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• Classifying captured data in unknown format?

  - by monch1962

  I've got a large set of captured data (potentially hundreds of thousands of records), and I need to be able to break it down so I can both classify it and also produce "typical" data myself. Let me explain further... If I have the following strings of data: 132T339G1P112S 164T897F5A498S 144T989B9B223T 155T928X9Z554T ... you might start to infer the following: possibly all strings are 14 characters long the 4th, 8th, 10th and 14th characters may always be alphas, while the rest are numeric the first character may always be a '1' the 4th character may always be the letter 'T' the 14th character may be limited to only being 'S' or 'T' and so on... As you get more and more samples of real data, some of these "rules" might disappear; if you see a 15 character long string, then you have evidence that the 1st "rule" is incorrect. However, given a sufficiently large sample of strings that are exactly 14 characters long, you can start to assume that "all strings are 14 characters long" and assign a numeric figure to your degree of confidence (with an appropriate set of assumptions around the fact that you're seeing a suitably random set of all possible captured data). As you can probably tell, a human can do a lot of this classification by eye, but I'm not aware of libraries or algorithms that would allow a computer to do it. Given a set of captured data (significantly more complex than the above...), are there libraries that I can apply in my code to do this sort of classification for me, that will identify "rules" with a given degree of confidence? As a next step, I need to be able to take those rules, and use them to create my own data that conforms to these rules. I assume this is a significantly easier step than the classification, but I've never had to perform a task like this before so I'm really not sure how complex it is. At a guess, Python or Java (or possibly Perl or R) are possibly the "common" languages most likely to have these sorts of libraries, and maybe some of the bioinformatic libraries do this sort of thing. I really don't care which language I have to use; I need to solve the problem in whatever way I can. Any sort of pointer to information would be very useful. As you can probably tell, I'm struggling to describe this problem clearly, and there may be a set of appropriate keywords I can plug into Google that will point me towards the solution. Thanks in advance

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• Delaying emails in PHP to avoid exceeding server limit

  - by Andrew P.

  Okay, so here's my problem: I have a list of members on a website, and periodically one of the admins my site (who are not very web or tech savvy) will send a newsletter to the memberlist. My current memberlist is well over 800 individuals long. So, I wrote an email script that sends the email to the full memberlist, with the members listed in the Bcc header. However, I've discovered that my host server has a limit of 300 emails per hour, which I apparently exceed even though the members are listed in the Bcc field. (I wasn't previously aware that the behaviour of Bcc was to send separate emails for each name on the list...) After some thought, I've come to the conclusion that my only solution is to have my script send only the email to only the first 300 emails, wait an hour, and send a second email to the next three hundred, wait another hour, and so on until I've sent the email to the whole member list. Looking around on the internet, I've seen some other solutions people have come up with for delaying emails in PHP. Sleep() is obviously not an option, because I can't just leave the script open and running for 3 or four hours. I've seen some people suggest cron jobs, but I'm not sure how feasible it would be to create three new cron jobs every time I send an email, use them once, and then delete them afterward. The final (and what I think is the smartest) solution I've seen, is to have a table in my database to temporarily store the emails to be delayed and sent later, and then create a cron job that checks this sql table every hour or so, compares the timestamp of the row to the current timestamp, and then sends the email if an hour has passed. So I'm asking you all which method you would recommend. Is there an easier solution that I've completely looked over (aside from getting a different hosting plan. ha!), or is there a cleaner way to do it than the database / cron job approach? tl;dr: I have 800 emails to send in an hour on a server that limits me to 300/hr. Using PHP, find a way to get around this problem in a way that the person sending the email needs only to click "send."

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• What is the best way to archive data in a relational database?

  - by GenericTypeTea

  I have a bit of an issue with a particular aspect of a program I'm working on. I need the ability to archive (fix) a table so that a change anywhere in the system will not affect the results it returns. This is the basic structure of what I need to fix: Recipe --> Recipe (as sub recipe) Recipe --> Ingredients So, if I fix a Recipe, I need to ensure all the sub recipes (including all the sub recipes sub recipes and so forth) are fixed and all its ingredients are fixed. The problem is that the sub recipe and ingredients still need to be modifiable as they are used by other recipes that are not fixed. I came up with a solution whereby I serialize (with protobuf-net) a master object that deals with the recipe and all the sub recipes and ingredients and save the archive data to a table like follows: Archive{ ReferenceId, (i.e. RecipeId) ReferenceTypeId, (i.e. Recipe) ArchiveData varbinary(max) } Now, this works great and is almost perfect... however I totally forgot (I'd love to blame the agile development mentally, however this was just short sighted) that this information needs to be reported on. As far as I'm aware I can't think how I could inflate the serialized data back into my Recipe Object and use it in a Report. I'm using the standard SQL 2005 report services at the moment. Alternatively, I guess I could do the following: Duplicate every table and tag the word "Archive" on the end of the table name. This would then give me an area of specific archive data... but ignoring my simplified example, there'd actually be about 15 tables duplicated. Add a nullable, non-foreign key property called "CopiedFromId" to every table that contains fixed data and duplicate every record that the recipe (and all it's sub recipes and all their sub recipes) touches. Create some sort of denormalised structure that could be restored from at a later date to the original, unfixed recipe. Although I think this would be like option 1 and involve a lot of extra tables. Anyway, I'm at a total loss and do not like any of the ideas particularly. Can anyone please advise the best course of action? EDIT: Or 4) Create tables specific to what the report requires and populate them with the data when the user clicks the report button? This would cause about 4 extra tables for the report in question.

