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• SSH ForceCommand example - require a user to enter a token before getting shell access?

  - by consolibyte

  I'd like to prompt a user for some piece of information before they get to their BASH shell when they're logging in via SSH. Ideally, I'd like to execute a script which prompts them for information, check that the information is correct, and then if it is drop them to a shell. So, think: ssh [email protected] password: xxxx do you agree to the terms and conditions of use? enter yes or no: yes OK, here's your shell: # Can anyone provide an example of how to do something like this?

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• Is it possible to use rsync over sftp (without an ssh shell)?

  - by Tom Feiner

  Rsync over ssh, works great every time. However, trying to rsync to a host which allows only sftp logins, but not ssh logins, provides the following error: rsync -av /source ssh user@remotehost:/target/ protocol version mismatch -- is your shell clean? (see the rsync man page for an explanation) rsync error: protocol incompatibility (code 2) at compat.c(171) [sender=3.0.6] Here's the relevant section from the rsync man page: This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell facility producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using for its transport. The way to diagnose this problem is to run your remote shell like this: ssh remotehost /bin/true > out.dat then look at out.dat. If everything is working correctly then out.dat should be a zero length file. If you are getting the above error from rsync then you will probably find that out.dat contains some text or data. Look at the contents and try to work out what is producing it. The most com- mon cause is incorrectly configured shell startup scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that contain output statements for non-interactive logins. Trying this on my system produced the following in out.dat: ssh-dummy-shell: Command not allowed. As I thought, the host is not allowing ssh logins. The following link shows that it is possible to accomplish this task using fuse with sshfs - however it is extremely slow, and not fit for production use. Is there any chance of getting rsync sftp to work?

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• Is it possible to use rsync over sftp (without an ssh shell) ?

  - by Tom Feiner

  Rsync over ssh, works great every time. However, trying to rsync to a host which allows only sftp logins, but not ssh logins, provides the following error: rsync -av /source ssh user@remotehost:/target/ protocol version mismatch -- is your shell clean? (see the rsync man page for an explanation) rsync error: protocol incompatibility (code 2) at compat.c(171) [sender=3.0.6] Here's the relevant section from the rsync man page: This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell facility producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using for its transport. The way to diagnose this problem is to run your remote shell like this: ssh remotehost /bin/true > out.dat then look at out.dat. If everything is working correctly then out.dat should be a zero length file. If you are getting the above error from rsync then you will probably find that out.dat contains some text or data. Look at the contents and try to work out what is producing it. The most com- mon cause is incorrectly configured shell startup scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that contain output statements for non-interactive logins. Trying this on my system produced the following in out.dat: ssh-dummy-shell: Command not allowed. As I thought, the host is not allowing ssh logins. The following link shows that it is possible to accomplish this task using fuse with sshfs - however it is extremely slow, and not fit for production use. Is there any chance of getting rsync sftp to work?

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• How to create a WHM/cPanel account, without creating a new sub-domain?

  - by Cyclops

  I have a basic VPS (full root access), with WHM/cPanel, and am learning the ropes. I'm trying to create a new account for an existing domain (mysite.com), and so far WHM won't let me - it either wants a sub-domain or fake domain, but won't allow two accounts for one domain. In the beginning, there was only the root account, and it wouldn't let me login to cPanel - a quick chat with tech support, and I am informed that I need to create a second account, which I did. So now I have an account, call it ns1me, for domain mysite.com. Now I want to create a django account. I go through the same process, but WHM won't allow me to use mysite.com as the domain for django. The docs recommend a sub-domain, so I fill the box in with django.mysite.com. I then realize that has actually created a sub-domain - going to django.mysite.com shows me its home directory, along with helpful information about what version of Apache, Python, and other mods its running (thanks, Apache). I really don't want a sub-domain, so that's out. Another chat with tech support, and they recommend a fake domain name, as it won't create anything. Sure enough, using a domain of djangomysite.com works, and WHM allows me to create a django account. But of course, I can't send email to [email protected] (where I could to [email protected]). What I want, is to be able to create a second account, associated with mysite.com (so I can run cPanel logged in as django, send email to [email protected], etc) - without creating a whole new sub-domain, or fake domain.

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• How copy with shell commands(Linux) from 1 computer have (permanent url + open port) to 2 computer (secure way)?

