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• Make public webcam. Which protocol, which codec. (Using VLC)

  - by gsedej

  Hi! I want to use my old (1GHz) PC as webcam video stream server (like you can see those road cameras). I thought of using VLC and already tried using http output but it was not really good. Too cpu hungry, too big stream (kBps), not stable... I been reading VLC how-to's but thre is still a question. Which output should I use? Http, RTSP, UDP? I want to make for more than one computer at the same time (multicast). Which codec should be good? PC is not so fast so it shouldn't be too cpu hungry codec. Mpeg2, mpeg4, xvid? how much video buffer should I use (vb=?)? What about setting IP and ports? So I need some help with ideas, but if someone can make a VLC command line it's even better :) Oh, computer has direct internet connection and own IP.

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• Custom .NET apps and clustering

  - by Ahmed ilyas

  So for a clustered environment - how would this work with your apps? what about your own custom .NET apps? Would there be a special way to develop them? I know that you can say create a simple Hello world app, and cluster that but they wouldnt be something you could see interms of the UI or anything, so they would effectively need to be developed as a Windows Service perhaps or even as a standard Console app which runs and not wait for user input but you wouldnt see any output from it (unless you redirect output to somewhere else) What im getting at here is... for those who have experience or developed a cluster application in .NET, how did you do it and what are the things to be aware of? For example we have the cloud service - fundamentally its built on clustering - if there is an outage, another node takes place and service is resumed as normal but we dont really see much of that downtime.

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• How can I solve display glitches and poor performance with ATI fglrx driver on my ThinkPad X100e?

  - by rewbs

  Hi all, I noticed that video performance on my Thinkpad X100e was very poor compared to Windows 7, so I installed the ATI fglrx proprietary drivers by using the "Additional Drivers" dialogue box. The system has an ATI Radeon Mobility HD 3200 chip. The result of installing the drivers is pretty devastatingly negative, with symptoms such as skewed content in windows, browser tabs and text boxes failing to refresh when their content changes. In fact, please excuse typos in this post, because I can't really see what I am typing. :) I also notice that HD video playback performance is no better - perhaps even worse - than prior to installing the drivers. Example of what I see: Here's the output of fglrxinfo: display: :0.0 screen: 0 OpenGL vendor string: ATI Technologies Inc. OpenGL renderer string: ATI Radeon HD 3200 Graphics OpenGL version string: 3.3.10237 Compatibility Profile Context Output of lspci | grep -i vga: 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RS780M/RS780MN [Radeon HD 3200 Graphics] I'm on Ubuntu 10.10 with kernel 2.6.35-22-generic-pae. What can I try? Many thanks, -R

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• No analog audio in 13.10

  - by danepowell

  I've installed 13.10 on a machine that was previously running Windows 8, and audio output isn't working out of the box. It worked fine in Windows, and the speakers work fine when hooked up to a laptop, so it must an incompatibility between Ubuntu and the motherboard. If I go to sound settings, "Built-in Audio" is selected (SPDIF is also available). This is an Intel Z77 motherboard with an integrated Creative CA0132 sound chipset. I've tried booting a live image of 13.10 (to check for a corrupt install), and the same problem exists. If I boot a live image of 13.04, the only audio output listed in sound settings is a "dummy" card. I've already tried basic troubleshooting steps, such as removing pulseaudio config directories, force-restarting alsa, and making sure the speakers aren't muted in the alsa mixer. At this point, I'm totally stumped :(

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• Help with cron syntax

  - by Randy

  I need to setup a cronjob on my webhost. The documentation for my webapp reads as follows: you will need to create following cronjob: /public_html/cake/console/cake -app /public_html/app master Also, I want any output written to a log file. My hosts documentation says this: You can have cron send an email everytime it runs a command. If you do not want an email to be sent for an individual cron job you can redirect the command's output to /dev/null like this: mycommand /dev/null 2&1 Can someone help me write the cron job? I dont know the syntax at all. Thanks for the help!

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• Is JScript dying? If so, where should I go? [closed]

  - by David Is Not Here

  I recently poked around Google for a little bit, looking for information about coding JScript. It's very sparse, which surprised me -- it took a link to a link to find Microsoft's own reference, which appears to omit most if not all references to console-based scripting that extends past Javascript. I'm working with the console here, not a webpage, so input and output seems very different than what Microsoft explains. If JScript is dying (and it appears to be so), where do I go from here? VBScript? My options are limited because the computers I'm using this on are carefully patrolled for new software. JScript's similarity to JavaScript was the biggest reason I had chosen it for porting over some of my prior work. I'm specifically looking for, at best, a console scripting language that doesn't need any extra software on Windows XP or higher, that at least supports standard input, output, pause, and file manipulation, little else.

