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  • Real world uses of Reflection.Emit

    - by Ryu
    In all the books I've read on reflection they often say that there aren't many cases where you want to generate IL on the fly, but they don't give any examples of where it does make sense. After seeing Reflection.Emit as a job requirement for a gaming company I was curious where else it's being used. I'm now wondering if there are any situations you've seen in the real world were it was the best solution to the problem. Perhaps it is used as an implementation to a design pattern? Note I imagine PostSharp / AOP uses it.

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  • Uses of Erlang in Telecom

    - by user94154
    I'm a web developer and a college student majoring in telecommunications. This means I'm decent at programming and I know a little about telecom networks (at a high, non-technical level). I keep reading that Erlang is used all over the telecom industry (supposedly for its performance). I'm wondering if there's anyway I can combine my programming skills with my telecommunications major with Erlang. Is most of the Erlang/telecom stuff closed source? Are there any open source telecom projects written Erlang? UPDATE: sipwiz's comment makes me think in terms of a question larger than "uses of Erlang". How can I leverage a high-level understanding of telecom networks and the telecom regulatory environment with programming. I hope this hasn't veered too off-topic for SO.

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  • Best practices for TDD BDD with code that uses external services / api

    - by adam
    I'm using a twitter gem which basically accesses twitter and lets me grab tweets, timeline etc. Its really good but I have a lot of my code that uses the stuff it returns and I need to test it. The things the gem returns aren't exactly simple strings, there pretty complex objects (scary as well) so im left scratching my head. So basically I'm looking for an answer, book, blog, open-source project that can show me the rights and wrongs of testing around external services. answers that are either not language centric or ruby/rails centric would most greatly be appreciated.

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  • how to create an iphone Application that uses its GPS system

    - by vicky-saini
    Hi I am fairly new to iphone development. Right now, I am working on an iphone game that is being developed in cocos2d. But I want to create an iphone application that uses its GPS system. I searched a lot on net but didn't find much. I want to know about: What framework tou use like cocoa touch or cocos2d,etc? Any linksk that could help me regarding this? Any other relevant and helpful information? Thanks

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  • How to create a VS2010 extension that uses Language Services

    - by Hades32
    Creating extensions got much easier with Vs2010, but this seems not to be the case for everything... My aim: I wnat to make method calls and property uses of STATIC classes ITALIC. (Just like Eclipse and Java) I think I need to talk to the C# Language Service for this information, but searching for "Language Service" just yields results on how to CREATE one, not how to use one of the existing ones... To get this question a little more general: How do I get information about properties of the code (static/visibility etc) for using it in a VSX?

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  • Packaging an application that uses the ImageMagick C API

    - by John Gardeniers
    I've created a little Windows app that uses the ImageMagick C API but have run into a bit of a brick wall. The app works fine and I'm ready to share it with a few others in our organisation but I can't find documentation on distributing such an app without installing ImageMagick on the target machine. Does anyone here have information, or a link to information, that details how to package this up for distribution? What DLLs are required and which one(s) need to registered with Windows? The target users will be on a mix of XP and Win7.

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  • Uses for static generic classes?

    - by Hightechrider
    What are the key uses of a Static Generic Class in C#? When should they be used? What examples best illustrate their usage? e.g. public static class Example<T> { public static ... } Since you can't define extension methods in them they appear to be somewhat limited in their utility. Web references on the topic are scarce so clearly there aren't a lot of people using them. Here's a couple:- http://ayende.com/Blog/archive/2005/10/05/StaticGenericClass.aspx http://stackoverflow.com/questions/686630/static-generic-class-as-dictionary

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  • Beginner SQL section: avoiding repeated expression