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• Menu Control in Master Page fails to use CSS styles

  - by Shaun

  I'm working on a web application that uses ASP.NET 3.5 and C#. Structurally, I have a master page with a menu control on it. The control serves as my navigation, and it gets its items from a SiteMapDataSource control and a corresponding Web.sitemap file. The problem is that some styles do not render properly when you specify the CssClass property. More specifically, the selected and hover styles don't respond to css styles. Consider the code below: <%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Site.master.cs" Inherits="Site" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.or/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title>A webpage</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div id="page"> <asp:Menu ID="navMenu" Orientation="Horizontal" StaticMenuStyle-CssClass="staticMenu" StaticMenuItemStyle-CssClass="staticMenuItem" StaticSelectedStyle-CssClass="staticSelectedItem" StaticHoverStyle-CssClass="staticHoverItem" runat="server"> </asp:Menu> <asp:SiteMapDataSource ID="srcSiteMap" runat="server" ShowStartingNode="false" /> <br /> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server"> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> </div> </form> </body> </html> Suppose I had a corresponding .css file with the following: .staticMenuItem { background-color:Red; } .staticSelectedItem { background-color:Green; } .staticHoverItem { background-color:Blue; } What will happen is that my item backgrounds will properly be red, but my selected item will not be green and the item I'm hovering my mouse over will not be blue. This seems true regardless of whether or not I include the style in the head of the master page or in an external file in default theme as specified in the web.config file. If I specify the styles in the asp.net xml like so: <asp:Menu ID="navMenu" Orientation="Horizontal" runat="server"> <StaticSelectedStyle BackColor="Green" Font-Underline="True" Font-Bold="True" /> <StaticHoverStyle BackColor="Gray" /> </asp:Menu> It appears to work properly in Firefox, but the style is never embedded in the html in Internet Explorer. Odd. Does anybody have any insight into what is causing this problem and how to neatly work around it? I'm aware I might be able to programmically determine the current page and select the corresponding menu item manually so it receives the proper style class, but before I resort to hacking C# and Javascript together to fix this functionality, I'm open to ideas.

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• string categorization strategies

  - by Andrew Heath

  I'm the one-man dev team on a fledgling military history website. One aspect of the site is a catalog of ~1,200 individual battles, including the nations & formations (regiments, divisions, etc) which took part. The formation information (as well as the other battle info) was manually imported from a series of books by a 10-man volunteer team. The formations were listed in groups with varying formatting and abbreviation patterns. At the time I set up the data collection forms I couldn't think of a good way to process that data... and elected to store it all as strings in the MySQL database and sort it out later. Well, "later" - as it tends to happen - has arrived. :-) Each battle has 2+ records in the database - one for each nation that participated. Each record has a formations text string listing the formations present as the volunteer chose to add them. Some real examples: 39th Grenadier Rgmt, 26th Volksgrenadier Division 2nd Luftwaffe Field Division, 246th Infantry Division 247th Rifle Division, 255th Tank Brigade 2nd Luftwaffe Field Division, SS Cavalry Division 28th Tank Brigade, 158th Rifle Division, 135th Rifle Division, 81st Tank Brigade, 242nd Tank Brigade 78th Infantry Division 3rd Kure Special Naval Landing Force, Tulagi Seaplane Base personnel 1st Battalion 505th Infantry Regiment The ultimate goal is for each individual force to have an ID, so that its participation can be traced throughout the battle database. Formation hierarchy, such as the final item above 1st Battalion (of the) 505th Infantry Regiment also needs to be preserved. In that case, 1st Battalion and 505th Infantry Regiment would be split, but 1st Battalion would be flagged as belonging to the 505th. In database terms, I think I want to pull the formation field out of the current battle info table and create three new tables: FORMATION [id] [name] FORMATION_HIERARCHY [id] [parent] [child] FORMATION_BATTLE [f_id] [battle_id] It's simple to explain, but complicated to enact. What I'm looking for from the SO community is just some tips on how best to tackle this problem. Ideally there's some sort of method to solving this that I'm not aware of. However, as a last resort, I could always code a classification framework and call my volunteers back to sort through 2,500+ records...

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• Buy or Build for web deployment?

  - by Cannonade

  I have been evaluating the wide range of installation and web deployment solutions available for Windows applications. I will just clarify here (without too much detail, these tools have been covered in other questions) my understanding of the options: NSIS - Free tool that generates setup executables. Small binary. Specialized, sometimes obtuse, scripting language. Inno Setup - Free tools for setup executables. Various binary compression schemes. Pascal scripting engine. WIX - Free toolset to generate MSI binaries. XML definitions language. WIX ClickThrough - Additional tools for packaging, web download and auto update detection (now part of WIX core). InstallShield - Commercial development environment for installation packaging. Generates MSI binaries. C-like InstallScript language. Wise - Commercial development environment for installation packaging. Generates MSI binaries. ClickOnce - Visual Studio supported framework for publishing applications to a webserver, with automatic detection of updates. No support for custom installation requirements (INI files, registry etc ...). Packages setup as an MSI binary. Install Aware - Commercial development environment for installation. Generates MSI binaries. Automatic Update framwork (Web Update). If I have missed any, please let me know. And found some useful discussions of these technologies on StackOverflow: Best Simple Install System Best choice for Windows installers Alternatives to ClickOnce I have worked with a few of these solutions, as well as a handful of proprietary internal installation solutions. They are mostly concerned with packing installations and providing a framework for developers to access the run time environment. With the growing requirement for web deployment and automatic software updates, I expected to find more of a consensus among developers on a framework for web delivery of software and subsequent updates, I haven't really found that consensus. There are certainly solutions available (ClickOnce, ClickThrough, InstallShield Update Service), but they each have considerable limitations (please correct me if I mis-represent any of these). I would be interested in a framework that provided some of the following: Third party hosting/management of updates. Access to client environment (INI files, registry, etc..). User registration/activation. Feedback/Error reporting This is leaving me with the strong impression that the best way to approach the web deployment problem is through a custom built proprietary solution (possibly leveraging existing installer packaging). I have seen this sort of solution work well for a number of successful applications: FileZilla - HTTP request to update.filezilla-project.org to check for updates, downloads an NSIS binary (I think) and then shuts down to run the install.

