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  • In MVC, why can't a model create a view?

    - by MUY Belgium
    I have a web application written in Perl with a controller, some "views" and some "Models". Each "Model" is corresponding to one "View". The controller (one file) creates an Model object corresponding to each view (view is a CGI argument) then retrieve the view from the module it has just created. Indeed, this should be bad thing but can you argue a bit more about it. My first idea was that since the object "Model" depends upon the "view", then the "model" is actually a view. But also the fact that ALL the cgi parameters are passed to the Model causes the "Model" to become not truelly a view but to loose all interest, since it is only related to the current implementation of the web apps. On other words, that the "Model" keep model but loose its "comprehensiveness" ("Model" is not easily understandable). I'm am quite new in project analysis, so please do not be too harsh. Why is this bad? I have made a prototype with the main structures I have understood of this web application, made as short as possible. #Model.pm package Model; import { # this requires an attribute called "view" # and this require an argument which is the cgi params } ... #View1.pm package View1; ... #Model1.pm package ModelView1 ; base Model; use View1; sub new { my $class = shift; my $arg = shift; Model::DoSomething($arg); $self->view = new View1($arg); ... } #controller.cgi my $model = 0; ... $model = new Model1( cgi_param => params() ); #there is severall models here ... print $model->get_view()->get_html();

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  • Why isn't my other two constant buffers being updated to the shader?

    - by Paul Ske
    I posted previously before about my two dynamic buffers not being dynamically updating the constant shader. The tessellation buffer isn't working because I have to manually update the tessellation factor inside the hull shader. I believe the camera position isn't updating either because when I perform distance adaptation the far edges are more tessellated then the what's truly in front of the camera. I have all the buffers set to dynamic. Inside the render loop I have them set as: ID3D11Buffer *multiBuffers[3]; devcon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0,3,multiBuffers); ... devcon->DSSetConstantBuffers(0,3,multiBuffers); I only got that from a directX Sample. Inside the shader file I have the three cbuffer structs. cbuffer ConstantBuffer { float4x4 WorldMatrix; float4x4 viewMatrix; float4x4 projectionMatrix; float4x4 modelWorldMatrix; // the rotation matrix float3 lightvec; // the light's vector float4 lightcol; // the light's color float4 ambientcol; // the ambient light's color bool isSelected; } cbuffer cameraBuffer { float3 cameraDirection; float padding; } cbuffer TessellationBuffer { float tessellationAmount; float3 padding2; } Am I missing something or would anyone know why wouldn't my buffers update to the shader file?

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  • Why is Python used for high-performance/scientific computing (but Ruby isn't)?

    - by Cyclops
    There's a quote from a PyCon 2011 talk that goes: At least in our shop (Argonne National Laboratory) we have three accepted languages for scientific computing. In this order they are C/C++, Fortran in all its dialects, and Python. You’ll notice the absolute and total lack of Ruby, Perl, Java. It was in the more general context of high-performance computing. Granted the quote is only from one shop, but another question about languages for HPC, also lists Python as one to learn (and not Ruby). Now, I can understand C/C++ and Fortran being used in that problem-space (and Perl/Java not being used). But I'm surprised that there would be a major difference in Python and Ruby use for HPC, given that they are fairly similar. (Note - I'm a fan of Python, but have nothing against Ruby). Is there some specific reason why the one language took off? Is it about the libraries available? Some specific language features? The community? Or maybe just historical contigency, and it could have gone the other way?

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  • Why is quicksort better than other sorting algorithms in practice?

    - by Raphael
    This is a repost of a question on cs.SE by Janoma. Full credits and spoils to him or cs.SE. In a standard algorithms course we are taught that quicksort is O(n log n) on average and O(n²) in the worst case. At the same time, other sorting algorithms are studied which are O(n log n) in the worst case (like mergesort and heapsort), and even linear time in the best case (like bubblesort) but with some additional needs of memory. After a quick glance at some more running times it is natural to say that quicksort should not be as efficient as others. Also, consider that students learn in basic programming courses that recursion is not really good in general because it could use too much memory, etc. Therefore (and even though this is not a real argument), this gives the idea that quicksort might not be really good because it is a recursive algorithm. Why, then, does quicksort outperform other sorting algorithms in practice? Does it have to do with the structure of real-world data? Does it have to do with the way memory works in computers? I know that some memories are way faster than others, but I don't know if that's the real reason for this counter-intuitive performance (when compared to theoretical estimates).