    - by polygenelubricants
    I'm entirely new at SQL, but let's say that on the StackExchange Data Explorer, I just want to list the top 15 users by reputation, and I wrote something like this: SELECT TOP 15 DisplayName, Id, Reputation, Reputation/1000 As RepInK FROM Users WHERE RepInK > 10 ORDER BY Reputation DESC Currently this gives an Error: Invalid column name 'RepInK', which makes sense, I think, because RepInK is not a column in Users. I can easily fix this by saying WHERE Reputation/1000 > 10, essentially repeating the formula. So the questions are: Can I actually use the RepInK "column" in the WHERE clause? Do I perhaps need to create a virtual table/view with this column, and then do a SELECT/WHERE query on it? Can I name an expression, e.g. Reputation/1000, so I only have to repeat the names in a few places instead of the formula? What do you call this? A substitution macro? A function? A stored procedure? Is there an SQL quicksheet, glossary of terms, language specification, anything I can use to quickly pick up the syntax and semantics of the language? I understand that there are different "flavors"?

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  • What are good uses for Python3's "Function Annotations"

    - by agscala
    Function Annotations: PEP-3107 I ran across a snippet of code demonstrating Python3's function annotations. The concept is simple but I can't think of why these were implemented in Python3 or any good uses for them. Perhaps SO can enlighten me? How it works: def foo(a: 'x', b: 5 + 6, c: list) -> max(2, 9): ... function body ... Everything following the colon after an argument is an 'annotation', and the information following the -> is an annotation for the function's return value. foo.func_annotations would return a dictionary: {'a': 'x', 'b': 11, 'c': list, 'return': 9} What's the significance of having this available?

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  • How should I get Xcode to link an iOS project that uses a C++ static library

    - by user1681572
    Using Xcode, I've written a Cocoa Touch static library, mainly in C++. It exposes a C interface for the benefit of Objective-C client code. I have a client iOS app that uses it, and everything works and runs as expected, except that I found I needed to include a minimal .cpp file in the client project to get the link to succeed. Otherwise I get C++-related unresolved symbols, e.g. operator new(unsigned long). The above hack is easy and effective, and so I guess I'm not breaking any laws, but is there a proper way to eliminate my linker errors?

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  • How to test that action uses argument?

    - by Caster Troy
    I am supposed to be using test-driven development but in this particular case, as I am having trouble, I implemented the action method first. It looks like this: public ViewResult Index(int pageNumber = 1) { var posts = repository.All(); var model = new PagedList<Post>(posts, pageNumber, PageSize); return View(model); } Both the repository and the PagedList<> have been tested already. Now I want to verify that when the action is given a page number that the page number is actually considered. private Mock<IPostsRepository> repository; private HomeController controller; [Test] public void Index_Doohickey() { var actual = controller.Index(2); // .. How do I test that the controller actually uses the page number here? }

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  • who uses a TCP port?

    - by dijxtra
    One of gen_servers in my app call gen_tcp:listen(Port, [{active, true}]). First time I run unit test, it returns {ok, Socket}, but second time I run the same unit test, it returns an {error, eaddrinuse}, but lsof -i TCP returns nothing. Also, when the same unit_test is run twice on another machine (WinXP), it works as expected (that is, returns {ok, Socket} both times). Therefore, my gen_server obviously releases the port, but Erlang somehow doesn't know that. So, how can I figure out who does Erlang think uses this address?

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  • SQL SERVER – Puzzle to Win Print Book – Functions FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE with OVER clause and ORDER BY

