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• virtualenv does not copy standard modules like shutil and urllib2

  - by Barthelemy

  When I create a new virtualenv, virtualenv .virtualenvs/my_env, there is only a subset of the standard python modules copied/linked to the new virtualenv. For example, when I do ls -l in .virtualenvs/my_env/lib/python2.6, I see: ... ... os.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/os.py ... os.pyc -> /usr/lib/python2.6/os.pyc but modules like shutil and urllib2 are not copied even if they are in /usr/lib/python2.6/shutil.py. I am using Ubuntu 9.10. Is this the expected behavior? How can I install modules such as shutil in a virtualenv (I could not find these modules on pypi)?

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• Tell LINQ Distinct which item to return

  - by Jon

  I understand how to do a Distinct() on a IEnumerable and that I have to create an IEqualityComparer for more advanced stuff however is there a way in which you can tell which duplicated item to return? For example say you have a List<T> List<MyClass> test = new List<MyClass>(); test.Add(new MyClass {ID = 1, InnerID = 4}); test.Add(new MyClass {ID = 2, InnerID = 4}); test.Add(new MyClass {ID = 3, InnerID = 14}); test.Add(new MyClass {ID = 4, InnerID = 14}); You then do: var distinctItems = test.Distinct(new DistinctItemComparer()); class DistinctItemComparer : IEqualityComparer<MyClass> { public bool Equals(MyClass x, MyClass y) { return x.InnerID == y.InnerID;; } public int GetHashCode(MyClassobj) { return obj.InnerID.GetHasCode(); } } This code will return the classes with ID 1 and 3. Is there a way to return the ID matches 2 & 4.

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• Importing a function/class from a Python module of the same name

  - by Brendan

  I have a Python package mymodule with a sub-package utils (i.e. a subdirectory which contains modules each with a function). The functions have the same name as the file/module in which they live. I would like to be able to access the functions as follows, from mymodule.utils import a_function Strangely however, sometimes I can import functions using the above notation, however other times I cannot. I have not been able to work out why though (recently, for example, I renamed a function and the file it was in and reflected this rename in the utils.__init__.py file but it no longer imported as a functions (rather as a module) in one of my scripts. The utils.__init__.py reads something like, __all__ = ['a_function', 'b_function' ...] from a_function import a_function from b_function import b_function ... mymodule.__init__.py has no reference to utils Ideas?

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• Creating a spider using Scrapy, Spider generation error.

  - by Nacari

  I just downloaded Scrapy (web crawler) on Windows 32 and have just created a new project folder using the "scrapy-ctl.py startproject dmoz" command in dos. I then proceeded to created the first spider using the command: scrapy-ctl.py genspider myspider myspdier-domain.com but it did not work and returns the error: Error running: scrapy-ctl.py genspider, Cannot find project settings module in python path: scrapy_settings. I know I have the path set right (to python26/scripts), but I am having difficulty figuring out what the problem is. I am new to both scrapy and python so there is a good possibility that I have failled to do something important. Also, I have been using eclipse with the Pydev plugin to edit the code if that might cause some problems.

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• How to list directory hierarchy in PyGTK treeview widget?

  - by lyrae

  I am trying to generate a hierarchical directory listing in pyGTK. Currently, I have this following directory tree: /root folderA - subdirA - subA.py - a.py folderB - b.py I have written a function that -almost- seem to work: def go(root, piter = None): for filename in os.listdir(root): isdir = os.path.isdir(os.path.join(root, filename)) piter = self.treestore.append(piter, [filename]) if isdir == True: go(os.path.join(root, filename), piter) This is what i get when i run the app: I also think my function is inefficient and that i should be using os.walk(), since it already exists for such purpose. How can I, and what is the proper/most efficient way of generating a directory tree with pyGTK?

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• Asp.Net Cache, modify an object from cache and it changes the cached value

  - by Glen

  Hi, I'm having an issue when using the Asp.Net Cache functionality. I add an object to the Cache then at another time I get that object from the Cache, modify one of it's properties then save the changes to the database. But, the next time I get the object from Cache it contains the changed values. So, when I modify the object it modifies the version which is contained in cache even though I haven't updated it in the Cache specifically. Does anyone know how I can get an object from the Cache which doesn't reference the cached version? i.e. Step 1: Item item = new Item(); item.Title = "Test"; Cache.Insert("Test", item, null, DateTime.Now.AddHours(1), System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration); Step 2: Item item = (Item)Cache.Get("test"); item.Title = "Test 1"; Step 3: Item item = (Item)Cache.Get("test"); if(item.Title == "Test 1"){ Response.Write("Object has been changed in the Cache."); } I realise that with the above example it would make sense that any changes to the item get reflected in cache but my situation is a bit more complicated and I definitely don't want this to happen.

