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  • python multiprocessing.Process.Manager not producing consistent results?

    - by COpython
    I've written the following code to illustrate the problem I'm seeing. I'm trying to use a Process.Manager.list() to keep track of a list and increment random indices of that list. Each time there are 100 processes spawned, and each process increments a random index of the list by 1. Therefore, one would expect the SUM of the resulting list to be the same each time, correct? I get something between 203 and 205. from multiprocessing import Process, Manager import random class MyProc(Process): def __init__(self, A): Process.__init__(self) self.A = A def run(self): i = random.randint(0, len(self.A)-1) self.A[i] = self.A[i] + 1 if __name__ == '__main__': procs = [] M = Manager() a = M.list(range(15)) print('A: {0}'.format(a)) print('sum(A) = {0}'.format(sum(a))) for i in range(100): procs.append(MyProc(a)) map(lambda x: x.start(), procs) map(lambda x: x.join(), procs) print('A: {0}'.format(a)) print('sum(A) = {0}'.format(sum(a)))

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  • Python: Lits containg tuples and long int.

    - by Yasmin
    I have a list containing a tuples and long integers the list looks like this: table = [(1L,), (1L,), (1L,), (2L,), (2L,), (2L,), (3L,), (3L,)] How do i convert the table to look like a formal list? so the output would be: table = ['1','1','1','2','2','2','3','3'] For information purposes the data was obtained from a mysql database.

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  • Number of elements in Python Set

    - by Tim
    I have a list of phone numbers that have been dialed (nums_dialed). I also have a set of phone numbers which are the number in a client's office (client_nums) How do I efficiently figure out how many times I've called a particular client (total) For example: >>>nums_dialed=[1,2,2,3,3] >>>client_nums=set([2,3]) >>>??? total=4 Problem is that I have a large-ish dataset: len(client_nums) ~ 10^5; and len(nums_dialed) ~10^3.

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  • Surface Area of a Spheroid in Python

    - by user3678321
    I'm trying to write a function that calculates the surface area of a prolate or oblate spheroid. Here's a link to where I got the formulas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolate_spheroid & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblate_spheroid). I think I've written them wrong, but here is my code so far; from math import pi, sqrt, asin, degrees, tanh def checkio(height, width): height = float(height) width = float(width) lst = [] if height == width: r = 0.5 * width surface_area = 4 * pi * r**2 surface_area = round(surface_area, 2) lst.append(surface_area) elif height > width: #If spheroid is prolate a = 0.5 * width b = 0.5 * height e = 1 - a / b surface_area = 2 * pi * a**2 * (1 + b / a * e * degrees(asin**-1(e))) surface_area = round(surface_area, 2) lst.append(surface_area) elif height < width: #If spheroid is oblate a = 0.5 * height b = 0.5 * width e = 1 - b / a surface_area = 2 * pi * a**2 * (1 + 1 - e**2 / e * tanh**-1(e)) surface_area = round(surface_area, 2) lst.append(surface_area, 2) return lst

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  • Using Python, How to copy files in 'temporary internet files' folder in Windows

    - by pythBegin
    I am using this code to find files recursively in a folder , with size greater than 50000 bytes. def listall(parent): lis=[] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(parent): for name in files: if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: lis.append(os.path.join(root,name)) return lis This is working fine. But when I used this on 'temporary internet files' folder in windows, am getting this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module> listall(a) File "<pyshell#2>", line 5, in listall if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: File "C:\Python26\lib\genericpath.py", line 49, in getsize return os.stat(filename).st_size WindowsError: [Error 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\khedarnatha\\Local Settings\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.IE5\\EDS8C2V7\\??????+1[1].jpg' I think this is because windows gives names with special characters in this specific folder... Please help to sort out this issue.

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  • Python OpenGL Can't Redraw Scene

    - by RobbR
    I'm getting started with OpenGL and shaders using GLUT and PyOpenGL. I can draw a basic scene but for some reason I can't get it to update. E.g. any changes I make during idle(), display(), or reshape() are not reflected. Here are the methods: def display(self): glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() glUseProgram(self.shader_program) self.m_vbo.bind() glEnableClientState( GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ) glVertexPointerf(self.m_vbo) glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, len(self.m_vbo)) glutSwapBuffers() glutReportErrors() def idle(self): test_change += .1 self.m_vbo = vbo.VBO( array([ [ test_change, 1, 0 ], # triangle [ -1,-1, 0 ], [ 1,-1, 0 ], [ 2,-1, 0 ], # square [ 4,-1, 0 ], [ 4, 1, 0 ], [ 2,-1, 0 ], [ 4, 1, 0 ], [ 2, 1, 0 ], ],'f') ) glutPostRedisplay() def begin(self): glutInit() glutInitWindowSize(400, 400) glutCreateWindow("Simple OpenGL") glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB) glutDisplayFunc(self.display) glutReshapeFunc(self.reshape) glutMouseFunc(self.mouse) glutMotionFunc(self.motion) glutIdleFunc(self.idle) self.define_shaders() glutMainLoop() I'd like to implement a time step in idle() but even basic changes to the vertices or tranlastions and rotations on the MODELVIEW matrix don't display. It just puts up the initial state and does not update. Am I missing something?

