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• Problem hosting server behing personal router

  - by Venkatesh Hodavdekar

  I recently bought the domain name lucidcontraptions.com and want to host the website from home. I have a D-Link router in which I have set up my personal virtual server correctly. My application server is Apache 2.2. The server works perfectly with the following settings: External IP: 207.172.xx.xx. Public port: 8888 Internal IP: 192.168.xx.xx. Private port: 80 If I go to 207.172.xx.xx:8888/ the server works perfectly and my Apache page shows up without any issues, both from inside the intranet as well as outside. This setting would not work out for me as I am not allowed port numbers in my DNS management. Now when I tweak the settings to the following: External IP: 207.172.xx.xx. Public port: 80 Internal IP: 192.168.xx.xx. Private port: 80 If I go to 207.172.xx.xx/ the server works perfectly and my Apache page shows up without any issues, BUT ONLY FROM INSIDE THE INTRANET. This page does not show up for people outside the intranet.

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• What does a DHCP-client consider to be the "best" answer?

  - by Nils

  We have training rooms where normally Windows XP is installed (via PXE). The "normal" DNS/DHCP infrastructure are Windows-Servers. The training room has its own VLAN (different from the Windows servers), so there is most propably an IP helper for DHCP requests active on the Cisco router where all PCs from that room are connected to. Now we wanted to convert some of the PCs to Linux instead. The idea was: Put our own Laptop with a DHCP server into the VLAN of the room and override the "normal" DHCP response. The idea was that this should work, since a directly attached DHCP server in that VLAN should have a faster response-time than the "normal" DHCP server located some hops away from that VLAN. It turned out that this did not work. We had to manually release the lease on the original DHCP server to get it working. On the Laptop we did see the client requesting the IP and "our" dhcp was sending NACKs to the Windows IP request, before that we did offer our own response. Old Question: Why did this not work out as expected? What is making the PC regain its old lease? Update 2012-08-08: The regain-issue has been explained in the DHCP-RFC. Now this explains why the PC regains its old lease. Now we do release the IP from the Windows-DHCP-server before giving it another try. Again - the Windows-DHCP-server wins. I suspect that there is some algorithm for the dhcp-client which determines the "best" dhcp-answer for the client. The new question is: How does the client choose the "best" answer?

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• Emails sent through SMTP on VPS are considered to be spam

  - by Ilya

  During our business we have to make regular mailing to our clients: invoices, information emails, etc. Previously we received and sent emails using mail server of our hosting provider. But as the number of clients increased, we have to order VPS and install our own SMTP server their for performing our mailings. So, now we have default provider mail server for receiving emails, let it be business.com. We have email accounts like [email protected], etc. We use this mail server to receive emails and manage our email accounts. And we have SMTP server which is running on VPS. We use this SMTP only for sending emails with From addresses like [email protected]. VPS has default DNS records created by provider, let it be IP.AD.RE.SS <- ip-ad-re-ss.provider.com. Mailings are made using either desktop email clients or custom Java-based application which uses JavaMail for sending emails. The problem is that most of emails sent by us are placed in spam folders in clients email accounts. Clients have their email in Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, etc. Could you please tell what is the most probable reason and solution of described problem? Are there any service in Intranet where we can send test email and get an answer with description why this email could be considered to be spam?

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• Amazon CloudFront and EC2: Global Load Balancing

  - by Matt Rogish

  We have an app that is going to store and serve up a decent amount of data in S3 to a global audience where latency should be minimized. So, we've been doing tests with Amazon CloudFront and have seen favorable results. However, we need a thin middleware layer (to do security etc.) and we'd like to put that in EC2. Due to security restrictions, this middleware layer will do the file streaming from S3/CloudFront: S3/CloudFront - EC2 - Clients We can geographically distribute the EC2 nodes (US East/West, and Ireland) but the problem is that a client in the EU would hit our US server and be fed data from there, thus rendering much of the performance benefit of CloudFront moot. I've been digging through the EC2 docs but I can't find a built-in way to get a geographically distributed version of EC2 a la CloudFront. Elastic Load Balancing sounds like the way to go, but I can't seem to find a way with that to direct based on routing... Preferably, we'd like to keep the amount of stuff outside of EC2/S3/etc. to a minimum (for obvious reasons). Any ideas how to do that within the EC2/S3 framework? DNS/routing tricks? Thanks!

