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• printing in linux

  - by Neilvert Noval

  Hello all. I've been a linux user for quite some time. But haven't do printing until now. I just wanna ask how to do printing in linux? I have researched a bit on it. I found some $> echo "print me" > /dev/lp0, but unfortunately, I have no lp0 in my /dev. I don't know if this is the right thing to do. Nevertheless, please tell me of ways on how I can print from my linux box. Here are some details: OS: debian linux 5.0.4 printer: disclosed until it is necessary connection: usb connection So do i need to add a printer first? From the printer manual that I read, this printer model has no linux driver.

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• Is ext4 more expensive than ntfs?

  - by ???

  I have just converted an NTFS partition to ext4, however the total space seems reduced from 421G to 415G. Where did the 6G go? And, the reserved space is grown to 199M in ext4, much larger compared to 78M in NTFS, why? The partition is mainly used for movies/musics, so most files are very large (10M each). I want to use ext4 file system, is there any suggestion? mkfs.ntfs: /dev/sdb4 421G 78M 421G 1% /mnt/mmedia mkfs.ext4: /dev/sdb4 415G 199M 393G 1% /mnt/mmedia It's also weired that the remaining size of ext4 is 393G, shouldn't it be 415G or 414G? What happened to the disappeared 22G? Compared to NTFS, ext4 seems eaten 28G in total.

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• Disable log rotation for apache or move file location

  - by vittocia

  I need to change the log retention for apache, currently is seems to be running on the default from logrotate.conf which is weekly. It creates 'access_log.1' 'access_log.2' and so on for each week. The problem is it deletes the last log file every week, 'access_log.5', I need the logs to keep going infinitely instead of the last log being deleted every week. It seems to be running on the default value from logrotate.conf - I don't want to change the default values held in that file, so I assume there is a way to change the retention using the /etc/logrotate.d/httpd file? the contents are as follows: /var/log/httpd/*log { missingok notifempty sharedscripts postrotate /sbin/service httpd reload > /dev/null 2>/dev/null || true endscript } what can I add/change to stop the last log being deleted every week?

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• controlling the bandwidth using tc

  - by Supratik

  Hi I have two NIC etho is connected to the internet and eth1 is connected to the LAN. I want to restrict the download limit using iptables and linux tc. So I wrote a test script to verify if it is working. My iptables configuration is as below. iptables -t mangle -N INBOUND iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING -i eth0 -j INBOUND iptables -t mangle -A INBOUND -j MARK --set-mark 60 My ingress configuration is as below. tc qdisc add dev eth0 handle 1: ingress tc filter add dev eth0 parent 1: protocol ip prio 1 handle 60 fw police rate 100kbit burst 20kbit drop flowid :1 Can you please tell me what I am missing here ?

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• Reverse lookup of inode/file from offset in raw device on linux and ext3/4?

  - by lilinjn

  In linux, given an offset into a raw disk device, is it possible to map back to an partition + inode? For example, suppose I know that string "xyz" is contained at byte offset 1000000 on /dev/sda: (e.g. xxd -l 100 -s 1000000 /dev/sda shows a dump that begins with "xyz") 1) How do I figure out which partition (if any) offset 1000000 is located in?(I imagine this is easy, but am including it for completeness) 2) Assuming the offset is located in a partition, how do I go about finding which inode it belongs to (or determine that it is part of free space) ? Presumably this is filesystem specific, in which case does any one know how to do this for ext4 and ext3?

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• Ping6 fail on linux

  - by michelemarcon

  I have 2 linux box configured with IPv4. I have tried adding IPv6 to them. I have issued this commands on box1: ip -6 addr add fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1/48 dev eth0 And I get this: inet6 addr: fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1/48 Scope:Global Then I have issued this command on box2: ip -6 addr add fd32:2d7f:f3c2::1/48 dev eth0 Back on box1 (command/response): ping6 fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1 is alive! ping6 fd32:2d7f:f3c2::1 ping6: sendto: Network is unreachable Why doesn't box1 ping box2 (of course, also box2 can't ping box1)?

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• raid 5 creation (using mdadm) lots of read/writes on creation: is this normal?

