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  • Proper network configuration for a KVM guest to be on the same networks at the host

    - by Steve Madsen
    I am running a Debian Linux server on Lenny. Within it, I am running another Lenny instance using KVM. Both servers are externally available, with public IPs, as well as a second interface with private IPs for the LAN. Everything works fine, except the VM sees all network traffic as originating from the host server. I suspect this might have something to do with the iptables-based firewall I'm running on the host. What I'd like to figure out is: how to I properly configure the host's networking such that all of these requirements are met? Both host and VMs have 2 network interfaces (public and private). Both host and VMs can be independently firewalled. Ideally, VM traffic does not have to traverse the host firewall. VMs see real remote IP addresses, not the host's. Currently, the host's network interfaces are configured as bridges. eth0 and eth1 do not have IP addresses assigned to them, but br0 and br1 do. /etc/network/interfaces on the host: # The primary network interface auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 24.123.138.34 netmask 255.255.255.248 network 24.123.138.32 broadcast 24.123.138.39 gateway 24.123.138.33 bridge_ports eth1 bridge_stp off auto br1:0 iface br1:0 inet static address 24.123.138.36 netmask 255.255.255.248 network 24.123.138.32 broadcast 24.123.138.39 # Internal network auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off This is the libvirt/qemu configuration file for the VM: <domain type='kvm'> <name>apps</name> <uuid>636b6620-0949-bc88-3197-37153b88772e</uuid> <memory>393216</memory> <currentMemory>393216</currentMemory> <vcpu>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='i686' machine='pc'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='cdrom'> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/raid/kvm-images/apps.qcow2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> </disk> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='54:52:00:27:5e:02'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='54:52:00:40:cc:7f'/> <source bridge='br1'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' keymap='en-us'/> </devices> </domain> Along with the rest of my firewall rules, the firewalling script includes this command to pass packets destined for a KVM guest: # Allow bridged packets to pass (for KVM guests). iptables -A FORWARD -m physdev --physdev-is-bridged -j ACCEPT (Not applicable to this question, but a side-effect of my bridging configuration appears to be that I can't ever shut down cleanly. The kernel eventually tells me "unregister_netdevice: waiting for br1 to become free" and I have to hard reset the system. Maybe a sign I've done something dumb?)

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  • Sony VAIO with Insyde H2O EFI bios will not boot into GRUB EFI

    - by Rohan Dhruva
    I bought a new Sony Vaio S series laptop. It uses Insyde H2O BIOS EFI, and trying to install Linux on it is driving me crazy. root@kubuntu:~# parted /dev/sda print Model: ATA Hitachi HTS72756 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 640GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 274MB 273MB fat32 EFI system partition hidden 2 274MB 20.8GB 20.6GB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag 3 20.8GB 21.1GB 273MB fat32 EFI system partition boot 4 21.1GB 21.3GB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 5 21.3GB 342GB 320GB ntfs Basic data partition 6 342GB 358GB 16.1GB ext4 Basic data partition 7 358GB 374GB 16.1GB ntfs Basic data partition 8 374GB 640GB 266GB ntfs Basic data partition What is surprising is that there are 2 EFI system partitions on the disk. The sda2 partition is a 20gb recovery partition which loads windows with a basic recovery interface. This is accessible by pressing the "ASSIST" button as opposed to the normal power button. I presume that the sda1 EFI System Partition (ESP) loads into this recovery. The sda3 ESP has more fleshed out entries for Microsoft Windows, which actually goes into Windows 7 (as confirmed by bcdedit.exe on Windows). Ubuntu is installed on sda6, and while installation I chose sda3 as my boot partition. The installer correctly created a sda3/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi application. The real problem: for the life of me, I can't set it to be the default! I tried creating a sda3/startup.nsh which called grubx64.efi, but it didn't help -- on rebooting, the system still boots into windows. I tried using efibootmgr, and that shows as it it worked: root@kubuntu:~# efibootmgr BootCurrent: 0000 BootOrder: 0000,0001 Boot0000* EFI USB Device Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager root@kubuntu:~# efibootmgr --create --gpt --disk /dev/sda --part 3 --write-signature --label "GRUB2" --loader "\\EFI\\ubuntu\\grubx64.efi" BootCurrent: 0000 BootOrder: 0002,0000,0001 Boot0000* EFI USB Device Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager Boot0002* GRUB2 root@kubuntu:~# efibootmgr BootCurrent: 0000 BootOrder: 0002,0000,0001 Boot0000* EFI USB Device Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager Boot0002* GRUB2 However, on rebooting, as you guessed, the machine rebooted directly back into Windows. The only things I can think of are: The sda1 partition is somehow being used Overwrite /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi and /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi with grubx64.efi [but this seems really radical]. Can anyone please help me out? Thanks -- any help is greatly appreciated, as this issue is driving me crazy!