  - by BenBen

  How copy with shell commands(Linux) from remote(my office computer) computer (permanent url + open port) to my (home) computer home/remote_computer_user/Desktop/test1.txt to my home computer home/home_computer_user/Downloads/ ? What I am doing: 1. ssh <user>@<computer1address> -p <port> :: success to get remote computer shell () 2. (I think I should use scp , but I dont how exactly in my case) Please if you can, write the exact commands that i should to from the shell Thanks in advance

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• Redirect output to file

  - by Algorist

  Hi, I have a shell script which is currently running and was running from past 8 hours. It will complete only by tomorrow evening. At the end of the program, it will print 2 million words to standard output. I am running the program on the screen. I forgot to redirect the output to a file. I know I won't be able to copy the data from the window. Is there a way to output the command to a file. I don't want to restart the program. Any thoughts?? Thank you. Bala

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• GeoDjango: Exceptions for basic geographic queries

  - by omat

  I am having problems with geographic queries with GeoDjango running on SpatiaLite on my development environment. from django.contrib.gis.db import models class Test(models.Model): poly = models.PolygonField() point = models.PointField() geom = models.GeometryField() objects = models.GeoManager() Testing via shell: >>> from geotest.models import Test >>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry >>> >>> point = GEOSGeometry("POINT(0 0)") >>> point <Point object at 0x105743490> >>> poly = GEOSGeometry("POLYGON((0 0, 0 1, 1 1, 1 0, 0 0))") >>> poly <Polygon object at 0x105743370> >>> With these definitions, lets try some basic geographic queries. First contains: >>> Test.objects.filter(point__within=poly) Assertion failed: (0), function appendGeometryTaggedText, file WKTWriter.cpp, line 228. Abort trap And the django shell dies. And with within: >>> Test.objects.filter(poly__contains=point) GEOS_ERROR: Geometry must be a Point or LineString Traceback (most recent call last): ... GEOSException: Error encountered checking Coordinate Sequence returned from GEOS C function "GEOSGeom_getCoordSeq_r". >>> Other combinations also cause a variety of exceptions. I must be missing something obvious as these are very basic. Any ideas?

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• How prevalent is the use of Emacs' eshell in multi-platform development?

  - by pajato0

  I've only recently become aware of Emacs' eshell tool. It looks quite powerful in that it is entirely written in Emacs Lisp and does not require native subshell support. The Emacs info documentation is a bit sparse but EmacsWiki has pretty decent information, at least on a first glance. Given the potential value of eshell as a scripting tool/programmer's aid that works equally well on multiple platforms I'm wondering how prevalent the use of eshell versus the normal (bash) shell is among software developers. Would those of you who have taken the time to learn it recommend it or is it one of those many interesting ideas that did not really pan out?

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• comparing csv files

  - by Surresh2121

  I want to write a shell script to compare two .csv files. First one contains filename,path the second .csv file contains filename,paht,target. Now, I want to compare the two .csv files and output the target name where the file from the first .csv exists in the second .csv file. Ex. a.csv build.xml,/home/build/NUOP/project1 eesX.java,/home/build/adm/acl b.csv build.xml,/home/build/NUOP/project1,M1 eesX.java,/home/build/adm/acl,M2 ddexse3.htm,/home/class/adm/33eFg I want the output to be something like this. M1 and M2 Please help Thanks,

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• How do I prepare myself for a summer of working on Python using Linux environment?

  - by Shailesh Tainwala

  Hi, I have used just Windows for programming so far. Now, I have an internship starting in two weeks and I will be using just Linux environment with Python programming language. I've installed Ubuntu on my system but have no exposure to shell scripting. I need some advice on how I can quickly learn to use the Linux terminal quickly. Any books or web resources that you can suggest? Also, is there a particular IDE that is generally preferred for Python programming on Linux, or is Vim preferred? How can I best prepare myself for the internship ahead? Thanks for taking the time.

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• How netbeans installation file (bash file) contains Java code?

  - by Daziplqa

  Hi folks, I wonder, how a bash file can contain a Java code that is responsible about the installation of netbeans IDE which is as known is a Java based program? this is the case of netbeans: $ file netbeans-6.8-ml-java-linux.sh netbeans-6.8-ml-java-linux.sh: POSIX shell script text executable $ more netbeans-6.8-ml-java-linux.sh #!/bin/sh # # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER. # # Copyright 1997-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. How this can happen?

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• Pipe implementation

  - by nunos

  I am trying to implement a linux shell that supports piping. I have already done simple commands, commands running in background, redirections, but piping is still missing. I have already read about it and seen some snippets of code, but still haven't been able to sort out a working solution. What I have so far: int fd[2]; pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid == -1) return -1; if (pid == 0) { dup2(0, fd[0]); execlp("sort", "sort", NULL); } I am a novice programmer, as you can probably tell, and when I am programming something I don't know much about, this being obviously the case, I like to start with something really easy and concrete and then build from there. So, before being able to implement three and more different commands in pipeline, I would like to be able to compute "ls names.txt | sort" or something similiar, in which names.txt is a file of names alfabetically unordered. Thanks.