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• hi, i have a problem with windows 7 so I use ubuntu to bring back my files , but when I tried to open the files I have this message:

  - by user286972

  Error mounting /dev/sda1 at /media/ubuntu/B800C0C300C08A38: Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=999,gid=999,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda1" "/media/ubuntu/B800C0C300C08A38"' exited with non-zero exit status 13: ntfs_attr_pread_i: ntfs_pread failed: Input/output error Failed to read NTFS $Bitmap: Input/output error NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a SoftRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows then reboot into Windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very important! If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper/ directory, (e.g. /dev/mapper/nvidia_eahaabcc1). Please see the 'dmraid' documentation for more details.

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• HTML Manifest for Content Folios

  - by Kyle Hatlestad

  I recently worked on a project to create a custom content folio renderer in WebCenter Content. It needed to output the native files in the folio along with a manifest file in HTML format which would list the contents of the folio along with any designated metadata and a relative link to the file within the download.  This way a person could hand someone the folio download and it would be a self-contained package with all of the content and a single file to display the information on the contents.  The default Zip rendition of the folio will output the web-viewable version of the file with an HDA formatted file for each one. And unless you are fluent in HDA or have a tool to read them, they are difficult to consume. [Read More]

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• Usb boot device totally unable to be formatted

  - by fuqda

  I'm really upset by now, I've been trying 2hours straight to format a stupid usb drive (I'm new to ubuntu and I dont know if I will last long at this rate) Basically this was the lubuntu boot usb key I tried to remove files with sudo rm I tried to format disk with disk utility I tried to format disk with gparted (with unmounting beforehand) NOTHING WORKS. I cant delete a file. I cant move a file to the usb key. I cant do anything. This is really infuriating.. I dont know what to do ? here are some gparted errors while trying to format to fat32 after unmounting error fsyncing/closing/dev/sdb: input/output error input/output error during write on /dev/sdb when I try to remove by hand, it says "read-only file"

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• When is it appropriate to use colour in a command-line application?

  - by marcoms

  Currently I have a command-line application in C called btcwatch. It has a -C option that it can receive as an argument that compares the current price of Bitcoin with a price that was stored beforehand with -S. Example output with this option is: $ btcwatch -vC # -v = verbose buy: UP $ 32.000000 USD (100.000000 -> 132.000000) sell: UP $ 16.000000 USD (100.000000 -> 116.000000) The dilemma is whether to use colour for the UP or DOWN string (green and red, respectively). Most command-line applications I know of (apart from git) stay away from colour in their output. In my desire for btcwatch to look and be quite "standard" (use of getopt, Makefiles, etc), I'm not sure if colour would look out of place in this situation.

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• Optimize bootup sequence

  - by ubuntudroid

  I'm on Ubuntu 11.04 (upgraded from 10.10) and suffering really high bootup times. It got so annoying, that I decided to dive into bootchart analysis myself. Therefore I installed bootchart and restarted the system which generated this chart. However, I'm not really experienced in reading such stuff. What causes the long bootup sequence? Edit: Here is the output of hdparm -i /dev/sda: /dev/sda: Model=SAMSUNG HD501LJ, FwRev=CR100-12, SerialNo=S0MUJ1EQ102621 Config={ Fixed } RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=34902, SectSize=554, ECCbytes=4 BuffType=DualPortCache, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=976773168 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-3,4,5,6,7 * signifies the current active mode And here the output of hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 2410 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1205.26 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 258 MB in 3.02 seconds = 85.50 MB/sec

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• In what order do people build websites?

  - by Corey

  For a website, you need to have an idea, you need to have a design and you need to have data, events and output, right? Whether it be a blog, web app, Q&A site, search engine... Anyway, that is only slightly related to my question. My question is, when designing a website, providing I know the purpose, what should I start with? Should I start with the CSS, design and look&feel using dummy data first, or should I program in the logic, events and output, and style it later? What is the design process of most websites that are built from the ground up?

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• JMeter: how to asign a single distinct value from CSV Data Set Config to each thread in thread group?

