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  • Questions about the Backpropogation Algorithm

    - by Colemangrill
    I have a few questions concerning backpropogation. I'm trying to learn the fundamentals behind neural network theory and wanted to start small, building a simple XOR classifier. I've read a lot of articles and skimmed multiple textbooks - but I can't seem to teach this thing the pattern for XOR. Firstly, I am unclear about the learning model for backpropogation. Here is some pseudo-code to represent how I am trying to train the network. [Lets assume my network is setup properly (ie: multiple inputs connect to a hidden layer connect to an output layer and all wired up properly)]. SET guess = getNetworkOutput() // Note this is using a sigmoid activation function. SET error = desiredOutput - guess SET delta = learningConstant * error * sigmoidDerivative(guess) For Each Node in inputNodes For Each Weight in inputNodes[n] inputNodes[n].weight[j] += delta; // At this point, I am assuming the first layer has been trained. // Then I recurse a similar function over the hidden layer and output layer. // The prime difference being that it further divi's up the adjustment delta. I realize this is probably not enough to go off of, and I will gladly expound on any part of my implementation. Using the above algorithm, my neural network does get trained, kind of. But not properly. The output is always XOR 1 1 [smallest number] XOR 0 0 [largest number] XOR 1 0 [medium number] XOR 0 1 [medium number] I can never train the [1,1] [0,0] to be the same value. If you have any suggestions, additional resources, articles, blogs, etc for me to look at I am very interested in learning more about this topic. Thank you for your assistance, I appreciate it greatly!

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  • Doubly Linked Lists Implementation

    - by user552127
    Hi All, I have looked at most threads here about Doubly linked lists but still unclear about the following. I am practicing the Goodrich and Tamassia book in Java. About doubly linked lists, please correct me if I am wrong, it is different from a singly linked list in that a node could be inserted anywhere, not just after the head or after the tail using both the next and prev nodes available, while in singly linked lists, this insertion anywhere in the list is not possible ? If one wants to insert a node in a doubly linked list, then the default argument should be either the node after the to-be inserted node or node before the to-be inserted node ? But if this is so, then I don't understand how to pass the node before or after. Should we be displaying all nodes that were inserted till now and ask the user to select the node before or after which some new node is to be inserted ? My doubt is how to pass this default node. Because I assume that will require the next and prev nodes of these nodes as well. For e.g, Head<-A<-B<-C<-D<-E<-tail If Z is the new node to be inserted after say D, then how should node D be passed ? I am confused with this though it seems pretty simple to most. But pl do explain. Thanks, Sanjay

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  • Multiple leaf methods problem in composite pattern

    - by Ondrej Slinták
    At work, we are developing an PHP application that would be later re-programmed into Java. With some basic knowledge of Java, we are trying to design everything to be easily re-written, without any headaches. Interesting problem came out when we tried to implement composite pattern with huge number of methods in leafs. What are we trying to achieve (not using interfaces, it's just an example): class Composite { ... } class LeafOne { public function Foo( ); public function Moo( ); } class LeafTwo { public function Bar( ); public function Baz( ); } $c = new Composite( Array( new LeafOne( ), new LeafTwo( ) ) ); // will call method Foo in all classes in composite that contain this method $c->Foo( ); It seems like pretty much classic Composite pattern, but problem is that we will have quite many leaf classes and each of them might have ~5 methods (of which few might be different than others). One of our solutions, which seems to be the best one so far and might actually work, is using __call magic method to call methods in leafs. Unfortunately, we don't know if there is an equivalent of it in Java. So the actual question is: Is there a better solution for this, using code that would be eventually easily re-coded into Java? Or do you recommend any other solution? Perhaps there's some different, better pattern I could use here. In case there's something unclear, just ask and I'll edit this post.

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  • How to amend return value design in OO manner?

    - by FrontierPsycho
    Hello. I am no newb on OO programming, but I am faced with a puzzling situation. I have been given a program to work on and extend, but the previous developers didn't seem that comfortable with OO, it seems they either had a C background or an unclear understanding of OO. Now, I don't suggest I am a better developer, I just think that I can spot some common OO errors. The difficult task is how to amend them. In my case, I see a lot of this: if (ret == 1) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 2) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 3) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 0) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 5) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 6) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 7) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } ret is a value returned by a function, in which all Exceptions are swallowed, and in the catch blocks, the above values are returned explicitly. Oftentimes, the Exceptions are simply swallowed, with empty catch blocks. It's obvious that swalllowing exceptions is wrong OO design. My question concerns the use of return values. I believe that too is wrong, however I think that using Exceptions for control flow is equally wrong, and I can't think of anything to replace the above in a correct, OO manner. Your input, please?

