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• LinqToSQL: Not possible to update PrimaryKey?

  - by Zuhaib

  I have a simple table (lets call it Table1) that has a NVARCHAR field as the PK. Table1 has no association with any other tables. When I update Table1's PK column using LinqToSQL it fails. If I update other column it succeeds. I could delete this row and insert new one in Table1, but I don't want to. There is a transaction table which has Table1's PK column as a column. When the PK of Table1 is changed I want no effect in the transaction table. But when the row from Table1 is deleted, I want the transaction rows to be deleted. The cascading is done via Trigger. As there is not association between these two tables, if I update the PK column of Table1 using normal SQL, it works and there is no effect on the transaction table as expected. When I delete the row the trigger deletes the rows from transaction table. For this reason I can't delete and then add new row in Table1. So what can be done to successfully update the PrimaryKey of the Table1?

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• Setting up relations/mappings for a SQLAlchemy many-to-many database

  - by Brent Ramerth

  I'm new to SQLAlchemy and relational databases, and I'm trying to set up a model for an annotated lexicon. I want to support an arbitrary number of key-value annotations for the words which can be added or removed at runtime. Since there will be a lot of repetition in the names of the keys, I don't want to use this solution directly, although the code is similar. My design has word objects and property objects. The words and properties are stored in separate tables with a property_values table that links the two. Here's the code: from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Table, create_engine from sqlalchemy import MetaData, ForeignKey from sqlalchemy.orm import relation, mapper, sessionmaker from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base engine = create_engine('sqlite:///test.db', echo=True) meta = MetaData(bind=engine) property_values = Table('property_values', meta, Column('word_id', Integer, ForeignKey('words.id')), Column('property_id', Integer, ForeignKey('properties.id')), Column('value', String(20)) ) words = Table('words', meta, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20)), Column('freq', Integer) ) properties = Table('properties', meta, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20), nullable=False, unique=True) ) meta.create_all() class Word(object): def __init__(self, name, freq=1): self.name = name self.freq = freq class Property(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name mapper(Property, properties) Now I'd like to be able to do the following: Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) s = Session() word = Word('foo', 42) word['bar'] = 'yes' # or word.bar = 'yes' ? s.add(word) s.commit() Ideally this should add 1|foo|42 to the words table, add 1|bar to the properties table, and add 1|1|yes to the property_values table. However, I don't have the right mappings and relations in place to make this happen. I get the sense from reading the documentation at http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/05/mappers.html#association-pattern that I want to use an association proxy or something of that sort here, but the syntax is unclear to me. I experimented with this: mapper(Word, words, properties={ 'properties': relation(Property, secondary=property_values) }) but this mapper only fills in the foreign key values, and I need to fill in the other value as well. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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• How to do HABTM management with auto completion in Rails?

  - by Andrei

  I am looking for a good solution for a probably typical problem of managing models with HABTM association in Rails. Let's assume that we have two models -- products and categories: Products has_many :categorizations has_many :categories, :through => :categorizations Categories has_many :categorizations has_many :products, :through => :categorizations Categorization belongs_to :product belongs_to :category Pat Shaughnessy is developing modified auto_complete plugin which can allow to manage one-to-many (and many-to-many) association: For someone that would be enough, but I don't really like so many text fields. I guess it is possible to combine the Ryan Bates' screencasts used by Pat in a slightly different way, namely, using one text field with autocomplete: Also it would be better to remove from the list of suggested tasks (one-to-many), or products|categories (many-to-many) those which have been already added. In the case of products-categories relationship, such auto completion would be used both in the form for product, and in the form for category. I hope that there is an existing plugin for that. I am not very experienced in Ruby, and don't really know how to implement such logic by myself. Any help is appreciated!

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• What is the difference between Unidirectional and Bidirectional associations?

  - by hguser

  Hi: What is the difference between Unidirectional and Bidirectional associations? Since the table generated in the db are all the same,so the only difference I found is that each side of the bidiretional assocations will have a refer to the other,and the unidirectional not. /////////// This is a Unidirectional association public class User { private int id; private String name; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn( name = "groupId") private Group group; } public class Group { private int id; private String name; } ////////////// The Bidirectional association public class User { private int id; private String name; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn( name = "groupId") private Group group; } public class Group { private int id; private String name; @OneToMany(mappedBy="group") private List<User> users; } The difference is wheather the group hold a refer of the user. So I wonder if this is the only difference? which is recommended?

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• JSF2.0: variable list of custom component

  - by rattaman

  Hello Is there any way of using JSF2.0 in connection with variable lists of components? For example, lets say I have list o people that I would like to edit. They are presented on the page as list of components PersonEditor, which allow changing person data. Each editor is associated with single Person element. In order for this to work I need to perform following steps: On initial request: Get list of people For each person create PersonEditor and associate it with Person object. Fill editor's data. On user action: When user changes values and presses Save, data is processed by backing bean. I can either fill editor with data from list of people or bind it to the backing bean, but not at the same time, so I am stuck. I tried people.xhtml <ui:render value="#{bean.people}" var="person"> <example:personEditor person="#{person}"/> </ui:render> where personEditor.xhtml: a) proper association with person object, but no connection to backing bean <h:form> <h:outputText value="#{cc.attr.person.name}"/> <h:commandButton name="Save" actionListener="editorBean.save"> <f:ajax execute="@form" render="@form"/> </h:commandButton> </h:form> b) no association with person object, but there is connection to backing bean - there is no way to pass that person to the backing bean <h:form> <h:outputText value="#{editorBean.name}"/> <h:commandButton name="Save" actionListener="editorBean.save"> <f:ajax execute="@form" render="@form"/> </h:commandButton> </h:form> If I had each editor on separate page, I could pass the person id as url parameter (either using f:param or f:attribute) and initialize it accordingly. Is there any solution to this problem?

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• How to map a 0..1 to 1 relationship in Entity Framework 3

  - by sako73

  I have two tables, Users, and Address. A the user table has a field that maps to the primary key of the address table. This field can be null. In plain english, Address exist independent of other objects. A user may be associated with one address. In the database, I have this set up as a foreign key relationship. I am attempting to map this relationship in the Entity Framework. I am getting errors on the following code: <Association Name="fk_UserAddress"> <End Role="User" Type="GenesisEntityModel.Store.User" Multiplicity="1"/> <End Role="Address" Type="GenesisEntityModel.Store.Address" Multiplicity="0..1" /> <ReferentialConstraint> <Principal Role="Address"> <PropertyRef Name="addressId"/> </Principal> <Dependent Role="User"> <PropertyRef Name="addressId"/> </Dependent> </ReferentialConstraint> </Association> It is giving a "The Lower Bound of the multiplicity must be 0" error. I would appreciate it if anyone could explain the error, and the best way to solve it. Thanks for any help.