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  • Floppy Autoloader Automatically Archives Thousands of Floppies

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    The thought of hand loading 5,000 floppy disks is more than enough to drive an inventive geek to create a better alternative–like this automated floppy disk archiver. DwellerTunes has several crates of floppy disks that contain old Amiga software and related material, personal programming projects, personal documents, and more. Realistically there’s no way he could devout time to hand loading and archiving thousands upon thousands of floppy disks so he built a automatic loader that accepts stacks of several hundred floppy disks at time. The loader not only loads and archives the floppy disks, but it photographs the label of each disk so that each archive includes a picture of the original label. Watch the video above to see it in action and then hit up the link below for more information. Converting All My Amiga Disks [DwellerTunes via Make] How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 2 How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 1 What’s the Difference Between Sleep and Hibernate in Windows?

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  • Why Google skips page title

    - by Bob
    I have no idea why this is happening. An example http://www.londonofficespace.com/ofdj17062004934429t.htm Title tag is: Unfurnished Office Space Wimbledon – Serviced Office on Lombard Road SW19 But is indexed as: Lombard Road – SW19 - London Office Space If you look in the source code and search for this portion ‘Lombard Road – SW19’ You then find that it's next to an office image alt=’Lombard Road – SW19’. The only thing I could think of is that the spider somehow ‘skips’ our title tag and grabs this bit, and then inserts the name of the site (but WHY?) Is there anything I can do with this? or is this a Google behaviour?

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  • Uninstalling dual boot Ubuntu 12.04 LTS with Windows 7

    - by user103799
    I tried Ubuntu and decided Windows 7 was good enough for me.I tried to uninstall it but in Disk Management in Windows 7, I can't find the partition for Ubuntu. There are HP_Tools, OS (C:), Recovery (D:) and SYSTEM partitions and are all NTFS. My HDD has 250 GB, but it shows only ~230 GBs. I'm confussed about what's going on, as I'm pretty sure I had Ubuntu installed, even booted into it a few days back. I even used EaseUS. Shows the same thing as Disk Management. I've made a Ubuntu Live USB. How do I get Ubuntu off my laptop? Thanks in advance.

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  • Problem with Numlock light and remapping keyboard

    - by ansidev
    I upgraded to Ubuntu 13.10. And there are two problem: Numlock is on. But after I press Ctrl+Space (hotkey for IBus, (default in 13.10 is Super+Space)), Numlock is off and I must press Numlock button twice to enable Numlock. About remapping keyboard, because my keyboard have some broken key, so I am using xmodmap to remap my keyboard (config file for xmodmap is $HOME/.xmodmap). But when I switch keyboard layout (I mentioned above), everything changed to default, and I must run xmodmap .xmodmap to remap keyboard again. When using Ubuntu 13.04, everything is good. How to solve my problems? UPDATE: 1. I am using two keyboard layout: English (US) and Unikey (from ibus-unikey package). 2. If I change key board layout using menu on Unity panel, no first problem.

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  • Wireless icon shows grey box

    - by donald
    Hello I am running kubuntu 13.10. I had to install using the server disk and did a upgrade to the desktop version to enable full disk encryption using multiple drives. For some weird reason when I move my mouse over to the wireless icon which has an red circle and a line through it, up pops a grey box with nothing in it. This stops me from chosing which ssid's I can connect to. Ubuntu has the drive for my wirless card and it is working verified using #lspci | grep Network Centrino Wireless-N 2230 I am connected to my network from the install wizard but I need to be able to choose which networks. Please help.

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  • Installation of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS is Crashing from Live CD

    - by Daniel Evans
    Hardware: Dell Inspiron 1545 Steps are as follows: Insert Ubuntu 12.04 disc Boot computer Output is as follows error: unexpectedly disconnected from boot status daemon Generating locales... en_US.UTF-8... done Generation complete. ***MEMORY-ERROR***: glib-compile-schemas[569]: GSlice: assertion failed: aligned_memory == (gpointer) addr Aborted pwconv: failed to change the mode of /etc/passwd- to 0600 ***MEMORY-ERROR***: [996]: GSlice: assertion failed: aligned_memory == (gpointer) addr ***MEMORY-ERROR***: glib-compile-scehmas[1034]: GSlice: assertion failed: aligned_memory == gpointer) addr Aborted /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/LanguageSelector/LocaleInfo.py:256: UserWarning: Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory warnings.warn(msg.args[0].encode('UTF-8')) Using CD-ROM mount point /cdrom ... etc etc... End up at a prompt line ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ The computer's self tests have given the following three errors (so far): Error Code OFOO:O65D Msg DISK-DST Self-test read error SATA Disk S/N=.... Confidence Test Fail Error Code 0F00:1332 Msg: DISK- Block 418047942: Interrupt Request (IRQ) Error Code: 0142 HD0 self test unsuccessful Status 79

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  • Convert DVD to MKV (et al) without transcoding/recompression

    - by Oli
    Like a lot of people, I have a lot of DVDs. But we also have a stupid amount of disk space and a media centre (Boxee) so the DVDs are getting less and less use. It would be nice to convert our DVDs into something more relevant to our needs. I've dabbled with DVD ripping before but whereas I'd usually transcode down to a smaller picture size with a better video compression algorithm, this takes a silly amount of time. I don't have a couple of hours available for each disk. (Sidebar: is there dedicated, Linux-friendly hardware to improve h264 encoding performance?) So I was wondering if there's anything that take the DVD filesystem, De-CSS it, and then stitch together any the VOBs that make up the main part of the film and package that up in a wrapping format like MKV. A bonus would be if it could grab the subtitles and stick them in too but that's not a requirement as Boxee can grab the subtitles online if it needs to.