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  • Why am I getting this error while installing gnome?

    - by Sreehari Rajendran
    i have raring ringtail. I installed gnome a couple days ago. I try to install extensions but the site says I don't have the latest version. I type the command sudo apt-get install gnome-shell and I get this error Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done gnome-shell is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 138 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up initramfs-tools (0.103ubuntu0.7) ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-25-generic cp: cannot stat ‘/module-files.d/libpango1.0-0.modules’: No such file or directory cp: cannot stat ‘/modules/pango-basic-fc.so’: No such file or directory E: /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/plymouth failed with return 1. update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-25-generic with 1. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) why?

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  • Why is a software development life-cycle so inefficient?

    - by user87166
    Currently the software development lifecycle followed in the IT company I work at is: The "Business" works with a solution manager to build a Business Requirement document The solution manager works with the Program manager to build a Functional Spec The PM works with the engineering lead to develop a release plan and with the engineering team to develop technical specifications If there are any clarifications required, developers contact the PM who contacts the solution manager who contacts the business and all the way back introducing a latency of nearly 24 hours and massive email chains for any clarifications By the time the tech spec is made, nearly 1 month has passed in back and forth Now, 2 weeks go to development while the test writes test cases Code is dropped formally to test, test starts raising bugs. Even if there is 1 root cause for 10 different issues, and its an easily fixed one, developers are not allowed to give fresh code to test for the next 1 week. After 2-3 such drops to test the code is given to the ops team as a "golden drop" ( 2 months passed from the beginning) Ops team will now deploy the code in a staging environment. If it runs stable for a week, it will be promoted to UAT and after 2 weeks of that it will be promoted to prod. If there are any bugs found here, well, applying for a visa requires less paperwork This entire process is followed even if a single SSRS report is to be released. How do other companies process such requirements? I'm wondering why, the business cannot just drop the requirements to developers, developers build and deploy to UAT themselves, expose it to the business who raise functional bugs and after fixing those promote to prod. (even for more complex stuff)

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  • Why does there seem to be a lot of fear in choosing the "wrong" language to learn?

    - by Shewbox
    Perhaps its just me, but as a current CS student I have already come across many questions on this site and elsewhere about not just "Which language should I use for x?" but also "Does anyone still use language Y?" My first CS class was taught in Scheme, which, if I'm not mistaken, isn't used widely (at least in comparison to languages like Java, PHP, Python, etc). Many of my classmates balked at the idea of having to learn a language they would never have to use again, but I don't quite understand where so much of this fear of learning less popular languages comes from. No, I may not use Scheme in any job I get, but I certainly don't regret having learned to use it (albeit in a very beginner, not very in-depth manner in that one semester). I am taking a search engines class this semester, which is done in Perl and again I am seeing classmates complaining about the language choice. I can understand having a favorite language and disliking others but why do some get worked up over learning it in the first place? Can you really learn the "wrong" language? Isn't learning something like Scheme or Haskell good mental exercise if nothing else, and useful at least to exposure to different ways of solving problems?

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  • Why would he say "We don't want to support MVC3"?

    - by MadBurn
    I work in a small shop at a fairly big company doing intranet web applications. By small, I mean there is 1 other guy in my position... and he graduated with me last December. (we aren't the only IT, but the only ones in our field) We are switching out an old COBOL system and converting it's only used application suite to a Web App. My company has contracted to a Web Application firm to help with this process who has chosen ASP.NET MVC, during one of the important meetings I asked if they will be using MVC2 or MVC3. Their lead developer said: "MVC2, we don't want to support MVC3. haha" My question is, why is this? This was several months ago and I've been doing extensive and self training gearing up for the MVC switch. From everything I am understanding, MVC3 is just like MVC2 if you don't use Razor and it fixes a number of smaller bugs that MVC2 had. So in my eyes, I can't see any reason to NOT use MCV3. There has to be something I'm missing. Since I don't really have any mentors to turn to in the real world, I'm coming here. What problems are there with MVC3 that might possibly lead him to say this that I'm missing?

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  • why are transaction monitors on decline? or are they?