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• Wildcard subdomain .htaccess and Codeigniter

  - by Gautam

  Hi All, I am trying to create the proper .htaccess that would allow me to map as such: http://domain.com/ --> http://domain.com/home http://domain.com/whatever --> http://domain.com/home/whatever http://user.domain.com/ --> http://domain.com/user http://user.domain.com/whatever --> http://domain.com/user/whatever/ Here, someone would type in the above URLs, however internally, it would be redirecting as if it were the URL on the right. Also the subdomain would be dynamic (that is, http://user.domain.com isn't an actual subdomain but would be a .htaccess rewrite) Also /home is my default controller so no subdomain would internally force it to /home controller and any paths following it (as shown in #2 example above) would be the (catch-all) function within that controller. Like wise if a subdomain is passed it would get passed as a (catch-all) controller along with any (catch-all) functions for it (as shown in #4 example above) Hopefully I'm not asking much here but I can't seem to figure out the proper .htaccess or routing rules (in Codeigniter) for this. httpd.conf and hosts are setup just fine. EDIT #1 Here's my .htaccess that is coming close but is messing up at some point: RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^([a-z0-9-]+).domain [NC] RewriteRule (.*) index.php/%1/$1 [QSA] RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|images|robots\.txt) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L,QSA] With the above, when I visit: http://test.domain/abc/123 this is what I notice in $_SERVER var (I've removed some of the fields): Array ( [REDIRECT_STATUS] => 200 [SERVER_NAME] => test.domain [REDIRECT_URL] => /abc/123 [QUERY_STRING] => [REQUEST_URI] => /abc/123 [SCRIPT_NAME] => /index.php [PATH_INFO] => /test/abc/123 [PATH_TRANSLATED] => redirect:\index.php\test\test\abc\123\abc\123 [PHP_SELF] => /index.php/test/abc/123 ) You can see the PATH_TRANSLATED is not properly being formed and I think that may be screwing things up?

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• Django Custom Template Tages: Inclusion Tags

  - by Harry

  Hello world! Im trieng to build my own template tags Im have no idea why I get the errors I get, im following the django doc's. this is my file structure of my app: pollquiz/ __init__.py show_pollquiz.html showpollquiz.py This is showpollquiz.py: from django import template from pollquiz.models import PollQuiz, Choice register = template.Library() @register.inclusion_tag('show_pollquiz.html') def show_poll(): poll = Choice.objects.all() return { 'poll' : poll } html file: <ul> {% for poll in poll <li>{{ poll.pollquiz }}</li> {% endfor </ul> in my base.html file im am including like this {% load showpollquiz %} and {% poll_quiz %} Bu then I get the the error: Exception Value: Caught an exception while rendering: show_pollquiz.html I have no idea why this happens. Any ideas? Please keep in mind Im still new to Django

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• socket.setdefaulttimeout interacting with M2Crypto connection

  - by Becky

  Hello - I'm making a secure SSL connection to a server using python and M2Crypto. See code below. from M2Crypto import SSL, m2,x509 from M2Crypto.m2xmlrpclib import Server, SSL_Tranport ctx = SSL.Context() m2.ssl_ctx_use_pkey_privkey(ctx.ctx,myKey.pkey) m2.ssl_ctx_use_x509(ctx.ctx,myCert.x509) server = Server(serverUrl, SSL_Transport(ctx)) server.ping() The above works fine. If I try to change the default socket timeout by adding the following two lines at the beginning of the code, I get a protocol error. import socket socket.setdefaulttimeout(40) This is the error I receive: File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in call return self._send(self._name, args) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in _request verbose=self._verbose File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages/M2Crypto/m2xmlrpclib.py", line 68, in request headers xmlrpclib.ProtocolError: Why is the default socket timeout causing problems?