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  • Android newbie installing Eclipse, having issues....

    - by Jeff
    I am a web developer, new to app development and Java/Android. I am about to follow some tutorials to get started learning but I'm running into a wall. The Android dev site says the recommended way to build Android apps is in Java using the Eclipse plug in. So I downloaded Eclipse Classic and unzipped it on to get this error: "A Java Runtime Environment (JRE) or Java Development Kit (JDK) must be available in order to run Eclipse. No Java virtual machine was found after searching the following locations: /Users//Desktop/eclipse/Eclipse.app/Contents/MacOS/jre/bin/java java in your current PATH" Any idea what the issue is and how I can fix it? Again, newbie to java, jre, android, so I apologize if this question has already been asked. In my research I've discovered that most of the posts or solutions I've found are tough for me to follow. There's always a few unclear items that are probably prohibiting me from getting the answer I need. So I'm hoping someone can walk me through installing or configuring whatever I need to regarding Java so I can continue installing Eclipse and begin learning. I should probably note that I'm on Mac OSX 10.6.6 Snow Leopard. Please let me know if you need any other info. Thanks so much in advance for any and all help!!!

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  • JQuery: Combine multiple pages into one

    - by k_wave
    I am developing an application by using phonegap and jQuery Mobile. Phonegap recommends a single document structure. As 5 divs or more in a document are pretty unclear, I'm trying to split up my pages (the div's) into multiple documents. As soon as phonegap loads the app, I want to insert these documents into the index.html. function loadPage(external_document) { var docname=external_document+".html"; $.get(docname, function(data) { console.log(docname+" loading"); $("body").append($(data).find("body")); $("head").append($(data).find("head")); console.log(docname+" loaded"); }); } document.addEventListener("deviceready", function(){ loadPage("DialogCredentials"); }, false); DialogCredentials.html <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/DialogCredentials.js"></script> </head> <body> <div data-role="page" id="dlg_credentials"> <div data-role="header"><h1>Login</h1></div> <div data-role="content"> ... </div> </div><!-- /page --> </body> </html> As soon as the loadPage gets executed there should be a <div id="dlg_credentials"… and the corresponding javascript tag in the dom of my main document. But it isn't. There are no errors shown in the web inspector. So what am I doing wrong here?

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  • How can I handle all my errors/messages in one place on an Asp.Net page?

    - by Atomiton
    Hi all, I'm looking for some guidance here. On my site I put things in Web user controls. For example, I will have a NewsItem Control, an Article Control, a ContactForm control. These will appear in various places on my site. What I'm looking for is a way for these controls to pass messages up to the Page that they exist on. I don't want to tightly couple them, so I think I will have to do this with Events/Delegates. I'm a little unclear as to how I would implement this, though. A couple of examples: 1 A contact form is submitted. After it's submitted, instead of replacing itself with a "Your mail has been sent" which limits the placement of that message, I'd like to just notify the page that the control is on with a Status message and perhaps a suggested behaviour. So, a message would include the text to render as well as an enum like DisplayAs.Popup or DisplayAs.Success 2 An Article Control queries the database for an Article object. Database returns an Exception. Custom Exception is passed to the page along with the DisplayAs.Error enum. The page handles this error and displays it wherever the errors go. I'm trying to accomplish something similar to the ValidationSummary Control, except that I want the page to be able to display the messages as the enum feels fit. Again, I don't want to tightly bind or rely a control existing on the Page. I want the controls to raise these events, but the page can ignore them if it wants. Am I going about this the right way? I'd love a code sample just to get me started. I know this is a more involved question, so I'll wait longer before voting/choosing the answers.