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• Combinations and Permutations in F#

  - by Noldorin

  I've recently written the following combinations and permutations functions for an F# project, but I'm quite aware they're far from optimised. /// Rotates a list by one place forward. let rotate lst = List.tail lst @ [List.head lst] /// Gets all rotations of a list. let getRotations lst = let rec getAll lst i = if i = 0 then [] else lst :: (getAll (rotate lst) (i - 1)) getAll lst (List.length lst) /// Gets all permutations (without repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getPerms n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, _ -> lst |> getRotations |> Seq.collect (fun r -> Seq.map ((@) [List.head r]) (getPerms (k - 1) (List.tail r))) /// Gets all permutations (with repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getPermsWithRep n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, _ -> lst |> Seq.collect (fun x -> Seq.map ((@) [x]) (getPermsWithRep (k - 1) lst)) // equivalent: | k, _ -> lst |> getRotations |> Seq.collect (fun r -> List.map ((@) [List.head r]) (getPermsWithRep (k - 1) r)) /// Gets all combinations (without repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getCombs n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, (x :: xs) -> Seq.append (Seq.map ((@) [x]) (getCombs (k - 1) xs)) (getCombs k xs) /// Gets all combinations (with repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getCombsWithRep n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, (x :: xs) -> Seq.append (Seq.map ((@) [x]) (getCombsWithRep (k - 1) lst)) (getCombsWithRep k xs) Does anyone have any suggestions for how these functions (algorithms) can be sped up? I'm particularly interested in how the permutation (with and without repetition) ones can be improved. The business involving rotations of lists doesn't look too efficient to me in retrospect. Update Here's my new implementation for the getPerms function, inspired by Tomas's answer. Unfortunately, it's not really any fast than the existing one. Suggestions? let getPerms n lst = let rec getPermsImpl acc n lst = seq { match n, lst with | k, x :: xs -> if k > 0 then for r in getRotations lst do yield! getPermsImpl (List.head r :: acc) (k - 1) (List.tail r) if k >= 0 then yield! getPermsImpl acc k [] | 0, [] -> yield acc | _, [] -> () } getPermsImpl List.empty n lst

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• How do I destruct data associated with an object after the object no longer exists?

  - by Phineas

  I'm creating a class (say, C) that associates data (say, D) with an object (say, O). When O is destructed, O will notify C that it soon will no longer exist :( ... Later, when C feels it is the right time, C will let go of what belonged to O, namely D. If D can be any type of object, what's the best way for C to be able to execute "delete D;"? And what if D is an array of objects? My solution is to have D derive from a base class that C has knowledge of. When the time comes, C calls delete on a pointer to the base class. I've also considered storing void pointers and calling delete, but I found out that's undefined behavior and doesn't call D's destructor. I considered that templates could be a novel solution, but I couldn't work that idea out. Here's what I have so far for C, minus some details: // This class is C in the above description. There may be many instances of C. class Context { public: // D will inherit from this class class Data { public: virtual ~Data() {} }; Context(); ~Context(); // Associates an owner (O) with its data (D) void add(const void* owner, Data* data); // O calls this when he knows its the end (O's destructor). // All instances of C are now aware that O is gone and its time to get rid // of all associated instances of D. static void purge (const void* owner); // This is called periodically in the application. It checks whether // O has called purge, and calls "delete D;" void refresh(); // Side note: sometimes O needs access to D Data *get (const void *owner); private: // Used for mapping owners (O) to data (D) std::map _data; }; // Here's an example of O class Mesh { public: ~Mesh() { Context::purge(this); } void init(Context& c) const { Data* data = new Data; // GL initialization here c.add(this, new Data); } void render(Context& c) const { Data* data = c.get(this); } private: // And here's an example of D struct Data : public Context::Data { ~Data() { glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo); glDeleteTextures(1, &texture); } GLint vbo; GLint texture; }; }; P.S. If you're familiar with computer graphics and VR, I'm creating a class that separates an object's per-context data (e.g. OpenGL VBO IDs) from its per-application data (e.g. an array of vertices) and frees the per-context data at the appropriate time (when the matching rendering context is current).

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• Synchronizing thread communication?

  - by Roger Alsing

  Just for the heck of it I'm trying to emulate how JRuby generators work using threads in C#. Also, I'm fully aware that C# haas built in support for yield return, I'm just toying around a bit. I guess it's some sort of poor mans coroutines by keeping multiple callstacks alive using threads. (even though none of the callstacks should execute at the same time) The idea is like this: The consumer thread requests a value The worker thread provides a value and yields back to the consumer thread Repeat untill worker thread is done So, what would be the correct way of doing the following? //example class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { ThreadedEnumerator<string> enumerator = new ThreadedEnumerator<string>(); enumerator.Init(() => { for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) { enumerator.Yield(i.ToString()); } }); foreach (var item in enumerator) { Console.WriteLine(item); }; Console.ReadLine(); } } //naive threaded enumerator public class ThreadedEnumerator<T> : IEnumerator<T>, IEnumerable<T> { private Thread enumeratorThread; private T current; private bool hasMore = true; private bool isStarted = false; AutoResetEvent enumeratorEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); AutoResetEvent consumerEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); public void Yield(T item) { //wait for consumer to request a value consumerEvent.WaitOne(); //assign the value current = item; //signal that we have yielded the requested enumeratorEvent.Set(); } public void Init(Action userAction) { Action WrappedAction = () => { userAction(); consumerEvent.WaitOne(); enumeratorEvent.Set(); hasMore = false; }; ThreadStart ts = new ThreadStart(WrappedAction); enumeratorThread = new Thread(ts); enumeratorThread.IsBackground = true; isStarted = false; } public T Current { get { return current; } } public void Dispose() { enumeratorThread.Abort(); } object System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current { get { return Current; } } public bool MoveNext() { if (!isStarted) { isStarted = true; enumeratorThread.Start(); } //signal that we are ready to receive a value consumerEvent.Set(); //wait for the enumerator to yield enumeratorEvent.WaitOne(); return hasMore; } public void Reset() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() { return this; } System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return this; } } Ideas?

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• Can GPU capabilities impact virtual machine performance?

