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  • How can I run everything as root

    - by Hermione
    I have dual booted to lubuntu (with Windows XP) and everytime and then I'm getting asked for my password. How do I run everything as root and not ask a password again? Ideally I wanted to run nginx but it has permission denied issues: apathetic@ubuntu:~$ service nginx start Starting nginx: nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open() "/var/log/nginx/error.log" failed (13: Permission denied) 2012/08/03 20:06:25 [warn] 4762#0: the "user" directive makes sense only if the master process runs with super-user privileges, ignored in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:1 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok 2012/08/03 20:06:25 [emerg] 4762#0: open() "/var/run/nginx.pid" failed (13: Permission denied) nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

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  • bash script ask for root password

    - by VinceBrowning
    I want have a script that I can give to friends which will add repositories and download files, install them without having to use command as they are not command line savey and have no desire to learn. I need to know how to get the script to prompt them for the root password to allow them to do some of these functions. How would I go about this? Please don't hate on them.. Getting them to start using Linux was a big step and I am just happy that they are attempting something new... and it was in the open source world..

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  • No root file system is defined error after installation

    - by LearnCode
    I installed ubuntu through Wubi and once i rebooted I get no root file system defined error. here's the output of the boot_info_script.Could anyone point me out where the error is. Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011 ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe /ntldr /ntdetect.com /wubildr /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr /wubildr.mbr /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr.mbr /ubuntu/disks/root.disk /ubuntu/disks/swap.disk sda1/Wubi: _____________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /boot.ini /ntldr /NTDETECT.COM sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20673 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 301,250,879 301,250,817 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 301,250,943 312,575,759 11,324,817 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) GUID Partition Table detected, but does not seem to be used. Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System /dev/sda1 323,465,741,313,502,988275,962,973,585-323,465,465,350,529,402 - /dev/sda2 242,728,591,638,290,720578,721,383,108,845,578335,992,791,470,554,859 - /dev/sda3 1,827,498,311,425,204,2562,091,935,274,843,009,907264,436,963,417,805,652 - /dev/sda4 579,711,218,081,401,3572,006,665,459,744,645,1521,426,954,241,663,243,796 - /dev/sda11 270,286,346,402,038,1183,786,543,326,404,525,9543,516,256,980,002,487,837 - /dev/sda12 4,179,681,002,230,769,6684,179,389,374,010,033,387-291,628,220,736,280 - /dev/sda13 232,556,480,979,456,1311,160,152,593,793,119,235927,596,112,813,663,105 - /dev/sda14 98,342,784,050,266,9183,691,264,578,843,725,1953,592,921,794,793,458,278 - /dev/sda15 2,307,845,219,957,882,4961,850,841,032,955,276,350-457,004,187,002,606,145 - /dev/sda16 512,592,046,878,946,497368,458,231,024,779,444-144,133,815,854,167,052 - /dev/sda17 2,504,135,232,870,384,3923,665,087,872,719,320,8291,160,952,639,848,936,438 - /dev/sda18 3,783,181,605,270,691,304122,034,509,624,708,942-3,661,147,095,645,982,361 - /dev/sda19 3,519,661,520,275,829,5122,376,243,094,723,723,587-1,143,418,425,552,105,924 - /dev/sda20 3,867,920,076,859,0744,494,691,111,933,625,1044,490,823,191,856,766,031 - /dev/sda21 1,500,144,061,909,253,7612,511,182,033,846,676,3401,011,037,971,937,422,580 - /dev/sda22 13,035,625,499,900,0062,360,168,613,941,394,9472,347,132,988,441,494,942 - /dev/sda23 4,228,978,682,068,599,48813,159,423,631,648,263-4,215,819,258,436,951,224 - /dev/sda24 3,695,955,742,872,046,9084,561,928,726,501,845,776865,972,983,629,798,869 - /dev/sda25 1,297,460,286,683,948,0461,444,350,486,339,417,957146,890,199,655,469,912 - /dev/sda26 1,228,858,248,533,131,831 0-1,228,858,248,533,131,830 - /dev/sda121 3,189,184,846,146,487,1461,849,820,258,006,914,852-1,339,364,588,139,572,293 - /dev/sda122 1,226,215,547,991,800,578389,781,518,734,546,300-836,434,029,257,254,277 - /dev/sda123 3,851,660,168,574,583,4654,046,215,657,583,031,556194,555,489,008,448,092 - /dev/sda124 1,197,460,980,174,153,341699,103,965,005,093,246-498,357,015,169,060,094 - Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750153367552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91200 cylinders, total 1465143296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2,048 1,465,143,295 1,465,141,248 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 iso9660 Ubuntu 11.04 amd64 /dev/loop1 squashfs /dev/sda1 E814B55B14B52E06 ntfs /dev/sda2 01CD-023B vfat HP_RECOVERY /dev/sdb1 7836F22A36F1E8D0 ntfs Elements ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) /dev/loop1 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sdb1 /mnt fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) ================================ sda2/boot.ini: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [boot loader] timeout=0 default=C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT="Microsoft Windows Recovery Console" /cmdcons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ======================== Unknown GPT Partiton Type c104043000e9b9040dff24b580010100 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 46313020746f20737461727420746865 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 65727920706172746974696f6e207761 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 727920706172746974696f6e0d0a0000 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 000f84e5f7668b162404e82804744066 Unknown GPT Partiton Type ce01e8dc038bfe66391624047505e8d9 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 0345086603f0e881030bd2740333d240 Unknown GPT Partiton Type bece01e8db0287fec645041266895508 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 01f60634010175078b363b01e854f5e8 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 313825740ffec03865107408fec03824 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 02f60634014074088bfdbece01e85101 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 263401f9e894f30f858ef4e8e201e8ec Unknown GPT Partiton Type f7e960f35245434f5645525966606633 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 660faf1e00106603dac3668b0e001066 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 8bfd386d04740583c710e2f6c36660c6 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 04ebf132c0b91000f3aac3bf0c04ebf3 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 02662bc1660fb71e0e02662bc366031e Unknown GPT Partiton Type f4b40ebb0700b901003c08751381ff25 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 534f465448494e4b90653f62011b0100 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 0b050900027777772e68702e636f6d00 Unknown GPT Partiton Type d441a0f5030003000ecb744a08bb3746 Unknown GPT Partiton Type f8579a116b4a7aa931cde97a4b9b5c09 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 7229990415b77c0a1970e7e824237a3a Unknown GPT Partiton Type afb6e34d6b4bd8c7c0eada19a9786cc3 Unknown BootLoader on sda1/Wubi 00000000 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 |0000000000000000| * 00000200 Unknown BootLoader on sda2 00000000 e9 a7 00 52 45 43 4f 56 45 52 59 00 02 08 20 00 |...RECOVERY... .| 00000010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 f0 00 7f b9 f4 11 |........?.......| 00000020 8c cd ac 00 1e 2b 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.....+..........| 00000030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000040 80 00 29 3b 02 cd 01 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..);... | 00000050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 8b d0 c1 e2 02 80 | FAT32 ......| 00000060 e6 01 66 c1 e8 07 66 3b 46 f8 74 2a 66 89 46 f8 |..f...f;F.t*f.F.| 00000070 66 03 46 f4 66 0f b6 5e 28 80 e3 0f 74 0f 3a 5e |f.F.f..^(...t.:^| 00000080 10 0f 83 90 00 66 0f af 5e 24 66 03 c3 bb e0 07 |.....f..^$f.....| 00000090 b9 01 00 e8 cf 00 8b da 66 8b 87 00 7e 66 25 ff |........f...~f%.| 000000a0 ff ff 0f 66 3d f8 ff ff 0f c3 33 c9 8e d9 8e c1 |...f=.....3.....| 000000b0 8e d1 66 bc f4 7b 00 00 bd 00 7c 66 0f b6 46 10 |..f..{....|f..F.| 000000c0 66 f7 66 24 66 0f b7 56 0e 66 03 56 1c 66 89 56 |f.f$f..V.f.V.f.V| 000000d0 f4 66 03 c2 66 89 46 fc 66 c7 46 f8 ff ff ff ff |.f..f.F.f.F.....| 000000e0 66 8b 46 2c 66 50 e8 af 00 bb 70 00 b9 01 00 e8 |f.F,fP....p.....| 000000f0 73 00 bf 00 07 b1 0b be a9 7d f3 a6 74 2a 03 f9 |s........}..t*..| 00000100 83 c7 15 81 ff 00 09 72 ec 66 40 4a 75 db 66 58 |[email protected]| 00000110 e8 47 ff 72 cf be b4 7d ac 84 c0 74 09 b4 0e bb |.G.r...}...t....| 00000120 07 00 cd 10 eb f2 cd 19 66 58 ff 75 09 ff 75 0f |........fX.u..u.| 00000130 66 58 bb 00 20 66 83 f8 02 72 da 66 3d f8 ff ff |fX.. f...r.f=...| 00000140 0f 73 d2 66 50 e8 50 00 0f b6 4e 0d e8 16 00 c1 |.s.fP.P...N.....| 00000150 e1 05 03 d9 66 58 53 e8 00 ff 5b 72 d8 8a 56 40 |....fXS...[r..V@| 00000160 ea 00 00 00 20 66 60 66 6a 00 66 50 53 6a 00 66 |.... f`fj.fPSj.f| 00000170 68 10 00 01 00 8b f4 b8 00 42 8a 56 40 cd 13 be |h........B.V@...| 00000180 c7 7d 72 94 67 83 44 24 06 20 66 67 ff 44 24 08 |.}r.g.D$. fg.D$.| 00000190 e2 e3 83 c4 10 66 61 c3 66 48 66 48 66 0f b6 56 |.....fa.fHfHf..V| 000001a0 0d 66 f7 e2 66 03 46 fc c3 4e 54 4c 44 52 20 20 |.f..f.F..NTLDR | 000001b0 20 20 20 20 0d 0a 4e 6f 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | ..No System | 000001c0 44 69 73 6b 20 6f 72 0d 0a 44 69 73 6b 20 49 2f |Disk or..Disk I/| 000001d0 4f 20 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 0a 50 72 65 73 73 20 61 |O error..Press a| 000001e0 20 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 74 61 72 74 0d | key to restart.| 000001f0 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== umount: /isodevice: device is busy. (In some cases useful info about processes that use the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

