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• Is Google Closure a true compiler?

  - by James Allardice

  This question is inspired by the debate in the comments on this Stack Overflow question. The Google Closure Compiler documentation states the following (emphasis added): The Closure Compiler is a tool for making JavaScript download and run faster. It is a true compiler for JavaScript. Instead of compiling from a source language to machine code, it compiles from JavaScript to better JavaScript. However, Wikipedia gives the following definition of a "compiler": A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer language... A language rewriter is usually a program that translates the form of expressions without a change of language. Based on that, I would say that Google Closure is not a compiler. But the fact that Google explicitly state that it is in fact a "true compiler" makes me wonder if there's more to it. Is Google Closure really a JavaScript compiler?

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• What are the drawbacks of Python?

  - by Rook

  Python seems all the rage these days, and not undeservingly - for it is truly a language with which one almost enjoys being given a new problem to solve. But, as a wise man once said (calling him a wise man only because I've no idea as to who actually said it; not sure whether he was that wise at all), to really know a language one does not only know its syntax, design, etc., advantages but also its drawbacks. No language is perfect, some are just better than others. So, what would be in your opinion, objective drawbacks of Python. Note: I'm not asking for a language comparison here (i.e. C# is better than Python because ... yadda yadda yadda) - more of an objective (to some level) opinion which language features are badly designed, whether, what are maybe some you're missing in it and so on. If must use another language as a comparison, but only to illustrate a point which would be hard to elaborate on otherwise (i.e. for ease of understanding)

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• Multilingual Search Engine

  Users can formulate a question in any language and receive a precise answer in the same language Web search engine - Search - Language - Google - Web Design and Development

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• Is there a language or design pattern that allows the *removal* of object behavior or properties in a class hierarchy?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  A well-know shortcoming of traditional class hierarchies is that they are bad when it comes to model the real world. As an example, trying to represent animals species with classes. There are actually several problems when doing that, but one that I never saw a solution to is when a sub-class "looses" a behavior or properties that was defined in a super-class, like a penguin not being able to fly (there are probably better examples, but that's the first one that comes to my mind, having seen "Madagascar 2" recently). On the one hand, you don't want to define for every property and behavior some flag that specifies if it is at all present, and check it every time before accessing that behavior or property. You would just like to say that birds can fly, simply and clearly, in the Bird class. But then it would be nice if one could define "exceptions" afterward, without having to use some horrible hacks everywhere. This often happens when a system has been productive for a while. You suddenly find an "exception" that doesn't fit in the original design at all, and you don't want to change a large portion of your code to accommodate it. So, is there some language or design patterns that can cleanly handle this problem, without requiring major changes to the "super-class", and all the code that uses it? Even if a solution only handle a specific case, several solutions might together form a complete strategy. [EDIT] Forgot about the Liskov Substitution Principle. That is why you can't do it. Assuming you define "traits/interfaces" for all major "feature groups", you can freely implement traits in different branches of the hierarchy, like the Flying trait could be implemented by Birds, and some special kind of squirrels and fish. So my question could amount to "How could I un-implement a trait?" If your super-class is a Java Serializable, you have to be one too, even if there is no way for you to serialize your state, for example if you contained a "Socket". So one way to do it is to always define all your traits in pair from the start: Flying and NotFlying (which would throw UnsupportedOperationExceiption, if not checked against). The Not-trait would not define any new interface, and could be simply checked for. Sounds like a "cheap" solution, in particular if used from the start.

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• Best Language for the job? Database | C++, .NET, Java