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  • Including non-Python files with setup.py

    - by cool-RR
    How do I make setup.py include a file that isn't part of the code? (Specifically, it's a license file, but it could be any other thing.) I want to be able to control the location of the file. In the original source folder, the file is in the root of the package. (i.e. on the same level as the topmost __init__.py.) I want it to stay exactly there when the package is installed, regardless of operating system. How do I do that?

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  • Help with authorization and redirection decorator in python (pylons)

    - by ensnare
    I'm trying to write a simple decorator to check the authentication of a user, and to redirect to the login page if s/he is not authenticated: def authenticate(f): try: if user['authenticated'] is True: return f except: redirect_to(controller='login', action='index') class IndexController(BaseController): @authenticate def index(self): return render('/index.mako' ) But this approach doesn't work. When a user is authenticated, everything is fine. But when the user is not authenticated, redirect_to() doesn't work and I am given this error: HTTPFound: 302 Found Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 0 location: /login Thank for your help!

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  • Python Tkinter after loop not working fast enough

    - by user2658538
    I am making a simple metronome where it plays a tick sound every few milliseconds depending on the bpm and plays the sound using the winsound module. I use tkinter because there will be a gui component later but for now the metronome code is working, it plays the sound at a constant rate, but even though I set the after loop to play the sound every few milliseconds, it waits longer and the beat is slower than it should be. Is it a problem with the code or a problem with the way I calculate the time? Thanks. Here is my code. from Tkinter import * import winsound,time,threading root=Tk() c=Canvas(root) c.pack() class metronome(): def __init__(self,root,canvas,tempo=100): self.root=root self.root.bind("<1>",self.stop) self.c=canvas self.thread=threading.Thread(target=self.play) self.thread.daemon=True self.pause=False self.tempo=tempo/60.0 self.tempo=1.0/self.tempo self.tempo*=1000 def play(self): winsound.PlaySound("tick.wav",winsound.SND_FILENAME) self.sound=self.c.after(int(self.tempo),self.play) def stop(self,e): self.c.after_cancel(self.sound) beat=metronome(root,c,120) beat.thread.start() root.mainloop()

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  • python tarfile adding files without directory hiearchy

    - by theactiveactor
    When I invoke add() on a tarfile object with a file path, the file is added to the tarball with directory hiearchy associated .In other words, if I unzip the tarfile the directories in the original dir hiearchy are reproduced. Is there a way to simply add a plainfile without directory info that untarring the resulting tarball produce a flat list of files?

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  • How to lazy load a data structure (python)

    - by Anton Geraschenko
    I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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  • Python: combine two neighbor list components

    - by kame
    When i use this code I get elements wich containing one number or letter. How to combine two neighbors? data = '4D41544C414220352E30204D41542D66696C652C20506C6174666F726D3A20504357494E2C2043726561746564206F6E3A20576564204D61792030352031363A31393A3337203230313020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200001494D0F00000026000000789CE36360607000623620E680D220C00AE53343312310BA00692620E604F351010025BE00C8' data2 = list(data) print data2

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  • Python unittest: Generate multiple tests programmatically?

    - by Rosarch
    I have a function to test, under_test, and a set of expected input/output pairs: [ (2, 332), (234, 99213), (9, 3), # ... ] I would like each one of these input/output pairs to be tested in its own test_* method. Is that possible? This is sort of what I want, but forcing every single input/output pair into a single test: class TestPreReqs(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.expected_pairs = [(23, 55), (4, 32)] def test_expected(self): for exp in self.expected_pairs: self.assertEqual(under_test(exp[0]), exp[1]) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()

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  • Python: NameError: 'self' is not defined

    - by Rosarch
    I must be doing something stupid. I'm running this in Google App Engine: def render(self, template_name, template_data): path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static/templates/%s.html' % template_name) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_data)) This gives an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3192, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3135, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 516, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2394, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2304, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2200, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.__dict__ File "main.py", line 22, in <module> class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): File "main.py", line 38, in MainHandler self.writeOut(template.render(path, template_data)) NameError: name 'self' is not defined What am I doing wrong?