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  • t-sql help with recursive sort of query

    - by stackoverflowuser
    Hi Based on the following table ID Path --------------------------------------- 1 \\Root 2 \\Root\Node0 3 \\Root\Node0\Node1 4 \\Root\Node0\Node2 5 \\Root\Node3 6 \\Root\Node3\Node4 7 \\Root\Node5 ... N \\Root\Node5\Node6\Node7\Node8\Node9\Node10 so on... There are around 1000 rows in this table. I want to display individual node in seperate columns. Maximum columns to be displayed 5 (i.e. node till 5 level deep). So the output will look as below ID Path Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 \\Root Root Null Null Null Null Null 2 \\Root\Node0 Root Node 0 Null Null Null Null 3 \\Root\Node0\Node1 Root Node 0 Node 1 Null Null Null 4 \\Root\Node0\Node2 Root Node 0 Node 2 Null Null Null 5 \\Root\Node3 Root Node 3 Null Null Null Null 6 \\Root\Node3\Node4 Root Node 3 Node 4 Null Null Null 7 \\Root\Node5 Root Node 5 Null Null Null Null ... N (see in above table) Root Node 5 Node 6 Node 7 Node 8 Node 9 The only way i can think of is to open a cursor, loop through each row and perform string split, just fetch the first 5 nodes and then insert into a temp table. Pls. suggest. Thanks

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  • Finding the digit root of a number

    - by Jessica M.
    Study question is to find the digit root of a already provided number. The teacher provides us with the number 2638. In order to find the digit root you have to add each digit separately 2 + 6 + 3 + 8 = 19. Then you take the result 19 and add those two digits together 1 + 9 = 10. Do the same thing again 1 + 0 = 1. The digit root is 1. My first step was to use the variable total to add up the number 2638 to find the total of 19. Then I tried to use the second while loop to separate the two digits by using the % I have to try and solve the problem by using basic integer arithmetic (+, -, *, /). 1.Is it necessary and or possible to solve the problem using nested while loops? 2.Is my math correct? 3. As I wrote it here it does not run in Eclipse. Am I using the while loops correctly? import acm.program.*; public class Ch4Q7 extends ConsoleProgram { public void run(){ println("This program attempts to find the digit root of your number: "); int n = readInt("Please enter your number: "); int total = 0; int root = total; while (n > 0 ){ total = total + (n %10); n = (n / 10); } while ( total > 0 ){ root = total; total = ((total % 10) + total / 10); } println("your root should be " + root); } }

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  • Unix LVM: how to resize root lvm

    - by Hussein Sabbagh
    I took over a virtual server at work after a co-worker left. He, however, setup the server incorrectly at multiple stages and im cleaning them up as I run into them... Currently I realized that the file system is broken in half onto 2 logical volumes both at 50gb. One is mounted as the root directory and the other as the /home directory. Saddly, the server has taken up 46gb of the root lv and i need to expand it. I have already shrunk and remounted the home lv. I resized the root lv, but I can't figure out how to unmount the root directory while the computer is on. Obviously this needs to be done before I can finalize the expansion, but I don't know how. I'd appreciate any help or pointing in the right direction. Thanks in advance. PS this is on a CentOS server.