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• How to structure Python package that contains Cython code

  - by Craig McQueen

  I'd like to make a Python package containing some Cython code. I've got the the Cython code working nicely. However, now I want to know how best to package it. For most people who just want to install the package, I'd like to include the .c file that Cython creates, and arrange for setup.py to compile that to produce the module. Then the user doesn't need Cython installed in order to install the package. But for people who may want to modify the package, I'd also like to provide the Cython .pyx files, and somehow also allow for setup.py to build them using Cython (so those users would need Cython installed). How should I structure the files in the package to cater for both these scenarios? The Cython documentation gives a little guidance. But it doesn't say how to make a single setup.py that handles both the with/without Cython cases.

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• Setting project for eclipse using maven

  - by egaga

  Hi, I'm trying to start modifying an existing application with Eclipse. Actually I had it working before, but I deleted the project, and now with "mvn eclipse:eclipse" I get the following: [INFO] Resource directory's path matches an existing source directory. Resources will be merged with the source directory src/main/resources [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ERROR] BUILD ERROR [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Request to merge when 'filtering' is not identical. Original=resource src/main/resources: output=target/classes, include=[atlassian-plugin.xml], exclude=[**/*.java], test=false, filtering=true, merging with=resource src/main/resources: output=target/classes, include=[], exclude=[atlassian-plugin.xml|**/*.java], test=false, filtering=false [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Trace org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Request to merge when 'filtering' is not identical. Original=resource src/main/resources: output=target/classes, include=[atlassian-plugin.xml], exclude=[**/*.java], test=false, filtering=true, merging with=resource src/main/resources: output=target/classes, include=[], exclude=[atlassian-plugin.xml|**/*.java], test=false, filtering=false at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoals(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:583) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeStandaloneGoal(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:512) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoal(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:482) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoalAndHandleFailures(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:330) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeTaskSegments(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:291) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.execute(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:142) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:336) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:129) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:287) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:315) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:255) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:430) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:375) Caused by: org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException: Request to merge when 'filtering' is not identical. Original=resource src/main/resources: output=target/classes, include=[atlassian-plugin.xm l], exclude=[**/*.java], test=false, filtering=true, merging with=resource src/main/resources: output=target/classes, include=[], exclude=[atlassian-plugin.xml|**/*.java], test=false, filtering=false at org.apache.maven.plugin.eclipse.EclipseSourceDir.merge(EclipseSourceDir.java:302) at org.apache.maven.plugin.eclipse.EclipsePlugin.extractResourceDirs(EclipsePlugin.java:1605) at org.apache.maven.plugin.eclipse.EclipsePlugin.buildDirectoryList(EclipsePlugin.java:1490) at org.apache.maven.plugin.eclipse.EclipsePlugin.createEclipseWriterConfig(EclipsePlugin.java:1180) at org.apache.maven.plugin.eclipse.EclipsePlugin.writeConfiguration(EclipsePlugin.java:1043) at org.apache.maven.plugin.ide.AbstractIdeSupportMojo.execute(AbstractIdeSupportMojo.java:511) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultPluginManager.java:451) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoals(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:558) ... 16 more

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• chrome frame causes postback to wrong url and a Server Error in '/' Application error

  - by Johnny S

  I have a simple asp page with no code behind defined as: <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="chrome=1" /> <title>test login</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:Button runat="server" CommandName="test" Text="test" /> </div> </form> </body> </html> This is being hosted on an IIS server that ships with XP (looks like 5.1). If I have machine with native IE6 running chrome frame click the TEST button, I receive: Server Error in '/' Application. The resource cannot be found. Description: HTTP 404. The resource you are looking for (or one of its dependencies) could have been removed, had its name changed, or is temporarily unavailable. Please review the following URL and make sure that it is spelled correctly. Requested URL: /Default.aspx I have tried this test on an IIS 7 host and several other IE6 machines with the same result. What I have noticed is that it is trying to postback to the wrong URL. I have checked with fiddler and have seen it will start at hostname/test/default.aspx but when I click the button it is trying to post to hostname/default.aspx Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Detecting first time login of user into application (Google Appengine)

  - by Jake

  My app requires users to login using their google account. I have this set in my App.yamp file: url: /user/.* script: user.py login: required Now when any user tries to access files under /user/secret.py he will need to authenticate via google, which will redirect the user back to /user/secret.py after successful authentication. Now the problem I am facing is when the user is redirected back to the app, I cannot be sure if this is the first time the user has logged in or is it a regular user to my site who has come back again from just the user object which google passes using users.get_current_user() . I thus need to maintain state in the datastore to check if the user already exists or not everytime. If he does not exist i need to create a new entry with other application specific settings. My question is: Is there some easier way to handle this? without having to query the datastore to figure if this is a first time user or a regular one?