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  • New Computer

    - by Matt Christian
    Last night I received my computer that was ordered with my tax return money.  Here are the specs of my old computer: - Pentium 4 Processor - 3-4 GB RAM - ~256 GB HDD space (2 drives) - nVidia card (AGP 8x) Sorry I can't be more specific, my memory is gone :p  Here are the new computer specs (mostly): - 2.8ghz Pentium i7 quadcore - 6 GB RAM - 1 TB HDD space (1 drive) - 1 GB Radeon card (PCI-X) I also got a new monitor (22" Asus with HDMI) so will be using my 19" widescreen as a secondary monitor. If I remember I'll hop on here and post the specifics later on...

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  • having trouble getting audio drivers

    - by barry
    i'm trying to install the audio driver for my laptop and having problems. everything works great except for no audio. i locate the file, download it, try to open it, and this is what i get: Archive: /home/barry/Downloads/Audio_Conexant_v.6.14.10.575_XPx86/HXFSetup.exe [/home/barry/Downloads/Audio_Conexant_v.6.14.10.575_XPx86/HXFSetup.exe] End-of-central-directory signature not found. Either this file is not a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive. In the latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on the last disk(s) of this archive. zipinfo: cannot find zipfile directory in one of /home/barry/Downloads/Audio_Conexant_v.6.14.10.575_XPx86/HXFSetup.exe or /home/barry/Downloads/Audio_Conexant_v.6.14.10.575_XPx86/HXFSetup.exe.zip, and cannot find /home/barry/Downloads/Audio_Conexant_v.6.14.10.575_XPx86/HXFSetup.exe.ZIP, period. can anyone help me out here? thanks

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  • How can I change my cursor behavior?

    - by Doug Clement
    When I am typing, my mouse cursor, if left on the text, will eventually auto-click in whatever space in the the text box I happen to be, causing me to type in the middle of a sentence. Also, the cursor in the text box will frequently stop mid-word and the screen will scroll down all of a sudden when pressing the space bar while typing. My question is, how do I change this behavior because it is driving me absolutely bat crap crazy. I have an Acer Aspire One D257 Netbook. I am not sure if it's a Xubuntu problem because it does this while I am using Windows 7 too. Any help would be nice, thanks!

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  • Solaris: What comes next?