  - by JohnnyM

  I have to make a load test for a relatively large number of users so I cant realy use User Parameters pre-processor to parametrize each thread with custom user data. I've read that I should use CSV Data Set Config instead. However I run into a problem with how JMeter interprets the input of this Config. Example: I have a thread group of 3 threads and Loop Count:10 with one HTTP request sampler with server www.example.com and path: \${user}. The csv file (bullet is a single line in file) for CSV Data Set Config to extract the user parameter: 1 2 3 4 5 Expected output is that for thread 1-x the path of the request should be: \x. So the output file should consist of 10 samples per thread namely: for thread 1-1 : 10 requests to www.example.com\1 for thread 1-2 : 10 requests to www.example.com\2 for thread 1-3 : 10 requests to www.example.com\3 but instead i get requests to each \1 - \5 and then to EOF. Does anyone know how to achieve the expected effect with CSV Data Set Config in jmeter 2.9?

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• How to build a list from Postfix maillog

  - by dstonek

  I want to build a list from maillog, maillog.x containing something like Date, Sender's email, Recipient's Email and subject of the message filtering output emails and output domain. I've read about importing from spreadsheet program a cvs file. The issue is I have to add field separators in log file. I couldn't find how to customize that. How can I do that, the list and the separator? This is an example of sending mail log Jun 11 15:24:58 host postfix/cleanup[19060]: F41C660D98A0: warning: header Subject: TESTING SUBJECT from unknown[XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX]; [email protected] [email protected] proto=ESMTP helo=<[192.168.1.91] Jun 11 15:25:01 host postfix/smtp[19062]: F41C660D98A0: to=, relay=mx-rl.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]:25, delay=3.4, delays=0.66/0.01/0.86/1.9, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 <538E30D9000A1DD8 Mail accepted) The list would contain the three bold fields filtering by to = [email protected]

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• Can't copy file (I/O error) Ubuntu Server

  - by QxQ

  I'm running Ubuntu Server 12.04, and basically found out that a couple of files aren't behaving like they should. The file name is r.-1.-1.mca, and I've tried using this terminal command sudo cp r.-1.-1.mca ../ The hard drive is working/thinking for a while, then spits this back out: cp: reading `r.-1.-1.mca': Input/output error cp: failed to extend `../r.-1.-1.mca': Input/output error I have another file behaving like this. My guess is that these files are corrupt, so I tried running the server in recovery mode and it told me to check the file system. However, it didn't come up with any errors. Is there a way to repair these files so I can use them normally again?

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• Need private personal access to ~three PHP pages

  - by Roger

  I would like secure access to the text output by three PHP scripts (the text output is JavaScript and html) . The security level is much less then financial data but important none-the-less. I have considered purchasing AND studying https and SSL certificates. Hostgator charges an extra $2/month for a private ip plus $50+ anually for a certificate. This is more then I want to spend for this project (time + money). Is there a simpler solution that is: less expensive easier to implement. I'm open to different approaches.

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• Acer sound card

  - by Rob Brugh

  Hi I have an acer aspire on a recent upgrade somehow it loaded dummy output into upper memory so every time I boot up I have to manually load my sound card. using sudo /sbin/alsa reload then alsamixer and f6 to change to my proper sound card. How do I go about making that my default sound card loading on boot every time. sometimes the message comes up cannot find alsamixer, if that happens I have to run the following command sudo /sbin/alsa force-reload and then alsamixer. That works only on current session I would like to get that so it boots without coming up with dummy output. anyone out there know what the command is to make that load to boot section?

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• ubuntu 12.04 sound not working in applications

  - by user109887

  I run Ubuntu on a DELL Vostro 3500 laptop. Everything was working perfectly since this morning, after an update... I can't play any multimedia sound anymore, that includes youtube and others, mp3 in Rythmbox, sound of video in VLC. I can see my device in the setting window and I can play tests sound, but nothing else. Any idea? EDIT: I'm switching very often from to HDMI output, which is deconnected right now. I've tried running VLC, and in the audio menu, you can choose the output so now I can listen to music via VLC but not with other programs. Looks like ubuntu is not totally switching the audio device after unplugging the HDMI cable. Is there any command line which can do so?