  - by Randy E

  Ok, quick overview. I'm pretty brand new to software design. I have experience reading and editing/customizing PHP things for online scripts/software; Such as CMS, Wordpress, some forum solutions. I'm about to begin my degree in Software Design, the school I'm going to will allow us to kind of focus on an area, C++, Java, or .NET. I've played around a little with VB over the past week, mostly just trying to get a slight feel for it, however nothing extensive. I've been through Herbert Schildt's "C++, A Beginner's Guide." but I was mainly reading it, not doing anything with it beyond a couple basic Console Apps (and getting frustrated with auto-close :/ ). Now, where I decide to focus more in with my degree will depend on what the best language for the job is for my first piece of software I want to develop on my own. Assume I haven't looked at any of the languages at all, please help with the following: My first piece of software will be a database program. Everything has to do with users inputting and retrieving data, and calling that data to help with another function of the software, automatically calculating billing information based on information inputted in the other portion of the program. I won't go into too many details as I'm targeting a niche that doesn't have too much competition, but the competition that is there is established. I want to offer more features, scalable solutions, and the ability to port it to an online version. Ok, basically, it is a complete case management with integrated billing for Private Investigators. I would like the case management to be able to check the Database to see if certain information has been inputted before (such as Names/SSN's), and then the billing will pull hours inputted in the case portion for investigative work, multiplying by an already inputted amount for the fee, and then calculate sales tax. I also want to provide potential clients with an easily scalable solution, that is, a basic option for start ups that costs the least amount, with no additional users, ran on one machine. A middle option with the ability to create users and place them in two groups (User or Admin), as well as adding a few additional features, ran on one machine, but this will allow it to be accessed after being mapped on a network drive. And a third option to allow the placement into 4 different groups (Investigators, Billing, Managers, Admins) and more features. And then, a couple of years after launch, a 4th option that is browser based allowing the same 4 groups to login, as well as clients (view things concerning their case, with some admin customizable objects that can be added for clients view), over the internet. The only licensing security I would like to employ right off the bat will be serial key generated after ordering online (received in an email after the successful purchase). The program will access a database stored on a server periodically to verify license. I would like it to be able to check to make sure it's the most updated version and automatically update if not.

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• How are Programming Languages Designed?

  - by RectangleTangle

  After doing a bit of programming, I've become quite curious on language design itself. I'm still a novice (I've been doing it for about a year), so the majority of my code pertains to only two fields (GUI design in Python and basic algorithms in C/C++). I have become intrigued with how the actual languages themselves are written. I mean this in both senses. Such as how it was literally written (ie, what language the language was written in). As well as various features like white spacing (Python) or object orientation (C++ and Python). Where would one start learning how to write a language? What are some of the fundamentals of language design, things that would make it a "complete" language?

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• F#: Putting the 'Fun' into 'Functional'

  The functional language F# is a first-class language in Visual Studio 2010 Microsoft Visual Studio - Microsoft - Language - Visual Studio 2010 - Programming

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• WIX installer with Custom Actions: "built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded."

  - by Rimer

  I have a WIX installer that executes Custom Actions over the course of install. When I run the WIX installer, and it encounters its first Custom Action, the installer fails out, and I receive an error in the MSI log as follows: Action start 12:03:53: LoadBCAConfigDefaults. SFXCA: Extracting custom action to temporary directory: C:\DOCUME~1\ELOY06~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\MSI10C.tmp-\ SFXCA: Binding to CLR version v2.0.50727 Calling custom action WIXCustomActions!WIXCustomActions.CustomActions.LoadBCAConfigDefaults Error: could not load custom action class WIXCustomActions.CustomActions from assembly: WIXCustomActions System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'WIXCustomActions' or one of its dependencies. This assembly is built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded. File name: 'WIXCustomActions' at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.AppDomain.Load(String assemblyString) at Microsoft.Deployment.WindowsInstaller.CustomActionProxy.GetCustomActionMethod(Session session, String assemblyName, String className, String methodName) ... the specific problem from above is "System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'WIXCustomActions' or one of its dependencies. This assembly is built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded." The wordage of that error seems to indicate something like an incorrectly referenced .NET framework or something (I'm targeting 3.5 in both my custom actions and its dependencies), but I can't figure out where to make a change to address this problem. Any ideas? .... Not sure if this will help but it's the CustomActions package batch file I run to create the .dll package containing the custom action functions: =============== call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" @echo on cd "C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions" csc /target:library /r:"C:\program files\windows installer xml v3.6\sdk\microsoft.deployment.windowsinstaller.dll" /r:"C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\eLoyalty.PortalLib.dll" /out:"C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\WIXCustomActions.dll" CustomActions.cs cd "C:\Program Files\Windows Installer XML v3.6\SDK" makesfxca "C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\BatchCustomerAnalysisWIXCustomActionsPackage.dll" "c:\program files\windows installer xml v3.6\sdk\x86\sfxca.dll" "C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\WIXCustomActions.dll" customaction.config Microsoft.Deployment.WindowsInstaller.dll

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• Speech recognition plugin Runtime Error: Unhandled Exception. What could possibly cause it?