  - by Gbrits

  I created a software raid 5 disk using: mdadm -C /dev/md2 -l5 -n4 /dev/sd[i-l] at the same time I'm using dstat to see io-activity: dstat -c -d -D total,sda1,md2,sdi,sdj,sdk,sdl -l -m -n and notice that disks sd[i-k] are all read from and sdl is written to. Now, I do understand that raid5 has to be configured, but it takes a really long time and all disks are clean & formatted (using xfs) so I figure there might be some kind of shortcut to skip (unnecessary? ) checking.. Is it? The creation is part of a time-critical nightly batch-process (run on amazon ec2) so it's not a one-time thing. Thanks, Geert-Jan

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• When HDD becomes full, how to create a symbolic link to the data store on another disk?

  - by Brij Raj Singh

  I have a Linux Ubuntu machine which has an X GB hard disk. There is folder, say, /opt/software/data. The disk /dev/sda1 is almost full and I have attached another disk at /dev/sda2 which is mounted at /hdd2. Is it possible for me to link the folders /opt/software/data with /hdd2/software/data so, that every file get stored in the /hdd2/software/data but may be referred from the /opt/software/data? I can't do a reinstall of the software that creates this data, to change the default location of storage.

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• Windows 2008 Server on VMWare (hardware)

  - by Bill

  I want to setup a single server to run a few virtual servers for our datacenter. I do not have a lot of money to spend so I am trying to gain bang for the buck. My budget is around $2,000. So I was thinking about building the following as the VMWare physical server: Intel iCore 7 950 (LGA1366, 4 cores,8 threads) Gigabyte GA-X58-USB3 LGA 1366 X58 ATX Intel Motherboard 24 GB of Viper II Series, Sector 7 Edition, Extreme Performance DDR3-1600 (PC3-12800) CL9 Triple Channel Memory VelociRaptor 300GB 10,000 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive I am planning on running the newest version of VMWare ESXi (64-bit). On these I am planning on running a few various servers: Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ IIS (several custom built ASP.NET Apps) Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ MS SQL 2008 Database Server Linux Web Server w/ Several WordPress Blogs (XAMPP?) Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ IIS (DEV ENVIRONMENT) Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ MS SQL 2008 Database Server (DEV ENVIRONMENT) In your opinion, will this hardware be sufficient to run the above load with room for possible 2-3 more virtual machines (probably lightweight web servers)?

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• gevent with Django as daemon

  - by jonathonmorgan

  I've been developing an app using django_socketio (a python port of the Node equivalent), which relies on gevent. It ships with a Django management command that runs gevent's pywsgi server, but that of course stops when I close my terminal window, just like Django's dev server. This is a proof of concept, and there's no expectation that it would hold up in a production environment, but I'd like to have the server at least "permanently" process HTTP requests, so I don't need to manually start the dev server in order to demo. I'm assuming I need to run this as a daemon process, but prior to this I've only used apache and mod_wsgi, so unsure of where to begin, or even how I would go about starting a daemon. I found gevent-spawn, which looks promising, but it's unclear to me how that code is executed. Basically, how would I use gevent to serve a Django app in a setting without manually starting/stopping the server?

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• Partition and mount my secondary hard drive on CentOS 5.5 64bit?

  - by Andrew Fashion

  I am trying to prepare my second hard drive for user image uploads. Here is the current layout: # sudo parted /dev/sda print Model: ATA WDC WD2500KS-00M (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot 2 107MB 8595MB 8488MB primary linux-swap 3 8595MB 10.7GB 2147MB primary ext3 4 10.7GB 250GB 239GB extended 5 10.7GB 250GB 239GB logical ext3 Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. I am assuming #4 is my secondary drive? How do I partition and mount it so I can begin using it? And how do I add to fstab? I understand if it's to many questions in one, just help me with whatever you can I guess :) Thank you for any help!

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• Recover Partition-Table still present in running system

  - by theomega

  Hy, I accidentially overwrote the first 1M of my harddisk on linux (using dd). So, the partition-table is gone. I can still access all partition (except the first one) using /dev/sda2 (and so on), so the data is still there. I only need the partition boundaries to restore the table. How can I do this? The Linux-Kernel must still know them because all mount-points still work. fdisk -l /dev/sda doesn't work because it acctualy reads the partition table. Thanks!