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• Help with cron syntax

  - by Randy

  I need to setup a cronjob on my webhost. The documentation for my webapp reads as follows: you will need to create following cronjob: /public_html/cake/console/cake -app /public_html/app master Also, I want any output written to a log file. My hosts documentation says this: You can have cron send an email everytime it runs a command. If you do not want an email to be sent for an individual cron job you can redirect the command's output to /dev/null like this: mycommand /dev/null 2&1 Can someone help me write the cron job? I dont know the syntax at all. Thanks for the help!

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• Array of pointers in C++.

  - by Theorem

  I am not understanding the output of this , #include <iostream> using namespace std; // pointers and arrays char ch1 = 'a' , ch2= 'b'; char ch3[6] = {'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' , 'h'}; char *ptr[3]; int main () { ptr[0] = &ch1 ; ptr[2] = ch3; cout << &ch1 << endl; } The out put is abcdefgh . isn't &ch1 supposed to give the address of ch1 ? I cannot make sense why the output should be abcdefgh.

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• drupal - using variable_set, hook block and hook menu to save config values then print out in custom

  - by bert

  I am trying to 1) implement the hook menu and variable_set in the block hook and to solicit and store configuration values from user, 2) then use retrieve configuration values and 3) pass them out into a template using theme hook when page is shown. However I need a bit of a push on step two and three! // ===================== file: my_module.php function my_module_block($op = 'list', $delta = 0, $edit = array()) { switch($op) { case 'list': $blocks[0] = array( 'info' => t('Find Something'), // required value - this shows up in your list of blocks 'region' => 'left', // default region on the page 'weight' => 0, // position the block vertically within its column. 'visibility' => 1, // permit the block to be displayed for a given user. 'status' => TRUE, // enabled ); return $blocks; break; // case configure case 'configure': // not used ? // case save (save configuration values) case 'save': variable_set('my_module_text_bottom', $edit['my_module_text_bottom']); variable_set('my_module_text_top', $edit['my_module_text_top']); break; } } function my_module_menu(){ $items = array(); // add menu items $items['my_module'] = array( // add a menu item here... ); // administration setting - callback my_module_admin $items['admin/settings/my_module'] = array( 'title' => 'Lookup on Something', 'description' => 'Description of my module settings page', 'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form', 'page arguments' => array('my_module_admin'), 'access arguments' => array('access administration pages'), 'type' => MENU_NORMAL_ITEM, ); return $items; } // setup administrative default values (see: site configiration) function my_module_admin() { $form = array(); $form['my_module_text_top'] = array( '#type' => 'textarea', '#title' => t('Text of top of page'), '#default_value' => variable_get('my_module_text_top', 'my_module_text_top: This is configurable text found in the module configuration.'), '#size' => 1024, '#maxlength' => 1024, '#description' => t("text above the Find a Retailer block."), '#required' => TRUE, ); $form['my_module_text_bottom'] = array( '#type' => 'textarea', '#title' => t('Text at bottom of page'), '#default_value' => variable_get('my_module_text_bottom', 'my_module_text_bottom: This is configurable text found in the module configuration.'), '#size' => 1024, '#maxlength' => 1024, '#description' => t("text below the Find a Retailer block."), '#required' => TRUE, ); return system_settings_form($form); } // registering a theme function my_module_theme(){ return array( 'my_module_show' => array( 'arguments' => array('content' => "hello"), 'template' => 'my_module_show' ), ); } // implementing a theme function theme_my_module_show($content){ $output = '<ul>$content</ul>'; return $output; } function my_module(){ $output = ''; $variables = ""; $output .= theme('my_module_show', $variables); return $output; } // ===================== file: my_module_show.tpl.php print $text1; print $text2;

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• storing a sorted array of hashes