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• sed/awk or other: increment a number by 1 keeping spacing characters

  - by WizardOfOdds

  I've got a string: (notice the spacing) eh oh 37 and I want it to become: eh oh 36 (so I want to keep the spacing) Using awk I don't find how to do it, so far I have: echo "eh oh 37" | awk '$3>=0&&$3<=99 {$3--} {print}' But this gives: eh oh 36 (the spacing characters where lost, because the field separator is ' ') Is there a way to ask awk something like "print the output using the exact same field separators as the input had"? Then I tried with sed, but got stuck after this: echo "eh oh 37" | sed -e 's/\([0-9][0-9]\)/.../' Can I do arithmetic from sed using a reference to the matching digits and have the output not modify the number of spacing characters? Note that it's related to my question concerning Emacs and how to apply this to some (big) Emacs region (using a replace region with Emacs's shell-command-on-region) but it's not an identical question: this one is specifically about how to "keep spaces" when working with awk/sed/etc.

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• SHAddToRecentDocs without a file?

  - by Chris Becke

  I was toying with an IRC client, integrating it with the windows 7 app bar. To get a "Frequent" or "Recent" items list one has to call SHAddToRecentDocs API. I want to add recent IRC channels visited to the Windows 7 Jumplist for the IRC application. Now, my problem is, IRC channels don't exist in the file system. And SHAddToRecentDocs seems to insist on getting some sort of file system object. Ive tried to work around it by creating a IShellItem pointing to my application, and giving it a command line to launch the channel. The shell is rebelling however, and thus far has not visibly added any of my "recent document" attempts to the Jumplist. Is there no way to do this without creating some kind of entirely unwanted filesystem object?

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• How do I get the name of the newest file via the Terminal?

  - by Alec

  I'm trying to create a macro for Keyboard Maestro for OS X doing the following: Get name of newest file in a directory on my disk based on date created; Paste the text "newest file: " plus the name of the newest file. One of its options is to "Execute a shell script", so I thought that would do it for 1. After Googling around a bit I came up with this: cd /path/to/directory/ ls -t | head -n1 This sorts it right, and returns the first filename. However, it also seems to includes a line break, which I do not want. As for 2: I can output the text "newest file: " with a different action in the app, and paste the filename behind that. But I'm wondering if you can't return "random text" + the outcome of the ls command. So my question is: can I do this only using the ls command? And how do I get just the name of the latest file without any linebreaks or returns?

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• filter to reverse lines of a text file

  - by Greg Hewgill

  I'm writing a small shell script that needs to reverse the lines of a text file. Is there a standard filter command to do this sort of thing? My specific application is that I'm getting a list of Git commit identifiers, and I want to process them in reverse order: git log --pretty=oneline work...master | grep -v DEBUG: | cut -d' ' -f1 | reverse The best I've come up with is to implement reverse like this: ... | cat -b | sort -rn | cut -f2- This uses cat to number every line, then sort to sort them in descending numeric order (which ends up reversing the whole file), then cut to remove the unneeded line number. The above works for my application, but may fail in the general case because cat -b only numbers nonblank lines. Is there a better, more general way to do this?

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• Saving current directory to zsh history

  - by user130208

  I wanted to achieve the same as asked here http://stackoverflow.com/questions/945288/saving-current-directory-to-bash-history but within zsh shell. I haven't done any zsh trickry before but so far I have: function precmd { hpwd=$history[$((HISTCMD-1))] if [[ $hpwd == "cd" ]]; then cwd=$OLDPWD else cwd=$PWD fi hpwd="${hpwd% ### *} ### $cwd" echo "$hpwd" ~/.hist_log } Right now I save the command annotated with the directory name to a log file. This works fine for me. Just thought there might be a way to make replacement in the history buffer itself.

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• killall httpd for sleep process

  - by user172697

  Hello guys this shell explain the issue , after executing the .sh file halt and nothing happen , any clue where is my mistake its kill httpd if there is more than 10 sleep process and start the httpd with zero sleep process #!/bin/bash #this means loop forever while [ 1 ]; do HTTP=`ps auwxf | grep httpd | grep -v grep | wc -l`; #the above line counts the number of httpd processes found running #and the following line says if there were less then 10 found running if [ $[HTTP] -lt 10 ]; then killall -9 httpd; #inside the if now, so there are less then 10, kill them all and wait 1 second sleep 1; #start apache /etc/init.d/httpd start; fi; #all done, sleep for ten seconds before we loop again sleep 10;done

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• Compatibility of x-www-browser

  - by rohit.arondekar

  I want to open html files from a shell script. I know that Ubuntu has a command x-www-browser that will open the default browser on the system. I also found via some Googling that the command is part of the debian system. I was wondering if the command is available on non debian based distros. If it isn't is there a standard way of opening an html file in the default browser on a linux OS via command line? Note that I'm using Bash.