    - by mrkafk
    http://www.itjobswatch.co.uk/jobs/uk/cics.do http://www.itjobswatch.co.uk/jobs/uk/tuxedo.do Look at the demand for programmers (% of job ads that the keyword appears), first graph under the table. It seems like demand for CICS, Tuxedo has fallen from 2.5%/1% respectively to almost zero. To me, it seems bizarre: now we have more networked and internet enabled machines than ever before. And most of them are talking to some kind of database. So it would seem that use of products whose developers spent last 20-30 years working on distributing and coordinating and optimizing transactions should be on the rise. And it appears they're not. I can see a few causes but can't tell whether they are true: we forgot that concurrency and distribution are really hard, and redoing it all by ourselves, in Java, badly. Erlang killed them all. Projects nowadays have changed character, like most business software has already been built and we're all doing internet services, using stuff like Node.js, Erlang, Haskell. (I've used RabbitMQ which is written in Erlang, "but it was small specialized side project" kind of thing). BigData is the emphasis now and BigData doesn't need transactions very much (?). None of those explanations seem particularly convincing to me, which is why I'm looking for better one. Anyone?

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  • Why isn't one of the constant buffers being loaded inside the shader?

    - by Paul Ske
    I however got the model to load under tessellation; only problem is that one of the constant buffers aren't actually updating the shader's tessellation factor inside the hullshader. I created a messagebox at the rendering point so I know for sure the tessellation factor is assigned to the dynamic constant buffer. Inside the shader code where it says .Edges[1] = tessellationAmount; the tessellationAmount is suppose to be sent from the dynamic buffer to the shader. Otherwise it's just a plain box. In better explanation; there's a matrixBuffer, cameraBuffer, TessellationBuffer for constant. There's a multiBuffer array that assigns the matrix, camera, tesselation. So, when I set the Hull Shader, PixelShader, VertexShader, DomainShader it gets assigned by the multibuffer. E.G. devcon-HSSetConstantBuffers(0,3,multibuffer); The only way around the whole ideal would be to go in the shader and change how much the edges tessellate and inside the edges as well with the same number. My question is why wouldn't the tessellationBuffer not work in the shader?

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  • Why does Scala require functions to have explicit return type?

    - by garbage collection
    I recently began learning to program in Scala, and it's been fun so far. I really like the ability to declare functions within another function which just seems to intuitive thing to do. One pet peeve I have about Scala is the fact that Scala requires explicit return type in its functions. And I feel like this hinders on expressiveness of the language. Also it's just difficult to program with that requirement. Maybe it's because I come from Javascript and Ruby comfort zone. But for a language like Scala which will have tons of connected functions in an application, I cannot conceive how I brainstorm in my head exactly what type the particular function I am writing should return with recursions after recursions. This requirement of explicit return type declaration on functions, do not bother me for languages like Java and C++. Recursions in Java and C++, when they did happen, often were dealt with 2 to 3 functions max. Never several functions chained up together like Scala. So I guess I'm wondering if there is a good reason why Scala should have the requirement of functions having explicit return type?

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  • Why choose an established CMS as opposed to building one from scratch?

    - by SkonJeet
    A lot of my research over the next few weeks will be into different CMS's. I've already had a brief look at episerver and umbraco. While reading into these systems I can't help but think that providing content management features are achievable without learning the details and structure of many of these (rather large) CMS platforms. I have, in the past, been given projects whereby my role as a developer must be kept separate to that of an editor (makes sense). i.e. It was my task to develop the design and functionality of the site and my clients' job to update the content. I've achieved this by also implementing a sort of 'portal' on which there were a couple of pages that would accept text input and picture uploads etc. (basically, whatever content they wanted), record this new content to the database and then by design the code-behind would read all this from the database into relevant controls (repeaters for example). For me, this has been an effective enough way of my clients managing the content to deploy with my solutions. I know that I am wrong - and that CMS's are preferable to those that are built from the ground up - but other than the matter of cost, why?

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  • Why does Ubuntu 12.10 Beta2 insist on commiting changes to the partition table?