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  • WSS 3.0 Backup/Restore Root Site Collection to Sub-Site of New Site Collection

    - by bfrancis
    Our intranet was originally setup to be at the root of its site collection. We are trying to change this so that our new internet site will live in the root and the intranet will be a sub-site. At this point I have created a new web application and site collection to house the internet and intranet. I used the 'stsadm -o backup' command to create a backup of our current intranet. I then ran the 'stsadm -o restore' command to restore the intranet site collection to wss/sites/intranet. This seems to have worked as I am able to access the intranet from this location. The issue I now seem to have is that images, sub-sites, etc. are all making reference as if the intranet is still the root site. So for example a link to a sub-site is pointing to wss/department/technology/default.aspx and it needs to point to wss/sites/intranet/department/technology/default.aspx. I am looking for help and/or clarification on two things: 1. Am I approaching the migration of a root site collection to a sub-site the best way? 2. How would I go about updating the link references so that they are based on the intranet now being a sub-site instead of the root site?

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  • eth0 and eth1 both assigned same IP on boot

    - by Banjer
    I have a physical SLES 11 SP2 server on a Sun Fire x4140 that is giving me problems with networking upon reboot. The NICs are onboard. The networking appears successful during boot, but network services such as nfs fail hard. This is because eth0 and eth1 are both receiving the same configuration and are both ifup-ed. Once everything times out and I'm at the console, ifconfig shows that eth0 and eth1 are UP and running with the same IP. Attempting to ping anything in that subnet fails. Restarting the network service fixes the issue. eth0 is the correct NIC that should be configured as primary, per the MAC address. Question: Whats causing eth1 to be brought up with the same config as eth0?? I do not have a config script set up for eth1: banjer@harp:~> ls -la /etc/sysconfig/network/ total 104 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jun 11 12:21 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:46 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13916 Apr 10 09:32 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9952 Apr 10 09:36 dhcp -rw------- 1 root root 180 Jun 11 12:21 ifcfg-eth0 -rw------- 1 root root 180 Jun 11 12:21 ifcfg-eth3 -rw------- 1 root root 172 Feb 1 08:32 ifcfg-lo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29333 Feb 1 08:32 ifcfg.template drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:32 if-down.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 Feb 1 08:32 ifroute-lo drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:33 if-up.d drwx------ 2 root root 4096 May 5 2010 providers -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 Nov 16 2010 routes drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:36 scripts On a side note, eth3 is also configured with an IP in a different subnet, but this has not posed any problems. FYI the kernel module being used is forcedeth. banjer@harp:~> sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0 BOOTPROTO='static' BROADCAST='' ETHTOOL_OPTIONS='' IPADDR='172.21.64.25/20' MTU='' NAME='MCP55 Ethernet' NETWORK='' REMOTE_IPADDR='' STARTMODE='auto' USERCONTROL='no' ONBOOT="yes" Here's eth3 in case you need to see it: banjer@harp:~> sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth3 BOOTPROTO='static' BROADCAST='' ETHTOOL_OPTIONS='' IPADDR='172.11.200.4/24' MTU='' NAME='MCP55 Ethernet' NETWORK='' REMOTE_IPADDR='' STARTMODE='auto' USERCONTROL='no' ONBOOT="yes" Perhaps is something related to udev? 70-persistent-net-rules looks OK to me, but I may not understand it completely. banjer@harp:~> cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules # This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules # program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file. # # You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single # line, and change only the value of the NAME= key. # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4a", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4b", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4d", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth3" # PCI device 0x1077:0x3032 (qla3xxx) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:c1:dd:0e:34:6c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth4" Any other thoughts on what would cause this?