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• Rails 2.3.2 trying to render ERB instead of HAML

  - by c00lryguy

  Rails is suddenly trying to render ERB instead of Haml and I can't figure out why. I've created new rails projects, reinstalled Haml, and reinstalled Rails. Here's exactly the steps I take when making my application (Rails 2.3.2): rails> rails test rails> cd test rails\test> haml --rails . rails\test> ruby script\generate model user email:string password:string rails\test> ruby script\generate controller users index rails\test> rake db:migrate Here's what the UsersController looks like: class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User.all end end My routes: ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map| map.resources :users end I now create views\users\index.html.haml: %table %th(style="text-align: left;") %h1 Users - for user in @users %tr %td= user.email %td= user.password Annnd run the server... I navigate to localhost:3000\users and I get this error message: Template is missing Missing template users/index.erb in view path app/views For some reason Rails is trying to find and render .erb files instead of .haml files. vendor\plugins\haml\init.rb exists, untouched. I've reinstalled Haml (Pretty Penny) multiple times and still get the same results. I've also tried adding config.gem 'haml' to my environment.rb but this also doesn't work. I can't figure out why suddenly rails will not render haml for me.

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• Webfaction: How do I run a Static/Perl app and Django app under the same website

  - by swisstony

  I have an existing Perl app that I'm moving to a Webfaction website. I will be adding Django apps to this Webfaction website too. I would like the Django app to get first call and so would want its URL path to be / This would allow me to add any new URLs to the urls.py I wish as my app grows. If the URL doesn't match anything in the urls.py I would like it to get passed to the static Perl app. For example /app1 - Django /app2 - Django Everything else not picked up by urls.py I would want going to my Perl app For example: /index.html - Static/Perl app /about.html - Static/Perl app /contact.html - Static/Perl app /apps/perlapp1.cgi - Static/Perl app etc How do I go about achieving this in Webfaction?

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• django generic view update/create: update works but create raises IntegrityError

  - by smarber

  I'm using CreateView and UpdateView directely into urls.py of my application whose name is dydict. In the file forms.py I'm using ModelForm and I'm exluding a couple of fields from being shown, some of which sould be set when either creating or updating. So, as mentioned in the title, update part works but create part doesn't which is obvious because required fields that I have exluded are sent empty which is not allowed in my case. So the question here is, how should I do to fill exluded fields into the file forms.py so that I don't have to override CreateView? Thanks in advance.

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• Converting python objects for rpy2

  - by bgbg

  The following code is supposed to created a heatmap in rpy2 import numpy as np from rpy2.robjects import r data = np.random.random((10,10)) r.heatmap(data) However, it results in the following error Traceback (most recent call last): File "z.py", line 8, in <module> labRow=rowNames, labCol=colNames) File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\rpy2\robjects\__init__.py", line 418, in __call__ new_args = [conversion.py2ri(a) for a in args] File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\rpy2\robjects\__init__.py", line 93, in default_py2ri raise(ValueError("Nothing can be done for the type %s at the moment." %(type(o)))) ValueError: Nothing can be done for the type <type 'numpy.ndarray'> at the moment. From the documentation I learn that r.heatmap expects "a numeric matrix". How do I convert np.array to the required data type?

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• Finding missing symbols in libstd++ on Debian/squeeze

  - by Florian Le Goff

  I'm trying to use a pre-compiled library provided as a .so file. This file is dynamically linked against a few librairies : $ ldd /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so linux-gate.so.1 = (0xb770d000) libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2 = not found libm.so.6 = /lib/i686/cmov/libm.so.6 (0xb75e1000) libc.so.6 = /lib/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 (0xb7499000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb770e000) libgcc_s.so.1 = /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0xb747c000) Unfortunately, in Debian/squeeze, there is no libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.* file. Only a libstdc++.so.* file provided by the libstdc++6 package. I tried to link (using ln -s) libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2 to the libstdc++.so.6 file. It does not work, a batch of symbols seems to be lacking when I'm trying to ld my .o files with this lib. /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `__builtin_vec_delete' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `istrstream::istrstream(int, char const *, int)' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `__rtti_user' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `__builtin_new' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `istream::ignore(int, int)' What would you do ? How may I find in which lib those symbols are exported ?

