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  • UEFI Dual-Boot - Ubuntu 12.04.3 + Windows 8.1 (One GPT HDD)

    - by swafbrother
    UEFI Dual-Boot - Ubuntu 12.04.3 + Windows 8.1 (One GPT HDD) Hello, I'm having trouble setting up a dual-boot (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and Windows 8.1) in my ASUS K55VM laptop's hard drive disk (500 GB). I was mostly following tutorials for doing this, but at some point something has gone wrong. Up to now, I have followed these steps: I formatted my HDD into GPT. I clean-installed Windows 8.1. I didn't prevent Windows from choosing the partitions to use and it created these partitions: A Recovery partition (sda1). An EFI System Partition (sda2). A Microsoft Reserved Partition (sda3). A Windows Data Partition or C drive (sda4). I reduced the Windows Data Partition via Windows' Disk Management. I made a bootable USB Stick with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS from ISO, using Universal USB Installer. I created these partitions for Ubuntu: A Boot partition, mounted at /boot (sda5). A Root partition, mounted at / (sda6). A Swap partition (sda7). In Device for boot loader installation I chose: /dev/sda. Then, when I rebooted, it went straight into Ubuntu. So I installed Boot-Repair, and clicked on Recommended Repair. It automatically did its job without asking for anything. I rebooted and Grub showed up, with a lot of options. At this point I had a decent dual-boot setup; Ubuntu and both Windows entries worked fine: Ubuntu. Windows Boot UEFI Loader. Windows UEFI bkpbootmgfw.efi. I executed this command: sudo grub-install --force /dev/sda5. Then I tried to make Windows 8.1's Boot Manager the main boot manager, so that I could choose which OS to boot into from a menu. I downloaded EasyBCD on Windows. It showed 2 Ubuntu entries and 1 Windows entry. I went into BCD Deployment tab and clicked on Write MBR. At this point, I went into BIOS and made Windows Boot Manager the first boot option. When I rebooted, I got a black screen with the message efidisk read error, and then (I guess) it switched to the next boot option, which is Ubuntu, resulting in Grub showing up. From Grub, Ubuntu entry is working and so are both Windows entries. If I choose Ubuntu, it normally boots into Ubuntu. But if I choose Windows, it goes into Windows' boot manager. In Windows' boot manager, a menu shows up: Ubuntu. Ubuntu. Windows 8.1. If I choose Windows, it boots into Windows without any problem. If I choose Ubuntu, it boots into Grub (back to step 14). Here's my BootInfo Summary: http://paste.ubuntu.com/6698171/ Windows Boot Manager is clearly not working as expected; I can't directly boot into it and I can't boot into it from BIOS either (efidisk read error again). If I want to boot into Windows I need to boot into Grub first, which is the opposite of what I wanted. I need help at this point. What is the best thing I can do? Is there a more reliable and/or simpler way of acomplishing a satisfying dual-boot for this situation? Can someone provide a way for going back to step 8, where I had a more efficient dual-boot setup? If only I could undo what I did with Easy BCD and skip Windows' Boot Menu... Can someone provide a way to fix this mess? Thanks in advance and sorry for the length of this, I wanted to be exhaustive.

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  • Top 10 Linked Blogs of 2010

    - by Bill Graziano
    Each week I send out a SQL Server newsletter and include links to interesting blog posts.  I’ve linked to over 500 blog posts so far in 2010.  Late last year I started storing those links in a database so I could do a little reporting.  I tend to link to posts related to the OLTP engine.  I also try to link to the individual blogger in the group blogs.  Unfortunately that wasn’t possible for the SQLCAT and CSS blogs.  I also have a real weakness for posts related to PASS. These are the top 10 blogs that I linked to during the year ordered by the number of posts I linked to. Paul Randal – Paul writes extensively on the internals of the relational engine.  Lots of great posts around transactions, transaction log, disaster recovery, corruption, indexes and DBCC.  I also linked to many of his SQL Server myths posts. Glenn Berry – Glenn writes very interesting posts on how hardware affects SQL Server.  I especially like his posts on the various CPU platforms.  These aren’t necessarily topics that I’m searching for but I really enjoy reading them. The SQLCAT Team – This Microsoft team focuses on the largest and most interesting SQL Server installations.  The regularly publish white papers and best practices. SQL Server CSS Team – These are the top engineers from the Microsoft Customer Service and Support group.  These are the folks you finally talk to after your case has been escalated about 20 times.  They write about the interesting problems they find. Brent Ozar – The posts I linked to mostly focused on the relational engine: CPU, NUMA, SSD drives, performance monitoring, etc.  But Brent writes about a real variety of topics including blogging, social networking, speaking, the MCM, SQL Azure and anything else that seems to strike his fancy.  His posts are always well written and though provoking. Jeremiah Peschka – A number of Jeremiah’s posts weren’t about SQL Server.  He’s very active in the “NoSQL” area and I linked to a number of those posts.  I think it’s important for people to know what other technologies are out there. Brad McGehee – Brad writes about being a DBA including maintenance plans, DBA checklists, compression and audit. Thomas LaRock – I linked to a variety of posts from PBM to networking to 24 Hours of PASS to TDE.  Just a real variety of topics.  Tom always writes with an interesting style usually mixing in a movie theme and/or bacon. Aaron Bertrand – Many of my links this year were Denali features.  He also had a great series on bad habits to kick. Michael J. Swart – This last one surprised me.  There are some well known SQL Server bloggers below Michael on this list.  I linked to posts on indexes, hierarchies, transactions and I/O performance and a variety of other engine related posts.  All are interesting and well thought out.  Many of his non-SQL posts are also very good.  He seems to have an interest in puzzles and other brain teasers.  Michael, I won’t be surprised again!

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  • Oracle OpenWorld Update: Demo Pods and Hands-on Labs

    - by Doug Reid
    0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Less than one week away until the start of Oracle OpenWorld 2012 and the Data Integration Solutions team is ready to go!  We have an exciting line up for you this year which we have summarized for you in the Oracle OpenWorld Focus on Data Integration Solutions document. In past posts we have discussed session themes and our customer panel, but today I would like to summarize our Hands-on Labs and Demo Pods that we have available for attendees. For Oracle GoldenGate Hands-On Labs we have two labs that we are running this year. Deep Dive into Oracle GoldenGate Thursday October 4th at 11:15AM in the Marriott Marquis Salon 1/2 Oracle GoldenGate provides real-time log-based change data capture and delivery between heterogeneous systems. It enables cost-effective, low-impact, real-time data integration and continuous availability solutions. This session covers Oracle GoldenGate 11g’s internal product architecture and includes a hands-on lab that covers configuration examples for target database instantiation and real-time change data capture and delivery. The participants will configure Oracle GoldenGate to instantiate a secondary database that can be used for disaster recovery or a reporting instance. Come learn how easy it is to use and how this can be a very valuable and easy technology solution for your organization. Introduction to Oracle GoldenGate Veridata Wednesday October 3rd 10:15AM in the Marriott Marquis Sales 1/2 Oracle GoldenGate Veridata compares one set of data with another and identifies data that is out of synchronization. In this hands-on lab, you will be introduced to the key features of this product. Using the Oracle GoldenGate Veridata Web client, you will have the opportunity to configure comparison objects and rules, initiate a comparison, review the status and output of a comparison, and review out-of-sync data. As a bonus this year, we have recorded the labs and made them available on youtube.com/oraclegoldengate. These will be available the day of the labs. Our demo pods are an opportunity for attendees to see our products but more so to meet the product management and development teams. I would like to point out that we have two Oracle GoldenGate 11gR2 demo pods, one in the database camp and the other in the middleware camp. The one in the middleware camp will be focused on all platforms while the one in the database camp will have a focus on the Oracle platform. The other two I would like to point out are the Monitoring Oracle GoldenGate and the Oracle Enterprise Manager demo pods; both of these pods will focus on methods to monitor GoldenGate but the OEM demo pod will have a specific focus on the Oracle GoldenGate Management Pack plug-in for OEM. Below is a list of our demo pods and their locations. Monitoring Oracle GoldenGate for End-to-End Visibility Moscone South, Right - S-241 Oracle Data Integrator and Oracle GoldenGate for Oracle Applications Moscone South, Right - S-240 Oracle GoldenGate 11gR2 New Features Moscone South, Right - S-239 Oracle GoldenGate 11gR2: Real-Time, Transactional Database Replication     Moscone South, Left - S-027 Oracle GoldenGate Veridata and Adapters Moscone South, Right - S-242 Oracle Enterprise Manager Moscone South, Left - S-040 Keep tuned to our blog during the show for news and highlights from the Data Integration Solutions team. See you there.

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  • 65536% Autogrowth!