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• Linux USB to work as cd rom on mac

  - by user157483

  I am working in driver development in linux USB modules. I have written driver for usb and it is working as cd rom in windows machine 1)I made first partation as fat32 "modprobe g_hidmass file=/dev/mmcblk0p1 cdrom=1 stall=0 removable=1" this works fine in windows 2)I made first partation as hfs partation "modprobe g_hidmass file=/dev/mmcblk0p1 cdrom=1 stall=0 removable=1" but same thing i applied with hfs partation in MAC it is getting error like this "The disk you inserted was not readable by this computer" in diskutil it is shown as CD-rom but not reading the file system. frame like this Please help me how can I overcome this error...

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• Need information on a filesystem error:

  - by abc

  I have console access to an embedded linux device. This device has flash memory part of which is partitioned as a FAT filesystem. Its running linux-2.6.31. However I am seeing these errors on the console these days and the FAT file system becomes read only. 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) I cannot understand why this happened? What is the root cause? And what is the fix? I would appreciate answers that can point me how to investigate the possible root cause of this issue on the device.

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• Alternatives to y4mstabilizer; deshaking video

  - by Vi

  "Deshaking" means fixing the video captured from camera hold in hands. Is there open source video deshaker apart from y4mstabilizer from mjpegtools? Patch for mencoder is preferred. My current command line for processing video looks like: mplayer video_from_camera.avi -nosound -vo yuv4mpeg:file=/dev/stdout -really-quiet | y4mstabilizer -n -a 0.8 -r 30 -s 100 | mplayer -cache 1000 /dev/stdin -noconsolecontrols -vf crop=500:380:70:50,denoise3d=3:3:5:5 -vo yuv4mpeg:file=temporary.yuv y4mstabilizer is itself very unstable and often crashes (and it didn't work at all until I have patched memory allocation in it).

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• MySQL - complete server migration (Ubuntu) [closed]

  - by Mr A

  Possible Duplicate: How to copy and move mysql database Dump all databases with SSH access I'm setting up a new dev machine, and I have the old one sitting right next to me. I'd like to do an exact copy of all MySQL structures and data from the old machine to the new. Nothing fancy needs to happen (it's a dev machine). No replication. I don't care about "downtimes" etc. Is there a super simple way to do this? For example, I have SSH on the old server, can I just use Nautilus, do a connect to server, and then transfer a folder over, replacing another folder with it and be done? It's the same version of MySQL on both sides. Same version of Ubuntu. Same in most respects.

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• Trouble running multiple Firefox versions on OS X Lion

  - by politicus

  I am trying to use two versions of Firefox (11 and 13) on OS X Lion. I don't especially want to run two versions at the same time. I want to be able to run the version 11 when I choose the version 11 via the profile manager. The same for the version 13. Every time, I want to launch the version 11, the launcher launches the version 13... When I select the version 11 via the profile manager, Firefox 13 is launched. I created 2 automators apps (FF11.app and FF13.app) to launch Firefox : /Applications/Firefox11.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin -no-remote -P FF11 & /dev/null & /Applications/Firefox13.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin -no-remote -P FF13 & /dev/null & Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Is Joerg Schilling’s “sdd” a full replacement for “dd”

  - by fishtoprecords

  I was directed to post here, I started on Stackoverflow.... I'm trying to use 'sdd' on my Debian system, and can't get one set of options to work. They do work in 'dd' so I am wondering if I am specifying them incorrectly, or if sdd didn't implement them, or something else. What I want to do is sdd if=/dev/hdh1 of=/bay5/imagebay1 bs=4096 conv=sync,noerror if I leave out the "conv=..." option, it works, or at least starts copying data. sdd if=/dev/hdh1 of=/bay5/imagebay1 bs=4096 Can you shed a bit of light?

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• How to run long time process on Udev event?