    - by pinaldave
    Some time an interesting feature and smart audience makes total difference at places. From last two days, I have been writing on SQL Server 2012 feature FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE. Please read following post before I continue today as this question is based on the same. Introduction to FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE Introduction to FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE with OVER clause As a comment of the second post I received excellent question from Nilesh Molankar. He asks what will happen if we change few things in the T-SQL. I really like this question as this kind of questions will make us sharp and help us perform in critical situation in need. We recently publish SQL Server Interview Questions book. I promise that in future version of this book, we will for sure include this question. Instead of repeating his question, I am going to ask something very similar to his question. Let us first run following query (read yesterday’s blog post for more detail): USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty, FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue, LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty GO Here is the resultset of the above query. Now let us change the ORDER BY clause of OVER clause in above query and see what is the new result. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty, FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue, LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty GO Now let us see the result and ready for interesting question: Puzzle You can see that row number 2, 3, 4, and 5 has same SalesOrderID = 43667. The FIRST_VALUE is 78 and LAST_VALUE is 77. Now if these function was working on maximum and minimum value they should have given answer as 77 and 80 respectively instead of 78 and 77. Also the value of FIRST_VALUE is greater than LAST_VALUE 77. Why? Explain in detail. Hint Let me give you a simple hint. Just for simplicity I have changed the order of columns selected in the SELECT and ORDER BY (at the end). This will not change resultset but just order of the columns as well order of the rows. However, the data remains the same. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT s.OrderQty,s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID, FIRST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FstValue, LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY OrderQty ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LstValue FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY s.OrderQty,s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID GO Above query returns following result: Now I am very sure all of you have figured out the solution. Here is the second hint – pay attention to row 2, 3, 4, and 10. Hint2 T-SQL Enhancements: FIRST_VALUE() and LAST_VALUE() MSDN: FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE Rules Leave a comment with your detailed answer by Nov 15′s blog post. Open world-wide (where Amazon ships books) If you blog about puzzle’s solution and if you win, you win additional surprise gift as well. Prizes Print copy of my new book SQL Server Interview Questions Amazon|Flipkart If you already have this book, you can opt for any of my other books SQL Wait Stats [Amazon|Flipkart|Kindle] and SQL Programming [Amazon|Flipkart|Kindle]. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Localize WiX installer which uses the Firewall extension

    - by tronda
    I've got a WiX installer project which uses MSBuild to generate the MSI file. The WXS file includes the WiX firewall extension: xmlns:fire="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/FirewallExtension" I've defined two cultures in the MSBuild file with the following definition: <PropertyGroup> ... <Cultures>en-us;no-no</Cultures> </PropertyGroup> I've also added the translated resources: <ItemGroup> <EmbeddedResource Include="lang\Firewall_no-no.wxl" /> <EmbeddedResource Include="lang\WixUI_no-no.wxl" /> </ItemGroup> These represents translation to Norwegian for the Firewall extension and the WixUI extension. When I run the build it succeeds with the en-us part, but the no-no part fails with the following error messages: C:\delivery\Dev\wix30_public\src\ext\FirewallExtension\wixlib\FirewallExtension.wxs(19): error LGHT0102: The localization variable !(loc.WixSchedFirewallExceptionsInstall) is unknown. Please ensure the variable is defined. .... Couple of issues: I don't know where the C:\delivery directory comes from. I don't have such a directory. The localization variables referenced in the error message have been translated in the Firewall_no-no.wxl file. When I run MSBuild with more detailed information I see the following output right before the error message: Task "Light" Command: C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Installer XML v3\bin\Light.exe -cultures:no-no -ext "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Installer XML v3\bin\WixUIExtension.dll" -ext "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows I nstaller XML v3\bin\WixUtilExtension.dll" -ext "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Installer XML v3\bin\WixFirewallExtension.dll" -loc lang\Firewall_no-no.wxl -loc lang\WixUI_no-no.wxl -out F:\Projects\MyProd\MyProj\Installer\bin\Debug\no-no\MyInstaller.msi -pdbout F:\Projects\MyProd\MyProj\Installer\bin\Debug\no-no\MyInstaller.wixpdb obj\Debug\MyProj.wixobj As the details show, the MSBuild task results in having two -loc parameters to the Light executable. Not sure if that would be the reason for this problem. Any ideas on how to solve this?

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  • C# Can I return HttpWebResponse result to iframe - Uses Digest authentication

    - by chadsxe
    I am trying to figure out a way to display a cross-domain web page that uses Digest Authentication. My initial thought was to make a web request and return the entire page source. I currently have no issues with authenticating and getting a response but I am not sure how to properly return the needed data. // Create a request for the URL. WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create("http://some-url/cgi/image.php?type=live"); // Set the credentials. request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(username, password); // Get the response. HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); // Get the stream containing content returned by the server. Stream dataStream = response.GetResponseStream(); // Open the stream using a StreamReader for easy access. StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(dataStream); // Read the content. string responseFromServer = reader.ReadToEnd(); // Clean up the streams and the response. reader.Close(); dataStream.Close(); response.Close(); return responseFromServer; My problems are currently... responseFromServer is not returning the entire source of the page. I.E. missing body and head tags The data is encoded improperly in responseFromServer. I believe this has something to do with the transfer encoding being of the type chunked. Further more... I am not entirely sure if this is even possible. If it matters, this is being done in ASP.NET MVC 4 C#. Thanks, Chad