    - by Tara Kizer
    Twice a year, we move our production systems to our disaster recovery site.  Last Saturday night was one of those days.  There are about 50 SQL Server databases to be moved to the DR site, which is done via database mirroring.  It takes only a few seconds to failover, but some databases have a bit more involved work such as setting up replication.  Everything went relatively smooth, but we encountered a weird bug on our most mission critical system.  After everything was successfully failed over to the DR site, it was noticed that mirroring was in a suspended state on one of the databases.  We thought we had run into a SQL Server 2005 bug that we had been encountering and were working with Microsoft on a fix.  Microsoft did fix it in both SQL Server 2005 service pack 3 cumulative update package 13 and service pack 4 cumulative update package 2, however SP3 CU13 and SP4 both recently failed on this system so we were not patched yet with the bug fix.  As the suspended state was causing us issues with replication, we dropped mirroring.  We then noticed we had 10MB of free disk space on the mount point where the principal’s data files are stored.  I knew something went amiss as this system should have at least 150GB free on that mount point.  I immediately checked the main database’s data file and was shocked to see an autgrowth size of 65536%.  The data file autogrew right before mirroring went into the suspended state. 65536%! I didn’t have a lot of time to research if this autgrowth problem was a known SQL Server bug, so I deferred that research to today.  A quick Google search yielded no results but emphasis on “quick”.  I checked our performance system, which was recently restored with a copy of the affected production database, and found the autogrowth setting to be 512MB.  So this autogrowth bug was encountered sometime in the last two weeks.  On February 26th, we had attempted to install SQL 2005 SP4 on production, however it had failed (PSS case open with Microsoft).  I suspected that the SP4 failure was somehow related to this autgrowth bug although that turned out not to be the case. I then tweeted (@TaraKizer) about this problem to see if the SQL Server community (#sqlhelp) had any insights.  It seems several people have either heard of this bug or encountered it.  Aaron Bertrand (blog|twitter) referred me to this Connect item. Our affected database originated on SQL Server 2000 and was upgraded to SQL Server 2005 in 2007.  Back on SQL Server 2000, we were using the default file growth setting which was a percentage.  Sometime after the 2005 upgrade is when we changed it to 512MB.  Our situation seemed to fit the bug Aaron referred to me, so now the question was whether Microsoft had fixed it yet. I received a reply to my tweet from Amit Banerjee (twitter) that it had been fixed in SP3 CU1 (KB958004).  My affected system is SP3 CU8, so I was initially confused why we had encountered the bug.  Because I don’t read things fully, I had missed that there are additional steps you have to follow after applying the bug fix.  Amit set me straight.  Although you can read this information in the KB article, I will also copy it here in case you are as lazy as me and miss the most important section of it (although if you are as lazy as me, you won’t have read this far down my blog post): This hotfix will prevent only future occurrences of this problem. For example, if you restore a database from SQL Server 2000 to a SQL Server 2005 instance that contains this hotfix, this problem will not occur. However, if you already have a database that is affected by this problem, you must follow these steps to resolve this problem manually: Apply this hotfix. Set the file growth settings for the affected files to percentage settings, and then set the settings back to megabyte settings. Take the database offline, and then bring it back online. Verify that the values of the is_percent_growth column are correct in the sys.database_files system table and in the sys.master_files system table.

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  • Nec USB 3.0 controller drops connection - Ubuntu 12.04.1

    - by Tom
    I have some serious problems with Technaxx pci-e 302p card. It has uPD720200a NEC chip with 4020 firmware. BIOS recognises it. Sometimes it recognises devices and system mounts them and are functional for few minutes, other times they can't be mount and error occours. After fresh install card worked fine, but after kernel and firmware update it behaves as mentioned. Outputs: uname -a Linux asd-GA-MA770-UD3 3.2.0-30-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 24 16:52:48 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux lspci -vvv USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04) (prog-if 30 [XHCI]) Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17 Region 0: Memory at fd8fe000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 009 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 07d1:3c0a D-Link System DWA-140 RangeBooster N Adapter(rev.B2) [Ralink RT3072] Bus 005 Device 004: ID 1997:1221 Bus 005 Device 003: ID 15c2:003c SoundGraph Inc. lsmod Module Size Used by nls_iso8859_1 12713 0 nls_cp437 16991 0 vfat 17585 0 fat 61512 1 vfat vesafb 13844 1 saa7134_alsa 18602 1 rfcomm 47604 0 bnep 18281 2 bluetooth 180104 10 rfcomm,bnep tda827x 18182 1 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 1 ir_lirc_codec 12859 0 lirc_dev 19204 1 ir_lirc_codec tda8290 22616 1 arc4 12529 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek 224173 1 ir_mce_kbd_decoder 12777 0 ir_sony_decoder 12510 0 ir_jvc_decoder 12507 0 tuner 27428 1 ir_rc6_decoder 12507 0 snd_hda_intel 33773 5 rt2800usb 22684 0 rt2800lib 58925 1 rt2800usb crc_ccitt 12667 1 rt2800lib rt2x00usb 20762 1 rt2800usb rt2x00lib 51144 3 rt2800usb,rt2800lib,rt2x00usb mac80211 506816 3 rt2800lib,rt2x00usb,rt2x00lib ir_rc5_decoder 12507 0 rc_avermedia_m135a 12526 0 rc_imon_pad 12505 0 ir_nec_decoder 12507 0 cfg80211 205544 2 rt2x00lib,mac80211 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_ctxfi 111202 2 snd_hwdep 13668 1 snd_hda_codec imon 32839 0 snd_pcm 97188 5 saa7134_alsa,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_ctxfi snd_seq_midi 13324 0 saa7134 181851 1 saa7134_alsa videobuf_dma_sg 19354 2 saa7134_alsa,saa7134 snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi joydev 17693 0 rc_core 26412 13 ir_lirc_codec,ir_mce_kbd_decoder,ir_sony_decoder,ir_jvc_decoder,ir_rc6_decoder,ir_rc5_decoder,rc_avermedia_m135a,rc_imon_pad,ir_nec_decoder,imon,saa7134 snd_seq 61896 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event fglrx 3263886 101 videobuf_core 26390 2 saa7134,videobuf_dma_sg v4l2_common 16454 2 tuner,saa7134 videodev 98259 3 tuner,saa7134,v4l2_common sp5100_tco 13791 0 snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 78855 28 saa7134_alsa,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_ctxfi,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device v4l2_compat_ioctl32 17128 1 videodev tveeprom 21249 1 saa7134 i2c_piix4 13301 0 soundcore 15091 1 snd edac_core 53746 0 serio_raw 13211 0 snd_page_alloc 18529 3 snd_hda_intel,snd_ctxfi,snd_pcm edac_mce_amd 23709 0 wmi 19256 0 mac_hid 13253 0 ppdev 17113 0 parport_pc 32866 1 k10temp 13166 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp usb_storage 49198 0 uas 18180 0 usbhid 47199 0 hid 99559 1 usbhid firewire_ohci 41000 0 firewire_core 63558 1 firewire_ohci crc_itu_t 12707 1 firewire_core floppy 70365 0 pata_atiixp 13204 2 r8169 62099 0 dmesg | tail after plugging to usb 3.0 port [ 834.871296] sd 9:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device [ 834.871308] sd 9:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device [ 834.871319] sd 9:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device [ 834.871330] sd 9:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device [ 834.871530] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Unhandled error code [ 834.871536] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 834.871545] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 0e 8e 48 0a 00 00 3e 00 [ 834.871564] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 244205578 [ 834.875497] sd 8:0:0:1: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery [ 834.885339] usb 9-2: USB disconnect, device number 2 Are there any other outputs need for answering? I'll post them ASAP. I could of course reject updating the system but I think it's halfway solution. Any help appreciated. BTW USB 2.0 and 1.1 ports run well, card itself runs under win7 as charm. Tom

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  • Community Branching

    - by Dane Morgridge
    As some may have noticed, I have taken a liking to Ruby (and Rails in particular) quite a bit recently. This last weekend I spoke at the NYC Code Camp on a comparison of ASP.NET and Rails as well as an intro to Entity Framework talk.  I am speaking at RubyNation in April and have submitted to other ruby conferences around the area and I am also doing a Rails and MongoDB talk at the Philly Code Camp in April. Before you start to think this is my "I'm leaving .NET post", which it isn't so I need to clarify. I am not, nor do I intend to any time in the near future plan on abandoning .NET.  I am simply branching out into another community based on a development technology that I very much enjoy.  If you look at my twitter bio, you will see that I am into Entity Framework, Ruby on Rails, C++ and ASP.NET MVC, and not necessarily in that order.  I know you're probably thinking to your self that I am crazy, which is probably true on several levels (especially the C++ part). I was actually crazy enough at the NYC Code Camp to show up wearing a Linux t-shirt, presenting with my MacBook Pro on Entity Framework, ASP.NET MVC and Rails. (I did get pelted in the head with candy by Rachel Appel for it though) At all of the code camps I am submitting to this year, i will be submitting sessions on likely all four topics, and some sessions will be a combination of 2 or more.  For example, my "ASP.NET MVC: A Gateway To Rails?" talk touches ASP.NET MVC, Entity Framework Code First and Rails. Simply put (and I talk about this in my MVC & Rails talk) is that learning and using Rails has made me a better ASP.NET MVC developer. Just one example of this is helper methods.  When I started working with ASP.NET MVC, I didn't really want to use helpers and preferred to just use standard html tags, especially where links were concerned.  It was just me being stubborn and not really seeing all of the benefit of the helpers.  To my defense, coming from WebForms, I wanted to be as bare metal as possible and it seemed at first like a lot of the helpers were an unnecessary abstraction. I took my first look at Rails back in v1 and didn't spend very much time with it so I dismissed it and went on my merry ASP.NET WebForms way.  Then I picked up ASP.NET MVC and grasped the MVC pattern itself much better. After this, I took another look at Rails and everything made sense.  I decided then to learn Rails. (I think it is important for developers to learn new languages and platforms regularly so it was a natural progression for me) I wanted to learn it the right way, so when I dug into code, everyone used helpers everywhere for pretty much everything possible. I took some time to dig in and found out how helpful they were and subsequently realized how awesome they were in ASP.NET MVC also and started using them. In short, I love Rails (and Ruby in general).  I also love ASP.NET MVC and Entity Framework and yes I still love C++.  I have varying degrees of love for them individually at any given moment and it is likely to shift based on the current project I am working on.  I know you're thinking it so before you ask the question. "Which do I use when?", I'm going to give the standard developer answer of: It depends.  There are a lot of factors that I am not going to even go into that would go into a decision.  The most basic question I would ask though is,  does this project depend on .NET?  If it does, then I'd say that ASP.NET MVC is probably going to be the more logical choice and I am going to leave it at that.  I am working on projects right now in both technologies and I don't see that changing anytime soon (one project even uses both). With all that being said, you'll find me at code camps, conferences and user groups presenting on .NET, Ruby or both, writing about .NET and Ruby and I will likely be blogging on both in the future.  I know of others that have successfully branched out to other communities and with any luck I'll be successful at it too. On a (sorta) side note, I read a post by Justin Etheredge the other day that pretty much sums up my feelings about Ruby as a language.  I highly recommend checking it out: What Is So Great About Ruby?