  - by srk

  use strict; use warnings; my @aoh =( { 3 => 15, 4 => 8, 5 => 9, }, { 3 => 11, 4 => 25, 5 => 6, }, { 3 => 5, 4 => 18, 5 => 5, }, { 0 => 16, 1 => 11, 2 => 7, }, { 0 => 21, 1 => 13, 2 => 31, }, { 0 => 11, 1 => 14, 2 => 31, }, ); #declaring a new array to store the sorted hashes my @new; print "\n-------------expected output------------\n"; foreach my $href (@aoh) { #i want a new array of hashes where the hashes are sorted my %newhash; my @sorted_keys = sort {$href->{$b} <=> $href->{$a} || $b <=> $a} keys %$href; foreach my $key (@sorted_keys) { print "$key => $href->{$key}\n"; $newhash{$key} = $href->{$key}; } print "\n"; push(@new,\%newhash); } print "-----------output i am getting---------------\n"; foreach my $ref(@new) { my @skeys = sort {$ref->{$a} <=> $ref->{$b} } keys %$ref; foreach my $key (@skeys) { print "$key => $ref->{$key}\n" } print "\n"; } The output of the program : -------------expected output------------ 3 => 15 5 => 9 4 => 8 4 => 25 3 => 11 5 => 6 4 => 18 5 => 5 3 => 5 0 => 16 1 => 11 2 => 7 2 => 31 0 => 21 1 => 13 2 => 31 1 => 14 0 => 11 -----------output i am getting--------------- 4 => 8 5 => 9 3 => 15 5 => 6 3 => 11 4 => 25 3 => 5 5 => 5 4 => 18 2 => 7 1 => 11 0 => 16 1 => 13 0 => 21 2 => 31 0 => 11 1 => 14 2 => 31 Please tell me what am i doing wrong in storing the hashes into a new array.. how do i achieve what i want.. ? Thanks in advance...

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• How can I keep a hash sorted?

  - by srk

  use strict; use warnings; my @aoh =( { 3 => 15, 4 => 8, 5 => 9, }, { 3 => 11, 4 => 25, 5 => 6, }, { 3 => 5, 4 => 18, 5 => 5, }, { 0 => 16, 1 => 11, 2 => 7, }, { 0 => 21, 1 => 13, 2 => 31, }, { 0 => 11, 1 => 14, 2 => 31, }, ); #declaring a new array to store the sorted hashes my @new; print "\n-------------expected output------------\n"; foreach my $href (@aoh) { #i want a new array of hashes where the hashes are sorted my %newhash; my @sorted_keys = sort {$href->{$b} <=> $href->{$a} || $b <=> $a} keys %$href; foreach my $key (@sorted_keys) { print "$key => $href->{$key}\n"; $newhash{$key} = $href->{$key}; } print "\n"; push(@new,\%newhash); } print "-----------output i am getting---------------\n"; foreach my $ref(@new) { my @skeys = skeys %$ref; foreach my $key (@skeys) { print "$key => $ref->{$key}\n" } print "\n"; } The output of the program : -------------expected output------------ 3 => 15 5 => 9 4 => 8 4 => 25 3 => 11 5 => 6 4 => 18 5 => 5 3 => 5 0 => 16 1 => 11 2 => 7 2 => 31 0 => 21 1 => 13 2 => 31 1 => 14 0 => 11 -----------output i am getting--------------- 4 => 8 3 => 15 5 => 9 4 => 25 3 => 11 5 => 6 4 => 18 3 => 5 5 => 5 1 => 11 0 => 16 2 => 7 1 => 13 0 => 21 2 => 31 1 => 14 0 => 11 2 => 31 Please tell me what am i doing wrong in storing the hashes into a new array.. how do i achieve what i want.. ? Thanks in advance...

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• Padding error - when using AES Encryption in Java and Decryption in C