  - by manuel

  I'm writing a plugin (dll file) for speech recognition, and I'm creating a WinForm as its interface/dialog. When I run the plugin and click a button to start the initialization, I get an unhandled exception. Below is the complete details of it. See the end of this message for details on invoking just-in-time (JIT) debugging instead of this dialog box. ***** Exception Text ******* System.ArgumentException: Value does not fall within the expected range. at System.Speech.Internal.SapiInterop.SapiProxy.MTAThread.Invoke2(VoidDelegate pfn) at System.Speech.Internal.SapiInterop.SapiRecognizer.SetInput(Object input, Boolean allowFormatChanges) at System.Speech.Recognition.RecognizerBase.SetInputToDefaultAudioDevice() at System.Speech.Recognition.SpeechRecognitionEngine.SetInputToDefaultAudioDevice() at gen_myplugin.Dialog.init() at gen_myplugin.Dialog.btnSpeak_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs mevent) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmMouseUp(Message& m, MouseButtons button, Int32 clicks) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.ButtonBase.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.OnMessage(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) ***** Loaded Assemblies ******* mscorlib Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3603 (GDR.050727-3600) CodeBase: file:///c:/WINDOWS/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v2.0.50727/mscorlib.dll ---------------------------------------- gen_speechquery Assembly Version: 1.0.3755.878 Win32 Version: CodeBase: file:///C:/Program%20Files/Winamp/Plugins/gen_speechquery.dll ---------------------------------------- msvcm90 Assembly Version: 9.0.30729.1 Win32 Version: 9.00.30729.1 CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/WinSxS/x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_x-ww_6f74963e/msvcm90.dll ---------------------------------------- System.Windows.Forms Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3053 (netfxsp.050727-3000) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.Windows.Forms.dll ---------------------------------------- System Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3053 (netfxsp.050727-3000) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.dll ---------------------------------------- System.Drawing Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3053 (netfxsp.050727-3000) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/System.Drawing.dll ---------------------------------------- System.Speech Assembly Version: 3.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 3.0.6920.1109 (lh_tools_devdiv_wpf.071009-1109) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Speech/3.0.0.0__31bf3856ad364e35/System.Speech.dll ***** JIT Debugging ******* To enable just-in-time (JIT) debugging, the .config file for this application or computer (machine.config) must have the jitDebugging value set in the system.windows.forms section. The application must also be compiled with debugging enabled. For example: When JIT debugging is enabled, any unhandled exception will be sent to the JIT debugger registered on the computer rather than be handled by this dialog box.

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• That assembly does not allow partially trusted callers although the zone is fully trusted.

  - by Frederik Gheysels

  Since yesterday, I receive a security exception when I want to run a unit-test from within VS.NET 2008. The error goes like this: SecurityException: that assembly does not allow partially trusted callers ... The assembly that failed was : file:///S:/MyProject/MyAssembly.dll The S: drive is a mapped drive which points to a physical location on my disk. What I find very strange, is that this used to work for months previously. I mean, I did this all the time. In order to get this to work, I 've created a new security zone with the caspol utility in order to give this S: network share drive FullTrust. In other words, when I run caspol -m -lg I see this (I removed the other zones for the sake of brevity): 1.2. Zone - Intranet: LocalIntranet 1.2.1. All code: Same site Web 1.2.2. All code: Same directory FileIO - 'Read, PathDiscovery' 1.2.3. Url - file://R:/*: FullTrust 1.2.4. Url - file://S:/*: FullTrust 1.2.5. Url - file:///S:/*: FullTrust I've added the 1.2.5 zone just recently because the error that was given, mentionned file:///s:/.... Any ideas ? Could it be that this has something to do with the installation of VS.NET 2010 or the .NET Framework version 4.0 ?

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• IIS 7.5 refuses to load 64-bit assembly - possible CAS problem?