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  • Java Days & Bookings

    - by sys_debug
    Ok this is an extension of a question I asked about earlier yet this is the next step that is unclear to me. Everything else will be ready and this part is driving me mad! some members provided great help and I already made progress with that info, but this is just another obstacle. I am creating a booking object (as was suggested) that will have a start date and end date. each booking will also have a number of seats associated with it (that I require to reserve). The total available number of seats any given day 46 (as the total capacity of the hall is 46 seats). so in assumption that I have a booking to be made in the system, and start date is 1st jan and end date is 10th jan. The question is how can I check the remaining seats in all those days between the range to see if requested number could be hosted or not? and then when the second booking is made, it will have to see that the days in this range already have less than 46 and decrement further if possible to host the reservation. one of the members, and I appreciate his effort, gladly contributed a method to compare if this booking is after or before the existing bookings. The code provided is here: public boolean overlapsWithExisting(Booking booking) { final Date early = booking.getStart(); final Date late = booking.getEnd(); for(Booking existing : existingBookings) { if(!(early.isAfter(existing.getEnd() || late.isBefore(existing.getStart())) return true; } return false; } I just want to know how to associate 46 with each day and keep record of days that are decremented by bookings. Thanks and reallllllly appreciated :D

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  • complex regular expression task

    - by Don Don
    Hi, What regular expressions do I need to extract section title(s) in a text file? So, in the following sample text, I'd like to extract "Communication and Leadership" "1.Self-Knowledge" "2. Humility" "(3) Clear Thinking". Many thanks. Communication and Leadership True leaders understand that, rather than forcing their followers into a preconceived mold, their job is to motivate and organize followers to collectively accomplish goals that are in everyone's interests. The ability to communicate this to co-workers and followers is critical to the effectiveness of leadership. 1.Self-Knowledge Superior leaders are able to devote their skills and energies to leadership of a group because they have worked through personal issues to the point where they know themselves thoroughly. A high level of self-knowledge is a prerequisite to effective communication skills, because the things that you communicate as a leader are coming from within. 2. Humility This subversion of personal preference requires a certain level of humility. Although popular definitions of leaders do not always see them as humble, the most effective leaders actually are. This humility may not be expressed in self-effacement, but in a total commitment to the goals of the organization. Humility requires an understanding of one's own relative unimportance in comparison to larger systems. (3) Clear Thinking Clarity of thinking translates into clarity of communication. A leader whose goals or personal analysis is muddled will tend to deliver unclear or ambiguous directions to followers, leading to confusion and dissatisfaction. A leader with a clear mind who is not ambivalent about her purposes will communicate what needs to be done in a s traightforward and unmistakable manner.

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  • What's the "correct way" to organize this project?

    - by user571747
    I'm working on a project that allows multiple users to submit large data files and perform operations on them. The "backend" which performs these operations is written in Perl while the "frontend" uses PHP to load HTML template files and determines which content to deliver. Data is stored in a database (MySQL, SQLite, Oracle) and while there is data which has not yet been acted upon, Perl adds it to a running queue which delivers data to other threads based on system load. In addition, there may be pre- and post-processing of the data before and after the main Perl script operates (the specifications are unclear) so I may want to allow these processors to be user-selectable plugins. I had been writing this project in a more procedural fashion but I am quickly realizing the benefit of separating concerns as to limit the scope one change has on the rest of the project. I'm quite unexperienced with design patterns and am curious what the best way to proceed is. I've heard MVC thrown around quite a bit but I am unsure of how to apply it. Specifically, what are some good options to structure this code (in terms of design patterns and folder hierarchy)? How can I achieve this with both PHP and Perl while minimizing duplicated code between languages? Should I keep my PHP files in the top level so I don't have ugly paths in the URL? Also, if I want to provide interchangeable databases, does each table need its own DAO implementation?

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  • Help me understand making maven project w/ non-maven jar dependencies usable by others

    - by deet
    Hi, I'm in the process of learning maven (and java packaging & distribution) with a new oss project I'm making as practice. Here's my situation, all java of course: My main project is ProjectA, maven-based in a github repository. I have also created one utility project, maven-based, in github: ProjectB. ProjectA depends on a project I have heavily modified that originally was from a google-code ant-based repository, ProjectC. So, how do I set up the build for ProjectA such that someone can download ProjectA.jar and use it without needing to install jars for ProjectB and ProjectC, and also how do I set up the build such that someone could check out ProjectA and run only 'mvn package' for a full compile? (Additionally, what should I do with my modified version of ProjectC? include the class files directly into ProjectA, or fork the project into something that could then be used by as a maven dependency?) I've been reading around, links such as this SO question and this SO question, but I'm unclear how those relate to my particular circumstance. So, any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • VB6 ActiveX exe - what is the proper registration sequence?