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• Subdomains and address bar

  - by Priednis

  I have a fairly noob question about how subdomains work. As I understand at first the DNS server specifies that a request for certain subdomain.domain.com has to go to the IP address of domain.com, and the webserver at domain.com further processes the request and displays the needed subdomain page. It is not entirely clear to me how (for example Apache) server does it. As I understand there can be entries in vhosts.conf file which specify folders that contain the subdomain data. Something like: <VirtualHost *> ServerName www.domain.com DocumentRoot /home/httpd/htdocs/ </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *> ServerName subdomain.domain.com DocumentRoot /home/httpd/htdocs/subdomain/ </VirtualHost> and there also can be redirect entries in .htaccess files like rewritecond %{http_host} ^subdomain.domain.com [nc] rewriterule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/subdomain/ [r=301,nc] however in this case the user gets directed to the directory which contains the subdomain data but the user gets "out" of the subdomain. I would like to know - how, when going to subdomain.domain.com the subdomain.domain.com, beginning of address remains visible in the address bar of the explorer? Can it be done by an alternate entry in .htaccess file? If a VirtualHost entry is specified in the vhosts.conf file, does it mean, that a new user account has to be specified for access to this directory?

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• OpenVPN bad source address from client

  - by Bogdan

  I have one problem with OpenVPN. There are a lot drops records in the openvpn log file on the server: Mon Oct 22 10:14:41 2012 us=726541 laptop/???:1194 MULTI: bad source address from client [192.168.1.107], packet dropped grep -E "^[a-z]" server.conf ----- port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca data/ca.crt cert data/server.crt key data/server.key dh data/dh1024.pem tls-server tls-auth data/ta.key 0 remote-cert-tls client cipher AES-256-CBC tun-mtu 1200 server 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" client-to-client client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/ccd route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun max-clients 5 status /var/log/status-openvpn.log log /var/log/openvpn.log verb 4 auth-user-pass-verify /etc/openvpn/verify.sh via-file tmp-dir /tmp script-security 2 ----- cat ccd/laptop ----- iroute 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ----- cat client.conf ----- remote server ip 1194 client dev tun ping 10 comp-lzo proto udp tls-client tls-auth data/ta.key 1 pkcs12 data/vpn.laptop.p12 remote-cert-tls server #ns-cert-type server persist-key persist-tun cipher AES-256-CBC verb 3 pull auth-user-pass /home/user/.openvpn/users.db ----- According to "Jan Just Keijser - OpenVPN 2 Cookbook" root of the problem is incorrect config options.see the screenshot But, as you see, my config has such options. Could you please help me to solve this problem. @week Verb leverl=6; client log. Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.10.10.3 pointopoint 10.10.10.5 mtu 1500 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net xxxx netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 192.168.1.1 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.10.10.5 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.10.10.5 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed cat ccd/latop iroute 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-push 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.5

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• Fresh Proxmox VE 2.1 installation with defaults can't be reached or pinged

  - by Damainman

  I am using the lastest Proxmox VE 2.1. My server has two NICS with a uplink only connected into eth0. My Server is a co-located server utilizing public IPv4 IPs. It is not behind a firewall or any system which monitors traffic. Via IPKVM I did a fresh install of Proxmox, I put in the correct IP, Mask, Gateway, and DNS information. The install went perfectly fine with no errors. Upon completion and rebooting the system: I am unable to reach the web GUI via the browser, it just times out. I am unable to ping the server. I am unable to ping outside to the Internet from within the server. Tried pinging out to 4.2.2.2 and yahoo.com I tried rebooting the server and restarting the network service. IFCONFIG shows my IP information under vmbro0 which also has the same MAC address as the eth0 device. eth0 only displays a IPv6 Scope:Link address, which I did not setup myself. This is my first time installing proxmox, but after searching for a few hours it doesn't seem like anyone else is having the same issue as me from a fresh install with just the defaults. So far the only thing I did was install it. Also, I know the network cable is good and the IP is good because I was running a Xen XCP server with the same network settings prior to wiping it to install proxmox. Some additional information: for pveversion -v (Installed proxmox-ve_2.1-f9b0f63a-26.iso) pve-manager: 2.1-1 (pve-manager/2.1/f9b0f63a) running kernel: 2.6.32-11-pve proxmox-ve-2.6.32: 2.0-66 netstat -nr (note: .136 is my network, and .137 is my gateway) Destination - Gateway - Genmask xxx.xxx.xxx.136 - 0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.248 0.0.0.0 - xxx.xxx.xxx.137 - 0.0.0.0 /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto vmbr0 iface vmbr0 inet static address xxx.xxx.xxx.138 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.137 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0

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• 3 Servers, is this is a cluster?