  - by Dave White

  While this many not seem like a programming question directly, it impacts my development activities and so it seems like it belongs here. It seems that more and more developers are turning to virtual environments for development activities on their computers, SharePoint development being a prime example. Also, as a trainer, I have virtual training environments for all of the classes that I teach. I recently purchased a new Dell E6510 to travel around with. It has the i7 620M (Dual core, HyperThreaded cpu running at 2.66GHz) and 8 GB of memory. Reading the spec sheet, it sounded like it would be a great laptop to carry around and run virtual machines on. Getting the laptop though, I've been pretty disappointed with the user experience of developing in a virtual machine. Giving the Virtual Machine 4 GB of memory, it was slow and I could type complete sentences and watch the VM "catchup". My company has training laptops that we provide for our classes. They are Dell Precision M6400 Intel Core 2 Duo P8700 running at 2.54Ghz with 8 GB of memory and the experience on this laptops is night and day compared to the E6510. They are crisp and you barely aware that you are running in a virtual environment. Since the E6510 should be faster in all categories than the M6400, I couldn't understand why the new laptop was slower, so I did a component by component comparison and the only place where the E6510 is less performant than the M6400 is the graphics department. The M6400 is running a nVidia FX 2700m GPU and the E6510 is running a nVidia 3100M GPU. Looking at benchmarks of the two GPUs suggest that the FX 2700M is twice as fast as the 3100M. http://www.notebookcheck.net/Mobile-Graphics-Cards-Benchmark-List.844.0.html 3100M = 111th (E6510) FX 2700m = 47th (Precision M6400) Radeon HD 5870 = 8th (Alienware) The host OS is Windows 7 64bit as is the guest OS, running in Virtual Box 3.1.8 with Guest Additions installed on the guest. The IDE being used in the virtual environment is VS 2010 Premium. So after that long setup, my question is: Is the GPU significantly impacting the virtual machine's performance or are there other factors that I'm not looking at that I can use to boost the vm's performance? Do we now have to consider GPU performance when purchasing laptops where we expect to use virtualized development environments? Thanks in advance. Cheers, Dave

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• Double Buffering for Game objects, what's a nice clean generic C++ way?

  - by Gary

  This is in C++. So, I'm starting from scratch writing a game engine for fun and learning from the ground up. One of the ideas I want to implement is to have game object state (a struct) be double-buffered. For instance, I can have subsystems updating the new game object data while a render thread is rendering from the old data by guaranteeing there is a consistent state stored within the game object (the data from last time). After rendering of old and updating of new is finished, I can swap buffers and do it again. Question is, what's a good forward-looking and generic OOP way to expose this to my classes while trying to hide implementation details as much as possible? Would like to know your thoughts and considerations. I was thinking operator overloading could be used, but how do I overload assign for a templated class's member within my buffer class? for instance, I think this is an example of what I want: doublebuffer<Vector3> data; data.x=5; //would write to the member x within the new buffer int a=data.x; //would read from the old buffer's x member data.x+=1; //I guess this shouldn't be allowed If this is possible, I could choose to enable or disable double-buffering structs without changing much code. This is what I was considering: template <class T> class doublebuffer{ T T1; T T2; T * current=T1; T * old=T2; public: doublebuffer(); ~doublebuffer(); void swap(); operator=()?... }; and a game object would be like this: struct MyObjectData{ int x; float afloat; } class MyObject: public Node { doublebuffer<MyObjectData> data; functions... } What I have right now is functions that return pointers to the old and new buffer, and I guess any classes that use them have to be aware of this. Is there a better way?

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• Browser displays page without styles for a short moment (visual glitch)

  - by Pierre

  I have observed that, very infrequently, Internet Explorer (7 or 8, it does not matter) displays our web pages (www.epsitec.ch) a short time without applying the CSS. The layout appears completely broken, with everything displayed sequentially from top to bottom. When the page has finished loading, everything finally gets displayed properly. Our web pages do not use any fancy scripting, just two javascript inclusions for QuantCast and Google Analytics, done at the end of the page. By the way, we already had the issue before adding the QuantCast script. The CSS gets linked in the <head> section: <head> <title>Crésus Comptabilité</title> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://www.epsitec.ch/favicon.ico" /> <link href="../../style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> ... </head> and then follows static HTML up to the final chunk which includes the JavaScript: ... <div id="account"> <a class="deselect" href="/account/login">Identifiez-vous</a> <script type="text/javascript"> _qoptions={qacct:"..."}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://edge.quantserve.com/quant.js"> </script> <noscript> <img src="..." style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1"/> </noscript> </div> <div id="contact"> <a href="/support/contact">Contactez-nous</a> </div> <div id="ending"><!-- --></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> ... </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("..."); pageTracker._initData(); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script> </body> As this is a very short visual glitch, I have no idea what provokes it. Worse, I cannot reproduce it and it appears only on seldom occasions. How can I further investigate the cause of the glitch? Are there any best practices I should be aware of?

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• With EJB 2.1, is declaring references to resources in ejb-jar.xml required?

  - by zwerd328

  I'm using Weblogic 9.2 with a lot of MDBs. These MDBs access JDBC DataSources and write to both locally and externally managed JMS Destinations using local and foreign XAConnectionFactorys, respectively. Each MDB demarcates a container-managed JTA transaction that should be distributed amongst all of these resources. Below is an excerpt from my ejb-jar.xml for an MDB that consumes from a local Queue called "MyDestination" and produces to an IBM Websphere MQ Queue called "MyOtherDestination". These logical names are linked to physical objects in my weblogic-ejb-jar.xml file. Is it required to use the <resource-ref> and <message-destination-ref> tags to expose the ConnectionFactory and Queue to the MDB? If so, is it required by Weblogic or is it required by the J2EE spec? And for what purpose? For example, is it required to support XA transactionality? I'm already aware of the benefit of decoupling the administered objects from my MDB using names exposed to the naming context of the MDB. Is this the only value added when specifying these tags? In other words, is it acceptable to just reference these objects from my MDB using the InitialContext and the objects' fully-qualified names? <enterprise-bean> <message-driven> <ejb-name>MyMDB</ejb-name> <ejb-class>com.mycompany.MyMessageDrivenBean</ejb-class> <transaction-type>Container</transaction-type> <message-destination-type>javax.jms.Queue</message-destination> <message-destination-link>MyDestination</message-destination-link> <resource-ref> <res-ref-name>jms/myQCF</res-ref-name> <res-type>javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory</res-type> <res-auth>Container</res-auth> </resource-ref> <message-destination-ref> <message-destination-ref-name>jms/myOtherDestination</message-destination-ref-name> <message-destination-type>javax.jms.Queue</message-destination-type> <message-destination-usage>Produces</message-destination-usage> <message-destination-link>MyOtherDestination</message-destination-link> </message-destination-ref> </message-driven> <enterprise-bean>

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• Good working habits to observe in project development?