    - by Timbuck
    I have recently updated a Visual Basic 6 application that is an ActiveX exe, running on Windows XP. I have a couple of testers for this application who have received a copy of the exe and are attempting to run it. However, they are getting an error message "Unexpected error;quitting" when trying to do so. A key difference between their testing and my testing is that on the machines I tested on, I have admin rights and was able to register the application using the appname.exe /regserver command line. Reading the details at MS Support about file registration appears unclear: Visual Basic ActiveX EXE files register themselves the first time you run the EXE. However, you cannot use the EXE as a COM server until it is registered. So does this mean that after the first time the users run the exe that the application should be correctly registered, and the error I am receiving is sign of something other than an incorrectly registered application? Or does this mean that the application will not work properly until such time as the file is explicitly registered using the appname.exe /regserver command line? nb - during a production distribution, the software would be sent out to client PCs using Systems Management Server, which isn't an option for this testing.

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  • Modifying DOM of a webpage

    - by Prashant Singh
    The structure of a webpage is like this :- <div id='abc'> <div class='a'>Some contents here </div> <div class='b'>Some other contents< </div> </div> My aim is to add this after the class a in above structure. <div class='a'>Some other contents here </div> So that final structure looks like this :- <div id='abc'> <div class='a'>Some contents here </div> <div class='a'>Some other contents here </div> <div class='b'>Some other contents< </div> </div> Can there be a better way to do this using DOM properties. I was thinking of naive way of parsing the content and updating. Please comment if I am unclear in asking my doubt !

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  • Django: How to override a related sets "add" method?

    - by MB_
    I am working on a django project and i want to send a signal when something get's added to some models related set, e.g. we have an owner wo has a set of collectables and each time the method owner.collectable_set.add(something) is getting called i want signal like "collectable_added" or something. signals are clear to me, but in which manager(?) the "add" method sits that i want to override is unclear to me. edit: Upon the request of Xaver to provide more details. You can easily override a models "save" method, by simply defining it and calling the super-"save" so it get's properly saved with some extra functionality for example. But i wonder where to override a related sets "add" method. gosh, i think i haven't brought in any further details. but i think it even should be clear what i want to do from the first paragraph. edit2: This is the method i want to override. Is it recommended to do so or do you suggest another way to place the sending of the signal?

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  • How to call shared_ptr<boost::signal> from a vector in a loop?

    - by BTR
    I've got a working callback system that uses boost::signal. I'm extending it into a more flexible and efficient callback manager which uses a vector of shared_ptr's to my signals. I've been able to successfully create and add callbacks to the list, but I'm unclear as to how to actually execute the signals. ... // Signal aliases typedef boost::signal<void (float *, int32_t)> Callback; typedef std::shared_ptr<Callback> CallbackRef; // The callback list std::vector<CallbackRef> mCallbacks; // Adds a callback to the list template<typename T> void addCallback(void (T::* callbackFunction)(float * data, int32_t size), T * callbackObject) { CallbackRef mCallback = CallbackRef(new Callback()); mCallback->connect(boost::function<void (float *, int32_t)>(boost::bind(callbackFunction, callbackObject, _1, _2))); mCallbacks.push_back(mCallback); } // Pass the float array and its size to the callbacks void execute(float * data, int32_t size) { // Iterate through the callback list for (vector<CallbackRef>::iterator i = mCallbacks.begin(); i != mCallbacks.end(); ++i) { // What do I do here? // (* i)(data, size); // <-- Dereferencing doesn't work } } ... All of this code works. I'm just not sure how to run the call from within a shared_ptr from with a vector. Any help would be neat-o. Thanks, in advance.

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  • [PHP] MySql Proccesslist filled with "Sleep" Entries leading to "To many Connections" ?