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  • Mocking an object that uses jni using EasyMock

    - by Visage
    So my class under test has code that looks braodly like this public void doSomething(int param) { Report report = new Report() ...do some calculations report.someMethod(someData) } my intention was to extract the construction of report into a protected method and override it to use a mock object that I could then test to ensure that someMethod had been called with the right data. So far so good. But Report isnt under my control, and to mkae things worse it uses JNI to load a library at runtime. If I do Report report = EasyMock.createMock(Report.class) then EasyMock attempts to use reflection to find out the class members, but this causes an attempt to load the JNI library, which fails (the JNI libraries are only available on UNIX). Im considering two things: a) Introduce a ReportWrapper interface with two implementations, one of which will delegate calls to an real Report (so basically a Proxy), and a second which will basically use a mock object. or b) instead of calling someMethod, call a protected method which will in turn call someMethod that I can override in a testing subclass. Either way it seems nasty. Any better ways?

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  • Matplotlib PDF export uses wrong font

    - by Konrad Rudolph
    I want to generate high-quality diagrams for a presentation. I’m using Python’s matplotlib to generate the graphics. Unfortunately, the PDF export seems to ignore my font settings. I tried setting the font both by passing a FontProperties object to the text drawing functions and by setting the option globally. For the record, here is a MWE to reproduce the problem: import scipy import matplotlib matplotlib.use('cairo') import matplotlib.pylab as pylab import matplotlib.font_manager as fm data = scipy.arange(5) for font in ['Helvetica', 'Gill Sans']: fig = pylab.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(111) ax.bar(data, data) ax.set_xticks(data) ax.set_xticklabels(data, fontproperties = fm.FontProperties(family = font)) pylab.savefig('foo-%s.pdf' % font) In both cases, the produced output is identical and uses Helvetica (and yes, I do have both fonts installed). Just to be sure, the following doesn’t help either: matplotlib.rc('font', family = 'Gill Sans') Finally, if I replace the backend, instead using the native viewer: matplotlib.use('MacOSX') I do get the correct font displayed – but only in the viewer GUI. The PDF output is once again wrong. To be sure – I can set other fonts – but only other classes of font families: I can set serif fonts or fantasy or monospace. But all sans-serif fonts seem to default to Helvetica.

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  • Legitimate uses of the Function constructor

    - by Marcel Korpel
    As repeatedly said, it is considered bad practice to use the Function constructor (also see the ECMAScript Language Specification, 5th edition, § 15.3.2.1): new Function ([arg1[, arg2[, … argN]],] functionBody) (where all arguments are strings containing argument names and the last (or only) string contains the function body). To recapitulate, it is said to be slow, as explained by the Opera team: Each time […] the Function constructor is called on a string representing source code, the script engine must start the machinery that converts the source code to executable code. This is usually expensive for performance – easily a hundred times more expensive than a simple function call, for example. (Mark ‘Tarquin’ Wilton-Jones) Though it's not that bad, according to this post on MDC (I didn't test this myself using the current version of Firefox, though). Crockford adds that [t]he quoting conventions of the language make it very difficult to correctly express a function body as a string. In the string form, early error checking cannot be done. […] And it is wasteful of memory because each function requires its own independent implementation. Another difference is that a function defined by a Function constructor does not inherit any scope other than the global scope (which all functions inherit). (MDC) Apart from this, you have to be attentive to avoid injection of malicious code, when you create a new Function using dynamic contents. Lots of disadvantages and it is intelligible that ECMAScript 5 discourages the use of the Function constructor by throwing an exception when using it in strict mode (§ 13.1). That said, T.J. Crowder says in an answer that [t]here's almost never any need for the similar […] new Function(...), either, again except for some advanced edge cases. So, now I am wondering: what are these “advanced edge cases”? Are there legitimate uses of the Function constructor?