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• Question About Fk refrence in The Collection

  - by Ahmed

  Hi , i have 2 entities : ( person ) & (Address) with follwing mapping : <class name="Adress" table="Adress" lazy="false"> <id name="Id" column="Id"> <generator class="native" /> </id> <many-to-one name="Person" class="Person"> <column name="PersonId" /> </many-to-one> </class> <class name="Person" table="Person" lazy="false"> <id name="PersonId" column="PersonId"> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="Name" column="Name" type="String" not-null="true" /> <set name="Adresses" lazy="true" inverse="true" cascade="save-update"> <key> <column name="PersonId" /> </key> <one-to-many class="Adress" /> </set> </class> my propblem is that when i set Adrees.Person with new object of person ,The collection person.Adresses doesn't update itself . should i update every end role of the association to be updated in the two both? another thing : if i updated the Fk manually like this : Adress.PersonId it doesn't break or change association. does this is Nhibernte behavior ? thanks in advance , i am waiting for your experiencies

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• performance issue: difference between select s.* vs select *

  - by kamil

  Recently I had some problem in performance of my query. The thing is described here: poor Hibernate select performance comparing to running directly - how debug? After long time of struggling, I've finally discovered that the query with select prefix like: select sth.* from Something as sth... Is 300x times slower then query started this way: select * from Something as sth.. Could somebody help me, and asnwer why is that so? Some external documents on this would be really useful. The table used for testing was: SALES_UNIT table contains some basic info abot sales unit node such as name and etc. The only association is to table SALES_UNIT_TYPE, as ManyToOne. The primary key is ID and field VALID_FROM_DTTM which is date. SALES_UNIT_RELATION contains relation PARENT-CHILD between sales unit nodes. Consists of SALES_UNIT_PARENT_ID, SALES_UNIT_CHILD_ID and VALID_TO_DTTM/VALID_FROM_DTTM. No association with any tables. The PK here is ..PARENT_ID, ..CHILD_ID and VALID_FROM_DTTM The actual query I've done was: select s.* from sales_unit s left join sales_unit_relation r on (s.sales_unit_id = r.sales_unit_child_id) where r.sales_unit_child_id is null select * from sales_unit s left join sales_unit_relation r on (s.sales_unit_id = r.sales_unit_child_id) where r.sales_unit_child_id is null Same query, both uses left join and only difference is with select.

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• Ruby On Rails -

  - by Adam S

  I am trying to create a collection_select that is dependent on another collection_select, following the railscasts episode #88.. The database includes a schedule of all cruise ships arrival dates. See attached schema diagram,... (The arrow side of the lines indicate has_many, the non-pointy side indicates belongs_to) In the "booking/new" view I have a collection_select for choosing a cruiseline, then another collection_select will appear for selecting a ship, then another for selecting the date that ship is in. If I ONLY put a collection_select for shipshedule it works fine(because of the direct association with the bookings model). However, if I try to add a collection_select for cruiselines....it breaks(Im assuming because their isnt a direct association). The collection_select for cruiselines returns an undefined method error for "cruiseline_id".....if I simply use "id" the collection_select works, but of course isnt fully functional due to incorrect naming of the form field. I have tried "has_many :shipschedules, :through = :cruiseships" in the cruiseline model and "has_many :bookings, :through = :shipschedules" in the cruiseships model... As you can see in the diagram, I need to access the cruiseships and cruiselines model through the bookings model. I have the models set up so a cruiseline has_many cruiseships, a cruiseship has_many shipschedules, and a shipschedule has_many bookings. But, the bookings model cant directly access the cruiseline model. How do I accomplish this? THANKS!!! http://www.adamstockland.com/common/images/RoRf/PastedGraphic-2.png http://www.adamstockland.com/common/images/RoRf/PastedGraphic-1.png

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• Inheritance Mapping Strategies with Entity Framework Code First CTP5: Part 3 – Table per Concrete Type (TPC) and Choosing Strategy Guidelines