    - by Uten
    Why does Ubuntu 12.10 Beta2 insist on commiting changes to the partition table even as no real changes has been done? This is a show stopper for me as I'm installing without a CD/DVD ROM. This is how I go about it. I downloaded the iso image and extracted vmlinuz and initrd.lz to the same folder I keep the iso image. Configured grub (0.9x) to boot /ubuntu/vmlinuz with the iso image like this: title ubuntu live-cd kernel /ubuntu/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu/ubuntu-12.10-beta2-desktop-i386.iso ro quiet splash initrd /ubuntu/initrd.lz boot This works well and I get a running livecd session. The iso image is mounted on /isomedia (or something similar). The spare HD space where I want to install Ubuntu is in the logical area (at the wery end of the disk). I have tried both to use the space as empty and preformated with ext4. After selecting the partition and selecting "use as ext4" and selecting a mountpoint (/) I get the message: "The installer needs to commit changes to partition tables, but cannot do so because partitions on the following mount points could not be unmounted" "/isomedia" (or something similar). Is this a "feature" of the installer? To insist that everything is unmounted even if no changes is nescesary (as fare as I understand). It's probably a safety feature but is it needed? I have cahnged layouts with parted and gparted (at the end of the disk) for years without any failures. I understand that booting the iso image like this is not the common way. But it is just such a beautifull way of doing it when you hav a running system and want to play with another. Any one had any success installing Ubuntu (12.10 beta2 ) like this? Best regards Uten

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  • NTUSER.DAT and UsrClass.dat files building up by the thousands, why and can I delete?

    - by Anthony
    I've noticed that my web server, 2008 Xen VM, gradually loosing free space - more than I would of though from normal use and decided to investigate. There are two problem areas: *C:\Users\Administrator\ (6,755.0 MB)* with files: NTUSER.DAT{randomness}.TMContainer'0000 randomness'.regtrans-ms NTUSER.DAT{randomness}.TM.blf AND C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\ (6,743.8 MB) with files UsrClass.dat{randomness}.TMContainer'0000 randomness'.regtrans-ms UsrClass.dat{randomness}.TM.blf From what I understand these are in-time backups of registry changes. If that is the case I cannot possibly understand why there would be 10000+ changes. (That's how many files there are per folder location, over 20,000 per folder in total.) The files are using almost 15GB of space and I want rid of them, I'm just wondering can I remove them. However, I need to understand why they are being created so I can avoid this in the future. Any ideas why there would be so many? Is there a way I can check to see what is making the modifications? Are they created with login attempts? Are they created in relation to every day Web Server use? etc. and so on

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  • Where do these mysterious DNS lookups come from and why are they slow?

    - by Hongli
    I have recently obtained a new dedicated server which I'm now setting up. It's running on 64-bit Debian 6.0. I have cloned a fairly large git repository (177 MB including working files) onto this server. Switching to a different branch is very very slow. On my laptop it takes 1-2 seconds, on this server it can take half a minute. After some investigation it turns out to be some kind of DNS timeout. Here's an exhibit from strace -s 128 git checkout release: stat("/etc/resolv.conf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=132, ...}) = 0 socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_IP) = 5 connect(5, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("213.133.99.99")}, 16) = 0 poll([{fd=5, events=POLLOUT}], 1, 0) = 1 ([{fd=5, revents=POLLOUT}]) sendto(5, "\235\333\1\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\35Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal\n\17happyponies\3com\0\0\1\0\1", 67, MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, 0) = 67 poll([{fd=5, events=POLLIN}], 1, 5000) = 0 (Timeout) This snippet repeats several times per 'git checkout' call. My server's hostname was originally Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal. I had changed it to shell.happyponies.com by running hostname shell.happyponies.com, editing /etc/hostname and rebooting the server. I don't understand the DNS protocol, but it looks like Git is trying to lookup the IP for Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal as well as for happyponies.com. Why does Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal come back even though I've already changed the host name? Why does Git perform DNS lookups at all? Why are these lookups so slow? I've already verified that all DNS servers in /etc/resolv.conf are up and responding slowly, yet Git's own lookups time out. Changing the host name back to Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal seems to fix the slowness. Basically I just want to fix whatever DNS issues my server has because I'm sure they will cause more problems that just slowing down git checkout. But I'm not sure sure what the problem exactly is and what these symptoms mean.

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  • GPG - why am I encrypting with subkey instead of primary key?

    - by khedron
    When encrypting a file to send to a collaborator, I see this message: gpg: using subkey XXXX instead of primary key YYYY Why would that be? I've noticed that when they send me an encrypted file, it also appears to be encrypted towards my subkey instead of my primary key. For me, this doesn't appear to be a problem; gpg (1.4.x, macosx) just handles it & moves on. But for them, with their automated tool setup, this seems to be an issue, and they've requested that I be sure to use their primary key. I've tried to do some reading, and I have the Michael Lucas's "GPG & PGP" book on order, but I'm not seeing why there's this distinction. I have read that the key used for signing and the key used for encryption would be different, but I assumed that was about public vs private keys at first. In case it was a trust/validation issue, I went through the process of comparing fingerprints and verifying, yes, I trust this key. While I was doing that, I noticed the primary & subkeys had different "usage" notes: primary: usage: SCA subkey: usage: E "E" seems likely to mean "Encryption". But, I haven't been able to find any documentation on this. Moreover, my collaborator has been using these tools & techniques for some years now, so why would this only be a problem for me?