  - by neclude

  (sorry for my bad english) I want run ppp connection when my usb modem is connect. so i use next udev rule: ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="16d8",\ RUN+="/usr/local/bin/newPPP.sh $env{DEVNAME}" (my modem appear in /dev as ttyACM0) newPPP.sh: #!/bin/bash /usr/bin/pon prov $1 >/dev/null 2>&1 & Problem: udev event fire, newPPP.sh running, BUT newPPP.sh process will be killed after ~4-5s. ppp not have time to connect. (in it params is timeout 10s for dial up). How can i run long time process, that will not be killed? (I was try nohup. It don't work too.) System: Arch Linux

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• Recover partition table after DD command

  - by Shreedhar

  I executed the following command from a Ubuntu live cd terminal (dont ask why). dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb2 bs=512 count=1 Where sdb2 is a NTFS partition (third partition) on a disk. Suffice to say it is now messed up. When I boot into windows 7, it does show me E drive but when I click on it it asks me to format it. I am not ever sure what I did, did I mess up partition table or only the MFT? Is there any way to get the data back PLEASE HELP! this is very important :(

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• Unreadable sectors reported by smartd, is it serious?

  - by stribika

  I have a RAID 5 array of 4 disks. In the last 2 days I began to see these messages in the log: Jun 13 23:01:05 localhost smartd[4537]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], 1 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors Jun 13 23:01:05 localhost smartd[4537]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 2 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors If I have 2 faulty disks then the array should not show all disks OK: md0 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdb1[1] sdc1[2] sda1[0] 64128 blocks [4/4] [UUUU] Strangely there are no other problems just the log messages. I am worried because sda is new and I previously had problems with sdb. (Completely died but the guy who sold it to me fixed it somehow.) Am I in danger of losing data? What should I do now?

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• Keeping the wireless connected.

  - by casr

  I’m running OpenBSD on a computer which is connected via wireless to the network. It is a well supported NIC and I’ve had no problems with it from a hardware perspective. Unfortunately my wireless access point occasionally loves to forget it’s settings. I then have to help it remember. However, in this intervening time my OpenBSD box drops the connection and then does not automatically reconnect. I have alleviated my problems by running this simple script in the background: #!/bin/sh while [ 1 ] do ping -c1 192.168.1.254 > /dev/null if [ $? = 1 ] then sh /etc/netstart ral0 > /dev/null fi sleep 30 done [Ping the access point. If there is no response attempt to reconnect.] It seems to me to be a very suboptimal solution. Has anyone else come across a better way?

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• Linux virtual disk stripping or multi-path samba share?

  - by wachpwnski

  I am trying to build a file storage box for media. It needs to span two or more directories or partitions as one share. There are a few solutions but reasons why I want to avoid them, among these are: Using LVM2 for stripping. I don't really have the resources to back up everything on the volumes incase one HDD goes south. I would end up loosing everything. Maybe there is a better option for this to prevent data loss with hot swappable drives or some kind of raid. Using symbolic links in the share. This will get tedious every time a new sub-directory is added. Is there some kind of software raid I can use to merge two directories virtually? I am aware of the issue where /dev/hda1/media/file.1 and /dev/hdb1/media/file.1 both exist. But I'm sure there are some creative solutions for this.

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• Make user uploads go to different hard drive?

  - by Andrew Fashion

  I am using a pre-made social networking script where all user uploads go to site.com/public/user/ How can I make /public/user/ my secondary hard drive so all user uploads are uploaded to my second harddrive and not the primary hard drive. I have over 100GB of images, and I want them on my other HDD now. Thank you. I am running CentOS 5.5 64bit w/ Apache and PHP I have two 250GB Sata HDDs sudo parted /dev/sda print Model: ATA WDC WD2500KS-00M (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot 2 107MB 8595MB 8488MB primary linux-swap 3 8595MB 10.7GB 2147MB primary ext3 4 10.7GB 250GB 239GB extended 5 10.7GB 250GB 239GB logical ext3 Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. 5 10.7GB 250GB 239GB logical ext3

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• Setting up proxy to handle subdomain requests

  - by PeeHaa

  I have setup a proxy for a site which works with the following nginx config: server { listen 80; server_name proxy.example.com; access_log /dev/null; error_log /dev/null; location / { proxy_pass http://thepiratebay.se; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } } However on this there are also styles loaded from a subdomain (static.thepiratebay.se) which aren't going through my proxy, because it links to the original domain. Is there a way to also let those requests go to my proxy? Do I have to change the contents of the pages when serving it to let them also go through my proxy? If so: how? :) Or is there another (perhaps better) way?

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