  - by Will Marcouiller

  As my development experience grows, I see fit to stick to best practices from here and there to build somehow my own working practices while observing the conventions, etc. I'm currently working on a project which my goals is to graduate the security access model from an environment's Active Directory to another environment's automatically. I don't know for any of you, but as far as I'm concerned, I meet some real difficulties sticking to only one way, then develop. I mean, I learn something new everyday while visiting SO, and recently wanted to get acquainted with generics. On the other hand, I better know the Façade pattern which proved to be very practical in transactional programming in process systems. This seems to be less practical for desktop application as there are plenty of variables to consider in a desktop application that you don't have to care in transactional programming, as you're playing only with information data. As for my current project, I have: Groups; Organizational Units; Users. Which are all considered an entry in the Active Directory. This points out to be a good candidate for generics, as also approached this way by Bart de Smett's Linq to AD on CodePlex. He has a DirectorySource<T>, and to manage let's say groups, then he instantiate a source with the proper type: var groups = new DirectorySource<Group>(); This seems to be very a good way of doing. Despite, I seem to go from one pattern to another and I don't seem to be able to strictly stick to one. While I'm aware that one must not stay with only one way of doing, since each pattern statisfies certain advantages, while also illustrating disadvantages under some usage conditions, I seem to want to develop with both patterns having a singleton Façade class with the underlying factories which represent the sub systems: GroupsFactory; UsersFactory; OrganizationalUnitsFactory. Each of the factories offers the possible operations for their respective entity (group, user, OU). To make a very long story short, I often have plenty of ideas while developping and this causes me some trouble, as I go from an idea to another feeling completely lost after a while. Yet I understand the advantages and disavantages, I have no trouble choosing from one pattern to another depending on the situation. Nevertheless, when it comes to programming itself, if I'm not part of a team, I feel sometimes like I can't do anything good. That is, because I can't stand not doing something "perfect" the first time. The role I play within the project is both: the project manager and the programmer. I am more comfortable in the project manager role, architectural role, analytical role than the developer's. Has any of you some good habbits to observe in project development? Thanks to you all! =)

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• Django Multi-Table Inheritance VS Specifying Explicit OneToOne Relationship in Models

  - by chefsmart

  Hope all this makes sense :) I'll clarify via comments if necessary. Also, I am experimenting using bold text in this question, and will edit it out if I (or you) find it distracting. With that out of the way... Using django.contrib.auth gives us User and Group, among other useful things that I can't do without (like basic messaging). In my app I have several different types of users. A user can be of only one type. That would easily be handled by groups, with a little extra care. However, these different users are related to each other in hierarchies / relationships. Let's take a look at these users: - Principals - "top level" users Administrators - each administrator reports to a Principal Coordinators - each coordinator reports to an Administrator Apart from these there are other user types that are not directly related, but may get related later on. For example, "Company" is another type of user, and can have various "Products", and products may be supervised by a "Coordinator". "Buyer" is another kind of user that may buy products. Now all these users have various other attributes, some of which are common to all types of users and some of which are distinct only to one user type. For example, all types of users have to have an address. On the other hand, only the Principal user belongs to a "BranchOffice". Another point, which was stated above, is that a User can only ever be of one type. The app also needs to keep track of who created and/or modified Principals, Administrators, Coordinators, Companies, Products etc. (So that's two more links to the User model.) In this scenario, is it a good idea to use Django's multi-table inheritance as follows: - from django.contrib.auth.models import User class Principal(User): # # # branchoffice = models.ForeignKey(BranchOffice) landline = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=20) mobile = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=20) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, editable=False, blank=True, related_name="principalcreator") modified_by = models.ForeignKey(User, editable=False, blank=True, related_name="principalmodifier") # # # Or should I go about doing it like this: - class Principal(models.Model): # # # user = models.OneToOneField(User, blank=True) branchoffice = models.ForeignKey(BranchOffice) landline = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=20) mobile = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=20) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, editable=False, blank=True, related_name="principalcreator") modified_by = models.ForeignKey(User, editable=False, blank=True, related_name="principalmodifier") # # # Please keep in mind that there are other user types that are related via foreign keys, for example: - class Administrator(models.Model): # # # principal = models.ForeignKey(Principal, help_text="The supervising principal for this Administrator") user = models.OneToOneField(User, blank=True) province = models.ForeignKey( Province) landline = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=20) mobile = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=20) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, editable=False, blank=True, related_name="administratorcreator") modified_by = models.ForeignKey(User, editable=False, blank=True, related_name="administratormodifier") I am aware that Django does use a one-to-one relationship for multi-table inheritance behind the scenes. I am just not qualified enough to decide which is a more sound approach.