  - by Rune

  Hi, I just downloaded the Orchard CMS, opened it up in VS2008 and hit F5: Everything runs fine. I then created a website in IIS 7.5 and pointed it to the web project's directory and set up permissions correctly (I hope). I downloaded the 64-bit version System.Data.SQLite as suggested here: Orchard Work Item 14798 and here: SO: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Data.SQLite'. The site runs in Full Trust. When I point my browser to the site running through IIS I get Could not load file or assembly 'System.Data.SQLite, Version=1.0.65.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=db937bc2d44ff139' or one of its dependencies. Failed to grant minimum permission requests. I don't know much about Code Access Security (if that is even what's at play here), so I am at a loss here. What am I doing wrong / not understanding / not seeing? How do I provide appropriate permissions and to whom / what? Is there any hope of ever deploying this application to a hoster where I am only allowed to run in Medium Trust? Any help, pointers or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. NOTE: the question is not why this initially worked when run through Cassini. The answer to that question is contained in the answer to the SO question referenced above.

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• How do I reference an unsigned assembly from a VSTO Word Doc project?

  - by Gishu

  I created a new project in VS2008. Project type Visual C# > Office > 2007 > Word 2007 Document Added some code.. got Word to do a few jumps through some custom hoops.. all fine. Now I need to reference another assembly (CopyLocal as false) which is not signed. So I add the project reference. Now the project will not build complaining error MSB3188: Assembly 'X.dll' must be strong signed in order to be marked as a prerequisite. The error code page is concise (now accustomed to this) Been googling and reading posts ever since.. No Luck. How do I get around this ? Or is the hidden commandment that all references (for VSTO?) must be strong named / signed. I cannot sign 'X.dll' and be done with it because it is a binary that I don't control also it depends on another bunch of unsigned dlls.. can't set off a chain sign reaction. Update: Solved the build issue by turning CopyLocal=True. But this meant dumping the referenced X.DLL and all its dependencies into the bin\debug folder... Ughh! Tried creating a subfolder called bin\debug\refExecs and referencing X.dll CopyLocal=false from there. The error message was back.

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• Clarification needed: How does .NET runtime resolve assembly references from parent folder?

  - by aoven

  I have the following output structure of executables in my solution: %ProgramFiles% | +-[MyAppName] | +-[Client] | | | +-(EXE & several DLL assemblies) | +-[Common] | | | +-[Schema Assemblies] | | | | | +-(several DLL assemblies) | | | +-(several DLL assemblies) | +-[Server] | +-(EXE & several DLL assemblies) Each project in solution references different DLL assemblies, some of which are outputs from other projects in solution, and others are plain 3rd-party assemblies. For example, [Client] EXE might reference an assembly in [Common], which is in a different directory branch. All references have "Copy Local" set to false, to mirror the layout of the files in the final installed application. Now, if I take a look at reference properties in the Visual Studio IDE, I see that "Path" of every reference is absolute and that it corresponds to the actual output location of the assembly. That's understandable and correct. As expected, solution compiles and runs just fine. What I don't understand is, why everything seems to work even when I close the IDE, rename the [MyAppName] directory and run the [Client] EXE manually? How does the runtime find the assemblies if the reference paths aren't the same as they were at the time of linking? To be clear - this is actually exactly what I'm after: a semi-dispersed set of application files that run fine regardless of where the [MyAppName] directory is located or even what it's named. I'd just like to know, how and why this works without any specific path resolution on my part. I've read the answers to this similar question, but I still don't get it. Help much appreciated!

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• Is it possible to load an assembly targeting a different .NET runtime version in a new app domain?

  - by Notre

  Hello, I've an application that is based on .NET 2 runtime. I want to add a little bit of support for .NET 4 but don't want to (in the short term), convert the whole application (which is very large) to target .NET 4. I tried the 'obvious' approach of creating an application .config file, having this: <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" /> </startup> but I ran into some problems that I noted here. I got the idea of creating a separate app domain. To test it, I created a WinForm project targeting .NET 2. I then created a class library targeting .NET 4. In my WinForm project, I added the following code: AppDomainSetup setup = new AppDomainSetup(); setup.ApplicationBase = "path to .NET 4 assembly"; setup.ConfigurationFile = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\DotNet4AppDomain.exe.config"; // Set up the Evidence Evidence baseEvidence = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence; Evidence evidence = new Evidence(baseEvidence); // Create the AppDomain AppDomain dotNet4AppDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("DotNet4AppDomain", evidence, setup); try { Assembly doNet4Assembly = dotNet4AppDomain.Load( new AssemblyName("MyDotNet4Assembly, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=66f0dac1b575e793")); MessageBox.Show(doNet4Assembly.FullName); } finally { AppDomain.Unload(dotNet4AppDomain); } My DotNet4AppDomain.exe.config file looks like this: <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" /> </startup> Unfortunately, this throws the BadImageFormatException when dotNet4AppDomain.Load is executed. Am I doing something wrong in my code, or is what I'm trying to do just not going to work? Thank you!