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  • EOF error using recv in python

    - by tipu
    I am doing this in my code, HOST = '192.168.1.3' PORT = 50007 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((HOST, PORT)) query_details = {"page" : page, "query" : query, "type" : type} s.send(str(query_details)) #data = eval(pickle.loads(s.recv(4096))) data = s.recv(16384) But I am continually getting EOF at the last line. The code I am sending with, self.request.send(pickle.dumps(results))

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  • new to lists on python

    - by user1762229
    This is my current code: while True: try: mylist = [0] * 7 for x in range(7): sales = float(input("Sales for day:")) mylist[x] = sales if sales < 0: print ("Sorry,invalid. Try again.") except: print ("Sorry, invalid. Try again.") else: break print (mylist) best = max(sales) worst = min(sales) print ("Your best day had", best, "in sales.") print ("Your worst day had", worst, "in sales.") When I run it I get this: Sales for day:-5 Sorry,invalid. Try again. Sales for day:-6 Sorry,invalid. Try again. Sales for day:-7 Sorry,invalid. Try again. Sales for day:-8 Sorry,invalid. Try again. Sales for day:-9 Sorry,invalid. Try again. Sales for day:-2 Sorry,invalid. Try again. Sales for day:-5 Sorry,invalid. Try again. [-5.0, -6.0, -7.0, -8.0, -9.0, -2.0, -5.0] Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:/Users/Si Hong/Desktop/HuangSiHong_assign9_part.py", line 45, in <module> best = max(sales) TypeError: 'float' object is not iterable I am not quite sure how to code it so that, the lists do NOT take in negative values, because I only want values 0 or greater. I am not sure how to solve the TypeError issue so that the min and max values will print as in my code My last issue is, if I want to find the average value of the seven inputs that an user puts in, how should I go about this in pulling the values out of the lists Thank you so much

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  • Accessing items from a dictionary using pickle efficiently in Python

    - by user248237
    I have a large dictionary mapping keys (which are strings) to objects. I pickled this large dictionary and at certain times I want to pull out only a handful of entries from it. The dictionary has usually thousands of entries total. When I load the dictionary using pickle, as follows: from cPickle import * # my dictionary from pickle, containing thousands of entries mydict = open(load('mypickle.pickle')) # accessing only handful of entries here for entry in relevant_entries: # find relevant entry value = mydict[entry] I notice that it can take up to 3-4 seconds to load the entire pickle, which I don't need, since I access only a tiny subset of the dictionary entries later on (shown above.) How can I make it so pickle only loads those entries that I have from the dictionary, to make this faster? Thanks.

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  • Python Terminated Thread Cannot Restart

    - by Mel Kaye
    Hello, I have a thread that gets executed when some action occurs. Given the logic of the program, the thread cannot possibly be started while another instance of it is still running. Yet when I call it a second time, I get a "RuntimeError: thread already started" error. I added a check to see if it is actually alive using the Thread.is_alive() function, and it is actually dead. What am I doing wrong? I can provide more details as are needed.

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  • Error when feeding a mysql db with a python-parsed data

    - by Barnabe
    I use this bit of code to feed some data i have parsed from a web page to a mysql database c=db.cursor() c.executemany( """INSERT INTO data (SID, Time, Value1, Level1, Value2, Level2, Value3, Level3, Value4, Level4, Value5, Level5, ObsDate) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)""", clean_data ) The parsed data looks like this (there are several hundred such lines) clean_data = [(161,00:00:00,8.19,1,4.46,4,7.87,4,6.54,null,4.45,6,2010-04-12),(162,00:00:00,7.55,1,9.52,1,1.90,1,4.76,null,0.14,1,2010-04-12),(164,00:00:00,8.01,1,8.09,1,0,null,8.49,null,0.20,2,2010-04-12),(166,00:00:00,8.30,1,4.77,4,10.99,5,9.11,null,0.36,2,2010-04-12)] if i hard code the data as above mySQL accepts my request (except for some quibbles about formatting) but if the variable clean_data is instead defined as the result of the parsing code, like this: cleaner = [(""" $!!'""", ')]'),(' $!!', ') etc etc] def processThis(str,lst): for find, replace in lst: str = str.replace(find, replace) return str clean_data = processThis(data,cleaner) then i get the dreaded "TypeError: not enough arguments for format string" After playing with formatting options for a few hours (I am very new to this) I am confused... what is the difference between the hard coded data and the result of the processThis function as fas as mySQL is concerned? Any idea greatly appreciated...

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  • Python - Removing duplicates from a string

    - by Daniel
    def remove_duplicates(strng): """ Returns a string which is the same as the argument except only the first occurrence of each letter is present. Upper and lower case letters are treated as different. Only duplicate letters are removed, other characters such as spaces or numbers are not changed. >>> remove_duplicates('apple') 'aple' >>> remove_duplicates('Mississippi') 'Misp' >>> remove_duplicates('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog') 'The quick brown fx jmps v t lazy dg' >>> remove_duplicates('121 balloons 2 u') '121 balons 2 u' """ s = strng.split() return strng.replace(s[0],"") Writing a function to get rid of duplicate letters but so far have been playing around for an hour and can't get anything. Help would be appreciated, thanks.

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  • Python matching some characters into a string

    - by roaksoax
    Hi All I'm trying to extract/match data from a string using regular expression but I don't seem to get it. I wan't to extract the highlighted characters from the following string: /xubuntu/daily/current/lucid-alternate-**i386**.iso This should also work in case of: /xubuntu/daily/current/lucid-alternate-**amd64**.iso Thanks a lot for your help.

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