  - by mortezam

  This is the third (and last) post in a series that explains different approaches to map an inheritance hierarchy with EF Code First. I've described these strategies in previous posts: Part 1 – Table per Hierarchy (TPH) Part 2 – Table per Type (TPT)In today’s blog post I am going to discuss Table per Concrete Type (TPC) which completes the inheritance mapping strategies supported by EF Code First. At the end of this post I will provide some guidelines to choose an inheritance strategy mainly based on what we've learned in this series. TPC and Entity Framework in the Past Table per Concrete type is somehow the simplest approach suggested, yet using TPC with EF is one of those concepts that has not been covered very well so far and I've seen in some resources that it was even discouraged. The reason for that is just because Entity Data Model Designer in VS2010 doesn't support TPC (even though the EF runtime does). That basically means if you are following EF's Database-First or Model-First approaches then configuring TPC requires manually writing XML in the EDMX file which is not considered to be a fun practice. Well, no more. You'll see that with Code First, creating TPC is perfectly possible with fluent API just like other strategies and you don't need to avoid TPC due to the lack of designer support as you would probably do in other EF approaches. Table per Concrete Type (TPC)In Table per Concrete type (aka Table per Concrete class) we use exactly one table for each (nonabstract) class. All properties of a class, including inherited properties, can be mapped to columns of this table, as shown in the following figure: As you can see, the SQL schema is not aware of the inheritance; effectively, we’ve mapped two unrelated tables to a more expressive class structure. If the base class was concrete, then an additional table would be needed to hold instances of that class. I have to emphasize that there is no relationship between the database tables, except for the fact that they share some similar columns. TPC Implementation in Code First Just like the TPT implementation, we need to specify a separate table for each of the subclasses. We also need to tell Code First that we want all of the inherited properties to be mapped as part of this table. In CTP5, there is a new helper method on EntityMappingConfiguration class called MapInheritedProperties that exactly does this for us. Here is the complete object model as well as the fluent API to create a TPC mapping: public abstract class BillingDetail {     public int BillingDetailId { get; set; }     public string Owner { get; set; }     public string Number { get; set; } }          public class BankAccount : BillingDetail {     public string BankName { get; set; }     public string Swift { get; set; } }          public class CreditCard : BillingDetail {     public int CardType { get; set; }     public string ExpiryMonth { get; set; }     public string ExpiryYear { get; set; } }      public class InheritanceMappingContext : DbContext {     public DbSet<BillingDetail> BillingDetails { get; set; }              protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)     {         modelBuilder.Entity<BankAccount>().Map(m =>         {             m.MapInheritedProperties();             m.ToTable("BankAccounts");         });         modelBuilder.Entity<CreditCard>().Map(m =>         {             m.MapInheritedProperties();             m.ToTable("CreditCards");         });                 } } The Importance of EntityMappingConfiguration ClassAs a side note, it worth mentioning that EntityMappingConfiguration class turns out to be a key type for inheritance mapping in Code First. Here is an snapshot of this class: namespace System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Configuration.Mapping {     public class EntityMappingConfiguration<TEntityType> where TEntityType : class     {         public ValueConditionConfiguration Requires(string discriminator);         public void ToTable(string tableName);         public void MapInheritedProperties();     } } As you have seen so far, we used its Requires method to customize TPH. We also used its ToTable method to create a TPT and now we are using its MapInheritedProperties along with ToTable method to create our TPC mapping. TPC Configuration is Not Done Yet!We are not quite done with our TPC configuration and there is more into this story even though the fluent API we saw perfectly created a TPC mapping for us in the database. To see why, let's start working with our object model. For example, the following code creates two new objects of BankAccount and CreditCard types and tries to add them to the database: using (var context = new InheritanceMappingContext()) {     BankAccount bankAccount = new BankAccount();     CreditCard creditCard = new CreditCard() { CardType = 1 };                      context.BillingDetails.Add(bankAccount);     context.BillingDetails.Add(creditCard);     context.SaveChanges(); } Running this code throws an InvalidOperationException with this message: The changes to the database were committed successfully, but an error occurred while updating the object context. The ObjectContext might be in an inconsistent state. Inner exception message: AcceptChanges cannot continue because the object's key values conflict with another object in the ObjectStateManager. Make sure that the key values are unique before calling AcceptChanges. The reason we got this exception is because DbContext.SaveChanges() internally invokes SaveChanges method of its internal ObjectContext. ObjectContext's SaveChanges method on its turn by default calls AcceptAllChanges after it has performed the database modifications. AcceptAllChanges method merely iterates over all entries in ObjectStateManager and invokes AcceptChanges on each of them. Since the entities are in Added state, AcceptChanges method replaces their temporary EntityKey with a regular EntityKey based on the primary key values (i.e. BillingDetailId) that come back from the database and that's where the problem occurs since both the entities have been assigned the same value for their primary key by the database (i.e. on both BillingDetailId = 1) and the problem is that ObjectStateManager cannot track objects of the same type (i.e. BillingDetail) with the same EntityKey value hence it throws. If you take a closer look at the TPC's SQL schema above, you'll see why the database generated the same values for the primary keys: the BillingDetailId column in both BankAccounts and CreditCards table has been marked as identity. How to Solve The Identity Problem in TPC As you saw, using SQL Server’s int identity columns doesn't work very well together with TPC since there will be duplicate entity keys when inserting in subclasses tables with all having the same identity seed. Therefore, to solve this, either a spread seed (where each table has its own initial seed value) will be needed, or a mechanism other than SQL Server’s int identity should be used. Some other RDBMSes have other mechanisms allowing a sequence (identity) to be shared by multiple tables, and something similar can be achieved with GUID keys in SQL Server. While using GUID keys, or int identity keys with different starting seeds will solve the problem but yet another solution would be to completely switch off identity on the primary key property. As a result, we need to take the responsibility of providing unique keys when inserting records to the database. We will go with this solution since it works regardless of which database engine is used. Switching Off Identity in Code First We can switch off identity simply by placing DatabaseGenerated attribute on the primary key property and pass DatabaseGenerationOption.None to its constructor. DatabaseGenerated attribute is a new data annotation which has been added to System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace in CTP5: public abstract class BillingDetail {     [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGenerationOption.None)]     public int BillingDetailId { get; set; }     public string Owner { get; set; }     public string Number { get; set; } } As always, we can achieve the same result by using fluent API, if you prefer that: modelBuilder.Entity<BillingDetail>()             .Property(p => p.BillingDetailId)             .HasDatabaseGenerationOption(DatabaseGenerationOption.None); Working With The Object Model Our TPC mapping is ready and we can try adding new records to the database. But, like I said, now we need to take care of providing unique keys when creating new objects: using (var context = new InheritanceMappingContext()) {     BankAccount bankAccount = new BankAccount()      {          BillingDetailId = 1                          };     CreditCard creditCard = new CreditCard()      {          BillingDetailId = 2,         CardType = 1     };                      context.BillingDetails.Add(bankAccount);     context.BillingDetails.Add(creditCard);     context.SaveChanges(); } Polymorphic Associations with TPC is Problematic The main problem with this approach is that it doesn’t support Polymorphic Associations very well. After all, in the database, associations are represented as foreign key relationships and in TPC, the subclasses are all mapped to different tables so a polymorphic association to their base class (abstract BillingDetail in our example) cannot be represented as a simple foreign key relationship. For example, consider the the domain model we introduced here where User has a polymorphic association with BillingDetail. This would be problematic in our TPC Schema, because if User has a many-to-one relationship with BillingDetail, the Users table would need a single foreign key column, which would have to refer both concrete subclass tables. This isn’t possible with regular foreign key constraints. Schema Evolution with TPC is Complex A further conceptual problem with this mapping strategy is that several different columns, of different tables, share exactly the same semantics. This makes schema evolution more complex. For example, a change to a base class property results in changes to multiple columns. It also makes it much more difficult to implement database integrity constraints that apply to all subclasses. Generated SQLLet's examine SQL output for polymorphic queries in TPC mapping. For example, consider this polymorphic query for all BillingDetails and the resulting SQL statements that being executed in the database: var query = from b in context.BillingDetails select b; Just like the SQL query generated by TPT mapping, the CASE statements that you see in the beginning of the query is merely to ensure columns that are irrelevant for a particular row have NULL values in the returning flattened table. (e.g. BankName for a row that represents a CreditCard type). TPC's SQL Queries are Union Based As you can see in the above screenshot, the first SELECT uses a FROM-clause subquery (which is selected with a red rectangle) to retrieve all instances of BillingDetails from all concrete class tables. The tables are combined with a UNION operator, and a literal (in this case, 0 and 1) is inserted into the intermediate result; (look at the lines highlighted in yellow.) EF reads this to instantiate the correct class given the data from a particular row. A union requires that the queries that are combined, project over the same columns; hence, EF has to pad and fill up nonexistent columns with NULL. This query will really perform well since here we can let the database optimizer find the best execution plan to combine rows from several tables. There is also no Joins involved so it has a better performance than the SQL queries generated by TPT where a Join is required between the base and subclasses tables. Choosing Strategy GuidelinesBefore we get into this discussion, I want to emphasize that there is no one single "best strategy fits all scenarios" exists. As you saw, each of the approaches have their own advantages and drawbacks. Here are some rules of thumb to identify the best strategy in a particular scenario: If you don’t require polymorphic associations or queries, lean toward TPC—in other words, if you never or rarely query for BillingDetails and you have no class that has an association to BillingDetail base class. I recommend TPC (only) for the top level of your class hierarchy, where polymorphism isn’t usually required, and when modification of the base class in the future is unlikely. If you do require polymorphic associations or queries, and subclasses declare relatively few properties (particularly if the main difference between subclasses is in their behavior), lean toward TPH. Your goal is to minimize the number of nullable columns and to convince yourself (and your DBA) that a denormalized schema won’t create problems in the long run. If you do require polymorphic associations or queries, and subclasses declare many properties (subclasses differ mainly by the data they hold), lean toward TPT. Or, depending on the width and depth of your inheritance hierarchy and the possible cost of joins versus unions, use TPC. By default, choose TPH only for simple problems. For more complex cases (or when you’re overruled by a data modeler insisting on the importance of nullability constraints and normalization), you should consider the TPT strategy. But at that point, ask yourself whether it may not be better to remodel inheritance as delegation in the object model (delegation is a way of making composition as powerful for reuse as inheritance). Complex inheritance is often best avoided for all sorts of reasons unrelated to persistence or ORM. EF acts as a buffer between the domain and relational models, but that doesn’t mean you can ignore persistence concerns when designing your classes. SummaryIn this series, we focused on one of the main structural aspect of the object/relational paradigm mismatch which is inheritance and discussed how EF solve this problem as an ORM solution. We learned about the three well-known inheritance mapping strategies and their implementations in EF Code First. Hopefully it gives you a better insight about the mapping of inheritance hierarchies as well as choosing the best strategy for your particular scenario. Happy New Year and Happy Code-Firsting! References ADO.NET team blog Java Persistence with Hibernate book a { color: #5A99FF; } a:visited { color: #5A99FF; } .title { padding-bottom: 5px; font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 15px; } .code, .typeName { font-family: consolas; } .typeName { color: #2b91af; } .padTop5 { padding-top: 5px; } .padTop10 { padding-top: 10px; } .exception { background-color: #f0f0f0; font-style: italic; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }

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• Stumbling Through: Visual Studio 2010 (Part I)

  Ive spent the better part of the last two years doing nothing but K2 workflow development, which until very recently could only be done in Visual Studio 2005 so I am a bit behind the times. I seem to have skipped over using Visual Studio 2008 entirely, and I am now ready to stumble through all that Ive missed. Not that I will abandon my K2 ramblings, but I need to get back to some of the other technologies I am passionate about but havent had the option of working with them on a day-to-day basis as I have with K2 blackpearl. Specifically, I am going to be focusing my efforts on what is new in the Entity Framework and WPF in Visual Studio 2010, though you have to keep in mind that since I have skipped VS 2008, I may be giving VS 2010 credit for things that really have been around for a while (hey, if I havent seen it, it is new to me!). I have the following simple goals in mind for this exercise: Entity Framework Model an inherited class Entity Framework Model a lookup entity WPF Bind a list of entities WPF - on selection of an entity in the bound list, display values of the selected entity WPF For the lookup field, provide a dropdown of potential values to lookup All of these goals must be accomplished using as little code as possible, relying on the features we get out of the box in Visual Studio 2010. This isnt going to be rocket science here, Im not even looking to get or save this data from/to a data source, but I gotta start somewhere and hopefully it will grow into something more interesting. For this exercise, I am going to try to model some fictional data about football players and personnel (maybe turning this into some sort of NFL simulation game if I lose my job and can play with this all day), so Ill start with a Person class that has a name property, and extend that with a Player class to include a Position lookup property. The idea is that a Person can be a Player, Coach or whatever other personnel type may be associated with a football team but well only flesh out the Player aspect of a person for this. So to get started, I fired up Visual Studio 2010 and created a new WPF Application: To this project, I added a new ADO.NET Entity Data Model named PlayerModel (for now, not sure what will be an appropriate name so this may be revisited): I chose for it to be an empty model, as I dont have a database designed for this yet: Using the toolbox, I dragged out an entity for each of the items we identified earlier: Person, Player and Position, and gave them some simple properties (note that I kept the default Id property for each of them): Now to figure out how to link these things together the way I want to first, lets try to tell it that Player extends Person. I see that Inheritance is one of the items in the toolbox, but I cant seem to drag it out anywhere onto the canvas. However, when I right-click an element, I get the option to Add Inheritance to it, which gives us exactly what we want: Ok, now that we have that, how do we tell it that each player has a position? Well, despite association being in the toolbox, I have learned that you cant just drag and drop those elements so I right click Player and select Add -> Association to get the following dialog: I see the option here to Add foreign key properties to my entities Ive read somewhere this this is a new and highly-sought after feature so Ill see what it does. Selecting it includes a PositionId on the Player element for me, which seems pretty database-centric and I would like to see if I can live without it for now given that we also got the Position property out of this association. Ill bring it back into the fold if it ends up being useful later. Here is what we end up with now: Trying to compile this resulted in an error stating that the Player entity cannot have an Id, because the Person element it extends already has a property named Id. Makes sense, so I remove it and compile again. Success, but with a warning but success is a good thing so Ill pretend I didnt see that warning for now. It probably has to do with the fact that my Player entity is now pretty useless as it doesnt have any non-navigation properties. So things seem to match what we are going for, great now what the heck do we do with this? Lets switch gears and see what we get for free dealing with this model from the UI. Lets open up the MainWindow.xaml and see if we can connect to our entities as a data source. Hey, whats this? Have you read my mind, Visual Studio? Our entities are already listed in the Data Sources panel: I do notice, however, that our Player entity is missing. Is this due to that compilation warning? Ill add a bogus property to our player entity just to see if that is the case no, still no love. The warning reads: Error 2062: No mapping specified for instances of the EntitySet and AssociationSet in the EntityContainer PlayerModelContainer. Well if everything worked without any issues, then I wouldnt be stumbling through at all, so lets get to the bottom of this. My good friend google indicates that the warning is due to the model not being tied up to a database. Hmmm, so why dont Players show up in my data sources? A little bit of drill-down shows that they are, in fact, exposed under Positions: Well now that isnt quite what I want. While you could get to players through a position, it shouldnt be that way exclusively. Oh well, I can ignore that for now lets drag Players out onto the canvas after selecting List from the dropdown: Hey, what the heck? I wanted a list not a listview. Get rid of that list view that was just dropped, drop in a listbox and then drop the Players entity into it. That will bind it for us. Of course, there isnt any data to show, which brings us to the really hacky part of all this and that is to stuff some test data into our view source without actually getting it from any data source. To do this through code, we need to grab a reference to the positionsPlayersViewSource resource that was created for us when we dragged out our Players entity. We then set the source of that reference equal to a populated list of Players.  Well add a couple of players that way as well as a few positions via the positionsViewSource resource, and Ill ensure that each player has a position specified.  Ultimately, the code looks like this: System.Windows.Data.CollectionViewSource positionViewSource = ((System.Windows.Data.CollectionViewSource)(this.FindResource("positionsViewSource")));             List<Position> positions = new List<Position>();             Position newPosition = new Position();             newPosition.Id = 0;             newPosition.Name = "WR";             positions.Add(newPosition);             newPosition = new Position();             newPosition.Id = 1;             newPosition.Name = "RB";             positions.Add(newPosition);             newPosition = new Position();             newPosition.Id = 2;             newPosition.Name = "QB";             positions.Add(newPosition);             positionViewSource.Source = positions;             System.Windows.Data.CollectionViewSource playerViewSource = ((System.Windows.Data.CollectionViewSource)(this.FindResource("positionsPlayersViewSource")));             List<Player> players = new List<Player>();             Player newPlayer = new Player();             newPlayer.Id = 0;             newPlayer.Name = "Test Dude";             newPlayer.Position = positions[0];             players.Add(newPlayer);             newPlayer = new Player();             newPlayer.Id = 1;             newPlayer.Name = "Test Dude II";             newPlayer.Position = positions[1];             players.Add(newPlayer);             newPlayer = new Player();             newPlayer.Id = 2;             newPlayer.Name = "Test Dude III";             newPlayer.Position = positions[2];             players.Add(newPlayer);             playerViewSource.Source = players; Now that our views are being loaded with data, we can go about tying things together visually. Drop a text box (to show the selected players name) and a combo box (to show the selected players position). Drag the Positions entity from the data sources panel to the combo box to wire it up to the positions view source. Click the text box that was dragged, and find its Text property in the properties pane. There is a little glyph next to it that displays Advanced Properties when hovered over click this and then select Apply Data Binding. In the dialog that appears, we can select the current players name as the value to bind to: Similarly, we can wire up the combo boxs SelectedItem value to the current players position: When the application is executed and we navigate through the various players, we automatically get their name and position bound to the appropriate fields: All of this was accomplished with no code save for loading the test data, and I might add, it was pretty intuitive to do so via the drag and drop of entities straight from the data sources panel. So maybe all of this was old hat to you, but I was very impressed with this experience and I look forward to stumbling through the caveats of doing more complex data modeling and binding in this fashion. Next up, I suppose, will be figuring out how to get the entities to get real data from a data source instead of stuffing it with test data as well as trying to figure out why Players ended up being under Positions in the data sources panel.Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• OSX/Wine - Associating file extension (.php) with a Windows program on OSX

  - by Damion Hankejh

  Greetings, I am running PSPad (a Windows programming editor) on OSX/Snow Leopard using Wine 1.1.35 I want to associate various file extensions (.php, .js, .html) with PSPad.exe OSX Finder does not allow this association -- I can only associate file types with $.app items in Applications. How do I get OSX to pass a file to Wine/PSPad when I double click it in Finder?