  - by Andy Barlow

  Hello, At the moment I have one Ubuntu server, 9.10, running with a simple Samba share, a mail server, DNS server and DHCP server. Mostly its just there for file sharing and email server. I also have 2 other servers that are exactly the same hardware and spec as the first, which have an rsync set up to retrieve the shared folders and backs them up. However, if the first server goes down, all of our shares disappear along with our mail and the system must be rebuilt. Also I tend to find if people are downloading a large amount from the file server, no-one can access there emails - especially in the morning when everyone is signing in at once. Would it be more beneficial for me to have all 3 servers, all running the same services, doing the same thing with some sort of cluster with load balancing? I'm not really sure where to begin looking, or how to go about such a setup where 3 servers are all identical, but perhaps one acts as the main load balancer?? If someone can point me in the right direction, or if this simply sounds like one of those Enterprise Cloud's that is now a default setup in Ubuntu Server 9.10+, then I'll go down that route. Cheers in advance. Andy

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• setting up subdomain wildcard: configured A record, VirtualHost... still does not work

  - by user80314

  Running Apache on CentOS, trying to setup wildcard subdomains, basically I want .mydomain.com to point to mydomain.com With cPanel I added *.mydomain.com With WHM I made sure that A record is pointing to the right IP. I set my A record: * 14400 IN X.x.x.x My httpd.conf: ServerName _wildcard_.mydomain.com ServerAlias *.mydomain.com DocumentRoot /home/mydomain/public_html ServerAdmin [email protected] UseCanonicalName Off ## User userdomain# Needed for Cpanel::ApacheConf UserDir enabled userdomain <IfModule mod_suphp.c> suPHP_UserGroup userdomain userdomain </IfModule> <IfModule !mod_disable_suexec.c> <IfModule !mod_ruid2.c> SuexecUserGroup usergrdomain userdomain </IfModule> </IfModule> <IfModule mod_ruid2.c> RUidGid userdomain userdomain </IfModule> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/mydomain/public_html/cgi-bin/ # To customize this VirtualHost use an include file at the following location # Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/mydomain/wildcard_safe.mydomain.com/*.conf" I have my VirtualHost in httpd.conf set to point to domain root. Restarted Apache, server, dns, still nothing. I have spent hours researching this, followed instructions, set everything correctly. What am I missing?

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• How to backup a NAS drive to a USB drive?

  - by Tim Murphy

  How would you backup 600+ GB of data on a NAS (Network-Attached Storage) drive to a USB external drive? The NAS drive does not contain mission critical data nonetheless I wish to make weekly copies of it just in case. The NAS drive is almost exclusively used as an archive dump and is rarely updated. However the backup strategy used must have a simple restore procedure so I can confidently say the data now on the NAS drive is exactly how it was at the time of backup. I did try xcopy but seemed like it would take many-many hours and eventually crashed with insufficient memory. http://www.ctunion.com/node/114 suggests I would need to use xxcopy instead due to folder/file name lengths. My concern with xcopy/xxcopy is the length of time it takes. Hoping something else is faster. NAS drive is DLink DNS-313. 1TB drive installed. Connected to router via Ethernet cable. USB drive is Seagate 1TB. Can be connected to Windows Vista (preferred) or Windows 7 PCs. Both PCs are usually connected Wirelessly however ethernet cable can be used during backup to speed up the process.