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  • Putting a C++ Vector as a Member in a Class that Uses a Memory Pool

    - by Deep-B
    Hey, I've been writing a multi-threaded DLL for database access using ADO/ODBC for use with a legacy application. I need to keep multiple database connections for each thread, so I've put the ADO objects for each connection in an object and thinking of keeping an array of them inside a custom threadInfo object. Obviously a vector would serve better here - I need to delete/rearrange objects on the go and a vector would simplify that. Problem is, I'm allocating a heap for each thread to avoid heap contention and stuff and allocating all my memory from there. So my question is: how do I make the vector allocate from the thread-specific heap? (Or would it know internally to allocate memory from the same heap as its wrapper class - sounds unlikely, but I'm not a C++ guy) I've googled a bit and it looks like I might need to write an allocator or something - which looks like so much of work I don't want. Is there any other way? I've heard vector uses placement-new for all its stuff inside, so can overloading operator new be worked into it? My scant knowledge of the insides of C++ doesn't help, seeing as I'm mainly a C programmer (even that - relatively). It's very possible I'm missing something elementary somewhere. If nothing easier comes up - I might just go and do the array thing, but hopefully it won't come to that. I'm using MS-VC++ 6.0 (hey, it's rude to laugh! :-P ). Any/all help will be much appreciated.

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  • Architecture for data layer that uses both localStorage and a REST remote server

    - by Zack
    Anybody has any ideas or references on how to implement a data persistence layer that uses both a localStorage and a REST remote storage: The data of a certain client is stored with localStorage (using an ember-data indexedDB adapter). The locally stored data is synced with the remote server (using ember-data RESTadapter). The server gathers all data from clients. Using mathematical sets notation: Server = Client1 ? Client2 ? ... ? ClientN where, in general, a record may not be unique to a certain client. Here are some scenarios: A client creates a record. The id of the record can not set on the client, since it may conflict with a record stored on the server. Therefore a newly created record needs to be committed to the server - receive the id - create the record in localStorage. A record is updated on the server, and as a consequence the data in localStorage and in the server go out of sync. Only the server knows that, so the architecture needs to implement a push architecture (?) Would you use 2 stores (one for localStorage, one for REST) and sync between them, or use a hybrid indexedDB/REST adapter and write the sync code within the adapter? Can you see any way to avoid implementing push (Web Sockets, ...)?

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  • PHP: Post ASPX form that uses 'WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions' with cUrl

    - by Oliver Cooper
    I am trying to post an ASPX form which uses SharePoint with PHP. Posting data works with standard forms, I just can't seem to get this form working. I did notice an onclick attribute on the submit button: onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$btnSaveTask", "", true, "", "", false, false))" I have never used ASPX and have no idea what this is. It is not an authentication problem or something wrong with the url as it returns the webpage (which contains the form) fine. Here is my PHP code: function add($username, $password){ $data = array( 'ctl00$PlaceHolderSearchArea$ctl01$ctl00' => 'https://keystone.stpeters.sa.edu.au', 'ctl00$PlaceHolderSearchArea$ctl01$ctl04' => '0', 'ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$DateStart$DateStartDate' => '9/05/2012', 'ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$DateDue$DateDueDate' => '10/05/2012', 'ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$Title' => 'test again', 'ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$btnSaveTask' => 'OK', '__spText1' => '', '__spText2' => '' ); $curl_handle = curl_init(); $fullurl = "https://keystone.stpeters.sa.edu.au/_layouts/StPeters.Keystone/MyTasks/MyTaskDetail.aspx?id=0&IsDlg=1"; // $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 0); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "$username:$password"); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $fullurl); $returned = curl_exec($ch); curl_close ($ch); return $returned; }

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  • Keeping sync in multiplayer RTS game that uses floating point arithmetic