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• What is the best cross-platform language for desktop applications? (Java, Adobe Air, Flex, Silverlight??, Anything Else)

  - by Sootah

  My business partner needs a desktop application programmed, and it needs to be cross-platform as he wants Mac owners (OS X) to be able to run it as well. This, of course, is a bit of a problem for me as I program in PHP for my web projects and exclusively in C# (formerly used Visual Basic) for my desktop apps. I've been using (and love) NetBeans for my PHP stuff, and love Visual Studio just as much; they're both excellent IDEs. With this in mind, I'd like to find a language and IDE that's as similar to Visual Studio as possible (or at least something that makes development as easy as it does) for my cross-platform application development. In fact, if there is a language I can use with VS I'd be extremely happy. I realize that NetBeans has a Java Desktop App IDE, but have been having problems with it (my question in regards to that issue is here. I am also not sure that I really want to learn and use Java if there is a better, easier option out there. Obviously, the first language that came to mind that I can use cross-platform was Java, but I've also heard of people using Adobe Air, as well as Flex being used. I've never programmed in any of those languages, and as such have no frame of reference from which I can decide which would be best for me. I'm also not sure what other options there may be for me; perhaps there's another language I can use that'd be better than the three options I've already provided. (Can you make desktop apps with Silverlight? If so, did MS make an interpreter that will get them to work on OS X?) I like the syntax of C# quite a bit, and the Visual Studio IDE makes it extremely easy to make my apps with. As such, I'd like to find something that'll work as well for me with the cross-platform shatner as C# and its IDE does with my Windows apps. Thanks in advance for your help/opinions!

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• Can I use encrypt web.config with a custom protection provider who's assembly is not in the GAC?

  - by James

  I have written a custom protected configuration provider for my web.config. When I try to encrypt my web.config with it I get the following error from aspnet_iisreg aspnet_regiis.exe -pef appSettings . -prov CustomProvider (This is running in my MSBuild) Could not load file or assembly 'MyCustomProviderNamespace' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. After checking with the Fusion log, I confirm it is checking both the GAC, and 'C:/WINNT/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v2.0.50727/' (the location of aspnet_iisreg). But it cannot find the provider. I do not want to move my component into the GAC, I want to leave the custom assembly in my ApplicationBase to copy around to various servers without having to pull/push from the GAC. Here is my provider configuration in the web.config. <configProtectedData> <providers> <add name="CustomProvider" type="MyCustomProviderNamespace.MyCustomProviderClass, MyCustomProviderNamespace" /> </providers> </configProtectedData> Has anyone got any ideas?

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• Obfuscator for .NET assembly (Maybe just a C++ obfuscator?)

  - by Pirate for Profit

  The software company I work for is using a ton of open source LGPL/BSD/MIT C++ code that we have written wrappers around to port "helper classes" into a .NET assembly, via C++/CLI. These libraries have wrapped old cryptic APIs into easy-to-use ones based on common sense, and will be very helpful for a lot of different tasks will be included in many future client's applications, and we might even license it to other software companies in the same field. So naturally we are tasked with looking into solutions for securing the code from prying eyes. What we're trying to do is stop the casual observer from seeing what's going on. Now I have hacked some crazy shit in EverQuest and other video games in my day so I know with enough tireless effort anything can be done. But we don't want to make it easy for whomever. To the point, besides the Visual Studio compiler's optimizations, is there's a C++ obfuscator or .NET assembly obfuscator (after it's been built o.O) or something that would scramble everything up, re-arrange data structures, string constants, etc. idk? And if such a thing exists, we'd be curious to know how that would impact performance, as some sections of code are time critical (funny saying that using a managed M$ framework).