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• Set up linux box for secure local hosting a-z

  - by microchasm

  I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms Virtualhosts In the rssh section above I added a user to use for SFTP. In this users' home directory, I created a folder called 'https'. This is where the documents for this site will live, so I need to add a virtualhost that will point to it. I will use the above virtual interface for this site (herein called dev.site.local). vi /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf Add the following to the end of httpd.conf: <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> I put a dummy index.html file in the https directory just to check everything out. I tried browsing to it, and was met with permission denied errors. The logs only gave an obscure reference to what was going on: [Mon May 17 14:57:11 2010] [error] [client 192.168.1.100] (13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied I tried chmod 777 et. al., but to no avail. Turns out, I needed to chmod+x the https directory and its' parent directories. chmod +x /home chmod +x /home/dev chmod +x /home/dev/https This solved that problem. DNS I'm handling DNS via our local Windows Server 2003 box. However, the CentOS documentation for BIND can be found here: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/ch-bind.html SSL To get SSL working, I changed the following in httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 #make sure this line is in httpd.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> #change port to 443 ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, I keep getting (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) errors when trying to access a page with SSL. As JamesHannah gracefully pointed out below, I had not set up the locations of the certs in httpd.conf, and thusly was getting the page thrown at the broswer as the cert making the browser balk. So first, I needed to set up a CA and make certificate files. I found a great (if old) walkthrough on the process here: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/284. Here are the relevant steps I took from that article: mkdir /home/CA cd /home/CA/ mkdir newcerts private echo '01' > serial touch index.txt #this and the above command are for the database that will keep track of certs Create an openssl.cnf file in the /home/CA/ dir and edit it per the walkthrough linked above. (For reference, my finished openssl.cnf file looked like this: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=hnZDij4T) openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf #this creates the cacert.pem which gets distributed and imported to the browser(s) Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl req -new -nodes -out dev.req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf #generates certificate request, and key.pem which I renamed dev.key.pem. Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl ca -out dev.cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles dev.req.pem #create and sign certificate. cp dev.cert.pem /home/dev/certs/cert.pem cp dev.key.pem /home/certs/key.pem I updated httpd.conf to reflect the certs and turn SSLEngine on: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/dev/certs/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/dev/certs/key.pem ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Put the CA cert.pem in a web-accessible place, and downloaded/imported it into my browser. Now I can visit https://dev.site.local with no errors or warnings. And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to configure SSL email would be appreciated.

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• Mac Mini's internet very slow, every other device fine (PC, iPhone, Xbox 360)

  - by alex

  I recently haven't used my Mac Mini for about 5 days (however it was left on). I seem to be able to connect and get great download / upload speeds through my PC, Xbox 360, iPhone and parents' laptop. However, my Mac Mini is very slow. OS X's Mail.app is downloading mail at 0.4kbps and then dropping to 0. Skype file transfers are doing the same. Browsing the net is a terrible experience. It is taking 30 seconds or more to download basic pages. All of my devices connect wirelessly to a Netgear router / modem. I have tried giving the Mac Mini a manual IP, and renew DHCP lease, as well as flush DNS in Terminal. I have also rebooted the router / modem twice, and the Mac Mini twice. Do you know what could be causing this? Thanks Update This is very weird. It is also very slow accessing localhost (setup through MAMP) and also slow to access the Netgear router config pages.

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• Static Network configuration with bridge in CentOS 6.2

  - by Kyle

  I have a server with CentOS 6.2 installed, I want to use it as a VM host to run some windows installations for development purposes. I wanted to be able to directly RDP and serve websites from IIS on these windows server installations, so I figured I would set it up as bridged networking. I have been struggling with this all morning, usually the result being that when I brought up the bridge interface all network connectivity to the CentOS would go away, however, I think I finally have that all figured out. However, here's what happens. The eth0 and br0 interfaces are defined in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts with ifcfg-eth0 and ifcfg-br0. I DO NOT have ifup or ifdown or any other files for these interfaces, I have not found if they are needed. I can login and use firefox to browse the web, however, running ifconfig reveals that my eth0 does not have an IPAddress, but the br0 does. I can actually RDP into the Windows installation, and browse the internet from there as well, but I cannot directly connect(via putty, vnc, nor viewing web pages) to the CentOS box. Any idea what's up? ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.1.20 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes BRIDGE=br0 ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=static DNS1=192.168.1.1 DNS2=8.8.8.8 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 IPADDR=192.168.1.2 NETMAS=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes I know some of the options are inconsistent (DNS and BOOTPROTO) because I tried changing those in the eth0 file to make it work, and the changes haven't adversly affected web browsing or the other functionality Thank you!