    - by Calmarius
    I'm writing a 2D space RTS game in C#. Single player works. Now I want to add some multiplayer functionality. I googled for it and it seems there is only one way to have thousands of units continuously moving without a powerful net connection: send only the commands through the network while running the same simulation at every player. And now there is a problem the entire engine uses doubles everywhere. And floating point calculations are depends heavily on compiler optimalizations and cpu architecture so it is very hard to keep things syncronized. And it is not grid based at all, and have a simple phisics engine to move the space-ships (space ships have impulse and angular-momentum...). So recoding the entire stuff to use fixed point would be quite cumbersome (but probably the only solution). So I have 2 options so far: Say bye to the current code and restart from scratch using integers Make the game LAN only where there is enough bandwidth to have 8 players with thousands of units and sending the positions and orientation etc in (almost) every frame... So I looking for better opinions, (or even tips on migrating the code to fixed-point without messing everything up...)

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  • What Can A 'TreeDict' (Or Treemap) Be Used For In Practice?

    - by Seun Osewa
    I'm developing a 'TreeDict' class in Python. This is a basically a dict that allows you to retrieve its key-value pairs in sorted order, just like the Treemap collection class in Java. I've implemented some functionality based on the way unique indexes in relational databases can be used, e.g. functions to let you retrieve values corresponding to a range of keys, keys greater than, less than or equal to a particular value in sorted order, strings or tuples that have a specific prefix in sorted order, etc. Unfortunately, I can't think of any real life problem that will require a class like this. I suspect that the reason we don't have sorted dicts in Python is that in practice they aren't required often enough to be worth it, but I want to be proved wrong. Can you think of any specific applications of a 'TreeDict'? Any real life problem that would be best solved by this data structure? I just want to know for sure whether this is worth it.

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  • Overriding the save() method of a model that uses django-mptt

    - by saturdayplace
    I've been using django-mptt in my project for a while now, it's fabulous. Recently, I've found a need to override a model's save() method that uses mptt, and I'm getting an error when I try to save a new instance of that model: Exception Type: ValueError at /admin/scrivener/page/add/ Exception Value: Cannot use None as a query value I'm assuming that this is a result of the fact that the instance hasn't been stuck into a tree yet, but I'm not sure how to go about fixing this. I added a comment about it onto a similar issue on the project's tracker, but I was hoping that someone here might be able to put me on the right track faster. Here's the traceback. Environment: Request Method: POST Request URL: http://localhost:8000/admin/scrivener/page/add/ Django Version: 1.2 rc 1 SVN-13117 Python Version: 2.6.4 Installed Applications: ['django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.sites', 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.sitemaps', 'mptt', 'filebrowser', 'south', 'haystack', 'django_static', 'etc', 'scrivener', 'gregor', 'annunciator'] Installed Middleware: ('django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware') Traceback: File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\core\handlers\base.py" in get_response 100. response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\contrib\admin\options.py" in wrapper 239. return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\utils\decorators.py" in _wrapped_view 74. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\views\decorators\cache.py" in _wrapped_view_func 69. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\contrib\admin\sites.py" in inner 190. return view(request, *args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\utils\decorators.py" in _wrapper 21. return decorator(bound_func)(*args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\utils\decorators.py" in _wrapped_view 74. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\utils\decorators.py" in bound_func 17. return func(self, *args2, **kwargs2) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\transaction.py" in _commit_on_success 299. res = func(*args, **kw) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\contrib\admin\options.py" in add_view 795. self.save_model(request, new_object, form, change=False) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\contrib\admin\options.py" in save_model 597. obj.save() File "B:\django-apps\scrivener\models.py" in save 205. self.url = self.get_absolute_url() File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\utils\functional.py" in _curried 55. return _curried_func(*(args+moreargs), **dict(kwargs, **morekwargs)) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\models\base.py" in get_absolute_url 940. return settings.ABSOLUTE_URL_OVERRIDES.get('%s.%s' % (opts.app_label, opts.module_name), func)(self, *args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\models\__init__.py" in inner 31. bits = func(*args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\scrivener\models.py" in get_absolute_url 194. for ancestor in self.get_ancestors(): File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\mptt\models.py" in get_ancestors 23. opts.tree_id_attr: getattr(self, opts.tree_id_attr), File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\models\manager.py" in filter 141. return self.get_query_set().filter(*args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\models\query.py" in filter 550. return self._filter_or_exclude(False, *args, **kwargs) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\models\query.py" in _filter_or_exclude 568. clone.query.add_q(Q(*args, **kwargs)) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\models\sql\query.py" in add_q 1131. can_reuse=used_aliases) File "B:\django-apps\3rd Party Source\django\db\models\sql\query.py" in add_filter 1000. raise ValueError("Cannot use None as a query value") Exception Type: ValueError at /admin/scrivener/page/add/ Exception Value: Cannot use None as a query value