    - by edorian
    Hi, i'd like to ask your help on a longstanding issue with php/mysql connections. Every time i execute a "SHOW PROCESSLIST" command it shows me about 400 idle (Status: Sleep) connections to the database Server emerging from our 5 Webservers. That never was much of a problem (and i didn't find a quick solution) until recently traffic numbers increased and since then MySql reports the "to many connections" Problems repeatedly, even so 350+ of those connections are in "sleep" state. Also a server can't get a mysql connection even if there are sleeping connection to that same server. All those connections vanish when a apache server is restated. The PHP Code used to create the Database connections uses the normal "mysql" Module, the "mysqli" Module, PEAR::DB and Zend Framework Db Adapter. (Different projects). NONE of the projects uses persistent connections. Raising the connection-limit is possible but doesn't seem like a good solution since it's 450 now and there are only 20-100 "real" connections at a time anyways. My question: Why are there so many connections in sleep state and how can i prevent that. Thank you for your time, if theres anything unclear or missing please let me know

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  • Importing a Mercurial repository automatically (e.g. SVN Externals)

    - by dawmail333
    I have a project that I am developing built off CodeIgniter. The main part of the project is a private system I am creating, but I want to add it to source control, to gain all the associated goodies. Now I'm using Mercurial, so I did the whole hg init bit, so I've got the repository set up. Now, one of the things I've done is to make a library for CodeIgniter, which I use in this project. Now I want to make this library open, so I need a separate repo for that. For anyone unfamiliar with CodeIgniter library development, here's a reference: application /config <- configuration files /libraries <- library logic in here Now I will probably develop a few more libraries in the course of this project, so I can't just dump a repo in the application folder without clumping them all together. What I did was this: dev/ci/library <- library here dev/project <- project here Now in both of those folders, I have made a repository. What I want to do is make the project repository automatically reference the library repository, so I can have a private and a public repository, as I explained earlier. The main way to do this, I have read, is to use subrepositories, but I can only find examples on nested ones (which are unclear anyway, I find). How do I make it reference another repository like svn:externals?

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  • Fill fields on a webpage

    - by MajuiF
    Hi everyone, I've already asked this question, but it's still too unclear to me, and it seems people haven't understood what I'm trying to do, so I'll try and be clearer. This website: https://www4.polymtl.ca/poly/poly.html is the website I want to fill. What I would like to be able to do, is modify the values of the "nip", "code", and "naissance" fields with text (for example, code being "majuif"). <input type=password name=code size=8 maxlength=8> <input type=password name=nip size=8 maxlength=8> <input type=password name=naissance size=8 maxlength=8> However, I don't know how to do that. And this is my problem. Should I write another HTML file - I don't know if the word "macro" can be used for that, but I'm pretty sure it can - and insert JavaScript in it? Please note that I'm not a professional in JavaScript or HTML, but I have basics, and still learning. Thanks, -Max.

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  • How to make your more experienced and authoritative teammates not to create 'fast temporary solution

    - by Roman
    I'm currently working on a small short-lived project. But despite the size it's complicated enough with very unclear logic. That's why it was started by more experienced developers. They work on it from time to time because it's not their main project. They made some code drafts with numerous places which 'would be rewritten in the nearest future'. After that they added several another 'temporary pieces'. And then again.. So, now the project is a mess of 'half-working' pieces of code with some hardcoded values, like file names or some constants which 'will be replaced latter with working parts'. The API is awful (nobody thinks about it actually). And it's really, really hard to do development now (for me it's the main and only project). I caught myself thinking that I spent about an hour every day just to understand again all that tricky 'temporary' things and API weaknesses. And after that hour my brain melts. I can't just say that "guys, your code smells like a trash dump". What's the correct way?

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  • Something missing

    - by DHF
    The error of "} expected" appears at line 5. Why is that? I have included it at line 15. The error of "Declaration missing ;" appears at line 8. Why? There is ";" at the end of the line. #include<iostream> using namespace std; class PEmployee { public: PEmployee(); PEmployee(string employee_name, double initial_salary); void set_salary(double new_salary); double get_salary() const; string get_name() const; private: Person person_data; double salary; }; //line 15 int main() { PEmployee f("Patrick", 1000.00); cout << f.get_name() << " earns a salary of " << f.get_salary() << endl; return 0; } Newbie here, sorry for unclear question

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  • explain notifier.c from the Linux kernel