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• Sonicwall TZ210 - Set up public wifi on separate subnet & interface

  - by thomasjbarrett

  I want to set up a public wifi by connecting another router to the X6 interface, and put it on a separate subnet (192.168.10.0/24) & in the DMZ Zone to keep it away from the regular LAN. I believe I have the network settings correct: the router has acquired the IP and DNS information from the TZ210, and the TZ210 shows it as an active DHCP lease. X6 is in the DMZ. I now have a routing/NAT/firewall problem, since I can't get any traffic to travel from the subnet to the internet. I can't get to any external websites and can't ping the TZ210 from the subnet. X0 is the regular LAN, and X1 is the WAN. Looking for any tips or tutorials on this. Here's my current relevant rules: Routing Source: X6 Subnet Destination: Any Service: Any Gateway: Default Gateway Interface: X6 Source: Any Destination: X6 Subnet Service: Any Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Interface: X6 NAT Policies Source Original: Any Translated: WAN IP Destination Original: Any Translated: Original Inbound: X6 Outbound: X1 Source Original: Any Translated: U0 IP Destination Original: Any Translated: Original Inbound: X6 Outbound: U0 Firewall DMZ LAN : Deny All DMZ WAN : Allow All LAN DMZ : Allow All WAN DMZ : Allow All

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• Finding ALL currently used IP addresses of Website

  - by Patrick R

  What steps would you take to discover all (or close to all) IP addresses that are currently used by a website? How would you be as exhaustive as possible without calling a website admin and asking for the list of IP addresses? ;) nslookup works but will vary based on dns server queried. whois is another good tool. Dig, not bad. Let's use Facebook for example. I'm blocking that site for the majority our our company's users, but some are approved for "research". I can not easily use OpenDNS because we all appear to come from the same request IP address. I could change that but don't want to add more vlans than I already have. I also could use block something like regex facebook1 "facebook\.com" (I'm running a cisco firewall) but that's pretty easy to sidestep. All that being said, I'm asking about specifically about finding ip addresses for a domain and not for other methods that I can block a domain name.

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• CentOS 5.5 remote kickstart installation stalls at "Starting install process." How to debug?

  - by ewwhite

  Hello, I'm having a difficult time with a remote CentOS 5.5 kickstart installation on an HP ProLiant DL360 G6. This is in an environment where I maintain an internal CentOS yum repository. The kickstart installation and post scripts have been tested and normally work. This hardware is also common in this environment, so I do not believe that it is a factor. Unfortunately, I'm having problems with a specific server install. The system is remote to the yum repository at a distance of 500 miles. They are connected over a private low-latency 100-megabit layer 2 connection (26ms round-trip). I'm mounting the 10mb CentOS 5 netinstall ISO image via an HP ILO remote console. The initial boot parameters are: linux ks=http://yum.abctrading.com/prop.cfg ksdevice=eth0 ip=x.x.x.x dns=x.x.x.x netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=x.x.x.x I'm using the url --url http://ks.abctrading.com/5.5/os/x86_64/ method of installation. This quickly boots into the anaconda installer, pulls the kickstart config and formats the drives. The process eventually halts at the screen below, reading "Starting install process.". Going to the other virtual consoles give the second image below. The process stalls at this point and cannot proceed with the rest of the installation. Running the same kickstart config locally works just fine. I've tried mounting the boot ISO from the console as well as from the ILO2 command line pointing to a locally-hosted boot ISO via http. How can I debug this? Are there any options I've overlooked?

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• How to configure multiple virtual hosts for multiple users on Linux/Apache2.2

  - by authentictech

  I want to set up a virtual hosting server on Linux/Apache2.2 that allows multiple users to set up multiple website domains as would be appropriate for commercial shared hosting. I have seen examples (from my then perspective as a shared hosting customer) that allow users to store their web files in their user home directory with directories to correspond to the virtual host domain, e.g.: /home/user1/www/example1.com /home/user2/www/example2.com instead of using /var/www Questions: How would you configure this in your Apache configuration files? (Don't worry about DNS) Is this the best way to manage multiple virtual hosts? Are there others? What safety or security issues do you think I should be aware of in doing this? Many thanks, folks. Edit: If you want to only answer question 1, please feel free, as that is the most urgent to me at this moment and I would consider that an answer to the question. I have done it for myself since posting, but I am not confident that it's the best solution and I would like to know how an experienced sysadmin would do it. Thanks.

