release /home/cpeasyapache/src/modsecurity-apache_1.9.5/apache2/mod_security.c I of course get the ModSec 1 version output. But the thing is that ModSec2 is installed since the c file is there. So I continued and put the following in modsec2.user.conf: SecFilterScanOutput On SecFilterSelective OUTPUT "text" Now when I restart Apache I get this error: Syntax error on line 1087 of /usr/local/apache/conf/modsec2.user.conf: Invalid command 'SecFilterScanOutput', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration Now supposedly this is supposed to work, I even have it running in ModSec2 on a non-cpanel server setup manually. So I know ModSec2 supports it. Anyone have any ideas? I have asked this question over at cpanel forum and it got nowhere.

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  • Our server hosting provider asked for our root password

    - by Andreas Larsson
    I work at a company that develops and hosts a small business critical system. We have an "Elastic cloud server" from a professional hosting provider. I recently got an email from them saying that they've had some problems with their backup solution and that they needed to install a new kernel. And they wanted us to send them the root password so they could do this work. I know that the email came from them. It's not [email protected] or anything like that. I called them and asked them about this, and they were like "yep, we need the password to do this". It just seems odd to send the root password over email like this. Do I have any reason to be concerned?

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  • Setting the secure flag on cookies from Outlook Web Access

    - by Cheekysoft
    I'm running Exchange 2007 SP3 which is exposing outlook web access over only HTTPS. However the server delivers the sessionid cookie without the secure flag set. Even though I don't have port 80 open, this cookie is still vulnerable to being stolen over port 80 in the event of a man-in-the-middle attack. It also contributes to a PCI-DSS failure Does anyone know if I can persuade the web server/application to set the secure flag?

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  • Windows Console .exe won't run if it's downloaded from the internet

    - by Jason Kester
    I have a nightly job on Windows Server 2003 that automatically updates itself by downloading its .exe from Amazon S3. I've noticed that when it performs the download and tries to run the newly downloaded .exe, it is immediately kicked back to the command line without actually running anything. I can verify this by sticking the new version of the code directly on the server and watching it execute successfully, then uploading it to the "update" server, running the bootstrapper then running the .exe and observing it fail to execute. I can only assume that this is due to Windows protecting me from running code from outside its trusted zone. How does a fella go about configuring it to allow code from this particular external location to execute? Thanks!

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  • linux intrusion detection software

    - by Sam Hammamy
    I have an Ubuntu VPS that I use for practice and deploying prototypes as I am a python developer. I recently started teaching my self sys admin tasks, like installing OpenLDAP. I happened to turn off the ufw firewall for just a minute, and when I ran an netstat command, I saw a foreign ip connected to ssh that I traced to china. I'd like to know a few things: 1) Is there any good network intrusion detection software, such that if any IP that's outside a specific range connects to the VPN, I can be notified? -- I am thinking about scripting this, but I'm pretty sure there's something useful out there and I believe in the wisdom of crowds. 2) How did this person gain access to my server? Is it because my firewall was down? Or is it because they browsed my LDAP directory and from there figured out a way to connect (there was a clear text password in the tree but it wasn't one used by the server's sshd)?

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  • Is visiting HTTPS websites on a public hotspot secure?

    - by Calmarius
    It's often said that HTTPS SSL/TLS connections are encrypted and said to be secure because the communication between the server and me is encrypted (also provides server authentication) so if someone sniffs my packets, they will need zillions of years to decrypt if using brute force in theory. Let's assume I'm on a public wifi and there is a malicious user on the same wifi who sniffs every packet. Now let's assume I'm trying to access my gmail account using this wifi. My browser does a SSL/TLS handshake with the server and gets the keys to use for encryption and decryption. If that malicious user sniffed all my incoming and outgoing packets. Can he calculate the same keys and read my encrypted traffic too or even send encrypted messages to the server in my name?

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  • Why some recovery tools are still able to find deleted files after I purge Recycle Bin, defrag the disk and zero-fill free space?

    - by Ivan
    As far as I understand, when I delete (without using Recycle Bin) a file, its record is removed from the file system table of contents (FAT/MFT/etc...) but the values of the disk sectors which were occupied by the file remain intact until these sectors are reused to write something else. When I use some sort of erased files recovery tool, it reads those sectors directly and tries to build up the original file. In this case, what I can't understand is why recovery tools are still able to find deleted files (with reduced chance of rebuilding them though) after I defragment the drive and overwrite all the free space with zeros. Can you explain this? I thought zero-overwritten deleted files can be only found by means of some special forensic lab magnetic scan hardware and those complex wiping algorithms (overwriting free space multiple times with random and non-random patterns) only make sense to prevent such a physical scan to succeed, but practically it seems that plain zero-fill is not enough to wipe all the tracks of deleted files. How can this be?