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  • NFSv4 "Too many levels of symbolic links" error

    - by user1434058
    Both machines are running Ubuntu 12.04 Remote NFSv4 Client $ ls /mnt/storage/aaaaaaa_aaa/bbbb/cccc_ccccc gives this error: ls: reading directory .: Too many levels of symbolic links How can I fix this? When error occurs ls start listing the files, however PHP brakes. On the NFSv4 Server In /etc/fstab: /mnt/storage /srv/storage none bind 0 0 In /etc/exports /srv 192.168.1.0/24(rw,async,insecure,no_subtree_check,crossmnt,fsid=0,no_root_squash) /srv/storage 192.168.1.0/24(rw,async,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash) ERROR root@ds:root@ds:/mnt/storage/foreign_dbs/imdb/imdb_htmls# ls -l | head ls: reading directory .: Too many levels of symbolic links total 10302840 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10484 Jul 5 13:56 0019038.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16264 Mar 30 00:31 0259701.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13784 Mar 30 14:20 1000000.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12741 Mar 30 13:04 1000003.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12794 Mar 30 12:40 1000004.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13123 Mar 30 12:07 1000005.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13183 Mar 30 12:04 1000006.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13443 Jul 4 01:16 1000007.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12968 Mar 30 11:05 1000008.gz I came across it in PHP. scandir would return 1612577.gz & 1612579.gz, but skips 1612578.gz and yet the file types and properties are identical on them and this only happens on the nfs client, works 100% on the server

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  • ubuntu automount: only mounting drives as root?

    - by glisignoli
    I'm sharing the /mount dir with smb so users on my network can access use drives added to my linux box. Users are able to read files but not write, modify or delete files or directories. I'm using ubuntu 10.04 server edition with halevt installed for usb auto mounting. Afaik halevt is automounting the drives to /media/ but the drives are showing up as: drwxrwxr-x 1 root root 20480 2010-12-29 20:40 disk drwxrwxr-x 1 root root 24576 2010-12-21 17:20 Sparta mount gives me: /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /media/disk type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,sync,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions) /dev/sdc1 on /media/Sparta type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,sync,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions) When I umount the drives, the folders /media/disk and /media/Sparta are both removed. I tried changing the permissions with chown to nobody:nogroup but it doesn't work (which I assume is because they are ntfs drives).

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  • UNIX User Account to Restricted SysAdmin (User/Printer Admin only)

    - by Mark
    Hi all, I'd like to know if there is a way for a user account to be enabled or elevated to carry out system admin tasks WITHOUT having to use the root account or sudo. Goal here is to allow a user account to Add/Delete users/printers without giving them the 'God' powers that the root account carries, in a way setting up a restricted system admin essentially. Not sure if there is a way of doing this as most just use root to my understanding.

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  • Failed to start apache Can't open /etc/apache2/envvars

    - by bumperbox
    i have had this problem a couple of times now and i am not sure what is causing it Failed to start apache : .: 45: Can't open /etc/apache2/envvars when i look at a dir listing, i get these question marks next to envvars, does anyone know what that means? os is ubuntu 10 if that helps drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jan 29 11:56 . drwxr-xr-x 83 root root 4096 Feb 4 10:34 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8113 Sep 29 01:52 apache2.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8027 Oct 3 22:26 apache2.conf.dpkg-old drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 29 11:56 conf.d ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? envvars -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 3 22:25 httpd.conf ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? magic drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 29 11:56 mods-available drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 29 10:18 mods-enabled ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? ports.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 29 11:56 sites-available drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 29 11:55 sites-enabled UPDATE Just heard back from the hosting company, they move my VPS to a new hardware node last night, and something at their end wasn't quite right which caused the issue

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  • Pecl install ssh2, make failed

    - by user28259
    Hi! I'm trying really hard since two hours to install ssh2 with pecl... But all I get is: /bin/sh /root/ssh2-0.11.0/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/include -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/main -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c -o ssh2.lo mkdir .libs cc -I. -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/include -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/main -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/ssh2.o /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:52: error: duplicate 'static' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_methods_negotiated': /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:503: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:504: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:508: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:509: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:510: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:511: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:516: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:517: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:518: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:519: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_publickey_add': /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:1045: warning: passing argument 1 of '_efree' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_alloc.h:46: note: expected 'void *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_publickey_list': /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:1104: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_stringl_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:361: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const unsigned char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:1105: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_stringl_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:361: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const unsigned char *' make: *** [ssh2.lo] Error 1 I looked on google a lot, I found some patches which didn't worked at all. So if you think you could help me, go ahead! Thanks!