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• Iptables Forwarding problem

  - by ankit

  Hi all, I had initally asked question about sertting up my linux box for natting for my home network and was given suggestions in the thread here. Did not want to clutter the old question so starting a new one here. based on the earlier suggestions, i have come up with the following rules ... :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:48] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:860] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:228] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [3:228] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT DROP [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT If you notice, i do have the proper MASQURADING rule and the proper FORWARD filter rule as well. However i am facing 2 problems On the linux box itself DNS resolving is not working the lan clients connected to the linux box, are still not able to get to internet. when i ping something from them, i see the DROP count in iptables INPUT rule increasing. now my question is, when i am pinging something from the lan client, how come it is being matched by the input chain ?! should it be in the forward chain ? Chain INPUT (policy DROP 20 packets, 2314 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 99 9891 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 122 9092 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh Thanks ankit

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• tomcat start service NoClassDefFoundError?

  - by mobibob

  I am trying to redeploy my server on a new server with a different DNS and IP address. Therefore, I think my problem is in the configuration to find JAR files. Is there a way to get more detail as to which class is being requested so I can narrow down my problem. Does anyone have any suggested troubleshooting guidance for such problem? BTW - the configuration was working on the original server, and I tried to find all the locations in the files: conf/, worker.properties, server.xml, catalina.policy, web.xml. The jarkarta.log repeats the starting... error initializing ... forever. Very boring, therefore, the problem has to be fundamental. Apparently, the error message is recorded in the log across more than one line and would be this: Error occurred during initialization of VM java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:20:33] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:21:59] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:35:16] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError [2012-05-21 18:45:25] [info] : java/lang/Object [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Procrun (2.0.4.0) started [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Running Service... [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Starting service... [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] Error occurred during initialization of VM [2012-05-21 18:46:29] [info] java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError

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• Sluggish Windows SBS 2003

  - by TomWilsonFL

  One of my customers has a Windows 2003 Small Business Server which at this point is basically the DC, DNS, Fileserver and Symantec Protection Manager. I have disabled Exchange because I moved their mail to Google Apps. The server is extremely sluggish when doing anything. It is most noticeable when a dialog box is open (say the System properties), and you try to change tabs. This is usually instant, but on this machine can take 3-5 seconds. What additional services / packages can I uninstall from this machine knowing that it is only performing the above roles? Will removing the "Small Business Server" package in Add / Remove Programs get rid of a few unnecessary things? Any other thoughts? P.S. I know Symantec Endpoint and the Protection Manager are hogs, but I have nothing to replace the solution with at the moment. Thanks, Tom UPDATE: I looked over the different performance metrics, but nothing stood out as a problem. One of my friends mentioned Symantec's log and temp files can get quite huge and slow things down, so I ran CCleaner on the machine and found close to 3 GB of Symantec "stuff." Removed that and now the machine is MUCH better. I am still unsure why the data just sitting there would cause such a slowdown. The drive is not even near full. The only thing I can imagine is that Symantec must have to run through this stuff now and then.

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• Unable to Access Certain Websites

  - by codejoust

  Through a local network, all computers except one ubuntu machine can access 1. Adobe.com 2. Icann.org 3. Apache.org 4. Example.com. The ubuntu machine returns (in firefox): "Though the site seems valid, the browser was unable to establish a connection." Furthermore, when I traceroute those websites using the ubuntu machine, they all return ubuntu.local, and it ends there: (traceroute to icann.org (192.0.32.7), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 ubuntu.local (192.168.1.105) 3000.791 ms !H 3000.808 ms !H 3000.814 ms !H I've checked the hosts file, and there isn't anything in there, and I have an apache server there so if it was redirected to localhost, I'd probably see the localhost webroot page. Thanks in advance! user@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 The Ubuntu Machine is one of six on the network. I'm using opendns for dns, so I do think that should be a problem.

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• Is it possible/practical to install and run Linux on a USB flash drive?