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  • Swap not available on System Monitor

    - by Zaki
    I had a swap partition of 1GB (RAM 1GB, Ubuntu 12.04 lts). Now swap is not shown on System Monitor neither can I hibernate my pc (sudo pm-hibernate). blkid output: /dev/sda1: UUID="B8B4FBB1B4FB706C" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="2ea7d608-2d89-4e41-9436-d05cb3ce8871" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: UUID="3219d03a-67e4-454b-8ce7-a27831846e35" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: LABEL="Softwares" UUID="AC1CC3301CC2F47C" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: LABEL="Education" UUID="1E103E6C103E4B53" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda7: LABEL="Recreation" UUID="2CC8D181C8D149AA" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda8: LABEL="Miscellaneous" UUID="0274D6B174D6A727" TYPE="ntfs" /etc/fstab # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=3219d03a-67e4-454b-8ce7-a27831846e35 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=2ea7d608-2d89-4e41-9436-d05cb3ce8871 none swap sw 0 0 free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 991 867 123 0 27 418 -/+ buffers/cache: 421 569 Swap: 0 0 0 cat /proc/swaps Filename Type Size Used Priority fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x9f369f36 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 31471334 15735636 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 31471616 33470447 999416 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 33472512 62539775 14533632 83 Linux /dev/sda4 62541045 312592769 125025862+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 62541108 125066024 31262458+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 125066088 187591004 31262458+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 187591068 250115984 31262458+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda8 250116048 312576704 31230328+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT swapon --all swapon: /dev/sda2: swapon failed: Invalid argument dmesg | grep -A 5 -B 5 -i swap [ 9.487404] EXT4-fs (sda3): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 131645 [ 9.487413] EXT4-fs (sda3): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 131330 [ 9.487418] EXT4-fs (sda3): 16 orphan inodes deleted [ 9.487420] EXT4-fs (sda3): recovery complete [ 9.578600] EXT4-fs (sda3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 20.580539] Swap area shorter than signature indicates [ 20.588363] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 20.619443] udevd[330]: starting version 175 [ 20.649959] lp: driver loaded but no devices found [ 20.662972] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [ 20.675515] i915 0000:00:02.0: setting latency timer to 64 -- [ 72.288573] PM: thaw of drv:sr dev:3:0:0:0 complete after 178.143 msecs [ 72.288578] PM: thaw of drv:scsi_device dev:3:0:0:0 complete after 178.136 msecs [ 72.299677] PM: thaw of drv:scsi_device dev:2:0:0:0 complete after 189.270 msecs [ 72.309473] PM: thaw of devices complete after 202.763 msecs [ 72.309668] PM: writing image. [ 72.309670] PM: Cannot find swap device, try swapon -a. [ 72.309699] PM: Cannot get swap writer [ 72.329896] Restarting tasks ... done. [ 72.331777] PM: Basic memory bitmaps freed [ 72.331792] video LNXVIDEO:00: Restoring backlight state [ 72.420048] option1 ttyUSB0: option_instat_callback: error -84 [ 72.804047] option1 ttyUSB0: option_instat_callback: error -84 -- [ 145.960625] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 145.972036] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 172.430508] PPP BSD Compression module registered [ 172.455583] PPP Deflate Compression module registered [ 332.260789] type=1400 audit(1381814763.342:27): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" pid=636 comm="cupsd" pid=636 comm="cupsd" capability=36 capname="block_suspend" [ 1913.030998] Swap area shorter than signature indicates [ 2022.530155] type=1400 audit(1381816453.610:28): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" pid=636 comm="cupsd" pid=636 comm="cupsd" capability=36 capname="block_suspend" [ 4062.729509] Swap area shorter than signature indicates Please help. Thanks in advance. df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 14G 6.1G 7.0G 47% / udev 488M 4.0K 488M 1% /dev tmpfs 199M 868K 198M 1% /run none 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none 496M 224K 496M 1% /run/shm

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  • How the number of indexes built on a table can impact performances?

    - by Davide Mauri
    We all know that putting too many indexes (I’m talking of non-clustered index only, of course) on table may produce performance problems due to the overhead that each index bring to all insert/update/delete operations on that table. But how much? I mean, we all agree – I think – that, generally speaking, having many indexes on a table is “bad”. But how bad it can be? How much the performance will degrade? And on a concurrent system how much this situation can also hurts SELECT performances? If SQL Server take more time to update a row on a table due to the amount of indexes it also has to update, this also means that locks will be held for more time, slowing down the perceived performance of all queries involved. I was quite curious to measure this, also because when teaching it’s by far more impressive and effective to show to attended a chart with the measured impact, so that they can really “feel” what it means! To do the tests, I’ve create a script that creates a table (that has a clustered index on the primary key which is an identity column) , loads 1000 rows into the table (inserting 1000 row using only one insert, instead of issuing 1000 insert of one row, in order to minimize the overhead needed to handle the transaction, that would have otherwise ), and measures the time taken to do it. The process is then repeated 16 times, each time adding a new index on the table, using columns from table in a round-robin fashion. Test are done against different row sizes, so that it’s possible to check if performance changes depending on row size. The result are interesting, although expected. This is the chart showing how much time it takes to insert 1000 on a table that has from 0 to 16 non-clustered indexes. Each test has been run 20 times in order to have an average value. The value has been cleaned from outliers value due to unpredictable performance fluctuations due to machine activity. The test shows that in a  table with a row size of 80 bytes, 1000 rows can be inserted in 9,05 msec if no indexes are present on the table, and the value grows up to 88 (!!!) msec when you have 16 indexes on it This means a impact on performance of 975%. That’s *huge*! Now, what happens if we have a bigger row size? Say that we have a table with a row size of 1520 byte. Here’s the data, from 0 to 16 indexes on that table: In this case we need near 22 msec to insert 1000 in a table with no indexes, but we need more that 500msec if the table has 16 active indexes! Now we’re talking of a 2410% impact on performance! Now we can have a tangible idea of what’s the impact of having (too?) many indexes on a table and also how the size of a row also impact performances. That’s why the golden rule of OLTP databases “few indexes, but good” is so true! (And in fact last week I saw a database with tables with 1700bytes row size and 23 (!!!) indexes on them!) This also means that a too heavy denormalization is really not a good idea (we’re always talking about OLTP systems, keep it in mind), since the performance get worse with the increase of the row size. So, be careful out there, and keep in mind the “equilibrium” is the key world of a database professional: equilibrium between read and write performance, between normalization and denormalization, between to few and too may indexes. PS Tests are done on a VMWare Workstation 7 VM with 2 CPU and 4 GB of Memory. Host machine is a Dell Precsioni M6500 with i7 Extreme X920 Quad-Core HT 2.0Ghz and 16Gb of RAM. Database is stored on a SSD Intel X-25E Drive, Simple Recovery Model, running on SQL Server 2008 R2. If you also want to to tests on your own, you can download the test script here: Open TestIndexPerformance.sql

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  • Unable to keep the connecting using a wireless bridge