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• ASA hairpining: I basicaly want to allow 2 spokes to be able to communicate with each other.

  - by Thirst4Knowledge

  ASA Spoke to Spoke Communication I have been looking at spke to spoke comms or "hairpining" for months and have posted on numerouse forums but to no avail. I have a Hub and spoke network where the HUB is an ASA Firewall version 8.2 * I basicaly want to allow 2 spokes to be able to communicate with each other. I think that I have got the concept of the ASA Config for example: same-security-traffic permit intra-interface access-list HQ-LAN extended permit ip ASA-LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list HQ-LAN extended permit ip 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 I think my problem may be that the other spokes are not CIsco Firewalls and I need to work out how to do the alternative setups. I want to at least make sure that my firewall etup is correct then I can move onto the other spokes here is my config: Hostname ASA domain-name mydomain.com names ! interface Ethernet0/0 speed 100 duplex full nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 1.1.1.246 255.255.255.224 ! interface Ethernet0/1 speed 100 duplex full nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.240.33 255.255.255.224 ! interface Ethernet0/2 description DMZ VLAN-253 speed 100 duplex full nameif DMZ security-level 50 ip address 192.168.254.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/3 no nameif no security-level no ip address ! boot system disk0:/asa821-k8.bin ftp mode passive clock timezone GMT/BST 0 dns server-group DefaultDNS domain-name mydomain.com same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object-group network ASA_LAN_Plus_HQ_LAN network-object ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 network-object HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_acl remark Exchange web access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-Exchange_server-NAT eq https access-list outside_acl remark PPTP Encapsulation access-list outside_acl extended permit gre any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT access-list outside_acl remark PPTP access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT eq pptp access-list outside_acl remark Intra Http access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT eq www access-list outside_acl remark Intra Https access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT eq https access-list outside_acl remark SSL Server-Https 443 access-list outside_acl remark Https 8443(Open VPN Custom port for SSLVPN client downlaod) access-list outside_acl remark FTP 20 access-list outside_acl remark Http access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_1 access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT eq 8443 access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT eq www access-list outside_acl remark For secure remote Managment-SSH access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT eq ssh access-list outside_acl extended permit ip Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 access-list ASP-Live remark Live ASP access-list ASP-Live extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Bo remark Bo access-list Bo extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.169.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Bill remark Bill access-list Bill extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Bill.15 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Bill.5 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.149.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.160.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.165.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.140.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.152.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.153.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.163.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.157.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.167.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.156.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.161.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.143.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.137.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.159.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.169.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.150.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.162.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.166.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.168.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.174.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.127.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.173.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.175.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.176.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip host 192.168.240.34 Cisco-admin-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip host Tunnel-DC host HQ-SDSL-Peer access-list no-nat extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list Car remark Car access-list Car extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.165.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Che remark Che access-list Che extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Chi remark Chi access-list Chi extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.140.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Cla remark Cla access-list Cla extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.152.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Eas remark Eas access-list Eas extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.149.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Ess remark Ess access-list Ess extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.153.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Gat remark Gat access-list Gat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.163.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Hud remark Hud access-list Hud extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.157.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Ilk remark Ilk access-list Ilk extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.167.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Ken remark Ken access-list Ken extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.156.0 255.255.255.0 access-list North-Office remark North-Office access-list North-Office extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_acl remark Inside_ad access-list inside_acl extended permit ip any any access-list Old_HQ remark Old_HQ access-list Old_HQ extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list Old_HQ extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list She remark She access-list She extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.150.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Lit remark Lit access-list Lit extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.143.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Mid remark Mid access-list Mid extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.137.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Spi remark Spi access-list Spi extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.162.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Tor remark Tor access-list Tor extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.166.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Tra remark Tra access-list Tra extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.168.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Tru remark Tru access-list Tru extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.174.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Yo remark Yo access-list Yo extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.127.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Nor remark Nor access-list Nor extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.159.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Nor extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.173.0 255.255.255.0 inactive access-list ST remark ST access-list ST extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.175.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Le remark Le access-list Le extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.161.0 255.255.255.0 access-list DMZ-ACL remark DMZ access-list DMZ-ACL extended permit ip host OpenVPN-Srvr any access-list no-nat-dmz remark DMZ -No Nat access-list no-nat-dmz extended permit ip 192.168.250.0 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list Split_Tunnel_List remark ASA-LAN access-list Split_Tunnel_List standard permit ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 access-list Split_Tunnel_List standard permit Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_30 remark Po access-list outside_cryptomap_30 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Po 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_24 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_16 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_34 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_31_cryptomap extended permit ip host 192.168.240.34 Cisco-admin-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_32_cryptomap extended permit ip host Tunnel-DC host HQ-SDSL-Peer access-list Genimage_VPN_Any_connect_pix_client remark Genimage "Any Connect" VPN access-list Genimage_VPN_Any_connect_pix_client standard permit Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 access-list Split-Tunnel-ACL standard permit ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 access-list nonat extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging enable logging timestamp logging console notifications logging monitor notifications logging buffered warnings logging asdm informational no logging message 106015 no logging message 313001 no logging message 313008 no logging message 106023 no logging message 710003 no logging message 106100 no logging message 302015 no logging message 302014 no logging message 302013 no logging message 302018 no logging message 302017 no logging message 302016 no logging message 302021 no logging message 302020 flow-export destination inside MS-ISA-Server 2055 flow-export destination outside 192.168.130.126 2055 flow-export template timeout-rate 1 flow-export delay flow-create 15 mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 mtu DMZ 1500 mtu management 1500 ip local pool RAS-VPN 10.0.0.1.1-10.0.0.1.254 mask 255.255.255.255 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 icmp permit any unreachable outside icmp permit any echo outside icmp permit any echo-reply outside icmp permit any outside icmp permit any echo inside icmp permit any echo-reply inside icmp permit any echo DMZ icmp permit any echo-reply DMZ asdm image disk0:/asdm-621.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 nat-control global (outside) 1 interface global (inside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list no-nat nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 nat (DMZ) 0 access-list no-nat-dmz static (inside,outside) MS-ISA-Server-NAT MS-ISA-Server netmask 255.255.255.255 static (DMZ,outside) OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT OpenVPN-Srvr netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) MS-Exchange_server-NAT MS-Exchange_server netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group outside_acl in interface outside access-group inside_acl in interface inside access-group DMZ-ACL in interface DMZ route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route outside Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside Open-VPN 255.255.248.0 OpenVPN-Srvr 1 route inside HQledon-Voice-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route outside Bill 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside Yo 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside 192.168.129.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route outside HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside Mid 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.140.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.143.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.149.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.152.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.153.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.156.