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  • Why does 64-bit Windows need a separate "Program Files (x86)" folder?

    - by Stephen Jennings
    I know that on a 64-bit version of Windows the "Program Files" folder is for 64-bit programs and the "Program Files (x86)" folder is for 32-bit programs, but why is this even necessary? By "necessary", I don't mean "why could Microsoft not have made any other design decisions?" because of course they could have. Rather, I mean, "why, given the current design of 64-bit Windows, must 32-bit programs have a separate top-level folder from 64-bit programs?" There are plenty of questions on Super User and elsewhere that assert "one is for 32-bit programs, one is for 64-bit programs", but none that I can find give the reason. From my experience, it doesn't seem to matter whether a 32-bit program is installed in the correct place or not. Does Windows somehow present itself differently to a program running out of "Program Files (x86)"? Is there a description that shows exactly what's different for a program installed in "Program Files (x86)" instead of "Program Files"? I think it's unlikely that Microsoft would introduce a new folder without a legitimate technical reason.

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  • Why is /dev/urandom only readable by root since Ubuntu 12.04 and how can I "fix" it?

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    I used to work with Ubuntu 10.04 templates on a lot of servers. Since changing to 12.04 I have problems that I've now isolated. The /dev/urandom device is only accessible to root. This caused SSL engines, at least in PHP, for example file_get_contents(https://... to fail. It also broke redmine. After a chmod 644 it works fine, but that doesnt stay upon reboot. So my question. why is this? I see no security risk because... i mean.. wanna steal some random data? How can I "fix" it? The servers are isolated and used by only one application, thats why I use openvz. I think about something like a runlevel script or so... but how do I do it efficiently? Maby with dpkg or apt? The same goes vor /dev/shm. in this case i totally understand why its not accessible, but I assume I can "fix" it the same way to fix /dev/urandom

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  • Why do I get this file loading exception when trying to draw sprites with libgdx?

    - by BluFire
    I'm having trouble with the "Drawing Images" section on the libgdx tutorial. I set up the documents completely and I typed the code as follows: public class Game implements ApplicationListener { public static final String LOG = Game.class.getSimpleName(); private FPSLogger fpsLogger; private SpriteBatch batch; private Texture texture; private Sprite sprite; private TextureRegion region; //removed irrelevant code for this question... @Override public void render() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("android.png")); region = new TextureRegion(texture, 20, 20, 50, 50); sprite = new Sprite(texture, 20, 20, 50, 50); sprite.setPosition(10, 10); sprite.setRotation(45); Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0f, 1f, 0f, 1f); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batch.begin(); batch.draw(texture,10,10); batch.draw(region,10,10); sprite.draw(batch); batch.end(); // output the current FPS fpsLogger.log(); } } I went through the tutorial on the website but when I run the code I get errors: Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load file: android.png at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:137) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.FileTextureData.prepare(FileTextureData.java:55) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.load(Texture.java:175) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.create(Texture.java:159) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.<init>(Texture.java:133) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.<init>(Texture.java:122) at com.game.Game.render(Game.java:46) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop (LwjglApplication.java:163) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:113) Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: File not found: android.png (Internal) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.read(FileHandle.java:108) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.length(FileHandle.java:364) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.readBytes(FileHandle.java:156) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:134) ... 8 more I set the android.png in my assests folder in my android project linking it to the desktop one, I don't understand what I'm doing wrong. What is making these errors? FIX. Weird ending.this was the plus where the sprite is suppose to look like. The top right corner of the next image should look like, the bottom left is what turned out in the code. I'm think it was because of the texture region but I'm not 100%. Can somebody explain why it is really warped? I thought the changes I made in the coding will just change position/rotation, rather then a change in the image.

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  • Why do some user agents have spam urls in them?