    - by dan
    I am running Ubuntu 12.04 on a dell inspiron desktop (core 2 duo) and am using wicd to manage my network/wifi. I've found that the WiFi card in the machine has trouble staying connected to my router (I believe this is a function of distance between the two), so I've taken an old Belkin F5d7231 wireless router and installed dd-wrt on it to use as a wireless bridge hoping that it will have better reception. I think everything up through the wireless bridge is working OK since I have no problems accessing the internet through it with my MacBook. The problem arises when I try to hook the ubuntu machine up to the wireless bridge. It will connect for a few minutes, but it will quickly disconnect without clear triggering event; it may be more likely to disconnect if there is a heavy traffic load going over it (could be something as simple as "cat big_text_file" in an ssh session). I've tried switching from dhclient to dhcpcd without much improvement. Here is the output from the syslog when it connects: Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28278]: wlan1: dhcpcd not running Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28278]: wlan1: exiting Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28312]: eth0: dhcpcd not running Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28312]: eth0: exiting Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Interface eth0.IPv6 no longer relevant for mDNS. Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv6 with address fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83. Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Withdrawing address record for fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83 on eth0. Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu kernel: [15184.976127] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: irq 44 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu kernel: [15185.010805] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28347]: eth0: dhcpcd not running Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28347]: eth0: exiting Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu kernel: [15185.180156] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: irq 44 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 30 17:10:08 Chicabuntu kernel: [15185.212785] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready Jun 30 17:10:10 Chicabuntu kernel: [15187.027445] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex Jun 30 17:10:10 Chicabuntu kernel: [15187.027452] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX Jun 30 17:10:10 Chicabuntu kernel: [15187.028300] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready Jun 30 17:10:10 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: dhcpcd 3.2.3 starting Jun 30 17:10:10 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: hardware address = 00:1c:c4:31:1a:83 Jun 30 17:10:10 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: DUID = 00:01:00:01:17:81:85:79:00:1c:c4:31:1a:83 Jun 30 17:10:10 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: broadcasting for a lease Jun 30 17:10:11 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv6 with address fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83. Jun 30 17:10:11 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: New relevant interface eth0.IPv6 for mDNS. Jun 30 17:10:11 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Registering new address record for fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83 on eth0.*. Jun 30 17:10:20 Chicabuntu kernel: [15197.568016] eth0: no IPv6 routers present Jun 30 17:10:29 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: offered 192.168.1.111 from 192.168.1.254 Jun 30 17:10:29 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: checking 192.168.1.111 is available on attached networks Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: leased 192.168.1.111 for 86400 seconds Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: adding IP address 192.168.1.111/24 Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.111. Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: adding default route via 192.168.1.254 metric 0 Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28353]: eth0: exiting Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: New relevant interface eth0.IPv4 for mDNS. Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.111 on eth0.IPv4. Jun 30 17:10:30 Chicabuntu dhcpcd.sh: interface eth0 has been configured with new IP=192.168.1.111 Jun 30 17:10:39 Chicabuntu ntpdate[28439]: adjust time server 91.189.94.4 offset 0.001915 sec And here is the syslog from when it shuts down the connection without reason: Jun 30 17:12:15 Chicabuntu kernel: [15312.575455] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: eth0: Link is down Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28603]: eth0: sending signal 1 to pid 28361 Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28361]: eth0: received SIGHUP, releasing lease Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28603]: eth0: exiting Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.1.111 on eth0. Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.111. Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Interface eth0.IPv4 no longer relevant for mDNS. Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28361]: eth0: removing default route via 192.168.1.254 metric 0 Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Interface eth0.IPv6 no longer relevant for mDNS. Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv6 with address fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83. Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Withdrawing address record for fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83 on eth0. Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28361]: eth0: netlink: No such process Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28361]: eth0: removing IP address 192.168.1.111/24 Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28361]: eth0: netlink: Cannot assign requested address Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28361]: eth0: exiting Jun 30 17:12:16 Chicabuntu dhcpcd.sh: interface eth0 has been brought down Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu kernel: [15313.612141] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: irq 44 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu kernel: [15313.644703] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28674]: wlan1: dhcpcd not running Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28674]: wlan1: exiting Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28708]: eth0: dhcpcd not running Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu dhcpcd[28708]: eth0: exiting Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu kernel: [15313.912147] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: irq 44 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 30 17:12:17 Chicabuntu kernel: [15313.944746] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready Jun 30 17:12:18 Chicabuntu kernel: [15315.592569] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex Jun 30 17:12:18 Chicabuntu kernel: [15315.592576] tg3 0000:3f:00.0: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX Jun 30 17:12:18 Chicabuntu kernel: [15315.593399] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready Jun 30 17:12:20 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv6 with address fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83. Jun 30 17:12:20 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: New relevant interface eth0.IPv6 for mDNS. Jun 30 17:12:20 Chicabuntu avahi-daemon[1041]: Registering new address record for fe80::21c:c4ff:fe31:1a83 on eth0.*. Jun 30 17:12:29 Chicabuntu kernel: [15325.680019] eth0: no IPv6 routers present If this isn't useful, I can also post the wicd log, but that is kind of long. If anyone could help me I would be eternally grateful.

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  • Cloud Backup: Getting the Users' Backs Up

    - by Tony Davis
    On Wednesday last week, Microsoft announced that as of July 1, all data transfers into its Microsoft Azure cloud will be free (though you have to pay for transferring data out). On Thursday last week, SQL Azure in Western Europe went down. It was a relatively short outage, but since SQL Azure currently provides no easy way to take a standard backup of a database and store it locally, many people had no recourse but to wait patiently for their cloud-based app to resume. It seems that Microsoft are very keen encourage developers to move their data onto their cloud, but are developers ready to do it, given that such basic backup capabilities are lacking? Recently on Simple-Talk, Mike Mooney described a perfect use case for the Microsoft Cloud. They had a simple web-based application with a SQL Server backend; they could move the application to Windows Azure, and the data into SQL Azure and in the process free themselves from much of the hassle surrounding management and scaling of the hardware, network and so on. It was a great fit and yet it nearly didn't happen; lack of support for the BACKUP command almost proved a show-stopper. Of course, backups of Azure databases are always and have always been taken automatically, for disaster recovery purposes, but these are strictly on-cloud copies and as of now it is not possible to use them to them to restore a database to a particular point in time. It seems that none of those clever Microsoft people managed to predict the need to perform basic backups of Azure databases so that copies could be stored locally, outside the Azure universe. At the very least, as Mike points out, performing a local backup before a new deployment is more or less mandatory. Microsoft did at least note the sound of gnashing teeth and, as a stop-gap measure, offered SQL Azure Database Copy which basically allows you to create an online clone of your database, but this doesn't allow for storing local archives of the data. To that end MS has provided SQL Azure Import/Export, to package up and export a database and its data, using BACPACs. These BACPACs do not guarantee transactional consistency; for example, if a child table is modified after the parent is copied, then the copied database will be in inconsistent state (meaning, to add to the fun, BACPACs need to be created from a database copy). In any event, widespread problems with BACPAC's evil cousin, the DACPAC have been well-documented, and it seems likely that many will also give BACPAC the bum's rush. Finally, in a TechEd 2011 presentation tagged "SQL Azure Advanced Administration", it was announced that "backup and restore" were coming in the next SQL Azure CTP. And yet this still doesn't mean that we'll get simple backups as DBAs know and love them. What it does mean, at least, is the ability to restore any given database to a point in time within a 2-week window. For the time being, if you want a local copy of your data and don't want to brave the BACPAC, one is left with SSIS or BCP, creative use of schema and data comparison tools, or use of SQL Azure Backup (currently in beta) in order to perform this simple but vital task. Cheers, Tony.

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  • Ubuntu 10.04 and fedora 14 grub conflict

    - by sawren
    I tried to triple boot Windows xp, Fedora 14 and Ubuntu 10.04. I first installed Windows xp, then fedora followed by Ubuntu. The problem is that i don't get option to boot Ubuntu while Xp boots fine. It seems Ubuntu was unable to replace Fedora's grub with its own at MBR. Looking at their grub conf file, Fedora and Ubuntu identifies same harddisk as two different devices and i do have another 80 GB harddisk which doesn't have any OS. Below is the details on my partitions and partial information from grub files of both OS. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 40965749 20482843+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 102414436 312576704 105081134+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda3 40965750 102414374 30724312+ 83 Linux - /Home (for fedora) /dev/sda5 102414438 204812684 51199123+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 204812748 253634219 24410736 83 Linux -- ubuntu /dev/sda7 253634283 302455754 24410736 83 Linux -- fedora /dev/sda8 302455818 312576704 5060443+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris grub.cfg from ubuntu ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,7)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set cd55e078-a2c1-4d8a-9e87-ae838b6f4a05 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=cd55e078-a2c1-4d8a-9e87-ae838b6f4a05 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,7)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set cd55e078-a2c1-4d8a-9e87-ae838b6f4a05 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=cd55e078-a2c1-4d8a-9e87-ae838b6f4a05 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,7)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set cd55e078-a2c1-4d8a-9e87-ae838b6f4a05 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,7)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set cd55e078-a2c1-4d8a-9e87-ae838b6f4a05 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Microsoft Windows XP Professional (on /dev/sdb1)" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set cad48cc6d48cb5eb drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } menuentry "Fedora (2.6.35.14-96.fc14.i686) (on /dev/sdb6)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 6aee34cf-f77a-489a-9361-85d07194b84b linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35.14-96.fc14.i686 ro root=UUID=6aee34cf-f77a-489a-9361-85d07194b84b rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.35.14-96.fc14.i686.img } menuentry "Fedora (2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686) (on /dev/sdb6)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 6aee34cf-f77a-489a-9361-85d07194b84b linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686 ro root=UUID=6aee34cf-f77a-489a-9361-85d07194b84b rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686.img } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### grub.conf from fedora default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,5)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Fedora (2.6.35.14-96.fc14.i686) root (hd0,5) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35.14-96.fc14.i686 ro root=UUID=6aee34cf-f77a-489a-9361-85d07194b84b rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.35.14-96.fc14.i686.img title Fedora (2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686) root (hd0,5) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686 ro root=UUID=6aee34cf-f77a-489a-9361-85d07194b84b rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686.img title Other rootnoverify (hd0,0) chainloader +1

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  • Enable grub boot menu on new system

    - by Remus Rigo
    I have installed Ubuntu 11.04 and I would like to see the boot menu when the system starts (by default it is hidden or the timeout=0) # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 insmod jpeg if background_image /boot/grub/boot.jpg; then true else set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 44f311b4-0b40-4d10-b004-78108539fc39 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### if [ "x${timeout}" != "x-1" ]; then if keystatus; then if keystatus --shift; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=0 fi else if sleep --interruptible 3 ; then set timeout=0 fi fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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  • Administer, manage, monitor, and fine tune the performance of your Oracle SOA Suite 11g Service Infrastructure and SOA composite applications.