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.157.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.159.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.160.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.161.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.162.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.163.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.165.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.166.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.167.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.168.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.173.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.174.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.175.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside ASA_LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.124.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.51.0 255.255.255.128 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.240.0 255.255.255.224 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.240.164 255.255.255.224 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.240.196 255.255.255.224 192.168.240.34 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa-server vpn protocol radius max-failed-attempts 5 aaa-server vpn (inside) host 192.168.X.2 timeout 60 key a5a53r3t authentication-port 1812 radius-common-pw a5a53r3t aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL aaa authentication http console LOCAL http server enable http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside http 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.255 outside http 1.1.1.234 255.255.255.255 outside http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 management http 1.1.100.198 255.255.255.255 outside http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside crypto map FW_Outside_map 1 match address Bill crypto map FW_Outside_map 1 set peer x.x.x.121 crypto map FW_Outside_map 1 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 2 match address Bo crypto map FW_Outside_map 2 set peer x.x.x.202 crypto map FW_Outside_map 2 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 3 match address ASP-Live crypto map FW_Outside_map 3 set peer x.x.x.113 crypto map FW_Outside_map 3 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 4 match address Car crypto map FW_Outside_map 4 set peer x.x.x.205 crypto map FW_Outside_map 4 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 5 match address Old_HQ crypto map FW_Outside_map 5 set peer x.x.x.2 crypto map FW_Outside_map 5 set transform-set SECURE WG crypto map FW_Outside_map 6 match address Che crypto map FW_Outside_map 6 set peer x.x.x.204 crypto map FW_Outside_map 6 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 7 match address Chi crypto map FW_Outside_map 7 set peer x.x.x.212 crypto map FW_Outside_map 7 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 8 match address Cla crypto map FW_Outside_map 8 set peer x.x.x.215 crypto map FW_Outside_map 8 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 9 match address Eas crypto map FW_Outside_map 9 set peer x.x.x.247 crypto map FW_Outside_map 9 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 10 match address Ess crypto map FW_Outside_map 10 set peer x.x.x.170 crypto map FW_Outside_map 10 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 11 match address Hud crypto map FW_Outside_map 11 set peer x.x.x.8 crypto map FW_Outside_map 11 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 12 match address Gat crypto map FW_Outside_map 12 set peer x.x.x.212 crypto map FW_Outside_map 12 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 13 match address Ken crypto map FW_Outside_map 13 set peer x.x.x.230 crypto map FW_Outside_map 13 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 14 match address She crypto map FW_Outside_map 14 set peer x.x.x.24 crypto map FW_Outside_map 14 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 15 match address North-Office crypto map FW_Outside_map 15 set peer x.x.x.94 crypto map FW_Outside_map 15 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 match address outside_cryptomap_16 crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 set peer x.x.x.134 crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 set security-association lifetime seconds crypto map FW_Outside_map 17 match address Lit crypto map FW_Outside_map 17 set peer x.x.x.110 crypto map FW_Outside_map 17 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 18 match address Mid crypto map FW_Outside_map 18 set peer 78.x.x.110 crypto map FW_Outside_map 18 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 19 match address Sp crypto map FW_Outside_map 19 set peer x.x.x.47 crypto map FW_Outside_map 19 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 20 match address Tor crypto map FW_Outside_map 20 set peer x.x.x.184 crypto map FW_Outside_map 20 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 21 match address Tr crypto map FW_Outside_map 21 set peer x.x.x.75 crypto map FW_Outside_map 21 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 22 match address Yo crypto map FW_Outside_map 22 set peer x.x.x.40 crypto map FW_Outside_map 22 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 23 match address Tra crypto map FW_Outside_map 23 set peer x.x.x.145 crypto map FW_Outside_map 23 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 match address outside_cryptomap_24 crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 set peer x.x.x.46 crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 set security-association lifetime seconds crypto map FW_Outside_map 25 match address Nor crypto map FW_Outside_map 25 set peer x.x.x.70 crypto map FW_Outside_map 25 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 26 match address Ilk crypto map FW_Outside_map 26 set peer x.x.x.65 crypto map FW_Outside_map 26 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 27 match address Nor crypto map FW_Outside_map 27 set peer x.x.x.240 crypto map FW_Outside_map 27 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 match address ST crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set peer x.x.x.163 crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set security-association lifetime seconds crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set security-association lifetime kilobytes crypto map FW_Outside_map 29 match address Lei crypto map FW_Outside_map 29 set peer x.x.x.4 crypto map FW_Outside_map 29 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 30 match address outside_cryptomap_30 crypto map FW_Outside_map 30 set peer x.x.x.34 crypto map FW_Outside_map 30 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 match address outside_31_cryptomap crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 set pfs crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 set peer Cisco-admin-Peer crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 set transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 match address outside_32_cryptomap crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 set pfs crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 set peer HQ-SDSL-Peer crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 set transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map FW_Outside_map 34 match address outside_cryptomap_34 crypto map FW_Outside_map 34 set peer x.x.x.246 crypto map FW_Outside_map 34 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map FW_Outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap crypto map FW_Outside_map interface outside crypto map FW_outside_map 31 set peer x.x.x.45 crypto isakmp identity address crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 9 webvpn enable outside svc enable group-policy ASA-LAN-VPN internal group-policy ASA_LAN-VPN attributes wins-server value 192.168.x.1 192.168.x.2 dns-server value 192.168.x.1 192.168.x.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec svc split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value Split-Tunnel-ACL default-domain value MYdomain username xxxxxxxxxx password privilege 15 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup ipsec-attributes isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.121 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x..121 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.202 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.202 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.113 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.113 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.205 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.205 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.204 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.204 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.212 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.212 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.215 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.215 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.247 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.247 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.170 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.170 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x..8 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.8 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.212 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.212 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.230 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.230 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.24 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.24 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.46 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.46 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.4 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.4 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.110 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.110 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group 78.x.x.110 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 78.x.x.110 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.47 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.47 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.34 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.34 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x..129 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.129 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.94 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.94 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.40 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.40 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.65 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.65 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.70 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.70 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.134 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.134 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.163 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.163 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.2 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.2 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group ASA-LAN-VPN type remote-access tunnel-group ASA-LAN-VPN general-attributes address-pool RAS-VPN authentication-server-group vpn authentication-server-group (outside) vpn default-group-policy ASA-LAN-VPN tunnel-group ASA-LAN-VPN ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.184 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.184 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.145 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.145 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.75 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.75 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.246 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.246 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.2 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x..2 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.98 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.98 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! ! ! policy-map global_policy description Netflow class class-default flow-export event-type all destination MS-ISA-Server policy-map type inspect dns migrated_dns_map_1 parameters message-length maximum 512 Anyone have a clue because Im on the verge of going postal.....