    - by Erx_VB.NExT.Coder
    If you go to (say) the last 100 entries (visits) to the botsvsbrowsers.com website (exact link, feel free to take a look: http://www.botsvsbrowsers.com/recent/listings/index.html ), you'd notice that almost every User Agent that has the keywords "Opera" and "Presto" inside them, will almost certainly have a web link (URL/Web Address) inside it, and it won't just be a normal web address, but a HTML anchor tag/link to that address. Why is this so, I could not even find a single discussion about it on the internet, nowhere, I tried varying my search terms many times. If the user agent contains the words "Opera" and "Presto" it doesnt mean it will have this weblink, but it means there is about an 80% change that it will. A typical anchor tag/link inside a user agent will look like this: Mozilla/4.0 <a href="http://osis-uk.co.uk/disabled-equipment">disability equipment</a> (Windows NT 5.1; U; en) Presto/2.10.229 Version/11.60 If you check it out at the website, http://www.botsvsbrowsers.com/recent/listings/index.html you will notice that the back and forward arrows are in there unescaped format. This isn't just true for botsvsbrowsers, but several other user agent listing sites. I'm really confused and feel line I'm in a room full of 10,000 people and am the only one seeing this ghost :). If I'm doing statistical analysis, should I include or exclude this type of user agent from my listing (ie: are these just normal users who've set their user agents to attempt to drive some traffic to their sites as they browser the web), or is there something else going on? The fact that it is so consistent in terms of its format leads me to believe that it is an automated process (the setting or alteration of the user agent) so I cannot decide or understand the process by which this change is made (I know how to change a user agent), but unsure which program or facility is doing this, especially since it is exclusive to Opera (Presto) user agents that are beyond I think an 8 or 9 point something browser version. I've run some statistical tests, parsing entries from all over the place, writing custom programs, to get a better understanding of this. Keep in mind that I see normal URL's in user agents infrequently, they are just text such as +http://www.someSite.com appended to a user agent normally, especially if its a crawler or bot it provided its service URL, this is normal and isnt done with an embedded link (A HREF=) etc, so I'm not talking about "those".

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  • Why is my class worse than the hierarchy of classes in the book (beginner OOP)?

    - by aditya menon
    I am reading this book. The author is trying to model a lesson in a college. The goal is to output the Lesson Type (Lecture or Seminar), and the Charges for the lesson depending on whether it is a hourly or fixed price lesson. So the output should be: lesson charge 20. Charge type: hourly rate. lesson type seminar. lesson charge 30. Charge type: fixed rate. lesson type lecture. When the input is as follows: $lessons[] = new Lesson('hourly rate', 4, 'seminar'); $lessons[] = new Lesson('fixed rate', null, 'lecture'); I wrote this: class Lesson { private $chargeType; private $duration; private $lessonType; public function __construct($chargeType, $duration, $lessonType) { $this->chargeType = $chargeType; $this->duration = $duration; $this->lessonType = $lessonType; } public function getChargeType() { return $this->getChargeType; } public function getLessonType() { return $this->getLessonType; } public function cost() { if($this->chargeType == 'fixed rate') { return "30"; } else { return $this->duration * 5; } } } $lessons[] = new Lesson('hourly rate', 4, 'seminar'); $lessons[] = new Lesson('fixed rate', null, 'lecture'); foreach($lessons as $lesson) { print "lesson charge {$lesson->cost()}."; print " Charge type: {$lesson->getChargeType()}."; print " lesson type {$lesson->getLessonType()}."; print "<br />"; } But according to the book, I am wrong (I am pretty sure I am, too). The author gave a large hierarchy of classes as the solution instead. In a previous chapter, the author stated the following 'four signposts' as the time when I should consider changing my class structure: Code Duplication The Class Who Knew Too Much About His Context The Jack of All Trades - Classes that try to do many things Conditional Statements The only problem I can see is Conditional Statements, and that too in a vague manner - so why refactor this? What problems do you think might arise in the future that I have not foreseen?

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  • Why is it necessary to install EFI/rEFInd/UEFI/... on a SD Card since the Macbook Pro seems to already have it?