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• Turning temporary stringstream to c_str() in single statement

  - by AshleysBrain

  Consider the following function: void f(const char* str); Suppose I want to generate a string using stringstream and pass it to this function. If I want to do it in one statement, I might try: f((std::ostringstream() << "Value: " << 5).str().c_str()); // error This gives an error: 'str()' is not a member of 'basic_ostream'. OK, so operator<< is returning ostream instead of ostringstream - how about casting it back to an ostringstream? 1) Is this cast safe? f(static_cast<std::ostringstream&>(std::ostringstream() << "Value: " << 5).str().c_str()); // incorrect output Now with this, it turns out for the operator<<("Value: ") call, it's actually calling ostream's operator<<(void*) and printing a hex address. This is wrong, I want the text. 2) Why does operator<< on the temporary std::ostringstream() call the ostream operator? Surely the temporary has a type of 'ostringstream' not 'ostream'? I can cast the temporary to force the correct operator call too! f(static_cast<std::ostringstream&>(static_cast<std::ostringstream&>(std::ostringstream()) << "Value: " << 5).str().c_str()); This appears to work and passes "Value: 5" to f(). 3) Am I relying on undefined behavior now? The casts look unusual. I'm aware the best alternative is something like this: std::ostringstream ss; ss << "Value: " << 5; f(ss.str().c_str()); ...but I'm interested in the behavior of doing it in one line. Suppose someone wanted to make a (dubious) macro: #define make_temporary_cstr(x) (static_cast<std::ostringstream&>(static_cast<std::ostringstream&>(std::ostringstream()) << x).str().c_str()) // ... f(make_temporary_cstr("Value: " << 5)); Would this function as expected?

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• How do I get the next token in a Cstring if I want to use it as an int? (c++)

  - by Van

  My objective is to take directions from a user and eventually a text file to move a robot. The catch is that I must use Cstrings(such as char word[];) rather than the std::string and tokenize them for use. the code looks like this: void Navigator::manualDrive() { char uinput[1]; char delim[] = " "; char *token; cout << "Enter your directions below: \n"; cin.ignore(); cin.getline (uinput, 256); token=strtok(uinput, delim); if(token == "forward") { int inches; inches=token+1; travel(inches); } } I've never used Cstrings I've never tokenized anything before, and I don't know how to write this. Our T.A.'s expect us to google and find all the answers because they are aware we've never been taught these methods. Everyone in my lab is having much more trouble than usual. I don't know the code to write but I know what I want my program to do. I want it to execute like this: 1) Ask for directions. 2) cin.getline the users input 3) tokenize the inputed string 4) if the first word token == "forward" move to the next token and find out how many inches to move forward then move forward 5) else if the first token == "turn" move to the next token. if the next token == "left" move to the next token and find out how many degrees to turn left I will have to do this for forward x, backward x, turn left x, turn right x, and stop(where x is in inches or degrees). I already wrote functions that tell the robot how to move forward an inch and turn in degrees. I just need to know how to convert the inputted strings to all lowercase letters and move from token to token and convert or extract the numbers from the string to use them as integers. If all is not clear you can read my lab write up at this link: http://www.cs.utk.edu/~cs102/robot_labs/Lab9.html If anything is unclear please let me know, and I will clarify as best I can.

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• How to access static members in a Velocity template?

  - by matt b

  I'm not sure if there is a way to do this in Velocity or not: I have a User POJO which a property named Status, which looks like an enum (but it is not, since I am stuck on Java 1.4), the definition looks something like this: public class User { // default status to User private Status status = Status.USER; public void setStatus(Status status) { this.status = status; } public Status getStatus() { return status; } And Status is a static inner class: public static final class Status { private String statusString; private Status(String statusString) { this.statusString = statusString; } public final static Status USER = new Status("user"); public final static Status ADMIN = new Status("admin"); public final static Status STATUS_X = new Status("blah"); //.equals() and .hashCode() implemented as well } With this pattern, a user status can easily be tested in a conditional such as if(User.Status.ADMIN.equals(user.getStatus())) ... ... without having to reference any constants for the status ID, any magic numbers, etc. However, I can't figure out how to test these conditionals in my Velocity template with VTL. I'd like to just print a simple string based upon the user's status, such as: Welcome <b>${user.name}</b>! <br/> <br/> #if($user.status == com.company.blah.User.Status.USER) You are a regular user #elseif($user.status == com.company.blah.User.Status.ADMIN) You are an administrator #etc... #end But this throws an Exception that looks like org.apache.velocity.exception.ParseErrorException: Encountered "User" at webpages/include/dashboard.inc[line 10, column 21] Was expecting one of: "[" ... From the VTL User Guide, there is no mention of accessing a Java class/static member directly in VTL, it appears that the right hand side (RHS) of a conditional can only be a number literal, string literal, property reference, or method reference. So is there any way that I can access static Java properties/references in a Velocity template? I'm aware that as a workaround, I could embed the status ID or some other identifier as a reference in my controller (this is a web MVC application using Velocity as the View technology), but I strongly do not want to embed any magic numbers or constants in the view layer.

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• How to use Crtl in a Delphi unit in a C++Builder project? (or link to C++Builder C runtime library)

  - by Craig Peterson

  I have a Delphi unit that is statically linking a C .obj file using the {$L xxx} directive. The C file is compiled with C++Builder's command line compiler. To satisfy the C file's runtime library dependencies (_assert, memmove, etc), I'm including the crtl unit Allen Bauer mentioned here. unit FooWrapper; interface implementation uses Crtl; // Part of the Delphi RTL {$L FooLib.obj} // Compiled with "bcc32 -q -c foolib.c" procedure Foo; cdecl; external; end. If I compile that unit in a Delphi project (.dproj) everthing works correctly. If I compile that unit in a C++Builder project (.cbproj) it fails with the error: [ILINK32 Error] Fatal: Unable to open file 'CRTL.OBJ' And indeed, there isn't a crtl.obj file in the RAD Studio install folder. There is a .dcu, but no .pas. Trying to add crtdbg to the uses clause (the C header where _assert is defined) gives an error that it can't find crtdbg.dcu. If I remove the uses clause, it instead fails with errors that __assert and _memmove aren't found. So, in a Delphi unit in a C++Builder project, how can I export functions from the C runtime library so they're available for linking? I'm already aware of Rudy Velthuis's article. I'd like to avoid manually writing Delphi wrappers if possible, since I don't need them in Delphi, and C++Builder must already include the necessary functions. Edit For anyone who wants to play along at home, the code is available in Abbrevia's Subversion repository at https://tpabbrevia.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/tpabbrevia/trunk. I've taken David Heffernan's advice and added a "AbCrtl.pas" unit that mimics crtl.dcu when compiled in C++Builder. That got the PPMd support working, but the Lzma and WavPack libraries both fail with link errors: [ILINK32 Error] Error: Unresolved external '_beginthreadex' referenced from ABLZMA.OBJ [ILINK32 Error] Error: Unresolved external 'sprintf' referenced from ABWAVPACK.OBJ [ILINK32 Error] Error: Unresolved external 'strncmp' referenced from ABWAVPACK.OBJ [ILINK32 Error] Error: Unresolved external '_ftol' referenced from ABWAVPACK.OBJ AFAICT, all of them are declared correctly, and the _beginthreadex one is actually declared in AbLzma.pas, so it's used by the pure Delphi compile as well. To see it yourself, just download the trunk (or just the "source" and "packages" directories), disable the {$IFDEF BCB} block at the bottom of AbDefine.inc, and try to compile the C++Builder "Abbrevia.cbproj" project.