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  • Bootstrap a debian build environment and build source packages with no root privileges

    - by Erwan Queffélec
    On debian squeeze, I am trying to do the following : fetch sources package from the wheezy source repository bootstrap a squeeze chroot for several architectures build the packages for several architectures (i386, amd64 + all and any) I want both the fetching, bootstrapping and build operation to be scriptable, repeatable, and run as a normal user. For the environment setup, I want to make as little use of the root account as possible (install the necessary dependencies, and maybe some visudo stuff). If possible I would like to avoid using a VM (pbuilder with user mode linux) So far I have tried several things with pbuilder (require root), debootstrap (require root) with little success. Here is an example script of what I want to do (does not work): #/bin/bash set -e set -x this=`readlink -f $0` this_dir=`dirname $this` archs='i386 amd64 any all' pushd $this_dir/src # I actually want the following line to work with a repo that # is not in /etc/apt/sources.list but that is another question apt-get source cyrus-imapd-2.4 popd for arch in $archs do build_dir=$this_dir/build/$arch/ pbuilder --create --configfile $build_dir/pbuilderrc --buildresult $build_dir/ pbuilder --build --configfile $build_dir/pbuilderrc --buildresult \ $build_dir/ $this_dir/src/*.dsc # of course I want to use the .dput.cf in /home/myuser/ # and not in /root/ dput $build_dir/$arch/*.changes done

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  • How to make sure that grub does use menu.lst?

    - by Glen S. Dalton
    On my Ubuntu 9.04 ("Karmic") laptop I suspect grub does not use the /boot/grub/menu.lst file. What happens on boot is that I see a blank screen and nothing happens. When I press ESC I see a boot list which is different from what I would expect from the menu.lst file. The menu lines are different and when I choose the first entry it does not use the kernel options that are in the first entry in menu.lst. Where do the entries that grub uses come from? How can I find out what happens, is there a log? I could not find anything in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/dmesg about grub using a menu.lst. How can I set it to work like expected? Some Files: $ sudo ls -la /boot/grub/*lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1558 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/command.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/fs.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 272 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/handler.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4576 2010-03-19 11:26 /boot/grub/menu.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1657 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/moddep.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/partmap.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/parttool.lst $ sudo ls -la /vm* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 2009-12-12 16:15 /vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-16-generic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 2009-12-12 14:07 /vmlinuz.old -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic $ sudo ls -la /init* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-12-12 16:15 /initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-16-generic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-12-12 14:07 /initrd.img.old -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic The only menu.lst that I found: $ sudo find / -name "menu.lst" /boot/grub/menu.lst $ sudo cat /boot/grub/menu.lst # menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8) # grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8), # grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub # and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/. ## default num # Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and # the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used. # # You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry # is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'. # WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your # array will desync and will not let you boot your system. default 0 ## timeout sec # Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry # (normally the first entry defined). timeout 3 ## hiddenmenu # Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu) #hiddenmenu # Pretty colours color cyan/blue white/blue ## password ['--md5'] passwd # If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing # control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the # command 'lock' # e.g. password topsecret # password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/ # password topsecret # examples # # title Windows 95/98/NT/2000 # root (hd0,0) # makeactive # chainloader +1 # # title Linux # root (hd0,1) # kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro # Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST ### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST ## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified ## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below ## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs ## ## Start Default Options ## ## default kernel options ## default kernel options for automagic boot options ## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z ## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted. ## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro # kopt=root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro noresume ## default grub root device ## e.g. groot=(hd0,0) # groot=70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf ## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. alternative=true ## alternative=false # alternative=true ## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. lockalternative=true ## lockalternative=false # lockalternative=false ## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the ## alternatives ## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5 ## defoptions=quiet splash # defoptions=apm=on acpi=off ## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options ## e.g. lockold=false ## lockold=true # lockold=false ## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenhopt= ## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenkopt=console=tty0 ## altoption boot targets option ## multiple altoptions lines are allowed ## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options ## altoptions=(recovery) single # altoptions=(recovery mode) single ## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst ## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the ## alternative kernel options ## e.g. howmany=all ## howmany=7 # howmany=all ## specify if running in Xen domU or have grub detect automatically ## update-grub will ignore non-xen kernels when running in domU and vice versa ## e.g. indomU=detect ## indomU=true ## indomU=false # indomU=detect ## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option ## e.g. memtest86=true ## memtest86=false # memtest86=true ## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system ## can be true or false # updatedefaultentry=false ## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options ## can be true or false # savedefault=false ## ## End Default Options ## title Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic noresume uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro quiet splash apm=on acpi=off noresume initrd /initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic title Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode) uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro sing le initrd /initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic title Ubuntu 9.10, memtest86+ uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /memtest86+.bin ### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST These are the choices that grub displays after i press ESC: Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-16-generic Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-16-generic (recovery mode) Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-14-generic Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-14-generic (recovery mode) Memory test (memtest86+) Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)