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• What is the strangest programming language you have used?

  - by Anders Sandvig

  For me I think it has to be the scripting language of an old proprietary telephony platform I used in the early 2000s. The language itself was not so bad, but the fact that it was meant to be edited with a drag-and-drop GUI, which did not expose all the functionality I needed, was quite frustrating. I also remember having to manually implement many common functions, such as calculating the length of a string. Whenever I wanted to use "custom" or "advanced" functions, I had to edit the script files in a text editor, but as soon as I opened the files in the GUI again they were reformatted and restructured, which usually resulted in broken code. And, of course, this was an interpreted language, so I would not know it was broken until I actually ran it—oh, and did I mention that it did not run the same in the simulator as in the live environment? So, what is the strangest programming language or environment you have used, and why did you use it? Note that I'm interested in languages and environments that you have actually used for "real-world" situations, so Whitespace, Brainf***k and friends are not valid—unless you have used them for something "real", of course.

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• Configuration Error , Finding assembly after I swapped referenced dll out. Visual Studio 2003

  - by TampaRich

  Here is the situation. I had a clean build of my asp.net web application working. I then went into the bin folder under the web app and replaced two referenced dll's with two older version of the same dll's. (Same name etc.) After testing I replaced those dll's back to the new ones and now my application keeps throwing the configuration error === Pre-bind state information === LOG: DisplayName = xxxxx.xxxx.Personalization (Partial) LOG: Appbase = file:///c:/inetpub/wwwroot/appname LOG: Initial PrivatePath = bin Calling assembly : (Unknown). LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind). I found this issue on the web and tried all the solutions to it but nothing worked. I then went into all my projects that it references under the solution and cleared out the bin/debug folder in each, I cleared out the obj folder under each and also deleted the temporary files associated with the application. I rebuilt it and it still will not work due to this error Not sure what is causing this or how to fix this issue. I have tried restarting IIS, stopping index services which was said to be a known issue. This is .net framework 1.1 app and visual studio 2003 Any suggestions would be great. Thanks.

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• Guidelines for creating a programming-language enjoyable to write programs in?

  - by sub

  I'm currently working on the topic of programming-languages and interpreter-design. I have already created several programming languages but couldn't reach my goal so far: Create a programming-language which focuses on giving the programmer a good feeling when writing code in it. It should just be fun and/or interesting and in no case annoying to write something in it. I get this feeling when writing code in Python. I sometimes get the opposite with PHP and in rare cases when having to reinvent some wheel in C++. So I've tried to figure out some syntactical features to make programming in my new language fun, but I just can't find any. Which concrete features, maybe mainly in terms of syntax, do/could make programming in a language fun? Examples: I find it enjoyable to program in Ruby because of it's use of code blocks. It would be nice if you could include exactly one example in your answer Those features do not have to already exist in any language! I'm doing this because I have experienced extreme rises in (my own) productivity when programming in languages I love (because of particular features).

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• How to get rid of Google's language detection permanently?

  - by wabbble

  Using Chrome 15 on Windows (all tho' I've learned it doesn't matter what browser you use), when using a Google product it automatically either translates or redirects to my native language. If I go google.com, I excpect to get the English version of it - that does not happen, instead I have to click on the bottom of the page on the link "Go to Google MyLanguage" and it still does the same thing after closing and opening the browser. Hence my question, how to disable (get rid of, for good) Google's language detection? Maybe there's a work-around?

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• Integration test failing through NUnit Gui/Console, but passes through TestDriven in IDE