    - by JuergenKress
    Key Features of the book If you are an Oracle SOA suite administrator, then this book is your bible. It gives you everything you need to know about all your tasks and help you to apply what you learn in your everyday life right from the first chapter. The book walks through promoting code across environments, performance tuning the service infrastructure, monitoring the environment, configuring security policies, managing the dehydration store, backing and restoring environments and so on. Packed with real-world examples from authors' own experiences, this books offers a unique insight into Oracle SOA Suite Administration. Detailed description The book begins with an introduction of SOA and quickly moves on to management of SOA composite applications. Readers will learn how to manage composite applications, their deployments and lifecycles. Equipped with this knowledge, readers will be introduced to monitoring and performance tuning SOA Suite, monitoring instances, messages, and composite applications, managing faults and exceptions, configuring audit levels of composite applications to include end-to-end monitoring through the use of extended logging as well as administering and configuring all SOA Suite components. A very important aspect of administration is tuning and optimizing the infrastructure for performance and book offers real work recommendations to monitor and performance tune service engines, the underlying WebLogic server, threads and timeouts, files systems, and composite applications. It also covers detailed administration of individual service components, configuring the infrastructure MBeans using both Oracle Enterprise Manager Fusion Middleware Control and WLST based scripts, migrating worklist preferences and BAM data across environments, setting up Email, LDAP and custom XPath. An administrator is always trusted with troubleshooting and root causing problems in the infrastructure and this book will help you through the troubleshooting approaches as how to identify faults and exception through extended logging and thread dumps and find solutions to common startup problems and deployment issues. The advanced contents of this book explains OWSM security framework and how to secure components deployed to the infrastructure along with the details of all groundwork needed to ready the environment. Last few chapters help you to understand and deal with managing the metadata services repository and dehydration store, backup and recovery and concluding with advanced topics such as silent/scripted installations, cloning, upgrading, patching and high availability installations. Packed with real-world examples, and tips straight from the trench; this book offers insights into SOA Suite administration that you will not find elsewhere. Part of our writing style in this book draws heavily on the philosophy of reuse and as such the book provide an ample of executable SQL queries and WLST scripts that administrators can reuse and extend to perform most of the administration tasks such as monitoring instances, processing times, instance states and perform automatic deployments, tuning, migration, and installation. These scripts are spread over each of the chapters in the book and can also be downloaded from here. The book is available in different formats at the following websites: Paperback and eBook versions & Kindle version. It is available for order and signed copies are available through our web site. SOA & BPM Partner Community For regular information on Oracle SOA Suite become a member in the SOA & BPM Partner Community for registration please visit  www.oracle.com/goto/emea/soa (OPN account required) If you need support with your account please contact the Oracle Partner Business Center. Blog Twitter LinkedIn Mix Forum Technorati Tags: SOA book,SOA Suite Adminsitration,SOA Community,Oracle SOA,Oracle BPM,Community,OPN,Jürgen Kress

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  • Specs, Form and Function – What am I Missing?

    - by Barry Shulam
    0 0 1 628 3586 08041 29 8 4206 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Friday October 26th the Microsoft Surface RT arrived at the office.  I was summoned to my boss’s office for the grand unpacking.  If I had planned ahead I could have used my iPhone 4 to film the event and post it on YouTube however the desire to hold the device and turn it ON was more inviting than becoming a proxy reviewer for Engadget’s website.  1980 was the first time we had a personal computer in our house.  It was a  Kaypro computer. It weighed 29 pounds more than any persons lap could hold.  Then the term “portable computer” meant you could remove it from the building and take it else where.  Today I am typing on this entry on a Macbook Air which weighs 2.38 pounds. This morning Amazons front page main title is: “Much More for Much Less” I was born at the right time to start with the CPM operating system on the Kaypro thru the DOS, Windows, Linux, Mac OSX and mobile phone operating systems and languages.  If you are not aware Technology is moving at a rapid pace.  The New iPad (those who are keeping score – iPad4) is replacing a 7 month old machine the New iPad (iPad 3) I have used and owned many technology devices in my life.  The main point that most of the reader who are in the USA overlook is the fact that we are in the USA.  The devices we purchase have a great digital garden to support them.  The Kaypro computer had a 7-inch screen.  It was a TV tube with two colors – Black and Green.  You could see the 80-column screen flicker with characters – have you every played Pac-Man emulated on the screen with the ABC characters. Traveling across the world you will find that not all apps on your device will function as they did back home because they are not offered outside of your country of origin. I think the main question a buyer of technology should be asking is Function.  The greatest Specs with out function limit you.  The most beautiful form with out function is the same as a crystal vase on your shelf – not a good cereal bowl in the morning. Microsoft Surface RT, Amazon Kindle Fire and Apple iPad all great devices in their respective customers hands. My advice for those looking to purchase on this year:  If the device is your only technology device you buy what you WANT and LIKE. Consider this parallel universe if its not your only device?  Ever go shopping for clothing, shoes, and accessories with your wife, girlfriend, sister or mother?  If you listen carefully you will hear the little voices coming out of there heads saying:  “This goes well with that and I can use it also with that outfit” ”Do you think this clashes with that?”  “Ohh I love how that combination looks on you”.  Portable devices such as tablets and computers can offer a whole lot more when they are combined with the digital echo system you have at home and the manufacturer offers online. Pros of each Device: Microsoft Surface RT: There is a new functionality named SmartGlass which will let you share the content off your tablet to your XBOX 360.  Microsoft office is loaded on the tablet.  You can have more than one user profile on the tablet if you share it with others.   Amazon Kindle or Kindle HD: If you are an Amazon consumer with an annual Amazon Prime service you can consume videos and read books off the Amazon site.  Its the cheapest device.  Its a step up from the kindle reader in many ways.   Apple Ipad or Ipad mini: Over 270 Thousand applications.  Airplay permits you the ability to share to your TV screen. If you are a cord cutter (a person who gets their entertainment content over the web or air vs Cable Providers) the Airplay or Smart glass are a huge bonus.  iPad mini or not: The mini will fit in a purse where the larger one will not.  Its lighter which makes it nice to hold for prolonged periods.  It has an option for LTE wireless which non of the other sub 9 inch tables offer.  The screen is non retina which means the applications are smaller.  Speaking with individuals who are above 50 in age that wear glasses they retina does not make a difference for them however they prefer the larger iPad over the new mini.   Happy Shopping this Channuka Season.   The Kosher Coder.   Follow me on twitter @KosherCoder

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  • Organization &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 6

    - by MarkPearl
    Learning Outcomes Discuss the physical characteristics of magnetic disks Describe how data is organized and accessed on a magnetic disk Discuss the parameters that play a role in the performance of magnetic disks Describe different optical memory devices Magnetic Disk The way data is stored on and retried from magnetic disks Data is recorded on and later retrieved form the disk via a conducting coil named the head (in many systems there are two heads) The writ mechanism exploits the fact that electricity flowing through a coil produces a magnetic field. Electric pulses are sent to the write head, and the resulting magnetic patterns are recorded on the surface below with different patterns for positive and negative currents The physical characteristics of a magnetic disk   Summarize from book   The factors that play a role in the performance of a disk Seek time – the time it takes to position the head at the track Rotational delay / latency – the time it takes for the beginning of the sector to reach the head Access time – the sum of the seek time and rotational delay Transfer time – the time it takes to transfer data RAID The rate of improvement in secondary storage performance has been considerably less than the rate for processors and main memory. Thus secondary storage has become a bit of a bottleneck. RAID works on the concept that if one disk can be pushed so far, additional gains in performance are to be had by using multiple parallel components. Points to note about RAID… RAID is a set of physical disk drives viewed by the operating system as a single logical drive Data is distributed across the physical drives of an array in a scheme known as striping Redundant disk capacity is used to store parity information, which guarantees data recoverability in case of a disk failure (not supported by RAID 0 or RAID 1) Interesting to note that the increase in the number of drives, increases the probability of failure. To compensate for this decreased reliability RAID makes use of stored parity information that enables the recovery of data lost due to a disk failure.   The RAID scheme consists of 7 levels…   Category Level Description Disks Required Data Availability Large I/O Data Transfer Capacity Small I/O Request Rate Striping 0 Non Redundant N Lower than single disk Very high Very high for both read and write Mirroring 1 Mirrored 2N Higher than RAID 2 – 5 but lower than RAID 6 Higher than single disk Up to twice that of a signle disk for read Parallel Access 2 Redundant via Hamming Code N + m Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Parallel Access 3 Bit interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Independent Access 4 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Independent Access 5 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, generally  lower than single disk for write Independent Access 6 Block interleaved parity N + 2 Highest of all listed alternatives Similar to RAID 0 for read; lower than RAID 5 for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than RAID 5  for write   Read page 215 – 221 for detailed explanation on RAID levels Optical Memory There are a variety of optical-disk systems available. Read through the table on page 222 – 223 Some of the devices include… CD CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD DVD-R DVD-RW Blue-Ray DVD Magnetic Tape Most modern systems use serial recording – data is lade out as a sequence of bits along each track. The typical recording used in serial is referred to as serpentine recording. In this technique when data is being recorded, the first set of bits is recorded along the whole length of the tape. When the end of the tape is reached the heads are repostioned to record a new track, and the tape is again recorded on its whole length, this time in the opposite direction. That process continued back and forth until the tape is full. To increase speed, the read-write head is capable of reading and writing a number of adjacent tracks simultaneously. Data is still recorded serially along individual tracks, but blocks in sequence are stored on adjacent tracks as suggested. A tape drive is a sequential access device. Magnetic tape was the first kind of secondary memory. It is still widely used as the lowest-cost, slowest speed member of the memory hierarchy.