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• Batch convert latin-1 files to utf-8 using iconv

  - by Jasmo

  I'm having this one PHP project on my OSX which is in latin1 -encoding. Now I need to convert files to UTF8. I'm not much a shell coder and I tried something I found from internet: mkdir new for a in ls -R *; do iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 <"$a" new/"$a" ; done But that does not create the directory structure and it gives me heck load of errors when run. Can anyone come up with neat solution?

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• What would be the right way to declare an array within a script that will be called by cron?

  - by Nano Taboada

  I've written a Korn Shell script that sets an array the following way: set -A fruits Apple Orange Banana Strawberry but when I'm trying to run it from within cron, it raises the following error: Your "cron" job on myhost /myScript.sh produced the following output: myScript.sh: -A: bad option(s) I've tried many crontab syntax variants, such as: Attempt 1: 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * /path/to/script/myScript.sh Attempt 2: 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * /path/to/script/./myScript.sh Attempt 3: 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * cd /path/to/script && ./myScript.sh Any workaround would be sincerely appreciated. Thanks much in advance!

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• Python: Does one of these examples waste more memory?

  - by orokusaki

  In a Django view function which uses manual transaction committing, I have: context = RequestContext(request, data) transaction.commit() return render_to_response('basic.html', data, context) # Returns a Django ``HttpResponse`` object which is similar to a dictionary. I think it is a better idea to do this: context = RequestContext(request, data) response = render_to_response('basic.html', data, context) transaction.commit() return response If the page isn't rendered correctly in the second version, the transaction is rolled back. This seems like the logical way of doing it albeit there won't likely be many exceptions at that point in the function when the application is in production. But... I fear that this might cost more and this will be replete through a number of functions since the application is heavy with custom transaction handling, so now is the time to figure out. If the HttpResponse instance is in memory already (at the point of render_to_response()), then what does another reference cost? When the function ends, doesn't the reference (response variable) go away so that when Django is done converting the HttpResponse into a string for output Python can immediately garbage collect it? Is there any reason I would want to use the first version (other than "It's 1 less line of code.")?

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• How do I send a file as an email attachment using Linux command line?

  - by Kit Roed

  I've created a script that runs every night on my Linux server that uses mysqldump to back up each of my MySQL databases to .sql files and packages them together as a compressed .tar file. The next step I want to accomplish is to send that tar file through email to a remote email server for safekeeping. I've been able to send the raw script in the body an email by piping the backup text file to mailx like so: $ cat mysqldbbackup.sql | mailx [email protected] cat echoes the backup file's text which is piped into the mailx program with the recipient's email address passed as an argument. While this accomplishes what I need, I think it could be one step better, Is there any way, using shell scripts or otherwise, to send the compressed .tar file to an outgoing email message as an attachment? This would beat having to deal with very long email messages which contain header data and often have word-wrapping issues etc.

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• How to write applications that modifies the Windows UI?

  - by StevenGilligan

  Hi, I have this programming question that's been bothering me for some time now. I'm wondering how is it possible to write applications that change the Windows UI? More precisely how could you write an application that modifies the Windows Taskbar or the Windows Desktop? I'm really interested in this topic but cannot find a lot of information. I've read about extending the Windows Shell but I can't seem to find anything related to modifying the Taskbar and the Desktop. I'm looking for something along the lines of Rainmeter. How did those guys create an application that lives inside the Windows Desktop? I'd like to point out that my prefered language for this would be C# but if you want to give me hints in other languages I'm fine with it and I am running on Windows 7. Thank you

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• Using IAM for user authentication

  - by mdavis6890

  I've read lots and lots of posts that touch on what I think should be a very common use case - but without finding exactly what I want, or a simple reason why it can't be done. I have some files on S3. I want to be able to grant certain users access to certain files, via a front end that I build. So far, I've made it work this way: I built the front end in Django, using it's built-in Users and Groups I have a model for Buckets, in which I mirror my S3 buckets. I have a m2m relationship from groups to buckets representing the S3 permissions. The user logs in and authenticates against Django's users. I grab from Django the list of buckets that the user is allowed to see I use boto to grab a list of links to files from those buckets and display to user. This works, but isn't ideal, and also just doesn't feel right. I've got to keep a mirror of the buckets, and I also have to maintain my own list of user/passwords and permissions, when AWS already has all that built in. What I really want is to simply create the users in IAM and use group permissions in IAM to control access to the S3 buckets. No duplication of data or function. My app would request a UN/PW from the user and use that to connect to IAM/S3 to pull the list of buckets and files, then display links to the user. Simple. How can I, or why can't I? Am I looking at this the wrong way? What's the "right" way to address this (I assume) very common use case?

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