    - by alanc
    As you probably know by now, a few months ago, we released Solaris 11 after years of development. That of course means we now need to figure out what comes next - if Solaris 11 is “The First Cloud OS”, then what do we need to make future releases of Solaris be, to be modern and competitive when they're released? So we've been having planning and brainstorming meetings, and I've captured some notes here from just one of those we held a couple weeks ago with a number of the Silicon Valley based engineers. Now before someone sees an idea here and calls their product rep wanting to know what's up, please be warned what follows are rough ideas, and as I'll discuss later, none of them have any committment, schedule, working code, or even plan for integration in any possible future product at this time. (Please don't make me force you to read the full Oracle future product disclaimer here, you should know it by heart already from the front of every Oracle product slide deck.) To start with, we did some background research, looking at ideas from other Oracle groups, and competitive OS'es. We examined what was hot in the technology arena and where the interesting startups were heading. We then looked at Solaris to see where we could apply those ideas. Making Network Admins into Socially Networking Admins We all know an admin who has grumbled about being the only one stuck late at work to fix a problem on the server, or having to work the weekend alone to do scheduled maintenance. But admins are humans (at least most are), and crave companionship and community with their fellow humans. And even when they're alone in the server room, they're never far from a network connection, allowing access to the wide world of wonders on the Internet. Our solution here is not building a new social network - there's enough of those already, and Oracle even has its own Oracle Mix social network already. What we proposed is integrating Solaris features to help engage our system admins with these social networks, building community and bringing them recognition in the workplace, using achievement recognition systems as found in many popular gaming platforms. For instance, if you had a Facebook account, and a group of admin friends there, you could register it with our Social Network Utility For Facebook, and then your friends might see: Alan earned the achievement Critically Patched (April 2012) for patching all his servers. Matt is only at 50% - encourage him to complete this achievement today! To avoid any undue risk of advertising who has unpatched servers that are easier targets for hackers to break into, this information would be tightly protected via Facebook's world-renowned privacy settings to avoid it falling into the wrong hands. A related form of gamification we considered was replacing simple certfications with role-playing-game-style Experience Levels. Instead of just knowing an admin passed a test establishing a given level of competency, these would provide recruiters with a more detailed level of how much real-world experience an admin has. Achievements such as the one above would feed into it, but larger numbers of experience points would be gained by tougher or more critical tasks - such as recovering a down system, or migrating a service to a new platform. (As long as it was an Oracle platform of course - migrating to an HP or IBM platform would cause the admin to lose points with us.) Unfortunately, we couldn't figure out a good way to prevent (if you will) “gaming” the system. For instance, a disgruntled admin might decide to start ignoring warnings from FMA that a part is beginning to fail or skip preventative maintenance, in the hopes that they'd cause a catastrophic failure to earn more points for bolstering their resume as they look for a job elsewhere, and not worrying about the effect on your business of a mission critical server going down. More Z's for ZFS Our suggested new feature for ZFS was inspired by the worlds most successful Z-startup of all time: Zynga. Using the Social Network Utility For Facebook described above, we'd tie it in with ZFS monitoring to help you out when you find yourself in a jam needing more disk space than you have, and can't wait a month to get a purchase order through channels to buy more. Instead with the click of a button you could post to your group: Alan can't find any space in his server farm! Can you help? Friends could loan you some space on their connected servers for a few weeks, knowing that you'd return the favor when needed. ZFS would create a new filesystem for your use on their system, and securely share it with your system using Kerberized NFS. If none of your friends have space, then you could buy temporary use space in small increments at affordable rates right there in Facebook, using your Facebook credits, and then file an expense report later, after the urgent need has passed. Universal Single Sign On One thing all the engineers agreed on was that we still had far too many "Single" sign ons to deal with in our daily work. On the web, every web site used to have its own password database, forcing us to hope we could remember what login name was still available on each site when we signed up, and which unique password we came up with to avoid having to disclose our other passwords to a new site. In recent years, the web services world has finally been reducing the number of logins we have to manage, with many services allowing you to login using your identity from Google, Twitter or Facebook. So we proposed following their lead, introducing PAM modules for web services - no more would you have to type in whatever login name IT assigned and try to remember the password you chose the last time password aging forced you to change it - you'd simply choose which web service you wanted to authenticate against, and would login to your Solaris account upon reciept of a cookie from their identity service. Pinning notes to the cloud We also all noted that we all have our own pile of notes we keep in our daily work - in text files in our home directory, in notebooks we carry around, on white boards in offices and common areas, on sticky notes on our monitors, or on scraps of paper pinned to our bulletin boards. The contents of the notes vary, some are things just for us, some are useful for our groups, some we would share with the world. For instance, when our group moved to a new building a couple years ago, we had a white board in the hallway listing all the NIS & DNS servers, subnets, and other network configuration information we needed to set up our Solaris machines after the move. Similarly, as Solaris 11 was finishing and we were all learning the new network configuration commands, we shared notes in wikis and e-mails with our fellow engineers. Users may also remember one of the popular features of Sun's old BigAdmin site was a section for sharing scripts and tips such as these. Meanwhile, the online "pin board" at Pinterest is taking the web by storm. So we thought, why not mash those up to solve this problem? We proposed a new BigAddPin site where users could “pin” notes, command snippets, configuration information, and so on. For instance, once they had worked out the ideal Automated Installation manifest for their app server, they could pin it up to share with the rest of their group, or choose to make it public as an example for the world. Localized data, such as our group's notes on the servers for our subnet, could be shared only to users connecting from that subnet. And notes that they didn't want others to see at all could be marked private, such as the list of phone numbers to call for late night pizza delivery to the machine room, the birthdays and anniversaries they can never remember but would be sleeping on the couch if they forgot, or the list of automatically generated completely random, impossible to remember root passwords to all their servers. For greater integration with Solaris, we'd put support right into the command shells — redirect output to a pinned note, set your path to include pinned notes as scripts you can run, or bring up your recent shell history and pin a set of commands to save for the next time you need to remember how to do that operation. Location service for Solaris servers A longer term plan would involve convincing the hardware design groups to put GPS locators with wireless transmitters in future server designs. This would help both admins and service personnel trying to find servers in todays massive data centers, and could feed into location presence apps to help show potential customers that while they may not see many Solaris machines on the desktop any more, they are all around. For instance, while walking down Wall Street it might show “There are over 2000 Solaris computers in this block.” [Note: this proposal was made before the recent media coverage of a location service aggregrator app with less noble intentions, and in hindsight, we failed to consider what happens when such data similarly falls into the wrong hands. We certainly wouldn't want our app to be misinterpreted as “There are over $20 million dollars of SPARC servers in this building, waiting for you to steal them.” so it's probably best it was rejected.] Harnessing the power of the GPU for Security Most modern OS'es make use of the widespread availability of high powered GPU hardware in today's computers, with desktop environments requiring 3-D graphics acceleration, whether in Ubuntu Unity, GNOME Shell on Fedora, or Aero Glass on Windows, but we haven't yet made Solaris fully take advantage of this, beyond our basic offering of Compiz on the desktop. Meanwhile, more businesses are interested in increasing security by using biometric authentication, but must also comply with laws in many countries preventing discrimination against employees with physical limations such as missing eyes or fingers, not to mention the lost productivity when employees can't login due to tinted contacts throwing off a retina scan or a paper cut changing their fingerprint appearance until it heals. Fortunately, the two groups considering these problems put their heads together and found a common solution, using 3D technology to enable authentication using the one body part all users are guaranteed to have - pam_phrenology.so, a new PAM module that uses an array USB attached web cams (or just one if the user is willing to spin their chair during login) to take pictures of the users head from all angles, create a 3D model and compare it to the one in the authentication database. While Mythbusters has shown how easy it can be to fool common fingerprint scanners, we have not yet seen any evidence that people can impersonate the shape of another user's cranium, no matter how long they spend beating their head against the wall to reshape it. This could possibly be extended to group users, using modern versions of some of the older phrenological studies, such as giving all users with long grey beards access to the System Architect role, or automatically placing users with pointy spikes in their hair into an easy use mode. Unfortunately, there are still some unsolved technical challenges we haven't figured out how to overcome. Currently, a visit to the hair salon causes your existing authentication to expire, and some users have found that shaving their heads is the only way to avoid bad hair days becoming bad login days. Reaction to these ideas After gathering all our notes on these ideas from the engineering brainstorming meeting, we took them in to present to our management. Unfortunately, most of their reaction cannot be printed here, and they chose not to accept any of these ideas as they were, but they did have some feedback for us to consider as they sent us back to the drawing board. They strongly suggested our ideas would be better presented if we weren't trying to decipher ink blotches that had been smeared by the condensation when we put our pint glasses on the napkins we were taking notes on, and to that end let us know they would not be approving any more engineering offsites in Irish themed pubs on the Friday of a Saint Patrick's Day weekend. (Hopefully they mean that situation specifically and aren't going to deny the funding for travel to this year's X.Org Developer's Conference just because it happens to be in Bavaria and ending on the Friday of the weekend Oktoberfest starts.) They recommended our research techniques could be improved over just sitting around reading blogs and checking our Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest accounts, such as considering input from alternate viewpoints on topics such as gamification. They also mentioned that Oracle hadn't fully adopted some of Sun's common practices and we might have to try harder to get those to be accepted now that we are one unified company. So as I said at the beginning, don't pester your sales rep just yet for any of these, since they didn't get approved, but if you have better ideas, pass them on and maybe they'll get into our next batch of planning.