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• Implementing rounded corners on slide down navigation menu

  - by Nick

  I am working on the slide down menu you can see here. I have rounded corners on both ul#navigation and ul.subnavigation. When the submenu slides down it is possible to see the border at the bottom of ul.subnavigation overlap with the content of ul#navigation, when I would like it to slide down smoothly, without the 'flicker'. I am aware that this issue is caused by the rounded corners. I need ul.subnavigation to cover the rounded corners at the bottom of ul#navigation when the menu drops down, without seeing the double border-bottom issue. I hope this is clear! Code is below. Thanks, Nick HTML <ul id="navigation"> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#">menu</a> <ul class="sub_navigation"> <li><a href="#">home</a></li> <li><a href="#">help</a></li> <li><a href="#">disable tips</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> JQUERY $('.dropdown').hover(function() { $(this).find('.sub_navigation').slideToggle(); });? CSS ul#navigation, ul.sub_navigation { margin:0; padding:0; list-style-type:none; min-width:100px; background-color: white; font-size:15px; font-family: Trebuchet MS; text-align: center; -khtml-border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; -moz-border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; border:1px black solid; border-top:none; } ul.sub_navigation { margin-left:-1px; position: absolute; top:28px; } ul#navigation { float:left; position:absolute; top:0; } ul#navigation li { float:left; min-width:100px; } ul.sub_navigation { position:absolute; display:none; } ul.sub_navigation li { clear:both; } a, a:active, a:visited { display:block; padding:7px; }

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• Why does my JSF + Spring web application output JSF source code instead of interpreted HTML page?

  - by Corvus

  I'm new to both JSF and Spring Framework and I'm trying to figure out how to make them work together. My current problem is that application outputs my JSF files without interpreting them. Here are some snippets of my code which I believe might be relevant: dispatcher-servlet.xml <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="login.htm">loginController</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF/pages/" p:suffix=".xhtml" /> <bean name="loginController" class="controller.LoginController" /> loginController public class LoginController extends MultiActionController { public ModelAndView login(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { System.out.println("LOGIN"); return new ModelAndView("login"); } WEB-INF/pages/login.xhtml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"> <h:head> <title>#{message.log}</title> </h:head> <h:body> <h:form> <h:outputLabel value="#{message.username}" for="userName"> <h:inputText id="userName" value="#{User.name}" /> </h:outputLabel> <h:commandButton value="#{message.loggin}" action="#{User.login}" /> </h:form> </h:body> </html> Any ideas where the problem might be? Does this code make any sense at all? I'm well aware of fact, that probably completely sucks and I'll be glad to here WHY it sucks and how to make it better. Thanks :)

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• iPhone Image Resources, ICO vs PNG, app bundle filesize

  - by Jasarien

  My application has a collection of around 1940 icons that are used throughout. They're currently in ICO and new images provided to me come in ICO format too. I have noticed that they contain a 16x16 and 32x32 representation of each icon in one file. Each file is roughly 4KB in filesize (as reported by finder, but ls reports that they vary from being ~1000 bytes to 5000 bytes) A very small number of these icons only contain the 32x32 representation, and as a result are only around 700 bytes in size. Currently I am bundling these icons with my application and they are inflating the size of the app a bit more than I would like. Altogether, the images total just about 25.5MB. Xcode must do some kind of compression because the resulting app bundle is about 12.4MB. Compressing this further into a ZIP (as it would be when submitted to the App Store), results in a final file of 5.8MB. I'm aware that the maximum limit for over the air App Store downloads has been raised to 20MB since the introduction of the iPad (I'm not sure if that extends to iPhone apps as well as iPad apps though, if not the limit would be 10MB). My worry is that new icons are going to be added (sometimes up to 10 icons per week), and will continue to inflate the app bundle over time. What is the best way to distribute these icons with my app? Things I've tried and not had much success with: Converting the icons from ICO to PNG: I tried this in the hopes that the pngcrush utility would help out with the filesize. But it appears that it doesn't make much of a difference between a normal PNG and a crushed png (I believe it just optimises the image for display on the iPhone's GPU rather than compress it's size). Also in going from ICO to PNG actually increased the size of the icon file... Zipping the images, and then uncompressing them on first run. While this did reduce the overall image sizes, I found that the effort needed to unzip them, copy them to the documents folder and ensure that duplication doesn't happen on upgrades was too much hassle to be worth the benefit. Also, on original and 3G iPhones unzipping and copying around 25MB of images takes too long and creates a bad experience... Things I've considered but not yet tried: Instead of distributing the icons within the app bundle, host them online, and download each icon on demand (it depends on the user's data as to which icons will actually be displayed and when). Issues with this is that bandwidth costs money, and image downloads will be bandwidth intensive. However, my app currently has a small userbase of around 5,500 users (of which I estimate around 1500 to be active based on Flurry stats), and I have a huge unused bandwidth allowance with my current hosting package. So I'm open to thoughts on how to solve this tricky issue.

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• What are the Options for Storing Hierarchical Data in a Relational Database?