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  • Oracle MAA Part 1: When One Size Does Not Fit All

    - by JoeMeeks
    The good news is that Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) best practices combined with Oracle Database 12c (see video) introduce first-in-the-industry database capabilities that truly make unplanned outages and planned maintenance transparent to users. The trouble with such good news is that Oracle’s enthusiasm in evangelizing its latest innovations may leave some to wonder if we’ve lost sight of the fact that not all database applications are created equal. Afterall, many databases don’t have the business requirements for high availability and data protection that require all of Oracle’s ‘stuff’. For many real world applications, a controlled amount of downtime and/or data loss is OK if it saves money and effort. Well, not to worry. Oracle knows that enterprises need solutions that address the full continuum of requirements for data protection and availability. Oracle MAA accomplishes this by defining four HA service level tiers: BRONZE, SILVER, GOLD and PLATINUM. The figure below shows the progression in service levels provided by each tier. Each tier uses a different MAA reference architecture to deploy the optimal set of Oracle HA capabilities that reliably achieve a given service level (SLA) at the lowest cost.  Each tier includes all of the capabilities of the previous tier and builds upon the architecture to handle an expanded fault domain. Bronze is appropriate for databases where simple restart or restore from backup is ‘HA enough’. Bronze is based upon a single instance Oracle Database with MAA best practices that use the many capabilities for data protection and HA included with every Oracle Enterprise Edition license. Oracle-optimized backups using Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) provide data protection and are used to restore availability should an outage prevent the database from being able to restart. Silver provides an additional level of HA for databases that require minimal or zero downtime in the event of database instance or server failure as well as many types of planned maintenance. Silver adds clustering technology - either Oracle RAC or RAC One Node. RMAN provides database-optimized backups to protect data and restore availability should an outage prevent the cluster from being able to restart. Gold raises the game substantially for business critical applications that can’t accept vulnerability to single points-of-failure. Gold adds database-aware replication technologies, Active Data Guard and Oracle GoldenGate, which synchronize one or more replicas of the production database to provide real time data protection and availability. Database-aware replication greatly increases HA and data protection beyond what is possible with storage replication technologies. It also reduces cost while improving return on investment by actively utilizing all replicas at all times. Platinum introduces all of the sexy new Oracle Database 12c capabilities that Oracle staff will gush over with great enthusiasm. These capabilities include Application Continuity for reliable replay of in-flight transactions that masks outages from users; Active Data Guard Far Sync for zero data loss protection at any distance; new Oracle GoldenGate enhancements for zero downtime upgrades and migrations; and Global Data Services for automated service management and workload balancing in replicated database environments. Each of these technologies requires additional effort to implement. But they deliver substantial value for your most critical applications where downtime and data loss are not an option. The MAA reference architectures are inherently designed to address conflicting realities. On one hand, not every application has the same objectives for availability and data protection – the Not One Size Fits All title of this blog post. On the other hand, standard infrastructure is an operational requirement and a business necessity in order to reduce complexity and cost. MAA reference architectures address both realities by providing a standard infrastructure optimized for Oracle Database that enables you to dial-in the level of HA appropriate for different service level requirements. This makes it simple to move a database from one HA tier to the next should business requirements change, or from one hardware platform to another – whether it’s your favorite non-Oracle vendor or an Oracle Engineered System. Please stay tuned for additional blog posts in this series that dive into the details of each MAA reference architecture. Meanwhile, more information on Oracle HA solutions and the Maximum Availability Architecture can be found at: Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture - Webcast Maximize Availability with Oracle Database 12c - Technical White Paper

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  • Big Data – ClustrixDB – Extreme Scale SQL Database with Real-time Analytics, Releases Software Download – NewSQL

    - by Pinal Dave
    There are so many things to learn and there is so little time we all have. As we have little time we need to be selective to learn whatever we learn. I believe I know quite a lot of things in SQL but I still do not know what is around SQL. I have started to learn about NewSQL recently. If you wonder what is NewSQL I encourage all of you to read my blog post about NewSQL over here Big Data – Buzz Words: What is NewSQL – Day 10 of 21. NewSQL databases are quickly becoming popular – providing the scale of NoSQL with the SQL features and transactions. As a part of learning NewSQL database, I have recently started to learn about ClustrixDB. ClustrixDB has been the most mature NewSQL database used by some of the largest internet sites in the world for over 3 years, with extensive SQL support. In addition to scale, it provides fast real-time analytics by bringing massively parallel processing (MPP), available only in warehousing databases, to the transactional database. The reason I am more intrigued about learning ClustrixDB is their recent announcement on Oct 31. ClustrixDB was only available as an appliance, but now with their software release on Oct 31, everyone can use it. It is now available as forever free for up to 12 cores with community support, and there is a 45 day trial for unlimited cluster sizes. With the forever free world, I am indeed interested in ClustrixDB now. I know that few of the leading eCommerce sites in the world uses them for their transactional database. Here are few of the details I have quickly noted for ClustrixDB. ClustrixDB allows user to: Scale by simply adding nodes to the cluster with a single command Run billions of transactions a day Run fast real-time analytics Achieve high-availability with recovery from node failure Manages itself Easily migrate from MySQL as it is nearly plug-and-play compatible, use MySQL drivers, tools and replication. While I was going through the documentation I realized that ClustrixDB also has extensive support for SQL features including complex queries involving joins on a dozen or more tables, aggregates, sorts, sub-queries. It also supports stored procedures, triggers, foreign keys, partitioned and temporary tables, and fully online schema changes. It is indeed a very matured product and SQL solution. Indeed Clusterix sound very promising solution, I decided to dig a bit deeper to understand who are current customers of the Clustrix as they exist in the industry for quite a few years. Their client list is indeed very interesting and here is my quick research about them. Twoo.com – Europe’s largest social discovery (dating) site runs 4.4 Billion Transactions a day with table sizes over a Terabyte, on a 168 core cluster. EngageBDR – Top 3 in the online advertising category uses ClustrixDB to serve 6.9 billion ads a day through real-time bidding platform. Their reports went from 4 hours to 15 seconds. NoMoreRack – Top 2 fastest growing e-commerce company in US used ClustrixDB for high availability and fast growth through Amazon cloud. MakeMyTrip – India’s leading travel site runs on ClustrixDB with two clusters running as multi-master in Chennai and Bangalore. Many enterprises such as AOL, CSC, Rakuten, Symantec use ClustrixDB when their applications need scale. I must accept that I am impressed with the information I have learned so far and now is the time to do some hand’s on experience with their product. I want to learn this technology so in future when it is about NewSQL, I know what I am talking about. Read more why Clustrix explains why you ClustrixDB might be the right database for you. Download ClustrixDB with me today and install it on your machine so in future when we discuss the technical aspects of it, we all are on the same page. The software can be downloaded here. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)Filed under: Big Data, MySQL, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL Tagged: Clustrix

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  • Fresh Ubuntu Install - Grub not loading

    - by Ryan Sharp
    System Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit Windows 7 SP1 Samsung 64GB SSD - OS' Samsung 1TB HDD - Games, /Home, Swap WD 300'ishGB HDD - Backup Okay, so I'm very frustrated, so please excuse me if I miss anything out as my head is clouded by anger and impatience, etc. I'll try me best, though. First of all, I'll explain how I got to my predicament. I finally got my new SSD. I firstly installed Windows, which completed without a hitch. Afterwards, I tried to install Ubuntu, which failed several times due to problems irrelevant to this question, but I mention this to explain my frustrations, sorry. Anyway, I finally installed Ubuntu. However, I chose the 'bootloader' to be installed on the same partition as where I was installing the Ubuntu Root partition, as that was what I believed to be the best choice. It was of my thinking that it was supposed to go on the same partition and on the SSD, which is my OS drive, though with my problem, it apparently was wrong. So I tried to fix it by checking guides and following their directions, but seemed to have messed it up even more. Here is what I receive after I use the fdisk -l command: (I also added explanations for which I used each partition for) Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders, total 125045424 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x324971d1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 208896 48957439 24374272 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 48959486 125044735 38042625 5 Extended /dev/sda5 48959488 125044735 38042624 83 Linux sda1 --/ Windows Recovery sda2 --/ Windows 7 sda3/5 --/ Ubuntu root [ / ] Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc0ee6a69 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1024208894 1953523711 464657409 5 Extended /dev/sdb3 * 2048 1024206847 512102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb5 1024208896 1939851263 457821184 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1939853312 1953523711 6835200 82 Linux swap / Solaris sdb3 --/ Partition for Steam games, etc. sdb5 --/ Ubuntu Home [ /home ] sdb6 --/ Ubuntu Swap Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdc: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x292eee23 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 625141759 312569856 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT sdc1 --/ Generic backup I also used a Boot Script that other users suggested, so that I can give more details on my partitions and also where Grub is located... ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc. Now that is weird... Why would Grub2 be installed on both my SSD and HDD? Even weirder is why is Windows on the MBR of my backup hard drive? Nothing I did should have done that... Anyway, here is the entire Output from that script... PASTEBIN So, to summarize what I need: How can I fix my setup so grub loads on startup? How can I clean my partitions to remove unnecessary grubs? What did I do wrong so that I don't do something so daft again? Thank you so much for reading, and I hope you can help me. I've been trying to have a successful setup since Friday, and I'm almost at the point that I'm really tempted to throw my computer out the window due to my frustration.