    - by apollon
    I'm seeking to fully understand the following code snippet from kernel/notifier.c. I have read and built simple link lists and think I get the construct from K&R's C programming. The second line below which begins with the 'int' appears to be two items together which is unclear. The first is the (*notifier_call) which I believe has independent but related significance with the second containing a 'notifier block' term. Can you explain how it works in detail? I understand that there is a function pointer and multiple subscribers possible. But I lack the way to tie these facts together, and could use a primer or key so I exactly understand how the code works. The third line looks to contain the linking structure, or recursive nature. Forgive my terms, and correct them as fit as I am a new student of computer science terminology. struct notifier_block { int (*notifier_call)(struct notifier_block *, unsigned long, void *); struct notifier_block *next; int priority; };

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  • What if &ldquo;Microsoft&rdquo; were in our shoes? About Windows Phone

    - by Vijaya Malla
    This is what I think about Microsoft Windows Phone. If Microsoft were in our shoes looking at various phones available their configurations, memory, front facing cameras etc. Microsoft disappointed the USA customer base again by not getting Nokia Lumia 800. The Past: If we talk few years ago, few business people were on their Blackberry’s and few Gadget lovers were on crappy Windows OS devices. The world was all going right till Apple came with a revolutionary device iPhone, which completely changed our perception towards phone and how great a smartphone can be. It’s not just phone but the whole technology industry. The romantic appealing of the phone and smooth touch and feel of it made everyone to get one of those bad boys. The sales went up for not just Apple for AT&T too. Even though everyone complained about the signal strength of AT&T, everyone wanted to be on it because they have iPhones. All world wanted iPhone back then except Microsoft with few comments on how it is not going to be in market. But it did great and rocked the industry. A few years later with iPhone and Android taking over the smartphone market Microsoft realized that it should be in the game too. Worked on the design of it, and gave us the best Mobile OS ever. Everyone thinks that iOS is a great OS for phones but if you have touched a Windows Phone and use it for real then you will realize the strengths of it. so last year we welcomed Windows Phone 7 The Present : Windows Phone 7 has the fastest growing market. The phones are cheap, you can buy from any carrier out there. The phone became smarter and smarter with the recent update “Mango (7.5)” and with the collaboration with Nokia, Microsoft created a new eco-system for smartphones with the best smartphone hardware and best smartphone software. Everyone in the world was excited about the collaboration. As we fly over cloud 9 imagining about Nokia made Windows Phones we all heard a good news from Nokia “Nokia World”. Nokia showed the world what a best hardware making company can do with Windows Phone 7.5 OS. Nokia Lumia 800 and 710 took the spotlight. Everyone here in USA and all over the world wanted to own a Nokia Lumia 800 because of the design, software, proprietary apps from Nokia (maps, ESPN, drive and music). If USA market had Nokia Lumia 800, then it would have been the best step Microsoft and Nokia had ever made in their history of smartphone market. With all the numbers going to Android and IPhone, its not clear on why Microsoft/Nokia did not release Lumia 800 here in USA. Its unclear if Microsoft had learnt the lesson or not. if it had learnt the lesson I guess Microsoft needs to get the Nokia Lumia 800 to the USA. The Future: This is where we hope we get the best form Microsoft. I was an iPhone user, I used 2G, 3G, 3GS, 4 and then moved to Windows Phone and never felt so happy with my iPhones’. From the day when Nokia announced the partnership with Microsoft and said that they going to come up with a new Nokia windows phone, I was dreaming for my Nokia Phone. but looks like it is not going to happen any time soon. My thoughts about the Market :  Nokia has the biggest market base in the world. Even though people moved to Android or iPhone over the years in other parts of the world like India and China, people still love to use Nokia. Everyone who uses a Windows Phone now will wait for that day when Nokia Lumia comes to the USA but what either or both of the companies should do for a better market share is to make a very aggressive move with the hardware and bet on the devices. I am pretty sure that it will work. everyone here in the USA will like to have a dual core windows phone with front facing camera and all other crazy things that android/apple phones offer. I think we just have to wait for that day and hope that day comes soon. Love Microsoft and Nokia Thank you for reading.