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  • XAMPP pointing a file outside root folder

    - by Ravi
    I am using XAMPP for first time in Mac. Running out problems accessing other than root folder(htdocs).when I am placing my web application inside htdocs with default httpd.conf file it works when I try to point my web application url in httpd.conf it throws error I am aware that to modify the root folder I need to do changes to my XAMPP/etc/httpd.conf file With Default XAMPP MAC Settings, I am trying to change Server root,Document root and Directory in XAMPP/etc/httpd.conf file the following ServerRoot "/Users/ravi/Documents/Development/Backbone/backboneboilerplate" DocumentRoot "/Users/ravi/Documents/Development/Backbone/backboneboilerplate" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> <Directory "/Users/ravi/Documents/Development/Backbone/backboneboilerplate"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> its throwing error when trying to start XAMPP httpd: Syntax error on line 54 of /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/httpd.conf: Cannot load /Users/ravi/Documents/Development/Backbone/backboneboilerplate/modules/mod_authn_file.so into server: cannot create object file image or add library

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  • Kernel upgrade CentOS 5.3 mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'

    - by matt
    We have a CentOS 5.3 x64 server that by default runs kernel version 2.6.18-164.11.1 and we are attempting to upgrade the box to 2.6.31.12 The drive is LVM +ext3, and the problem I'm having is when I upgrade the kernel and attempt to boot from it, no matter what version of the kernel I use, I get /dev/root not found towards the end of the boot process, and the kernel panics, and than reboots. I'm installing the kernel exactly as it says in this doc. I've tried it "The centOS way " using make rpm and than installing that. I've updated my mkinitrd. The most interesting part of this problem is that it has been so frustrating that I decided to try and clean install centos on an identical machine without LVM, and the result is EXACTLY the same. After upgrading the kernel, I get /dev/root not found. Does anyone know how to fix this, or what information would be relevant to remedy it? I'm open to try anything at this point. One more interesting thing about this problem is that in the new version of the kernel, during boot it complains that dm-mapper is started twice, than panics right after that. I've tried this with other kernel versions, and the result is the same. What am I missing here? If you need any more files, please just ask. Linux cg 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.31.12-rt20) //NOT WORKING!!!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.12-rt20 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.31.12-rt20.img title CentOS (2.6.18-164.11.1.el5) //WORKING!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5.img

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  • Does disabling root login enhance security?

    - by PJ
    I have recently found an argument against disabling a root user login in Linux at http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/openbsd/2005-03/2878.html I assume that, if everybody uses a public key authentication, there's no risk at losing the root password. Is it always better to disable the root login via ssh?

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  • Serve WordPress from root of site on Bitnami EC2 Ubuntu image

    - by user57087
    Running Bitnami's Ubuntu Wordpress Image on Amazon EC2. By default the WordPress install is at /wordpress and there is a static index.html file in the root. How do I configure Apache and WordPress to serve from the root instead of /wordpress? I have tried the instructions on this page: http://digitivity.org/10/how-to-serve-your-wordpress-blog-from-the-root-directory-if-its-installed-in-a-subdirectory without success. I have tried changing the document root to the folder serving the wordpress content, but that just breaks WordPress. I know I am missing something simple, but not sure what. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • How to copy symlinks to target as normal folders

    - by Marek
    Hi i have a folder with symlinks: marek@marek$ ls -al /usr/share/solr/ razem 36 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-11-30 08:25 . drwxr-xr-x 358 root root 12288 2010-11-26 12:25 .. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-11-24 14:29 admin lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2010-11-24 14:29 conf -> /etc/solr/conf i want to copy it to ~/solrTest but i want to copy files from symlink as well when i try to cp -r /usr/share/solr/ ~/solrTest i will have symlink here: marek@marek$ ls -al ~/solrTest razem 36 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-11-30 08:25 . drwxr-xr-x 358 root root 12288 2010-11-26 12:25 .. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-11-24 14:29 admin lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2010-11-24 14:29 conf -> /etc/solr/conf

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  • Why is the latency on one LVM volume consistently higher?