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• [Gdata] GetAuthSubToken returns None

  - by Matt

  Hey guys, I am a little lost on how to get the auth token. Here is the code I am using on the return from authorizing my app: client = gdata.service.GDataService() gdata.alt.appengine.run_on_appengine(client) sessionToken = gdata.auth.extract_auth_sub_token_from_url(self.request.uri) client.UpgradeToSessionToken(sessionToken) logging.info(client.GetAuthSubToken()) what gets logged is "None" so that does seem right :-( if I use this: temp = client.upgrade_to_session_token(sessionToken) logging.info(dump(temp)) I get this: {'scopes': ['http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/'], 'auth_header': 'AuthSub token=CNKe7drpFRDzp8uVARjD-s-wAg'} so I can see that I am getting a AuthSub Token and I guess I could just parse that and grab the token but that doesn't seem like the way things should work. If I try to use AuthSubTokenInfo I get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 507, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "controllers/indexController.py", line 47, in get logging.info(client.AuthSubTokenInfo()) File "/Users/matthusby/Dropbox/appengine/projects/FBCal/gdata/service.py", line 938, in AuthSubTokenInfo token = self.token_store.find_token(scopes[0]) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable so it looks like my token_store is not getting filled in correctly, is that something I should be doing? Also I am using gdata 2.0.9 Thanks Matt

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• How to have a policy class implement a virtual function?

  - by dehmann

  I'm trying to design a policy-based class, where a certain interface is implemented by the policy itself, so the class derives from the policy, which itself is a template (I got this kind of thinking from Alexandrescu's book): #include <iostream> #include <vector> class TestInterface { public: virtual void test() = 0; }; class TestImpl1 { public: void test() {std::cerr << "Impl1" << std::endl;} }; template<class TestPolicy> class Foo : public TestInterface, TestPolicy { }; Then, in the main() function, I call test() on (potentially) various different objects that all implement the same interface: int main() { std::vector<TestInterface*> foos; foos.push_back(new Foo<TestImpl1>()); foos[0]->test(); delete foos[0]; return 0; } It doesn't compile, though, because the following virtual functions are pure within ‘Foo<TestImpl1>’: virtual void TestInterface::test() I thought TestInterface::test() is implemented because we derive from TestImpl1?

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• Unexpected performance curve from CPython merge sort

  - by vkazanov

  I have implemented a naive merge sorting algorithm in Python. Algorithm and test code is below: import time import random import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import math from collections import deque def sort(unsorted): if len(unsorted) <= 1: return unsorted to_merge = deque(deque([elem]) for elem in unsorted) while len(to_merge) > 1: left = to_merge.popleft() right = to_merge.popleft() to_merge.append(merge(left, right)) return to_merge.pop() def merge(left, right): result = deque() while left or right: if left and right: elem = left.popleft() if left[0] > right[0] else right.popleft() elif not left and right: elem = right.popleft() elif not right and left: elem = left.popleft() result.append(elem) return result LOOP_COUNT = 100 START_N = 1 END_N = 1000 def test(fun, test_data): start = time.clock() for _ in xrange(LOOP_COUNT): fun(test_data) return time.clock() - start def run_test(): timings, elem_nums = [], [] test_data = random.sample(xrange(100000), END_N) for i in xrange(START_N, END_N): loop_test_data = test_data[:i] elapsed = test(sort, loop_test_data) timings.append(elapsed) elem_nums.append(len(loop_test_data)) print "%f s --- %d elems" % (elapsed, len(loop_test_data)) plt.plot(elem_nums, timings) plt.show() run_test() As much as I can see everything is OK and I should get a nice N*logN curve as a result. But the picture differs a bit: Things I've tried to investigate the issue: PyPy. The curve is ok. Disabled the GC using the gc module. Wrong guess. Debug output showed that it doesn't even run until the end of the test. Memory profiling using meliae - nothing special or suspicious. ` I had another implementation (a recursive one using the same merge function), it acts the similar way. The more full test cycles I create - the more "jumps" there are in the curve. So how can this behaviour be explained and - hopefully - fixed? UPD: changed lists to collections.deque UPD2: added the full test code UPD3: I use Python 2.7.1 on a Ubuntu 11.04 OS, using a quad-core 2Hz notebook. I tried to turn of most of all other processes: the number of spikes went down but at least one of them was still there.