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  • scritp to create automatically ext4 and swap in unallocated diskspace

    - by user285589
    i've to install a number of machines. Some machines have windows 7 installed. Some machines not. The machines have 0 or 2 or 3 partitions. Every machine has enough free diskspace (20 to 250 GB) I installed an "golden client" and build an tar archiv of this client. Now, every client boots up a small linux via pxe, and run a script. This script should create a ext4 and a swap partition using the whole free space. After this, mount the ext4-partition, copy tar, chroot, and so on. The problem still is: I can create partitions using fdisk. But how can i figure out the partion number of the new partition. Do i have to mount /dev/sda3 or /dev/sda1? Someone an idea? Further question: How can i figure out, if the is unallocated space, and how much it is? Thanks

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  • Is there any difference between storing textures and baked lighting for environment meshes?

    - by Ben Hymers
    I assume that when texturing environments, one or several textures will be used, and the UVs of the environment geometry will likely overlap on these textures, so that e.g. a tiling brick texture can be used by many parts of the environment, rather than UV unwrapping the entire thing, and having several areas of the texture be identical. If my assumption is wrong, please let me know! Now, when thinking about baking lighting, clearly this can't be done the same way - lighting in general will be unique to every face so the environment must be UV unwrapped without overlap, and lighting must be baked onto unique areas of one or several textures, to give each surface its own texture space to store its lighting. My questions are: Have I got this wrong? If so, how? Isn't baking lighting going to use a lot of texture space? Will the geometry need two UV sets, one used for the colour/normal texture and one for the lighting texture? Anything else you'd like to add? :)

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  • How do I list installed software with the installed size?

    - by Lewis Goddard
    I would like to have a list the installed software on my machine, with the disk space consumed by them alongside. I would prefer to be able to order by largest/smallest, but that is not a necessity. I am the sort of person who will install software to try it, and never clean up after myself. As a result, my 7GB (Windows and my Data are on separate partitions, as well as a swap area) Ubuntu 11.04 partition is suffering, and has started regularly showing warning messages. I have cleaned my browser cache, as well as everything under Package Cleaner in Ubuntu Tweak, and am left with 149.81 MB off free space.