    - by David Schmitt
    I've got a server with LVM over RAID1. One of the volumes has a consistently higher IO latency (as measured by the diskstats_latency munin plugin) than the other volumes from the same group. As you can see, the dark orange /root volume has consistently high IO latency. Actually ten times the average latency of the physical devices. It also has the highest Min and Max values. My main concern are not the peaks, which occur under high load, but the constant load on (semi-)idle. The server is running Debian Squeeze with the VServer kernel and has four VServer containers and one KVM guest. I'm looking for ways to fix - or at least understand - this situation. Here're some parts of the system configuration: root@kvmhost2:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/system--host-root 19G 3.8G 14G 22% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 16G 224K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm /dev/md0 942M 37M 858M 5% /boot /dev/mapper/system--host-isos 28G 19G 8.1G 70% /srv/isos /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_a 30G 23G 6.0G 79% /var/lib/vservers/a /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_b 5.0G 594M 4.1G 13% /var/lib/vservers/b /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_c 5.0G 555M 4.2G 12% /var/lib/vservers/c /dev/loop0 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /media/debian-6.0.0-amd64-DVD-1 /dev/loop1 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /media/debian-6.0.0-i386-DVD-1 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_d 74G 55G 16G 78% /var/lib/vservers/d root@kvmhost2:~# cat /proc/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 none /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=16500836k,nr_inodes=4125209,mode=755 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-root / ext3 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 rw,sync,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-isos /srv/isos ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_a /var/lib/vservers/a ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_b /var/lib/vservers/b ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_c /var/lib/vservers/c ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/loop0 /media/debian-6.0.0-amd64-DVD-1 iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0 /dev/loop1 /media/debian-6.0.0-i386-DVD-1 iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_d /var/lib/vservers/d ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 root@kvmhost2:~# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 975779968 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 979840 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> root@kvmhost2:~# iostat -x Linux 2.6.32-5-vserver-amd64 (kvmhost2) 06/28/2012 _x86_64_ (8 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 3.09 0.14 2.92 1.51 0.00 92.35 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 23.25 161.12 7.46 37.90 855.27 1596.62 54.05 0.13 2.80 1.76 8.00 sdb 22.82 161.36 7.36 37.66 850.29 1596.62 54.35 0.54 12.01 1.80 8.09 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.02 38.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md1 0.00 0.00 53.55 198.16 768.01 1585.25 9.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.48 20.21 16.70 161.71 8.62 0.26 12.72 0.77 1.60 dm-1 0.00 0.00 3.62 10.03 28.94 80.21 8.00 0.19 13.68 1.59 2.17 dm-2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.17 0.00 9.64 6.42 0.00 dm-3 0.00 0.00 6.73 0.41 53.87 3.28 8.00 0.02 3.44 0.12 0.09 dm-4 0.00 0.00 17.45 18.18 139.57 145.47 8.00 0.42 11.81 0.76 2.69 dm-5 0.00 0.00 2.50 46.38 120.50 371.07 10.06 0.69 14.20 0.46 2.26 dm-6 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.67 0.81 12.53 0.01 75.53 18.58 0.22 dm-7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.99 0.00 11.24 9.45 0.00 dm-8 0.00 0.00 22.69 102.76 407.25 822.09 9.80 0.97 7.71 0.39 4.95 dm-9 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.08 0.50 0.62 8.00 0.07 481.23 11.72 0.16 root@kvmhost2:~# ls -l /dev/mapper/ total 0 crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 May 11 11:19 control lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm1 -> ../dm-4 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm2 -> ../dm-3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-isos -> ../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 11:19 system--host-root -> ../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-swap -> ../dm-9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_d -> ../dm-8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_b -> ../dm-6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_c -> ../dm-7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_a -> ../dm-5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm3 -> ../dm-1 root@kvmhost2:~#

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