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  • Commit in SQL

    - by PRajkumar
    SQL Transaction Control Language Commands (TCL)                                           (COMMIT) Commit Transaction As a SQL language we use transaction control language very frequently. Committing a transaction means making permanent the changes performed by the SQL statements within the transaction. A transaction is a sequence of SQL statements that Oracle Database treats as a single unit. This statement also erases all save points in the transaction and releases transaction locks. Oracle Database issues an implicit COMMIT before and after any data definition language (DDL) statement. Oracle recommends that you explicitly end every transaction in your application programs with a COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement, including the last transaction, before disconnecting from Oracle Database. If you do not explicitly commit the transaction and the program terminates abnormally, then the last uncommitted transaction is automatically rolled back.   Until you commit a transaction: ·         You can see any changes you have made during the transaction by querying the modified tables, but other users cannot see the changes. After you commit the transaction, the changes are visible to other users' statements that execute after the commit ·         You can roll back (undo) any changes made during the transaction with the ROLLBACK statement   Note: Most of the people think that when we type commit data or changes of what you have made has been written to data files, but this is wrong when you type commit it means that you are saying that your job has been completed and respective verification will be done by oracle engine that means it checks whether your transaction achieved consistency when it finds ok it sends a commit message to the user from log buffer but not from data buffer, so after writing data in log buffer it insists data buffer to write data in to data files, this is how it works.   Before a transaction that modifies data is committed, the following has occurred: ·         Oracle has generated undo information. The undo information contains the old data values changed by the SQL statements of the transaction ·         Oracle has generated redo log entries in the redo log buffer of the System Global Area (SGA). The redo log record contains the change to the data block and the change to the rollback block. These changes may go to disk before a transaction is committed ·         The changes have been made to the database buffers of the SGA. These changes may go to disk before a transaction is committed   Note:   The data changes for a committed transaction, stored in the database buffers of the SGA, are not necessarily written immediately to the data files by the database writer (DBWn) background process. This writing takes place when it is most efficient for the database to do so. It can happen before the transaction commits or, alternatively, it can happen some times after the transaction commits.   When a transaction is committed, the following occurs: 1.      The internal transaction table for the associated undo table space records that the transaction has committed, and the corresponding unique system change number (SCN) of the transaction is assigned and recorded in the table 2.      The log writer process (LGWR) writes redo log entries in the SGA's redo log buffers to the redo log file. It also writes the transaction's SCN to the redo log file. This atomic event constitutes the commit of the transaction 3.      Oracle releases locks held on rows and tables 4.      Oracle marks the transaction complete   Note:   The default behavior is for LGWR to write redo to the online redo log files synchronously and for transactions to wait for the redo to go to disk before returning a commit to the user. However, for lower transaction commit latency application developers can specify that redo be written asynchronously and that transaction do not need to wait for the redo to be on disk.   The syntax of Commit Statement is   COMMIT [WORK] [COMMENT ‘your comment’]; ·         WORK is optional. The WORK keyword is supported for compliance with standard SQL. The statements COMMIT and COMMIT WORK are equivalent. Examples Committing an Insert INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (val1, val2); COMMIT WORK; ·         COMMENT Comment is also optional. This clause is supported for backward compatibility. Oracle recommends that you used named transactions instead of commit comments. Specify a comment to be associated with the current transaction. The 'text' is a quoted literal of up to 255 bytes that Oracle Database stores in the data dictionary view DBA_2PC_PENDING along with the transaction ID if a distributed transaction becomes in doubt. This comment can help you diagnose