  - by orangepips

  Good Overviews One more Nested Intervals vs. Adjacency List comparison: the best comparison of Adjacency List, Materialized Path, Nested Set and Nested Interval I've found. Models for hierarchical data: slides with good explanations of tradeoffs and example usage Representing hierarchies in MySQL: very good overview of Nested Set in particular Hierarchical data in RDBMSs: most comprehensive and well organized set of links I've seen, but not much in the way on explanation Options Ones I am aware of and general features: Adjacency List: Columns: ID, ParentID Easy to implement. Cheap node moves, inserts, and deletes. Expensive to find level (can store as a computed column), ancestry & descendants (Bridge Hierarchy combined with level column can solve), path (Lineage Column can solve). Use Common Table Expressions in those databases that support them to traverse. Nested Set (a.k.a Modified Preorder Tree Traversal) First described by Joe Celko - covered in depth in his book Trees and Hierarchies in SQL for Smarties Columns: Left, Right Cheap level, ancestry, descendants Compared to Adjacency List, moves, inserts, deletes more expensive. Requires a specific sort order (e.g. created). So sorting all descendants in a different order requires additional work. Nested Intervals Combination of Nested Sets and Materialized Path where left/right columns are floating point decimals instead of integers and encode the path information. Bridge Table (a.k.a. Closure Table: some good ideas about how to use triggers for maintaining this approach) Columns: ancestor, descendant Stands apart from table it describes. Can include some nodes in more than one hierarchy. Cheap ancestry and descendants (albeit not in what order) For complete knowledge of a hierarchy needs to be combined with another option. Flat Table A modification of the Adjacency List that adds a Level and Rank (e.g. ordering) column to each record. Expensive move and delete Cheap ancestry and descendants Good Use: threaded discussion - forums / blog comments Lineage Column (a.k.a. Materialized Path, Path Enumeration) Column: lineage (e.g. /parent/child/grandchild/etc...) Limit to how deep the hierarchy can be. Descendants cheap (e.g. LEFT(lineage, #) = '/enumerated/path') Ancestry tricky (database specific queries) Database Specific Notes MySQL Use session variables for Adjacency List Oracle Use CONNECT BY to traverse Adjacency Lists PostgreSQL ltree datatype for Materialized Path SQL Server General summary 2008 offers HierarchyId data type appears to help with Lineage Column approach and expand the depth that can be represented.

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• Chrome extension: sendMessage doesn't work

  - by user3334776

  I've already read the documentation from Google on 'message passing' a few times and have probably looked at over 10 other questions with the same problem and already tried quiet a few variations of most of their "solutions" and of what I have below... This is black magic, right? Either way, here it goes. Manifest File: { "manifest_version" : 2, "name" : "Message Test", "version" : "1.0", "browser_action": { "default_popup": "popup.html" }, "background": { "scripts": ["background.js"] }, "content_scripts": [ { "matches" : ["<all_urls>"], "js": ["message-test.js"] } ] } I'm aware extensions aren't suppose to use inline JS, but I'm leaving this in so the original question can be left as it was since I still can't get the message to send from the background page, When I switch from the popup to the background, I removed the appropriate lines from the manifest.json popup.html file: <html> <head> <script> chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs) { chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tabs[0].id, {greeting: "hello", theMessage: "Why isn\'t this working?"}, function(response) { console.log(response.farewell); }); }); </script> </head> <body> </body> </html> OR background.js file: chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs) { chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tabs[0].id, {greeting: "hello", theMessage: "Why isn\'t this working?"}, function(response) { console.log(response.farewell); }); }); message-test.js file: var Mymessage; chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(function(message, sender, sendResponse) { if (message.greeting == "hello"){ Mymessage = message.theMessage; alert(Mymessage); } else{ sendResponse({}); } }); No alert(Mymessage) goes off. I'm also trying to execute this after pressing a button from a popup and having a window at a specified url, but that's a later issue. The other files can be found here except with the background.js content wrapped in an addEventListener("click"....: http://pastebin.com/KhqxLx5y AND http://pastebin.com/JaGcp6tj

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• SQL/Schema comparison and upgrade

  - by Workshop Alex

  I have a simple situation. A large organisation is using several different versions of some (desktop) application and each version has it's own database structure. There are about 200 offices and each office will have it's own version, which can be one of 7 different ones. The company wants to upgrade all applications to the latest versions, which will be version 8. The problem is that they don't have a separate database for each version. Nor do they have a separate database for each office. They have one single database which is handled by a dedicated server, thus keeping things like management and backups easier. Every office has it's own database schema and within the schema there's the whole database structure for their specific application version. As a result, I'm dealing with 200 different schema's which need to be upgraded, each with 7 possible versions. Fortunately, every schema knows the proper version so checking the version isn't difficult. But my problem is that I need to create upgrade scripts which can upgrade from version 1 to version 2 to version 3 to etc... Basically, all schema's need to be bumped up one version until they're all version 8. Writing the code that will do this is no problem. the challenge is how to create the upgrade script from one version to the other? Preferably with some automated tool. I've examined RedGate's SQL Compare and Altova's DatabaseSpy but they're not practical. Altova is way too slow. RedGate requires too much processing afterwards, since the generated SQL Script still has a few errors and it refers to the schema name. Furthermore, the code needs to become part of a stored procedure and the code generated by RedGate doesn't really fit inside a single procedure. (Plus, it's doing too much transaction-handling, while I need everything within a single transaction. I have been considering using another SQL Comparison tool but it seems to me that my case is just too different from what standard tools can deliver. So I'm going to write my own comparison tool. To do this, I'll be using ADOX with Delphi to read the catalogues for every schema version in the database, then use this to write the SQL Statements that will need to upgrade these schema's to their next version. (Comparing 1 with 2, 2 with 3, 3 with 4, etc.) I'm not unfamiliar with generating SQL-Script-Generators so I don't expect too many problems. And I'll only be upgrading the table structures, not any of the other database objects. So, does anyone have some good tips and tricks to apply when doing this kind of comparisons? Things to be aware of? Practical tips to increase speed?

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