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  • disks not ready in array causes mdadm to force initramfs shell

    - by RaidPinata
    Okay, this is starting to get pretty frustrating. I've read most of the other answers on this site that have anything to do with this issue but I'm still not getting anywhere. I have a RAID 6 array with 10 devices and 1 spare. The OS is on a completely separate device. At boot only three of the 10 devices in the raid are available, the others become available later in the boot process. Currently, unless I go through initramfs I can't get the system to boot - it just hangs with a blank screen. When I do boot through recovery (initramfs), I get a message asking if I want to assemble the degraded array. If I say no and then exit initramfs the system boots fine and my array is mounted exactly where I intend it to. Here are the pertinent files as near as I can tell. Ask me if you want to see anything else. # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all # containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using # wildcards if desired. #DEVICE partitions containers # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions # CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR root # definitions of existing MD arrays # This file was auto-generated on Tue, 13 Nov 2012 13:50:41 -0700 # by mkconf $Id$ ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae Here is fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sdc2 during installation UUID=3fa1e73f-3d83-4afe-9415-6285d432c133 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdc3 during installation UUID=c4988662-67f3-4069-a16e-db740e054727 none swap sw 0 0 # mount large raid device on /data /dev/md0 /data ext4 defaults,nofail,noatime,nobootwait 0 0 output of cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid6 sda[0] sdd[10](S) sdl[9] sdk[8] sdj[7] sdi[6] sdh[5] sdg[4] sdf[3] sde[2] sdb[1] 23441080320 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [10/10] [UUUUUUUUUU] unused devices: <none> Here is the output of mdadm --detail --scan --verbose ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae devices=/dev/sda,/dev/sdb,/dev/sde,/dev/sdf,/dev/sdg,/dev/sdh,/dev/sdi,/dev/sdj,/dev/sdk,/dev/sdl,/dev/sdd Please let me know if there is anything else you think might be useful in troubleshooting this... I just can't seem to figure out how to change the boot process so that mdadm waits until the drives are ready to build the array. Everything works just fine if the drives are given enough time to come online. edit: changed title to properly reflect situation

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  • Oracle GoldenGate 11g Release 2 Launch Webcast Replay Available

    - by Irem Radzik
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} For those of you who missed Oracle GoldenGate 11g Release 2 launch webcasts last week, the replay is now available from the following url. Harnessing the Power of the New Release of Oracle GoldenGate 11g I would highly recommend watching the webcast to meet many new features of the new release and hear the product management team respond to the questions from the audience in a nice long Q&A section. In my blog last week I listed the media coverage for this new release. There is a new article published by ITJungle talking about Oracle GoldenGate’s heterogeneity and support for DB2 for iSeries: Oracle Completes DB2/400 Support in Data Replication Tool As mentioned in last week’s blog, we received over 150 questions from the audience and in this blog I'd like to continue to post some of the frequently asked,  questions and their answers: Question: What are the fundamental differences between classic data capture and integrated data capture? Do both use the redo logs in the source database? Answer: Yes, they both use redo logs. Classic capture parses the redo log data directly, whereas the Integrated Capture lets the Oracle database parse the redo log record using an internal API. Question: Does GoldenGate version need to match Oracle Database version? Answer: No, they are not directly linked. Oracle GoldenGate 11g Release 2 supports Oracle Database version 10gR2 as well. For Oracle Database version 10gR1 and Oracle Database version 9i you will need GoldenGate11g Release 1 or lower. And for Oracle Database 8i you need Oracle GoldenGate 10 or earlier versions. Question: If I already use Data Guard, do I need GoldenGate? Answer: Data Guard is designed as the best disaster recovery solution for Oracle Database. If you would like to implement a bidirectional Active-Active replication solution or need to move data between heterogeneous systems, you will need GoldenGate. Question: On Compression and GoldenGate, if the source uses compression, is it required that the target also use compression? Answer: No, the source and target do not need to have the same compression settings. Question: Does GG support Advance Security Option on the Source database? Answer: Yes it does. Question: Can I use GoldenGate to upgrade the Oracle Database to 11g and do OS migration at the same time? Answer: Yes, this is a very common project where GoldenGate can eliminate downtime, give flexibility to test the target as needed, and minimize risks with fail-back option to the old environment. For more information on database upgrades please check out the following white papers: Best Practices for Migrating/Upgrading Oracle Database Using Oracle GoldenGate 11g Zero-Downtime Database Upgrades Using Oracle GoldenGate Question: Does GoldenGate create any trigger in the source database table level or row level to for real-time data integration? Answer: No, GoldenGate does not create triggers. Question: Can transformation be done after insert to destination table or need to be done before? Answer: It can happen in the Capture (Extract) process, in the  Delivery (Replicat) process, or in the target database. For more resources on Oracle GoldenGate 11gR2 please check out our Oracle GoldenGate 11gR2 resource kit as well.

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  • Grub Rescue Unknown Filesystem Error. Grub Corrupted or Filesystem?

    - by nightcrawler
    Now it has happened twice & have been pulling my hairs now... I have installed xubuntu on my external hardisk & have been using it for about 3 months. It has three partitions, one of 500 mb mounted at /boot, 2nd one of 48gb mounted at / & the rest (out of 160gb) is ntfs partition....used as normal external storage. The last storage supposedly acts as a buffer b/w Linux distributions & Win platform, buffer in the sense that it provides a universal channel for data transfers. I have constantly used this external hardisk for data transfers b/w win7 laptop & xubuntu (on this external hd) without any hassle. However, on of my desktops where I have ubuntu I (for the first time) attached this external drive which let me do data transfers where all three partitions properly mounted....but then nasty thing occurred the same that occurred before. I (as usual) tried booting via this external hd (one having xubuntu, one having being formerly used under Ubuntu) I got error Now I am totally devastated because similar thing happened ~6months before when I had fedora 17 in my external hd (instead of xubuntu) & after it was used under ubuntu the same happened...i didn't reported it because I already had planned towards debian instead of rpm! The mystery is that as long as I don't attach this external hd under ubuntu the data never** corrupts whereas under win xp/7 I can use it as a normal usb storage of coarse linux partitions aren’t available under win platforms... **From corrupts I mean hd fails to boot with the error mentioned however cant say whether data within remains untouched? It seems that my grub & or MBR is corrupted. Please sir guide me to solve this issue also why I cant attach & use linux external hds under linux platform Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004e7d0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 2048 976895 487424 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 978942 96874495 47947777 5 Extended /dev/sdc3 96874496 312575999 107850752 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdc5 978944 94726143 46873600 83 Linux /dev/sdc6 94728192 96874495 1073152 82 Linux swap / Solaris I can recall for sure that have seen a thread here when a similar problem occurred & in response someone gave solution of how to mount (now invisible) partitions & recover important data in them. I have misplaced that URL so if any can guide me thither because my important documents resides in / partition What I already have done: Without success I have tried this & related solutions What I plan to do: I believe that filesystem has corrupted & would you recommend solution like this provided I cant recall whether my /boot (500mb) partition was ext4 or ext2 though I am sure that my / (48gb) partition was ext4 UPDATE 1 Attached my external hd under Ubuntu ran followinf command as root grub-install /dev/sdc where /dev/sdc was my external hd containing corrupted xubuntu....it reported all done! I re-ran fdisk -l but to my disappointment it reported Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b6b9167 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table ...& now I can't even access its ntfs partition (former /dev/sdc3) please help? UPDATE 2 TestDisk (by cgsecurity) failed at founding any partition table :( TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sdc - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19457 255 63 Partition Start End Size in sectors

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  • Starting over and new to Ubuntu