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  • This Week in Geek History: Zelda Turns 25, Birth of the Printing Press, and the Unveiling of ENIAC

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Every week we bring you interesting highlights from the history of geekdom. This week we take a look at The Legend of Zelda’s 25th anniversary, the Gutenberg press, and the unveiling of primitive super computer ENIAC. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC Should You Delete Windows 7 Service Pack Backup Files to Save Space? What Can Super Mario Teach Us About Graphics Technology? Windows 7 Service Pack 1 is Released: But Should You Install It? How To Make Hundreds of Complex Photo Edits in Seconds With Photoshop Actions How to Enable User-Specific Wireless Networks in Windows 7 How to Use Google Chrome as Your Default PDF Reader (the Easy Way) Reclaim Vertical UI Space by Moving Your Tabs to the Side in Firefox Wind and Water: Puzzle Battles – An Awesome Game for Linux and Windows How Star Wars Changed the World [Infographic] Tabs Visual Manager Adds Thumbnailed Tab Switching to Chrome Daisies and Rye Swaying in the Summer Wind Wallpaper Read On Phone Pushes Data from Your Desktop to the Appropriate Android App

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  • Installed Ubuntu 14.04LTS

    - by user291729
    On my laptop which came pre-installed with Windows 8.1. Felt I needed to see the competition for myself to establish which was a better OS. So I followed the channels to dual boot. All seemed fine and I accessed Ubuntu with no issues after selecting this from the menu to select the OS. I should add that the boot method was changed to legacy. However, since using Ubuntu, I no longer have the ability to select the OS. The laptop simply logs straight into Ubuntu. I therefore attempted to access the recovery options, only it appears the Windows 8 bootloader has somehow been corrupted as I am now told to use the Windows 8 recovery disc (which, as this was pre-installed - I do not have). Left with no other alternative, I have scoured these forums without success, and so I am hoping someone in the know (or who has experienced similar) can help. I have tried boot repair again without success. On rebooting I am only presented with a basic splash screen asking me to select Ubuntu, Memtest, Windows 8 Recovery or Windows 8 Bootloader (The bootloaders again require I insert the disc). I have tried Code: cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg df -h sudo fdisk -l cat /proc/partitions # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=800x600 load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_GB insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=menu set timeout=20 # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. else set timeout=20 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-7A6A69D66A698FA5' { insmod part_gpt insmod ntfs set root='hd0,gpt2' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 7A6A69D66A698FA5 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7A6A69D66A698FA5 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-8C88-80F7' { insmod part_gpt insmod fat set root='hd0,gpt3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8C88-80F7 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8C88-80F7 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=800x600 load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_GB insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=menu set timeout=20 # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. else set timeout=20 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-7A6A69D66A698FA5' { insmod part_gpt insmod ntfs set root='hd0,gpt2' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 7A6A69D66A698FA5 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7A6A69D66A698FA5 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-8C88-80F7' { insmod part_gpt insmod fat set root='hd0,gpt3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8C88-80F7 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8C88-80F7 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ ^C john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ ^C john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda9 84G 7.1G 73G 9% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 794M 1.4M 793M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.9G 80K 3.9G 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sdc1 7.5G 2.2G 5.4G 29% /media/john/DYLANMUSIC /dev/sr0 964M 964M 0 100% /media/john/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS amd64 /dev/sdb1 1.9T 892G 972G 48% /media/john/Storage Main WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4e2ccf75 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1953525167 976762583+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdc: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes 41 heads, 41 sectors/track, 9307 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 8064 15646719 7819328 b W95 FAT32 Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc7d968ff Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 64 3907029119 1953514528 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT major minor #blocks name 8 0 976762584 sda 8 1 266240 sda1 8 2 1509376 sda2 8 3 266240 sda3 8 4 131072 sda4 8 5 841012780 sda5 8 6 358400 sda6 8 7 35376128 sda7 8 8 1024 sda8 8 9 89501696 sda9 8 10 8337408 sda10 11 0 987136 sr0 8 32 7823360 sdc 8 33 7819328 sdc1 8 16 1953514584 sdb 8 17 1953514528 sdb1 I am no expert on this and I'm at a loss as how to correct this without having to re-format everything and reinstall Windows 8. However, if I'm to try using Ubuntu again then there is the risk this problem may come back. Again, I did not do anything manually - the installer did everything (with the exception of changing the boot to Legacy to allow the booting of another bootloader). LiveCD works but doesn't give me the options that I've seen here and as mentioned earlier, only boot recovery only gives me the options as mentioned earlier. Also this fails to load via USB (possibly because HDD comes before USB in the boot order?). Being used to a Windows environment, the Ubuntu (and Linux) environment is a dive at a less than comfortable depth at present (but one I fully intend to get to grips with - especially the commands being more common via Terminal). I very much appreciate the help with this guys.

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  • How Do I interpret HDD S.M.A.R.T Results?