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• strict aliasing and alignment

  - by cooky451

  I need a safe way to alias between arbitrary POD types, conforming to ISO-C++11 explicitly considering 3.10/10 and 3.11 of n3242 or later. There are a lot of questions about strict aliasing here, most of them regarding C and not C++. I found a "solution" for C which uses unions, probably using this section union type that includes one of the aforementioned types among its elements or nonstatic data members From that I built this. #include <iostream> template <typename T, typename U> T& access_as(U* p) { union dummy_union { U dummy; T destination; }; dummy_union* u = (dummy_union*)p; return u->destination; } struct test { short s; int i; }; int main() { int buf[2]; static_assert(sizeof(buf) >= sizeof(double), ""); static_assert(sizeof(buf) >= sizeof(test), ""); access_as<double>(buf) = 42.1337; std::cout << access_as<double>(buf) << '\n'; access_as<test>(buf).s = 42; access_as<test>(buf).i = 1234; std::cout << access_as<test>(buf).s << '\n'; std::cout << access_as<test>(buf).i << '\n'; } My question is, just to be sure, is this program legal according to the standard?* It doesn't give any warnings whatsoever and works fine when compiling with MinGW/GCC 4.6.2 using: g++ -std=c++0x -Wall -Wextra -O3 -fstrict-aliasing -o alias.exe alias.cpp * Edit: And if not, how could one modify this to be legal?

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• Python nested function scopes

  - by Thomas O

  I have code like this: def write_postcodes(self): """Write postcodes database. Write data to file pointer. Data is ordered. Initially index pages are written, grouping postcodes by the first three characters, allowing for faster searching.""" status("POSTCODE", "Preparing to sort...", 0, 1) # This function returns the key of x whilst updating the displayed # status of the sort. ctr = 0 def keyfunc(x): ctr += 1 status("POSTCODE", "Sorting postcodes", ctr, len(self.postcodes)) return x sort_res = self.postcodes[:] sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc) But ctr responds with a NameError: Traceback (most recent call last): File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 53, in <module> w.write_postcodes() File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 47, in write_postcodes sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc) File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 43, in keyfunc ctr += 1 UnboundLocalError: local variable 'ctr' referenced before assignment How can I fix this? I thought nester scopes would have allowed me to do this. I've tried with 'global', but it still doesn't work.

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• Loading Files in AppEngine

  - by Chris M

  I've got a tiny bit of code to display a file in app.yaml - url: /(.*\.(gif|png|jpg)) static_files: static/\1 upload: static/(.*\.(gif|png|jpg)) in main.py ... class ShowImage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): rootpath = os.path.dirname(__file__) file = rootpath + "/static/tracker.gif"; fh=open(file, 'r') self.response.out.write(fh.read()) fh.close ... I can see the files gone up by going to my *.appspot.com/tracker.gif (as per the app.yaml) But using *.appspot.com/showimage returns Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 510, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "/base/data/home/apps/APPNAME/2.341131266814384624/main.py", line 170, in get fh=open(file, 'r') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/base/data/home/apps/APPNAME/2.341131266814384624/static/tracker.gif'

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• explicit template instantiations

  - by user323422

  see following code and please clear doubts1. as ABC is template why it not showing error when we put defination of ABC class member function in test.cpp 2.if i put test.cpp code in test.h and remve 2 , then it working fine. // test.h template <typename T> class ABC { public: void foo( T& ); void bar( T& ); }; // test.cpp template <typename T> void ABC<T>::foo( T& ) {} // definition template <typename T> void ABC<T>::bar( T& ) {} // definition template void ABC<char>::foo( char & ); // 1 template class ABC<char>; // 2 // main.cpp #include "test.h" int main() { ABC<char> a; a.foo(); // valid with 1 or 2 a.bar(); // link error if only 1, valid with 2 }

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