    - by user170794
    Dear askubuntu members, I own a Macbook Pro (late 2009) and when I boot the laptop and hold the alt key meanwhile, there is a EFI screen, so EFI is installed on... the firmware? I had a few troubles with my hard disk, so I had to change it, but I haven't installed OS X, I have only installed Ubuntu and still the EFI screen is there which is surely a good thing. As the new hard disk is making troubles again, I am using Puppy Linux, booting from a CD each time, which is unconfortable. So I am trying to have Ubuntu installed on a SD Card. After having spent many months on the internet grabing informations anywhere I can and trying several things, I applied this method: http://www.weihermueller.de/mac/ I succeeded in making one SD Card recognizable by the EFI of my laptop (holding alt key @ boot), but nothing installed on it yet as I fear to lose the recognizable-by-EFI part. I haven't succeded in producing the same result on another SD Card. I have a bootable USB key of Ubuntu (yipee) which works like a live CD, made with the help of Universal Linux UDF Creator, found there: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ on which I have put Ubuntu 13.04 64bit, retrieved from the official deposits. Eventhough I have to add the "nouveau.noaccel=1" option to the grub command line launching Linux, it works (yipee again) properly as a live cd. When installing Ubuntu I come across the "where do I wanna put Ubuntu" window, I partition another SD Card in: the EFI part (40MB) the Linux part (15GB< <16GB) The installation works fine and finishes with no problem. But at the reboot, the SD Card where Linux is installed is not recognized by the EFI, the icons are : the CD (Puppy Linux), the USB stick (from Linux UDF Creator), the hard drive (the formerly-working Ubuntu 12) but no fourth icon of the SD Card whatsoever. As the title of this thread suggests, I am wondering: why there is a need for EFI to be installed on the SD Card since EFI seems to be on my laptop anyway? why EFI has to be on a different partition than the Linux's one? How do both parts communicate? why the EFI part on the SD Card made with the help of the live-USB key isn't recognized? on the EFI partition, there is a folder named "EFI" which contains another folder named "ubuntu" which contains a file named "grubx64.efi", why is there a thing called grub? Is it the Linux's grub where one can chose either to boot, to boot in safe mode, etc.? Thank you for your patience, looking forward for any kind of answer, Julien

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  • Why can't a blendShader sample anything but the current coordinate of the background image?

    - by Triynko
    In Flash, you can set a DisplayObject's blendShader property to a pixel shader (flash.shaders.Shader class). The mechanism is nice, because Flash automatically provides your Shader with two input images, including the background surface and the foreground display object's bitmap. The problem is that at runtime, the shader doesn't allow you to sample the background anywhere but under the current output coordinate. If you try to sample other coordinates, it just returns the color of the current coordinate instead, ignoring the coordinates you specified. This seems to occur only at runtime, because it works properly in the Pixel Bender toolkit. This limitation makes it impossible to simulate, for example, the Aero Glass effect in Windows Vista/7, because you cannot sample the background properly for blurring. I must mention that it is possible to create the effect in Flash through manual composition techniques, but it's hard to determine when it actually needs updated, because Flash does not provide information about when a particular area of the screen or a particular display object needs re-rendered. For example, you may have a fixed glass surface with objects moving underneath it that don't dispatch events when they move. The only alternative is to re-render the glass bar every frame, which is inefficient, which is why I am trying to do it through a blendShader so Flash determines when it needs rendered automatically. Is there a technical reason for this limitation, or is it an oversight of some sort? Does anyone know of a workaround, or a way I could provide my manual composition implementation with information about when it needs re-rendered? The limitation is mentioned with no explanation in the last note in this page: http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WSB19E965E-CCD2-4174-8077-8E5D0141A4A8.html It says: "Note: When a Pixel Bender shader program is run as a blend in Flash Player or AIR, the sampling and outCoord() functions behave differently than in other contexts.In a blend, a sampling function will always return the current pixel being evaluated by the shader. You cannot, for example, use add an offset to outCoord() in order to sample a neighboring pixel. Likewise, if you use the outCoord() function outside a sampling function, its coordinates always evaluate to 0. You cannot, for example, use the position of a pixel to influence how the blended images are combined."

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  • Why does my ID3DXSprite appear to be incorrectly scaled?