    - by Marty
    My laptop has recently started to become a bit unreliable, and for some reason I started to suspect that my HDD was starting to fail. After a bit of hunting on the internet, I found Ubuntu's Disk Utility in the System menu and ran the long SMART diagnostics from this. However, since the documentation for Disk Utility is very poor (palimpsest?), I'm not sure how to interpret the results: For example, the Read Error Rate is over 50 million (!), yet the Assessment is rated "Good". So would someone mind explaining to me how to interpret the results of these tests (especially the Normalized, Worst, Threshold and Value numbers)? And maybe tell me what they think of the results I got for my HDD? (Thanks)

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  • grub problem after grub-repair

    - by alireza
    I had two OS,win 7 and Ubuntu, I was working with win and went out of the room and when came back I saw Grub Rescue!!! I booted live and did grub_repaire and it still says multiple active partitions.operating system not found I feel that it can not find the ubuntu hard drive at all! ! ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xde771741 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 61 61 0 0 Empty /dev/sda2 2048 30146559 15072256 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sda3 * 30146560 30351359 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 30351360 334483299 152065970 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ ls autofs dvdrw loop4 ppp ram5 shm tty15 tty29 tty42 tty56 ttyS10 ttyS24 uinput vcsa1 block ecryptfs loop5 psaux ram6 snapshot tty16 tty3 tty43 tty57 ttyS11 ttyS25 urandom vcsa2 bsg fb0 loop6 ptmx ram7 snd tty17 tty30 tty44 tty58 ttyS12 ttyS26 usbmon0 vcsa3 btrfs-control fd loop7 pts ram8 sr0 tty18 tty31 tty45 tty59 ttyS13 ttyS27 usbmon1 vcsa4 bus full loop-control ram0 ram9 stderr tty19 tty32 tty46 tty6 ttyS14 ttyS28 usbmon2 vcsa5 cdrom fuse mapper ram1 random stdin tty2 tty33 tty47 tty60 ttyS15 ttyS29 v4l vcsa6 cdrw fw0 mcelog ram10 rfkill stdout tty20 tty34 tty48 tty61 ttyS16 ttyS3 vcs vcsa7 char hpet mei ram11 rtc tty tty21 tty35 tty49 tty62 ttyS17 ttyS30 vcs1 vga_arbiter console input mem ram12 rtc0 tty0 tty22 tty36 tty5 tty63 ttyS18 ttyS31 vcs2 video0 core kmsg net ram13 sda tty1 tty23 tty37 tty50 tty7 ttyS19 ttyS4 vcs3 zero cpu log network_latency ram14 sda2 tty10 tty24 tty38 tty51 tty8 ttyS2 ttyS5 vcs4 cpu_dma_latency loop0 network_throughput ram15 sda3 tty11 tty25 tty39 tty52 tty9 ttyS20 ttyS6 vcs5 disk loop1 null ram2 sda4 tty12 tty26 tty4 tty53 ttyprintk ttyS21 ttyS7 vcs6 dri loop2 oldmem ram3 sg0 tty13 tty27 tty40 tty54 ttyS0 ttyS22 ttyS8 vcs7 dvd loop3 port ram4 sg1 tty14 tty28 tty41 tty55 ttyS1 ttyS23 ttyS9 vcsa ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ someone said { Remove the boot flag from sda1, by typing in a terminal: sudo fdisk /dev/sda1 Then press the 'a' key, and 'Enter'. Then press the '1' key, and 'Enter'. Then press the 'w' key, and 'Enter'. } but after grub-repair I got this log: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1371297/ then I try sudo fdisk /dev/sda1 and But It says unable to open /dev/sda1! which is right as sda1 is not in dev folder (look at the picture!) Can anybody help me? I need to work on my windows for the rest of the semester and don't care of my ubuntu. thank you

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  • Postfix and tmpfs for /var/spool

    - by Rob Fisher
    My main disk is an SSD so in order to preserve its lifetime by reducing writes I followed some advice and made /var/spool a ram disk by adding this line to /etc/fstab: tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 Later I configured postfix because I have a RAID array on my system and mdadm wants to send me email if the RAID array fails which sounds like a fine idea. Email sending worked fine until I rebooted, at which point: postfix: fatal: open /etc/postfix-out/main.cf: No such file or directory The fix for this is apparently: mkdir /var/spool/postfix postfix check Then I found I also had to do: mkfifo /var/spool/postfix/public/pickup service postfix restart Now sending emails works fine...until the next reboot. So: what is the most correct way to recreate the contents of /var/spool/postfix automatically at boot time if it does not exist? I am using Ubuntu Server 12.04.

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  • How can one unlock a fully encrypted Ubuntu 11.10 system over SSH at boot?