  - by user234445

  Hi All, I have a problem while decrypting the xl file in rijndael 'c' code (The file got encrypted in Java through JCE) and this problem is happening only for the excel files types which having formula's. Remaining all file type encryption/decryption is happening properly. (If i decrypt the same file in java the output is coming fine.) While i am dumped a file i can see the difference between java decryption and 'C' file decryption. od -c -b filename(file decrypted in C) 0034620 005 006 \0 \0 \0 \0 022 \0 022 \0 320 004 \0 \0 276 4 005 006 000 000 000 000 022 000 022 000 320 004 000 000 276 064 0034640 \0 \0 \0 \0 \f \f \f \f \f \f \f \f \f \f \f \f 000 000 000 000 014 014 014 014 014 014 014 014 014 014 014 014 0034660 od -c -b filename(file decrypted in Java) 0034620 005 006 \0 \0 \0 \0 022 \0 022 \0 320 004 \0 \0 276 4 005 006 000 000 000 000 022 000 022 000 320 004 000 000 276 064 0034640 \0 \0 \0 \0 000 000 000 000 0034644 (the above is the difference between the dumped files) The following java code i used to encrypt the file. public class AES { /** * Turns array of bytes into string * * @param buf Array of bytes to convert to hex string * @return Generated hex string */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { File file = new File("testxls.xls"); byte[] lContents = new byte[(int) file.length()]; try { FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file); fileInputStream.read(lContents); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } try { KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(256); // 192 and 256 bits may not be available // Generate the secret key specs. SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey(); //byte[] raw = skey.getEncoded(); byte[] raw = "aabbccddeeffgghhaabbccddeeffgghh".getBytes(); SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(lContents); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(lContents); FileOutputStream f1 = new FileOutputStream("testxls_java.xls"); f1.write(original); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } I used the following file for decryption in 'C'. #include <stdio.h> #include "rijndael.h" #define KEYBITS 256 #include <stdio.h> #include "rijndael.h" #define KEYBITS 256 int main(int argc, char **argv) { unsigned long rk[RKLENGTH(KEYBITS)]; unsigned char key[KEYLENGTH(KEYBITS)]; int i; int nrounds; char dummy[100] = "aabbccddeeffgghhaabbccddeeffgghh"; char *password; FILE *input,*output; password = dummy; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(key); i++) key[i] = *password != 0 ? *password++ : 0; input = fopen("doc_for_logu.xlsb", "rb"); if (input == NULL) { fputs("File read error", stderr); return 1; } output = fopen("ori_c_res.xlsb","w"); nrounds = rijndaelSetupDecrypt(rk, key, 256); while (1) { unsigned char plaintext[16]; unsigned char ciphertext[16]; int j; if (fread(ciphertext, sizeof(ciphertext), 1, input) != 1) break; rijndaelDecrypt(rk, nrounds, ciphertext, plaintext); fwrite(plaintext, sizeof(plaintext), 1, output); } fclose(input); fclose(output); }

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• JAXB marshals XML differently to OutputStream vs. StringWriter

  - by Andy

  I apologize if this has been answered, but the search terms I have been using (i.e. JAXB @XmlAttribute condensed or JAXB XML marshal to String different results) aren't coming up with anything. I am using JAXB to un/marshal objects annotated with @XmlElement and @XmlAttribute annotations. I have a formatter class which provides two methods -- one wraps the marshal method and accepts the object to marshal and an OutputStream, the other just accepts the object and returns the XML output as a String. Unfortunately, these methods do not provide the same output for the same objects. When marshaling to a file, simple object fields internally marked with @XmlAttribute are printed as: <element value="VALUE"></element> while when marshaling to a String, they are: <element value="VALUE"/> I would prefer the second format for both cases, but I am curious as to how to control the difference, and would settle for them being the same regardless. I even created one static marshaller that both methods use to eliminate different instance values. The formatting code follows: /** Marker interface for classes which are listed in jaxb.index */ public interface Marshalable {} /** Local exception class */ public class XMLMarshalException extends BaseException {} /** Class which un/marshals objects to XML */ public class XmlFormatter { private static Marshaller marshaller = null; private static Unmarshaller unmarshaller = null; static { try { JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance("path.to.package"); marshaller = context.createMarshaller(); marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true); marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, "UTF-8"); unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller(); } catch (JAXBException e) { throw new RuntimeException("There was a problem creating a JAXBContext object for formatting the object to XML."); } } public void marshal(Marshalable obj, OutputStream os) throws XMLMarshalException { try { marshaller.marshal(obj, os); } catch (JAXBException jaxbe) { throw new XMLMarshalException(jaxbe); } } public String marshalToString(Marshalable obj) throws XMLMarshalException { try { StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); marshaller.marshal(obj, sw); } catch (JAXBException jaxbe) { throw new XMLMarshalException(jaxbe); } } } /** Example data */ @XmlType @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) public class Data { @XmlAttribute(name = value) private String internalString; } /** Example POJO */ @XmlType @XmlRootElement(namespace = "project/schema") @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) public class Container implements Marshalable { @XmlElement(required = false, nillable = true) private int number; @XmlElement(required = false, nillable = true) private String word; @XmlElement(required = false, nillable = true) private Data data; } The result of calling marshal(container, new FileOutputStream("output.xml")) and marshalToString(container) are as follows: Output to file <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <ns2:container xmlns:ns2="project/schema"> <number>1</number> <word>stackoverflow</word> <data value="This is internal"></data> </ns2:container> and Output to String <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <ns2:container xmlns:ns2="project/schema"> <number>1</number> <word>stackoverflow</word> <data value="This is internal"/> </ns2:container>

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