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  • Oracle Text query parser

    - by Roger Ford
    Oracle Text provides a rich query syntax which enables powerful text searches.However, this syntax isn't intended for use by inexperienced end-users.  If you provide a simple search box in your application, you probably want users to be able to type "Google-like" searches into the box, and have your application convert that into something that Oracle Text understands.For example if your user types "windows nt networking" then you probably want to convert this into something like"windows ACCUM nt ACCUM networking".  But beware - "NT" is a reserved word, and needs to be escaped.  So let's escape all words:"{windows} ACCUM {nt} ACCUM {networking}".  That's fine - until you start introducing wild cards. Then you must escape only non-wildcarded searches:"win% ACCUM {nt} ACCUM {networking}".  There are quite a few other "gotchas" that you might encounter along the way.Then there's the issue of scoring.  Given a query for "oracle text query syntax", it would be nice if we could score a full phrase match higher than a hit where all four words are present but not in a phrase.  And then perhaps lower than that would be a document where three of the four terms are present.  Progressive relaxation helps you with this, but you need to code the "progression" yourself in most cases.To help with this, I've developed a query parser which will take queries in Google-like syntax, and convert them into Oracle Text queries. It's designed to be as flexible as possible, and will generate either simple queries or progressive relaxation queries. The input string will typically just be a string of words, such as "oracle text query syntax" but the grammar does allow for more complex expressions:  word : score will be improved if word exists  +word : word must exist  -word : word CANNOT exist  "phrase words" : words treated as phrase (may be preceded by + or -)  field:(expression) : find expression (which allows +,- and phrase as above) within "field". So for example if I searched for   +"oracle text" query +syntax -ctxcatThen the results would have to contain the phrase "oracle text" and the word syntax. Any documents mentioning ctxcat would be excluded from the results. All the instructions are in the top of the file (see "Downloads" at the bottom of this blog entry).  Please download the file, read the instructions, then try it out by running "parser.pls" in either SQL*Plus or SQL Developer.I am also uploading a test file "test.sql". You can run this and/or modify it to run your own tests or run against your own text index. test.sql is designed to be run from SQL*Plus and may not produce useful output in SQL Developer (or it may, I haven't tried it).I'm putting the code up here for testing and comments. I don't consider it "production ready" at this point, but would welcome feedback.  I'm particularly interested in comments such as "The instructions are unclear - I couldn't figure out how to do XXX" "It didn't work in my environment" (please provide as many details as possible) "We can't use it in our application" (why not?) "It needs to support XXX feature" "It produced an invalid query output when I fed in XXXX" Downloads: parser.pls test.sql

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  • Analysis Services (SSAS) - Unexpected Internal Error when processing (ProcessUpdate). Workaround/Resolution

    - by James Rogers
    Many implementations require the use of ProcessUpdate to support Type 1 slowly changing dimensions. ProcessUpdate drops all of the affected indexes and aggregations in partitions affected by data that changes in the Dimension on which the ProcessUpdate is being performed. Twice now I have had situations where the processing fails with "Internal error: An unexpected exception occurred." Any subsequent ProcessUpdate processing will also fail with the same error. In talking with Microsoft the issue is corrupt indexes for the Dimension(s) being processed in the partitions of the affected measure group. I cannot guarantee that the following will correct your problem but it did in my case and saved us quite a bit of down time.   Workaround: ProcessIndexes on the entire cube that is being processed and throwing the error. This corrected the problem on both 2008 and 2008 R2.   Pros:  Does not require a complete rebuild of the data (ProcessFull) for either the Dimension or Cube. User access can continue while this ProcessIndexes in underway.   Cons: Can take a long time, especially on large cubes with many partitions, dimensions and/or aggregations. Query Performance is usually severely impacted due to the memory and CPU requirements for Aggregation and Index building   <Batch http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine"http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine">  <Parallel>     <Process xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ddl2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine/2" xmlns:ddl2_2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine/2/2" xmlns:ddl100_100="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2008/engine/100/100" xmlns:ddl200="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2010/engine/200" xmlns:ddl200_200="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2010/engine/200/200">       <Object>         <DatabaseID>MyDatabase</DatabaseID>         <CubeID>MyCube</CubeID>       </Object>       <Type>ProcessIndexes</Type>       <WriteBackTableCreation>UseExisting</WriteBackTableCreation>     </Process>  </Parallel> </Batch>   The cube where the corruption exists can be found by having Profiler running while the ProcessUpdate is executing. The first partition that displays the "The Job has ended in failure." message in the TextData column will be part of the cube/measuregroup that has the corruption. You can try to run ProcessIndexes on just that measure group. This may correct the problem and save additional time if you have other large measure groups in the cube that are not affected by the corruption.   Remember to execute your normal ProcessUpdate batch after the successful completion of the ProcessIndexes. The ProcessIndexes does not pick up data changes.   Things that did not work: ProcessClearIndexes - why this doesn't work and ProcessIndexes does is unclear at this point. ProcessFull on the partition in question. In my latest case, this would clear up the problem for that partition. However, the next partition the ProcessUpdate touched that had data in it would generate and error. This leads me to believe the corruption problem will exist in all partitions in the affected measure group that have data in them.   NOTE: I experience this problem in both a SQL 2008 and SQL 2008 R2 Analysis Services environment, on separate built from the same relational database. This leads me to believe that some data condition in the tables used for the Dimension processing caused the corruption since the two environments were on physically separate hardware. I am waiting on Microsoft to analyze the dumps to give us more insight into what actually caused the corruption and will update this post accordingly.