the failure of a distributed transaction. Examples The following statement commits the current transaction and associates a comment with it: COMMIT     COMMENT 'In-doubt transaction Code 36, Call (415) 555-2637'; ·         WRITE Clause Use this clause to specify the priority with which the redo information generated by the commit operation is written to the redo log. This clause can improve performance by reducing latency, thus eliminating the wait for an I/O to the redo log. Use this clause to improve response time in environments with stringent response time requirements where the following conditions apply: The volume of update transactions is large, requiring that the redo log be written to disk frequently. The application can tolerate the loss of an asynchronously committed transaction. The latency contributed by waiting for the redo log write to occur contributes significantly to overall response time. You can specify the WAIT | NOWAIT and IMMEDIATE | BATCH clauses in any order. Examples To commit the same insert operation and instruct the database to buffer the change to the redo log, without initiating disk I/O, use the following COMMIT statement: COMMIT WRITE BATCH; Note: If you omit this clause, then the behavior of the commit operation is controlled by the COMMIT_WRITE initialization parameter, if it has been set. The default value of the parameter is the same as the default for this clause. Therefore, if the parameter has not been set and you omit this clause, then commit records are written to disk before control is returned to the user. WAIT | NOWAIT Use these clauses to specify when control returns to the user. The WAIT parameter ensures that the commit will return only after the corresponding redo is persistent in the online redo log. Whether in BATCH or IMMEDIATE mode, when the client receives a successful return from this COMMIT statement, the transaction has been committed to durable media. A crash occurring after a successful write to the log can prevent the success message from returning to the client. In this case the client cannot tell whether or not the transaction committed. The NOWAIT parameter causes the commit to return to the client whether or not the write to the redo log has completed. This behavior can increase transaction throughput. With the WAIT parameter, if the commit message is received, then you can be sure that no data has been lost. Caution: With NOWAIT, a crash occurring after the commit message is received, but before the redo log record(s) are written, can falsely indicate to a transaction that its changes are persistent. If you omit this clause, then the transaction commits with the WAIT behavior. IMMEDIATE | BATCH Use these clauses to specify when the redo is written to the log. The IMMEDIATE parameter causes the log writer process (LGWR) to write the transaction's redo information to the log. This operation option forces a disk I/O, so it can reduce transaction throughput. The BATCH parameter causes the redo to be buffered to the redo log, along with other concurrently executing transactions. When sufficient redo information is collected, a disk write of the redo log is initiated. This behavior is called "group commit", as redo for multiple transactions is written to the log in a single I/O operation. If you omit this clause, then the transaction commits with the IMMEDIATE behavior. ·         FORCE Clause Use this clause to manually commit an in-doubt distributed transaction or a corrupt transaction. ·         In a distributed database system, the FORCE string [, integer] clause lets you manually commit an in-doubt distributed transaction. The transaction is identified by the 'string' containing its local or global transaction ID. To find the IDs of such transactions, query the data dictionary view DBA_2PC_PENDING. You can use integer to specifically assign the transaction a system change number (SCN). If you omit integer, then the transaction is committed using the current SCN. ·         The FORCE CORRUPT_XID 'string' clause lets you manually commit a single corrupt transaction, where string is the ID of the corrupt transaction. Query the V$CORRUPT_XID_LIST data dictionary view to find the transaction IDs of corrupt transactions. You must have DBA privileges to view the V$CORRUPT_XID_LIST and to specify this clause. ·         Specify FORCE CORRUPT_XID_ALL to manually commit all corrupt transactions. You must have DBA privileges to specify this clause. Examples Forcing an in doubt transaction. Example The following statement manually commits a hypothetical in-doubt distributed transaction. Query the V$CORRUPT_XID_LIST data dictionary view to find the transaction IDs of corrupt transactions. You must have DBA privileges to view the V$CORRUPT_XID_LIST and to issue this statement. COMMIT FORCE '22.57.53';

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