    - by Jeff
    In previous versions of Ubuntu, and current versions of Debian, you can unlock a fully encrypted system (using dmcrypt and LUKS) at boot time over SSH. It was as easy as: Installing the encrypted system using the Ubuntu alternate installer disk or normal Debian installer disk and choosing to encrypt the system. After the system is installed, adding the dropbear and busybox packages. Updating the initram-fs to authorize your ssh key. At boot time, you'd just ssh to the machine, and do: echo -ne "keyphrase" > /lib/cryptsetup/passfifo The machine would then unlock and boot the encrypted system. Using the exact same steps on Ubuntu 11.10, I can ssh to the machine, but /lib/cryptsetup/passfifo doesn't exist. There appears to be no way to unlock the system over ssh. I'm not sure where to look to see if this functionality changed or if it was removed.

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  • Tuning Red Gate: #2 of Many

    - by Grant Fritchey
    In the last installment, I used the SQL Monitor tool to get a snapshot view of the current state of the servers at Red Gate that are giving us trouble. That snapshot suggested some areas where I should focus some time, primarily in which queries were being called most frequently or were running the longest. But, you don't want to just run off & start tuning queries. Remember, the foundation for query tuning is the server itself. So, I want to be sure I'm not looking at some major hardware or configuration issues that I need to address first. Rather than look at the current status of the server, I'm going to look at historical data. Clicking on the Analysis tab of SQL Monitor I get a whole list of counters that I can look at. More importantly, I can look at them over a period of time. Even more importantly, I can compare past periods with current periods to see if we're looking at a progressive issue or not. There are counters here that will give me an indication of load, and there are counters here that will tell me specifics about that load. First, I want to just look at the load to understand where the pain points might be. Trying to drill down before you have detailed information is just bad planning. First thing I'm going to check is the CPU, just to see what's up there. I have two servers I'm interested in, so I'll show you both: Looking at the last 30 days for both servers, well, let's just say that the first server is about what I would expect. It has an average baseline behavior with occasional, regular, peaks. This looks like a system with a fairly steady & predictable load that probably has a nightly batch process that spikes the processor. In short, normal stuff. The points there where the CPU drops radically. that might be worth investigating further because something changed the processing on this system a lot. But the first server. It's all over the place. There's no steady CPU behavior at all. It's spike high for long periods of time. It's up, it's down. I'm really going to have to spend time looking at CPU issues on this server to try to figure out what's up. It might be other processes being shared on the server, it might be something else. Either way, I'm going to have to spend time evaluating this CPU, especially those peeks about a week ago. Looking at the Pages/sec, again, just a measure of load, I see that there are some peaks on the rg-sql02 server, but over all, it looks like a fairly standard load. Plus, the peaks are only up to 550 pages/sec. Remember, this isn't a performance measure, but just a load measurement, but from this, I don't think we're looking at major memory issues, but I may want to correlate these counters with the CPU counters. Again, the other server looks like there's stuff going on. The load is not at all consistent. In fact there was a point earlier in the year that looks pretty severe. Plus the spikes here are twice the size of the other system. We've got a lot more load going on here and I will probably need to drill down on memory usage on this server. Taking a look at the disk transfers/sec the load on both systems seems to roughly correspond to the other load indicators. Notice that drop right in the middle of the graph for rg-sql02. I wonder if the office was closed over that period or a system was down for maintenance. If I saw spikes in memory or disk that corresponded to the drip in CPU, you can assume something was using those other resources and causing a drop, but when everything goes down, it just means that the system isn't gettting used. The disk on the rg-sql01 system isn't spiking exactly the same way as the memory & cpu, so there's a good chance (chance mind you) that any performance issues might not be disk related. However, notice that huge jump at the beginning of the month. Several disks were used more than they were for the rest of the month. That's the load on the server. What about the load on SQL Server itself? Next time.

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  • Can't boot Ubuntu 12.04

    - by carlo
    I installed 12.04 on my windows vista laptop. I wanted to make run Ubuntu and ditch windows. I selected to delete disk and install 12.04. It won't let boot 12.04 with out the install disk. When I turn on my laptop now it goes to a black screen with a blinking cursor. I have to power off then insert Ubuntu 12.04 cd as if it wants me to reinstall. I checked the drive and Ubuntu is there with some of my other saves as well. Can someone help me please?

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  • Remote install of Ubuntu Server

    - by David Walker
    Hi all, I have a machine located 500 miles away that's running Ubuntu 8.04. I figure it's just about time that I upgrade to the latest LTS. However, there's a software raid (md_raid) in there, and I'm afraid that just a dist-upgrade when I switch over the sources.list will end with catastrophic failure. Like a panic on boot that the raid'd disk can't be read, or something else. First, hoping that's not the case, however, if it ends up happening I'm wondering if there's a means of having someone drop in a Ubuntu 10.04 server install disk, and flip on ssh, and some means for me to hop on and re-run the installer remotely. Is this feasible? If so, what would one need to do aside run apt-get install ssh on the target machine? I do have friends who can be in front of the target machine to initiate the process, just not execute it out.

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