  - by Cliff

  I am using NHibernate against an Oracle database with the NHibernate.Driver.OracleDataClientDriver driver class. I have an integration test that pulls back expected data properly when executed through the IDE using TestDriven.net. However, when I run the unit test through the NUnit GUI or Console, NHibernate throws an exception saying it cannot find the Oracle.DataAccess assembly. Obviously, this prevents me from running my integration tests as part of my CI process. NHibernate.HibernateException : The IDbCommand and IDbConnection implementation in the assembly Oracle.DataAccess could not be found. Ensure that the assembly Oracle.DataAccess is located in the application directory or in the Global Assembly Cache. If the assembly is in the GAC, use element in the application configuration file to specify the full name of the assembly.* I have tried making the assembly available in two ways, by copying it into the bin\debug folder and by adding the element in the config file. Again, both methods work when executing through TestDriven in the IDE. Neither work when executing through NUnit GUI/Console. The NUnit Gui log displays the following message. 21:42:26,377 ERROR [TestRunnerThread] ReflectHelper [(null)]- Could not load type Oracle.DataAccess.Client.OracleConnection, Oracle.DataAccess. System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'Oracle.DataAccess, Version=2.111.7.20, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342' or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format. File name: 'Oracle.DataAccess, Version=2.111.7.20, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342' --- System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'Oracle.DataAccess' or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format. File name: 'Oracle.DataAccess' I am running NUnit 2.4.8, TestDriven.net 2.24 and VS2008sp1 on Windows 7 64bit. Oracle Data Provider v2.111.7.20, NHibernate v2.1.0.4. Has anyone run into this issue, better yet, fixed it?

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• Which programming language is manageable by an 11 year old kid?

  - by tangens

  Possible Duplicates: What is the easiest language to start with? What are some recommended programming resources for pre-teens? My son is 11 years old and he would like to learn a programming language. Of course his primary goal is to develop some (simple) games. Do you know of a programming language that is suitable for this situation? Summary of languages recommended in the answers Snake Wrangling for Kids (answer) Scratch (answer) Small Basic (answer) (answer) Logo NXT-G for Lego Mindstorms (answer) Alice (answer) BlueJ (answer) Squeak Smalltalk (answer) (answer) (answer) Blender Game Engine (answer) PyGame (answer) (answer) (answer) Inform (answer) Phrogram (answer) Dr Scheme (answer) eToys (answer) runrev (answer) Karel Programming (answer) Hackety Hack (answer) Visual Basic (answer) (answer) Learn to Program (answer) QBasic (answer) (answer) Visual Basic Express (answer) Processing (answer) C# (answer) JavaScript (answer) (answer) Ruby (answer) ToonTalk (answer) Flash and ActionScript (answer) StarLogo (answer) Java (answer) Kodu (answer) XNA (answer) (answer) unity3D (answer) BlitzBasic (answer)(answer) Lua (answer)