    - by 2funnyyone
    We have been having repeated problems with our interent service and using windows xp & sp3 (users and premissions) I see no need for them. I started with computers long before windows. Every since sp 3 come out in 2009 I have had nothing but problems. I have lost so many computers to virius and trojans, we just stack them up. We are with Qwest/ Century link which is using advertising servers which I think is causing the problem. All the computers are networked together which is not how I set them up. I beleive Century link is networking them through assignment of a domain for our home. This causes all the computers to crash twice. This is getting expensive. We tried buying new harddrives but reinfect with hours of connecting to internet. I also beleive the modem, router and all computers are infected. I put combofix on this one and that is the only reason we are still online with this laptop. I am afraid to install new equipment because my partner and I are on SSDI and this cost a lot. I go to school at UOP and had to run off a flash and reboot this laptop to recovery every other day or so, this pass month. New plan is: We are getting ready to install new equipment but afraid to reinfect again. Need help to install new equipment. The plan is to use current internet services from Qwest/ now Century Link. The list of New equipment in order: Century link wireless modem is ZyXEL PK5000Z with 4 direct connect Ethernet ports Next Dell Optiplex 210L ( used auction purchase ) 2 gb ram 80 g hard drive Ubuntu 11.10 operating system Next Wireless D-Link router WBR-1310 with 4 direct connect Ethernet ports OK-------- Purchased Dell OEM disk for Repair or Reinstalling Windows XP Professional Operating system (2 roommates as well) All infected computers are Dell desktops or laptops with XP Pro Also purchasing Ubuntu 12.04 for 3 computers. We like the way it runs but still learning it. Questions 1] How do we fdisk the infected computers without infecting new system. We have Dos disks, but none have floppy dish drive. We do have a new floppy disk drive and usb adapter we purchased from Amazon. 2] We are thinking Avast internet security because of the boot scan. We want all software loaded before reconnecting. We can manually load our internet provider information. We purchased StopZilla $100 for 5 computers, but not sure that is what we need. But need how to setup ports security and services we will need. Really lost at this part. So we are safe when we go back on the internet. 3] Want to connect reloaded fdisk systems to router as public connection and no sharing. Do not want to network all computers. 4] Want parental/ ownership control from Ubuntu system for internet connection (Children and friends). Do we restrict at the modem and/ or router? Any help would be a blessing. I do not want to go alone on this anymore.

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  • Grub2 : Windows 7 can't boot installing with Ubuntu 10.04 on different hard drive

    - by dellphi
    I use a dual boot with two hard disks and two OS is Ubuntu 10.04 and Windows 7. Windows 7 installed on the first disk, first partition. Grub is installed on a second hard disk MBR, and Ubuntu installed on an extended partition on a second hard drive. When I select Windows 7 on the Grub menu, the HDD lamp lights up briefly and then black screen on the monitor, with the status of the keyboard is still functioning. Until now (with the default boot from first HDD), I have to press F12 to get into the Grub to run Linux on a second HDD. ================ fdisk -l ================================ dellph1@dellph1-desktop:~$ fdisk -l omitting empty partition (5) Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00087dec Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 23104 185582848+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 23105 121601 791177122 5 Extended /dev/sda5 36107 74408 307660783+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 74409 100081 206218341 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda7 100082 121601 172859368+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x6d43dfb2 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 10030 80560066 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 * 1 5560 44657601 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 5560 9387 30736384 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 9387 10030 5164032 82 Linux swap / Solaris dellph1@dellph1-desktop:~$ ================= grub.cfg ================== # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then saved_entry=${chosen} save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2f014a3a-35f3-4d05-87aa-34ca677160b7 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=1024x768 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2f014a3a-35f3-4d05-87aa-34ca677160b7 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=5 fi END /etc/grub.d/00_header BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2f014a3a-35f3-4d05-87aa-34ca677160b7 insmod jpeg if background_image /usr/share/backgrounds/CurlsbyCandy.jpg ; then set color_normal=white/black set color_highlight=black/light-gray else set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray fi END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2f014a3a-35f3-4d05-87aa-34ca677160b7 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic root=UUID=2f014a3a-35f3-4d05-87aa-34ca677160b7 ro splash vga=795 quiet splash nomodeset video=uvesafb:mode_option=1280x1024-24,mtrr=3,scroll=ywrap initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2f014a3a-35f3-4d05-87aa-34ca677160b7 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic root=UUID=2f014a3a-35f3-4d05-87aa-34ca677160b7 ro single splash vga=795 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-24-generic } END /etc/grub.d/10_linux BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 5cac2139ac210f58 chainloader +1 } END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_multisystem Ajout de MultiSystem MULTISYSTEM MENU menuentry "PLoP Boot Manager" { linux16 /boot/plpbt } menuentry "Smart Boot Manager" { search --set -f /boot/sbootmgr.dsk linux16 /boot/memdisk initrd16 /boot/sbootmgr.dsk } FIN MULTISYSTEM MENU END /etc/grub.d/40_multisystem ================================================ I want to keep the Grub on the second HDD. I have been using the Startup Manager, Boot Manager and Grub Customizer, and this problem still unsolved. The easiest thing that I can possibly do is to install Grub on first HDD, but I was curious and maybe someone can help.

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  • Should I manage authentication on my own if the alternative is very low in usability and I am already managing roles?

    - by rumtscho
    As a small in-house dev department, we only have experience with developing applications for our intranet. We use the existing Active Directory for user account management. It contains the accounts of all company employees and many (but not all) of the business partners we have a cooperation with. Now, the top management wants a technology exchange application, and I am the lead dev on the new project. Basically, it is a database containing our know-how, with a web frontend. Our employees, our cooperating business partners, and people who wish to become our cooperating business partners should have access to it and see what technologies we have, so they can trade for them with the department which owns them. The technologies are not patented, but very valuable to competitors, so the department bosses are paranoid about somebody unauthorized gaining access to their technology description. This constraint necessitates a nightmarishly complicated multi-dimensional RBAC-hybrid model. As the Active Directory doesn't even contain all the information needed to infer the roles I use, I will have to manage roles plus per-technology per-user granted access exceptions within my system. The current plan is to use Active Directory for authentication. This will result in a multi-hour registration process for our business partners where the database owner has to manually create logins in our Active Directory and send them credentials. If I manage the logins in my own system, we could improve the usability a lot, for example by letting people have an active (but unprivileged) account as soon as they register. It seems to me that, after I am having a users table in the DB anyway (and managing ugly details like storing historical user IDs so that recycled user IDs within the Active Directory don't unexpectedly get rights to view someone's technologies), the additional complexity from implementing authentication functionality will be minimal. Therefore, I am starting to lean towards doing my own user login management and forgetting the AD altogether. On the other hand, I see some reasons to stay with Active Directory. First, the conventional wisdom I have heard from experienced programmers is to not do your own user management if you can avoid it. Second, we have code I can reuse for connection to the active directory, while I would have to code the authentication if done in-system (and my boss has clearly stated that getting the project delivered on time has much higher priority than delivering a system with high usability). Third, I am not a very experienced developer (this is my first lead position) and have never done user management before, so I am afraid that I am overlooking some important reasons to use the AD, or that I am underestimating the amount of work left to do my own authentication. I would like to know if there are more reasons to go with the AD authentication mechanism. Specifically, if I want to do my own authentication, what would I have to implement besides a secure connection for the login screen (which I would need anyway even if I am only transporting the pw to the AD), lookup of a password hash and a mechanism for password recovery (which will probably include manual identity verification, so no need for complex mTAN-like solutions)? And, if you have experience with such security-critical systems, which one would you use and why?

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  • When things go awry

    - by Phil Factor
    The moment the Entrepreneur opened his mouth on prime-time national TV, spelled out the URL and waxed big on how exciting ‘his’ new website was, I knew I was in for a busy night. I’d designed and built it. All at once, half a million people tried to log into the website. Although all my stress-testing paid off, I have to admit that the network locked up tight long before there was any danger of a database or website problem. Soon afterwards, the Entrepreneur and the Big Boss were there in the autopsy meeting. We picked through all our systems in detail to see how they’d borne the unexpected strain. Mercifully, in view of the sour mood of the Big Boss, it turned out that the only thing we could have done better was buy a bigger pipe to and from the internet. We’d specified that ‘big pipe’ when designing the system. The Big Boss had then railed at the cost and so we’d subsequently compromised. I felt that my design decisions were vindicated. The Big Boss brooded for a while. Then he made the significant comment: “What really ****** me off is the fact that, for ten minutes, we couldn’t take people’s money.” At that point I stopped feeling smug. Had the internet connection been better, the system would have reached its limit and failed rather precipitously, and that wasn’t what he wanted. Then it occurred to me that what had gummed up the connection was all those images on the site, that had made it so impressive for the visitors. If there had been a way to automatically pare down the site to the bare essentials under stress… Hmm. I began to consider disaster-recovery in the broadest sense – maintaining a service in spite of unusual or unexpected events. What he said makes a lot of sense: sacrifice whatever isn’t essential to keep the core service running when we approach the capacity limits. Maybe in IT we should borrow (or revive) the business concept of the ‘Skeleton service’, maintaining only the priority parts under stress, using a process that is well-prepared and carefully rehearsed. How might this work? Whatever the event we have to prepare for, it is all about understanding the priorities; knowing what one can dispense with when the going gets tough. In the event of database disaster, it’s much faster to deploy a skeletal system with only the essential data than to restore the entire system, though there would have to be a reconciliation process to update the revived database retrospectively, once the emergency was over. It isn’t just the database that could be designed for resilience. One could prepare for unusually high traffic in a website by designing a system that degraded gradually to a ‘skeletal’ site, one that maintained the commercial essentials without fat images, JavaScript libraries and razzmatazz. This is all what the Big Boss scathingly called ‘a mere technicality’. It seems to me that what is needed first is a culture of application and database design which acknowledges that we live in a very imperfect world, and react accordingly when things go awry.

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