  - by Graeme Donaldson

  I'm going to replace my old 2004 vintage desktop PC soon and I have an idea of what I want to do, I'm just not sure if it's possible or realistic. In the time since I built the old PC it has slowly become less used as a PC and more as a file server, so I figured I'd build a small file server which could also function as a router/DHCP/DNS/whatever box. The idea is to base it on an Atom system. I have my eye on the Intel D510MO for the moment. This supports 2 SATA disks, and I'd prefer to dedicate those to data storage. I'd like to install Ubuntu Server or maybe Debian on a 8/16GB USB flash drive. I have seen plenty of tutorials on how to perform an installation from a USB drive, but I can't seem to find any info on actually booting and running the OS from USB flash. Is this even possible? Is it practical? This box will mostly be used for: Making backups of mine and my wife's notebooks via LAN. Will use SMB or NFS for this. Digital media storage, which will be accessed by a Mede8er box with no storage of its own. I will most likely use NFS for this.

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• Host spreads wrong MAC Adress of router on the WIFI

  - by JavaIsMyIsland

  Strange things are going on our network. Since yesterday a host which is actually not on our subnet spreads wrong ARP Replys on our network. To be precise, only on the WIFI. If I connect my Laptop to the cable ethernet, it gets the right MAC adress of the router. Also my Android phone and my Ubuntu system do get the right MAC Adress. So I took a look at wireshark. When I clear the ARP cache of the windows machine, the first ARP response is correct and comes from the router. But like 10 ms later another ARP response comes from another host in the WIFI. The host changes its IP Adresses from time to time and they look like they are not on our subnet. So I can not use the internet because DNS is not working anymore. Sometimes the router wins the race condition and the mac adress is set correctly in the arp cache. I first thought, this is an arp-poisoning mitm attack but it does not make sense if the packets get not routed correctly?! I restarted the router but it didn't help. I have no access to the router, else I would change the shared key to make sure there is no intruder on the wifi.

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• network latency, TCP and UDP packets

  - by user115848

  Hello recently my network has started to cause me lots of problems. I have a cable modem, connected to a tp-link router (with some port forwarding). Everything was working fine then i started to get lots of udp (port 53) "UNREPLIED" logs in the router. Now there are tcp UNREPLIED logs too. This is causing lots of latency and failed connections when trying to connect to different internet sites. Also, we run an openfire server for spark connections, and I believe its causing connectivity issues for some users who are trying to connect using Spark (some people connect fine, others don't). Please see screen shot below for packet logs. It has to be something internally, as I connected straight to the comcast modem and i was able to connect to the internet and various sites as normal. I tried to swap out the router with a different and got the same issue. I scanned both my internal dns servers for viruses or malware and it came up empty. Another anomaly is that when i try to connect to www.cnn.com, i get redirected to the different site. I scanned my own machine for hijacks. Not sure if this is related to the networking issue. Please let me know if you have any ideas for troubleshooting.

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• why sendmail resolves to ISP domain?

  - by digital illusion

  I wish to setup a local mail server for debugging purposes using fedora 15 I set up sendmail, but there is a problem. When I'm not connected to the internet, the local mail server delivers correctly (to localhost). And in /var/log/mail I see that I correctly delivered a mail to [email protected]: Jun 21 18:24:56 PowersourceII sendmail[6019]: p5LGOttt006019: [email protected], size=328, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, relay=adriano@localhost Jun 21 18:24:56 PowersourceII sendmail[6020]: p5LGOuSV006020: from=<[email protected]>, size=506, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA, relay=PowersourceII.localdomain [127.0.0.1] Jun 21 18:24:56 PowersourceII sendmail[6019]: p5LGOttt006019: [email protected], [email protected] (500/500), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30328, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (p5LGOuSV006020 Message accepted for delivery) When I connect, networkmanager fills in /etc/resolv.conf with: domain fastwebnet.it search fastwebnet.it localdomain nameserver 62.101.93.101 nameserver 83.103.25.250 Now sendmail does not work any longer and tries to send messages to my ISP domain, as seen in the log: Jun 21 18:40:02 PowersourceII sendmail[6348]: p5LGe1LV006348: [email protected], [email protected] (500/500), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=relay, pri=30327, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (p5LGe10n006352 Message accepted for delivery) Jun 21 18:40:02 PowersourceII sendmail[6354]: p5LGe10n006352: to=<[email protected]>, delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=120651, relay=mx3.fastwebnet.it. [85.18.95.21], dsn=5.1.1, stat=User unknown As you can see, it tries to deliver a mail to [email protected], and fails The setup is working under other ISPs. How can I avoid the fastweb ISP DNS relay? Thank you

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