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• .NET Security Part 2

  - by Simon Cooper

  So, how do you create partial-trust appdomains? Where do you come across them? There are two main situations in which your assembly runs as partially-trusted using the Microsoft .NET stack: Creating a CLR assembly in SQL Server with anything other than the UNSAFE permission set. The permissions available in each permission set are given here. Loading an assembly in ASP.NET in any trust level other than Full. Information on ASP.NET trust levels can be found here. You can configure the specific permissions available to assemblies using ASP.NET policy files. Alternatively, you can create your own partially-trusted appdomain in code and directly control the permissions and the full-trust API available to the assemblies you load into the appdomain. This is the scenario I’ll be concentrating on in this post. Creating a partially-trusted appdomain There is a single overload of AppDomain.CreateDomain that allows you to specify the permissions granted to assemblies in that appdomain – this one. This is the only call that allows you to specify a PermissionSet for the domain. All the other calls simply use the permissions of the calling code. If the permissions are restricted, then the resulting appdomain is referred to as a sandboxed domain. There are three things you need to create a sandboxed domain: The specific permissions granted to all assemblies in the domain. The application base (aka working directory) of the domain. The list of assemblies that have full-trust if they are loaded into the sandboxed domain. The third item is what allows us to have a fully-trusted API that is callable by partially-trusted code. I’ll be looking at the details of this in a later post. Granting permissions to the appdomain Firstly, the permissions granted to the appdomain. This is encapsulated in a PermissionSet object, initialized either with no permissions or full-trust permissions. For sandboxed appdomains, the PermissionSet is initialized with no permissions, then you add permissions you want assemblies loaded into that appdomain to have by default: PermissionSet restrictedPerms = new PermissionSet(PermissionState.None); // all assemblies need Execution permission to run at all restrictedPerms.AddPermission( new SecurityPermission(SecurityPermissionFlag.Execution)); // grant general read access to C:\config.xml restrictedPerms.AddPermission( new FileIOPermission(FileIOPermissionAccess.Read, @"C:\config.xml")); // grant permission to perform DNS lookups restrictedPerms.AddPermission( new DnsPermission(PermissionState.Unrestricted)); It’s important to point out that the permissions granted to an appdomain, and so to all assemblies loaded into that appdomain, are usable without needing to go through any SafeCritical code (see my last post if you’re unsure what SafeCritical code is). That is, partially-trusted code loaded into an appdomain with the above permissions (and so running under the Transparent security level) is able to create and manipulate a FileStream object to read from C:\config.xml directly. It is only for operations requiring permissions that are not granted to the appdomain that partially-trusted code is required to call a SafeCritical method that then asserts the missing permissions and performs the operation safely on behalf of the partially-trusted code. The application base of the domain This is simply set as a property on an AppDomainSetup object, and is used as the default directory assemblies are loaded from: AppDomainSetup appDomainSetup = new AppDomainSetup { ApplicationBase = @"C:\temp\sandbox", }; If you’ve read the documentation around sandboxed appdomains, you’ll notice that it mentions a security hole if this parameter is set correctly. I’ll be looking at this, and other pitfalls, that will break the sandbox when using sandboxed appdomains, in a later post. Full-trust assemblies in the appdomain Finally, we need the strong names of the assemblies that, when loaded into the appdomain, will be run as full-trust, irregardless of the permissions specified on the appdomain. These assemblies will contain methods and classes decorated with SafeCritical and Critical attributes. I’ll be covering the details of creating full-trust APIs for partial-trust appdomains in a later post. This is how you get the strongnames of an assembly to be executed as full-trust in the sandbox: // get the Assembly object for the assembly Assembly assemblyWithApi = ... // get the StrongName from the assembly's collection of evidence StrongName apiStrongName = assemblyWithApi.Evidence.GetHostEvidence<StrongName>(); Creating the sandboxed appdomain So, putting these three together, you create the appdomain like so: AppDomain sandbox = AppDomain.CreateDomain( "Sandbox", null, appDomainSetup, restrictedPerms, apiStrongName); You can then load and execute assemblies in this appdomain like any other. For example, to load an assembly into the appdomain and get an instance of the Sandboxed.Entrypoint class, implementing IEntrypoint, you do this: IEntrypoint o = (IEntrypoint)sandbox.CreateInstanceFromAndUnwrap( "C:\temp\sandbox\SandboxedAssembly.dll", "Sandboxed.Entrypoint"); // call method the Execute method on this object within the sandbox o.Execute(); The second parameter to CreateDomain is for security evidence used in the appdomain. This was a feature of the .NET 2 security model, and has been (mostly) obsoleted in the .NET 4 model. Unless the evidence is needed elsewhere (eg. isolated storage), you can pass in null for this parameter. Conclusion That’s the basics of sandboxed appdomains. The most important object is the PermissionSet that defines the permissions available to assemblies running in the appdomain; it is this object that defines the appdomain as full or partial-trust. The appdomain also needs a default directory used for assembly lookups as the ApplicationBase parameter, and you can specify an optional list of the strongnames of assemblies that will be given full-trust permissions if they are loaded into the sandboxed appdomain. Next time, I’ll be looking closer at full-trust assemblies running in a sandboxed appdomain, and what you need to do to make an API available to partial-trust code.

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• Can you help me think of problems for my programming language?

  - by I can't tell you my name.

  I've created an experimental toy programming language with a (now) working interpreter. It is turing-complete and has a pretty low-level instruction set. Even if everything takes four to six times more code and time than in PHP, Python or Ruby I still love programming all kinds of things in it. So I got the "basic" things that are written in many languages working: Hello World Input - Output Countdowns (not as easy as you think as there are no loops) Factorials Array emulation 99 Bottles of Beer (simple, wrong inflection) 99 Bottles of Beer (canonical) Conjatz conjecture Quine (that was a fun one!) Brainf*ck interpreter (To proof turing-completeness, made me happy) So I implemented all of the above examples because: They all used many different aspects of the language They are pretty interesting They don't take hours to write Now my problem is: I've run out of ideas! I don't find any more examples of what problems I could solve using my language. Do you have any programming problems which fit into some of the criteria above for me to work out?

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