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• OS X/Wine - Associating file extension (.php) with a Windows program on OS X

  - by Damion Hankejh

  Greetings, I am running PSPad (a Windows programming editor) on Mac OS X (Snow Leopard) using Wine 1.1.35 I want to associate various file extensions (.php, .js, .html) with PSPad.exe Finder does not allow this association -- I can only associate file types with $.app items in Applications. How do I get OS X to pass a file to Wine/PSPad when I double click it in Finder?

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• HTTP not working EC2 instance with own domain name

  - by bogdanvursu

  I have this problem I've already posted on the Amazon AWS forum. Unfortunately I haven't got a clear answer I and I was hoping you guys could help. Here's the link: http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/thread.jspa?messageID=198238#198207 Basically I don't know why after associating an Elastic IP address and mapping it to one of my domains, FTP an ping work fine, but HTTP does a 302 redirect to the Amazon AWS hostname I had before associating the Elastic IP address. Here's the question from the AWS forum: I have an EC2 instance with HTTP and FTP installed. They both worked. Then I associated an Elastic IP address to that instance. Then I mapped that IP address to a name which is a subdomain of a domain I own. I think it's an A name (I didn't do the mapping personally). Now FTP works and HTTP doesn't. The AWS host name before the Elastic IP association: ec2-184-73-27-8.compute-1.amazonaws.com The AWS IP address and host name after the association: 174.129.7.254 and ec2-174-129-7-254.compute-1.amazonaws.com The domain which is mapped to 174.129.7.254 using an A record is: demo.flashxml.net FTP works means that I can connect to both 174.129.7.254, ec2-174-129-7-254.compute-1.amazonaws.com and demo.flashxml.net. HTTP doesn't work means that a HTTP request to 174.129.7.254, ec2-174-129-7-254.compute-1.amazonaws.com or demo.flashxml.net returns a 302 redirect to ec2-184-73-27-8.compute-1.amazonaws.com Here is my VirtualHost file: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /home/ec2-user/public_html/wordpress ServerName demo.flashxml.net ErrorLog logs/ec2-user-error_log <Directory /home/ec2-user/public_html/wordpress> AllowOverride FileInfo Order Deny,Allow Allow from All </Directory> </VirtualHost> I finally figured out what was wrong. It's the fact that I installed Wordpress on the server using the hostname provided by Amazon. After associating the Elastic IP and updating the DNS records, the server was reachable - FTP working was the proof of that. The 302 redirect when accessing via HTTP was caused by Wordpress's hostname settings. So, what I've learned from all this was that I should setup my IP and DNS first and only after that install Wordpress or any other web app(s).

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• IPSEC site-to-site Openswan to Cisco ASA

  - by Jim

  I recieved a list of commands that were run on the right side of the VPN tunnel which is where the Cisco ASA resides. On my side, I have a linux based firewall running debian with openswan installed. I am having an issue with getting to Phase 2 of the VPN negotiation. Here is the Cisco Information I was sent: {my_public_ip} = left side of connection tunnel-group {my_public_ip} type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group {my_public_ip} ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key fakefake crypto map vpn1 1 match add customer-ipsec crypto map vpn1 1 set peer {my_public_ip} crypto map vpn1 1 set transform-set aes-256-sha crypto map vpn1 interface outside static (outside,inside) 10.2.1.200 {my_public_ip} netmask 255.255.255.255 crypto ipsec transform-set aes-256-sha esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto map vpn1 1 match address customer-ipsec crypto map vpn1 1 set peer {my_public_ip} crypto map vpn1 1 set transform-set aes-256-sha crypto map vpn1 interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 Myside ipsec.conf config setup klipsdebug=none plutodebug=none protostack=netkey #nat_traversal=yes conn cisco #name of VPN connection type=tunnel authby=secret #left side (myside) left={myPublicIP} leftsubnet=172.16.250.0/24 #net subnet on left sdie to assign to right side leftnexthop=%defaultroute #right security gateway (ASA side) right={CiscoASA_publicIP} #cisco ASA rightsubnet=10.2.1.0/24 rightnexthop=%defaultroute #crypo stuff keyexchange=ike ikelifetime=86400s auth=esp pfs=no compress=no auto=start ipsec.secrets file {CiscoASA_publicIP} {myPublicIP}: PSK "fakefake" When I start ipsec from the left side/my side I don't recieve any errors, however when I run the ipsec auto --status command: 000 "cisco": 172.16.250.0/24==={left_public_ip}<{left_public_ip}>[+S=C]---{left_public_ip_gateway}...{left_public_ip_gateway}--{right_public_ip}<{right_public_ip}>[+S=C]===10.2.1.0/24; prospective erouted; eroute owner: #0 000 "cisco": myip=unset; hisip=unset; 000 "cisco": ike_life: 86400s; ipsec_life: 28800s; rekey_margin: 540s; rekey_fuzz: 100%; keyingtries: 0 000 "cisco": policy: PSK+ENCRYPT+TUNNEL+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK+lKOD+rKOD; prio: 24,24; interface: eth0; 000 "cisco": newest ISAKMP SA: #0; newest IPsec SA: #0; 000 000 #2: "cisco":500 STATE_MAIN_I1 (sent MI1, expecting MR1); EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 10s; nodpd; idle; import:admin initiate 000 #2: pending Phase 2 for "cisco" replacing #0 Now I'm new to setting up an site-to-site IPSEC tunnel so the status informatino I am unsure what it means. All I know is it sits at this "pending Phase 2" and I can't ping the other side, Another question I have is, if I do a route -n, should I see anything relating to this connection? Also, I read a few artilcle where configs contained the interface="ipsec0=eth0", is this an interface that I have to create on the linux debian firewall on my side? Appreciate your time to look at this.

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• Windows 8.1 Insufficient storage available to create shadow copy

  - by Bob.at.SBS

  [Note: After I entered the problem statement, I found this question, which is apparently the same problem. Maybe one of us will get a good answer...] I have used the "Windows 7 File Recovery" tool under Windows 8 to create system image backups to an external USB hard drive. I built a new Windows 8.1 machine, and I want to create my first system image backup of that machine to the same USB hard drive. The "Windows 7 File Recovery" tool is gone in Windows 8.1, but wbAdmin is alive and well: wbAdmin start backup -backupTarget:\\?\Volume{2a2b...994f} -allCritical -quiet fails with this text displayed: wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool (C) Copyright 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Retrieving volume information... This will back up (EFI System Partition),(C:),Recovery (300.00 MB) to \?\Volume {2a2b1255-3a86-11e3-be86-b8ca3a83994f}. The backup operation to F: is starting. Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... Summary of the backup operation: The backup operation stopped before completing. The backup operation stopped before completing. Detailed error: ERROR - A Volume Shadow Copy Service operation error has occurred: (0x8004231f) Insufficient storage available to create either the shadow copy storage file or other shadow copy data. The EFI System Partition is 100 MB The Recovery Partition is 300 MB The C partition is 1.72 TB, NTFS, 218 GB used, 1.51 TB free The destination drive is 1.81 TB, NTFS, 678 GB used, 1.15 TB free I've fiddled with vssadmin resize shadowstorage, with no change in the error. vssadmin list shadowstorage displays: Shadow Copy Storage association For volume: (C:)\?\Volume{37a0...263}\ Shadow Copy Storage volume: (C:)\?\Volume{37a0...263}\ Used Shadow Copy Storage space: 2.39 GB (0%) Allocated Shadow Copy Storage space: 2.81 GB (0%) Maximum Shadow Copy Storage space: 531 GB (30%) Shadow Copy Storage association For volume: (F:)\?\Volume{2a2...94f}\ Shadow Copy Storage volume: (F:)\?\Volume{2a2...94f}\ Used Shadow Copy Storage space: 334 GB (17%) Allocated Shadow Copy Storage space: 337 GB (18%) Maximum Shadow Copy Storage space: UNBOUNDED (922154758%) (Yeah, the "percent calculation" for UNBOUNDED is seriously bogus.) I've run SFC /verifyonly and it seems happy. I've verified that the new `Volume Shadow Copy" service starts when I start the backup operation. Any suggestions?