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  • Software Architecture verses Software Design

    Recently, I was asked what the differences between software architecture and software design are. At a very superficial level both architecture and design seem to mean relatively the same thing. However, if we examine both of these terms further we will find that they are in fact very different due to the level of details they encompass. Software Architecture can be defined as the essence of an application because it deals with high level concepts that do not include any details as to how they will be implemented. To me this gives stakeholders a view of a system or application as if someone was viewing the earth from outer space. At this distance only very basic elements of the earth can be detected like land, weather and water. As the viewer comes closer to earth the details in this view start to become more defined. Details about the earth’s surface will start to actually take form as well as mane made structures will be detected. The process of transitioning a view from outer space to inside our earth’s atmosphere is similar to how an architectural concept is transformed to an architectural design. From this vantage point stakeholders can start to see buildings and other structures as if they were looking out of a small plane window. This distance is still high enough to see a large area of the earth’s surface while still being able to see some details about the surface. This viewing point is very similar to the actual design process of an application in that it takes the very high level architectural concept or concepts and applies concrete design details to form a software design that encompasses the actual implementation details in the form of responsibilities and functions. Examples of these details include: interfaces, components, data, and connections. In review, software architecture deals with high level concepts without regard to any implementation details. Software design on the other hand takes high level concepts and applies concrete details so that software can be implemented. As part of the transition between software architecture to the creation of software design an evaluation on the architecture is recommended. There are several benefits to including this step as part of the transition process. It allows for projects to ensure that they are on the correct path as to meeting the stakeholder’s requirement goals, identifies possible cost savings and can be used to find missing or nonspecific requirements that cause ambiguity in a design. In the book “Evaluating Software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies”, they define key benefits to adding an architectural review process to ensure that an architecture is ready to move on to the design phase. Benefits to evaluating software architecture: Gathers all stakeholders to communicate about the project Goals are clearly defined in regards to the creation or validation of specific requirements Goals are prioritized so that when conflicts occur decisions will be made based on goal priority Defines a clear expectation of the architecture so that all stakeholders have a keen understanding of the project Ensures high quality documentation of the architecture Enables discoveries of architectural reuse  Increases the quality of architecture practices. I can remember a few projects that I worked on that could have really used an architectural review prior to being passed on to developers. This project was to create some new advertising space on the company’s website in order to sell space based on the location and some other criteria. I was one of the developer selected to lead this project and I was given a high level design concept and a long list of ever changing requirements due to the fact that sales department had no clear direction as to what exactly the project was going to do or how they were going to bill the clients once they actually agreed to purchase the Ad space. In my personal opinion IT should have pushed back to have the requirements further articulated instead of forcing programmers to code blindly attempting to build such an ambiguous project.  Unfortunately, we had to suffer with this project for about 4 months when it should have only taken 1.5 to complete due to the constantly changing and unclear requirements. References  Clements, P., Kazman, R., & Klein, M. (2002). Evaluating Software Architectures. Westford, Massachusetts: Courier Westford. 

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