    - by Bjoern
    I am using D3D9 for rendering some simple things (a movie) as the backmost layer, then on top of that some text messages, and now wanted to add some buttons to that. Before adding the buttons everything seemed to have worked fine, and I was using a ID3DXSprite for the text as well (ID3DXFont), now I am loading some graphics for the buttons, but they seem to be scaled to something like 1.2 times their original size. In my test window I centered the graphic, but it being too big it just doesnt fit well, for example the client area is 640x360, the graphic is 440, so I expect 100 pixel on left and right, left side is fine [I took screenshot and "counted" the pixels in photoshop], but on the right there is only about 20 pixels) My rendering code is very simple (I am omitting error checks, et cetera, for brevity) // initially viewport was set to width/height of client area // clear device m_d3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_STENCIL|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_ARGB(0,0,0,0), 1.0f, 0 ); // begin scene m_d3dDevice->BeginScene(); // render movie surface (just two triangles to which the movie is rendered) m_d3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE,false); m_d3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR ); // bilinear filtering m_d3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR ); // bilinear filtering m_d3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE ); m_d3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE ); //Ignored m_d3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_SELECTARG1 ); m_d3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, m_movieTexture ); m_d3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0, m_displayPlaneVertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(Vertex)); m_d3dDevice->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF_Flags); m_d3dDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 2); // render sprites m_sprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND | D3DXSPRITE_SORT_TEXTURE | D3DXSPRITE_DO_NOT_ADDREF_TEXTURE); // text drop shadow m_font->DrawText( m_playerSprite, m_currentMessage.c_str(), m_currentMessage.size(), &m_playerFontRectDropShadow, DT_RIGHT|DT_TOP|DT_NOCLIP, m_playerFontColorDropShadow ); // text m_font->DrawText( m_playerSprite, m_currentMessage.c_str(), m_currentMessage.size(), &m_playerFontRect, DT_RIGHT|DT_TOP|DT_NOCLIP, m_playerFontColorMessage ) ); // control object m_sprite->Draw( m_texture, 0, 0, &m_vecPos, 0xFFFFFFFF ); // draws a few objects like this m_sprite->End() // end scene m_d3dDevice->EndScene(); What did I forget to do here? Except for the control objects (play button, pause button etc which are placed on a "panel" which is about 440 pixels wide) everything seems fine, the objects are positioned where I expect them, but just too big. By the way I loaded the images using D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx (resizing wnidow, and reacting to lost device, etc, works fine too). For experimenting, I added some code to take an identity matrix and scale is down on the x/y axis to 0.75f, which then gave me the expected result for the controls (but also made the text smaller and out of position), but I don't know why I would need to scale anything. My rendering code is so simple, I just wanted to draw my 2D objects 1;1 the size they came from the file... I am really very inexperienced in D3D, so the answer might be very simple...

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  • Why does my code dividing a 2D array into chunks fail?

    - by Borog
    I have a 2D-Array representing my world. I want to divide this huge thing into smaller chunks to make collision detection easier. I have a Chunk class that consists only of another 2D Array with a specific width and height and I want to iterate through the world, create new Chunks and add them to a list (or maybe a Map with Coordinates as the key; we'll see about that). world = new World(8192, 1024); Integer[][] chunkArray; for(int a = 0; a < map.getHeight() / Chunk.chunkHeight; a++) { for(int b = 0; b < map.getWidth() / Chunk.chunkWidth; b++) { Chunk chunk = new Chunk(); chunkArray = new Integer[Chunk.chunkWidth][Chunk.chunkHeight]; for(int x = Chunk.chunkHeight*a; x < Chunk.chunkHeight*(a+1); x++) { for(int y = Chunk.chunkWidth*b; y < Chunk.chunkWidth*(b+1); y++) { // Yes, the tileMap actually is [height][width] I'll have // to fix that somewhere down the line -.- chunkArray[y][x] = map.getTileMap()[x*a][y*b]; // TODO:Attach to chunk } } chunkList.add(chunk); } } System.out.println(chunkList.size()); The two outer loops get a new chunk in a specific row and column. I do that by dividing the overall size of the map by the chunkSize. The inner loops then fill a new chunkArray and attach it to the chunk. But somehow my maths is broken here. Let's assume the chunkHeight = chunkWidth = 64. For the first Array I want to start at [0][0] and go until [63][63]. For the next I want to start at [64][64] and go until [127][127] and so on. But I get an out of bounds exception and can't figure out why. Any help appreciated! Actually I think I know where the problem lies: chunkArray[y][x] can't work, because y goes from 0-63 just in the first iteration. Afterwards it goes from 64-127, so sure it is out of bounds. Still no nice solution though :/ EDIT: if(y < Chunk.chunkWidth && x < Chunk.chunkHeight) chunkArray[y][x] = map.getTileMap()[y][x]; This works for the first iteration... now I need to get the commonly accepted formula.

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