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• UID/username lookup on IBM z/os USS

  - by jgrump2012

  How can I associate a UID to a specific username on IBM z/OS Unix System Services? Within USS, I see content created in my user space which I do not own. File ownership lists a three digit numerical value, rather than a userid, which I presume to be a UID. I've unsuccessfully attempted to make a username association using commands: tsocmd "search class(USER) uid(###)" tsocmd "rlist unixmap u### all"

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• Can I define Alt key menu keyboard shortcuts for bookmarks in Firefox 3.6?

  - by Peter Mortensen

  Can I define Alt key menu keyboard shortcuts for bookmarks in Firefox 3.6? Example: Tropical Weather is in the Bookmarks menu. A keyboard-only way to use this bookmark is: Alt + B + <press down arrow key a number of times + Enter I would like to be able to do it this way: Alt + B + W + Enter Where the association of the underlined letter in the bookmark menu, W, to Tropical Weather is user-defined. Is it possible?

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• File associations not present in Microsoft Office 2010

  - by Babs Carter

  The error when trying to open MS Office is that there is no file association & another error when trying to open individual progs is - side bt side configuration is incorrect. The suite has been working perfectly until last week ( no significant changes to system ) I have tried downloading the VC++ & uninstalled & reinstalled twice, even deleted the registry entry for office 2010 before reinstall but have had no success. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• Windows 2003 lost file extensions

  - by pho3nix

  I have a server with windows 2003, recently i installed a software in this server. When i restarted server my all files can't open sending to a command prompt saying: No program associated with ".exe" file extension. This occurred to all files types in system. When i go see file types association i see this: C:\WINDOWS\System32\WScript.exe "%1" %*, change result but when restart return to same. Any idea to resolve?

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• What issues ensue from having multiple versions of Office installed?

  - by Michael Sorens

  My ultimate question is embodied in the title but I thought it might be helpful to others if I detail what instigated my inquiry and my examination of the problem. To me, the first rule of software updates is Primum non nocere -- first, do no harm. So with my Windows 7 system containing both Office 2003 and Office 2010 I blithely proceeded to install this month's updates from Microsoft, containing updates for both versions of Office. While Microsoft officially does not recommend running multiple versions (see, for example, Running Multiple Versions of Microsoft Excel it is possible; I have had two versions installed for a year or more and have never run into an issue before. One thing that is always mentioned is installation order, i.e., the one you want to open files by default should be installed last. I wanted 2010 as my default so I had indeed installed 2003 first then, years later, 2010. So with this round of Windows updates, either it installed patches to 2010 before 2003, knocking out the file association, or the 2003 patch was more comprehensive, in the sense of touching the file association while the 2010 did not. In any case, after updates, double-clicking a .xls file opened 2003 rather than 2010. Web search indicated either: Use the file associations control panel to re-associate .xls files with the correct version of excel. I looked at this first, but it showed what seemed to be an unversioned "Excel" associated with .xls files so I did not check further. (This turned out to be an error on my part; more later.) Re-install versions in the desired order; I find this unreasonable. Run the repair option of the Office installer on the desired version; still seems more work than one should need. Run excel from the command line with "/regserver" on the one to be the default and "/unregserver" on the other. Good idea, but further search indicated that neither 2007 nor 2010 support "/regserver" contrary to some posts (e.g. Default Program With Multiple Versions Installed). Since this was a Windows Update issue and Microsoft provides free support for such, I inquired there as well, but succeeded only in getting the suggestion to uninstall all other versions, period; not acceptable to me. What worked for me was going back to the file associations control panel and manually selected the Office 2010 version of Excel. While it appeared no different in the control panel, it did fix the double-click issue. So if all it takes is this simple fix after an update, I can live with that. What I am wondering is: Has anyone seen any other problems related to having multiple versions of Office installed?

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• Creating a network link between 2 very close buildings

  - by Daniel Johnson

  I have a charity who have two adjacent medium sized modern detached houses (in the UK): the buildings stand next to each other and are less than 5 metres apart. They have DSL connected to a single computer in one of the buildings. They want to add a network with wireless, and want it to work across both buildings. Being a charity they need to keep costs down. The network would be used for sharing Word documents, e-mail, browsing and skyping. My initial thoughts were to connect the buildings with fibre. So: Option 1 Use fibre between the buildings. Sufficient cable and two TP-LINK MC100CM Fast Ethernet Media Converters. Cost ~£80.00. But there is the extra cost and hassle of running the cable down and up the external walls, lifting and relaying paving, and burying underground. Never having fitted fibre I'm also a little worried about going up the wall and then bending the cable at 90 degrees to go through the wall and into the building. Option 2 Use two TP-Link TL-WA7510N High Powered Outdoor 5Ghz 15dBi Wireless antennas to connect the buildings. There is a clear line of sight at first floor level. Cost ~£100. And much easier to fit than fibre! Is using the TL-WA7510Ns overkill? Is there something more suitable? I had hoped to use some Netgear stuff, e.g. two DGN2200, one in each house and also use them to provide the wireless link between the buildings. However, in bridge mode wireless client association is not available and repeater mode with client association only supports WEP security which isn't strong enough. Is there something similar that would be up to the job? Option 3 Connect the buildings with UTP cable. My concerns here are risk of electric shock due to a difference of potential between the buildings (or are they so close this shouldn't be an issue) and protection from lightning strikes. Is fitting lighting arrestors expensive? And what can be done to ameliorate against the risk of shock? This all falls outside my area of expertise so I would really appreciate some advice.

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• Window7 troubleshooting .exe is not opening

  - by Manoj

  Hello, I opened .exe file in internet explorer by mistake after that i am not able to open any exe files, all files are open in internet explorer. The .exe association is corrupted. Please help me to resolve this issue. Thanks,

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• From the Tips Box: Pin Any File to the Windows 7 Taskbar

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Every week we dip into the tip box and share the tips you send in. This week we’re highlighting a great tip and the accompanying tutorial video that shows you how to pin any file to the Windows 7 taskbar. Robert Jasinski writes in with a clever way to pin any file you want to the task bar. By default if you drag a text document to the taskbar it will pin it to the Notepad executable—the same thing happens with any other file that has an association with an executable. What if you want to pin that specific text file to the taskbar and not to the executable (or any other file for that matter)? Robert shares his method:  What is a Histogram, and How Can I Use it to Improve My Photos?How To Easily Access Your Home Network From Anywhere With DDNSHow To Recover After Your Email Password Is Compromised

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