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  • tftpd starts randomly

    - by Mutant
    A few days ago my Little Snitch filter starts popping up tftpd. I'd never seen this before, so I immediately start freaking out thinking my Mac has been compromised. I can't find anything unusual on the system. The process usually dies before I can trace it (little snitch never allowed the connection just left the popup up). I finally caught it once, and found this: [10:32]: sudo lsof -nlP | fgrep tftp Password: tftpd 1924 18446744 cwd DIR 1,3 1326 2 / tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 29856 163979456 /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 600576 163686622 /usr/lib/dyld tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 303300608 189014898 /private/var/db/dyld/dyld_shared_cache_x86_64 tftpd 1924 18446744 0u IPv4 0x34a76100fcbb06e3 0t0 UDP *:55818 tftpd 1924 18446744 2u IPv4 0x34a76100f1113c53 0t0 UDP *:69 [10:32]: ps ax | fgrep 1924 1924 ?? S 0:00.00 /usr/libexec/tftpd -i /private/tftpboot 1949 s000 S+ 0:00.00 fgrep 1924 For the life of me I can't figure out what is starting this. Nothing in cron, launchdaemons, etc. Google searches haven't yielded much either. The connection IP is different each time. So my question is: Has anyone seen anything like this before?

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  • Computer Invisible On Domain

    - by Giawa
    Good afternoon, I'm sorry that this isn't a programming question specifically, but stackoverflow has been great at answering questions in the past, so I thought I'd give it a shot. One of our Linux users attempted to install Cygwin on our Windows Server 2008 Domain Controller. Now it is no longer possible to browse the domain and see all of the computers. For example, \\my_domain_name will just bring up a username/password dialog box (that will not accept any username or password, even the domain administrator) and no computers will ever be listed. However, I can still connect to computers based on their name or IP address. So \\eridanus or \\192.168.1.85 still work to connect to the shared directories of computers on our network. Does anyone know where I can find these settings? and how I can fix this problem? Thanks, Giawa

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  • china and gmail attachs -

    - by doug
    "We have evidence to suggest that a primary goal of the attackers was accessing the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists. Based on our investigation to date we believe their attack did not achieve that objective. Only two Gmail accounts appear to have been accessed, and that activity was limited to account information (such as the date the account was created) and subject line, rather than the content of emails themselves.” [source] I don't know much about how internet works, but as long the chines gov has access to the chines internet providers servers, why do they need to hack gmail accounts? I assume that i don't understand how submitting/writing a message(from user to gmail servers) works, in order to be sent later to the other email address. Who can tell me how submitting a message to a web form works?

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  • Is WinRT really as secure as it's made out to be?

    - by IDWMaster
    Prior to releasing Windows 8, Microsoft claimed that all WinRT apps are cleanly removed from your computer after uninstalling them, and that WinRT apps should not interfere with other running applications, because they are ran in a "sandboxed" environment. Microsoft has also claimed numerous times on Channel9 that Windows 8 apps are not ran in a VM. So my question is; are these claims accurate? If the application is not running inside of a VM, how is it possible to protect the system against malicious code at runtime, assuming the attacker was able to bypass the screening process of the Windows Store system? Microsoft allows "native code" in WinRT apps, so wouldn't it be possible (using hand-coded assembly or some odd pointer manipulation trick to call functions outside of the sandboxed environment and interfere with the rest of the system, if it's really "native code" and not some VM?

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  • Get the "source network address" in Event ID 529 audit entries on Windows XP

    - by Make it useful Keep it simple
    In windows server 2003 when an Event 529 (logon failure) occures with a logon type of 10 (remote logon), the source network IP address is recorded in the event log. On a windows XP machine, this (and some other details) are omitted. If a bot is trying a brute force over RDP (some of my XP machines are (and need to be) exposed with a public IP address), i cannot see the originating IP address so i don't know what to block (with a script i run every few minutes). The DC does not log this detail either when the logon attempt is to the client xp machine and the DC is only asked to authenticate the credentials. Any help getting this detail in the log would be appreciated.

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