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• Windows CA to issue certificate to authenticate SSH to a Linux server

  - by BArnold

  I have a Windows Server Root Certificate Authority, Linux SSH server, and users with Windows SSH clients. The Linux box is not part of the AD domain (and probably never will be [sigh]) OpenSSH 5.4 and above supports X.509 certiicate based authentication. I am trying to find a way to use my Windows Certificate Authority to issue certificates for authentication of the users when the SSH to the Linux box. I do not want to have to generate a keypair on each user's desktop. And we want the certificates controlled and revokable at the Windows CA. My question is not exactly the same as SSH from Windows to Linux with AD certificates (and the referenced moelinux.net seems to be down) I have searched Google a lot, and haven't found much results about how to accomplish this. An answer doesn't necessarily have to include a full tutorial, even some hints about what to search on or pointers to some references may be helpful.

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• How does the EFI partition work and can I boot an x86 OS with a bootx64.efi file?

  - by Ian

  I have a Thinkpad X230 laptop and I want to install Linux Mint Debian Edition along side Windows 7 on my GPT formatted SSD with the BIOS in UEFI mode. The problem is that I don't understand how EFI booting works. There seems to be an EFI partition involved with some folders and binary files in it. GRUB 2 seems to be able to make more folders in it (I followed this guide http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/UEFI_Firmware), but it appears that the only file that does anything is the bootx64.efi file in the /efi/boot folder of the EFI partition (I am not sure if this is always the case, but it appears to be the case for my laptop http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Category:X220). Here is what I have been able to do: I can install Linux Mint Debian Edition x86 with the BIOS in BIOS mode on my SSD. I can then install grub-efi and follow the guide linked above. The problem is that I don't get a GRUB prompt when I switch the BIOS to UEFI mode. It just boots Windows. It appears that I can either boot from the SSD or something called "Windows Boot Manager". If I replace the bootx64.efi with the file created by GRUB, I can no longer boot directly from the SSD. Booting from "Windows Boot Manager" still works fine. I realize that the guide says to use x64 Linux, but Linux Mint Debian Edition x64 hangs during the install process. I am really confused. What should I do? Can anyone explain how the EFI boot partition works? Can a bootx64.efi boot an x86 OS? Should I just give up with using UEFI? I haven't been able to find very much useful information about using Debian based operating systems with UEFI. Thanks, Ian

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• Gre Tunnel Cisco Linux traffic forwarding

  - by mezgani

  I setup a gre tunnel a cisco router and a Linux machine, the tunnel interface in the Linux box named pic. Well i have to forward traffic coming from cisco through the Linux box. the rules i've set in the Linux box is described as follow: echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -A INPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i pic -o ppp0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o pic -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE I see the traffic coming from tunnel and forwarded to internet but no reply from sent packet. May i miss something like a routing rule.

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• Setting up Samba shares on a Linux VPS

  - by 101265052760541259879

  Hi, I'm trying to set up a folder that can be accessed via Windows clients over the net on my Linux VPS on which our companies website resides. I know a little bit about Linux, and have used Samba before to browse Windows shares from a Linux laptop. I'm guessing it's possible to do the reverse - to share a folder from Linux TO a Windows client. I have root SSH access to the VPS, would anyknow know what steps I need to take to set up the share, and how I can secure it, ideally with a simple username/password so the Windows clients can connect easily? Many thanks, Jack

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• SQL Server on Linux

  - by TimothyAWiseman

  For a particular project that is coming up, I am trying to expand my knowledge of Linux, so I am going to set up a Linux system at home. Rather than dual booting, I am thinking about putting SQL Server on a Windows Virtual Machine with Linux as the host at least until this project is over when I will probably switch back to Linux. So, I have a couple of different, but interrelated questions: How well does this work? This is only a test machine at home, so I can easily accept a fair bit of degradation, but if it is going to be a horrible reduction in performance I will dual boot instead. Is there a particular virtual machine manager I should look at to go this route? Since this is my personal machine, price is an issue but I am quite happy to pay a reasonable amount. And finally, given the choice of VMM, is there a particular Linux Distro I should be looking at? [This has been cross posted at Ask.SqlServerCentral.com . I think it may be appropriate at both sites. ]

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• Running Montavista Linux kernel 2.6.21 on XEN

  - by Josh

  I've been assigned the task of getting our MontaVista Linux (2.6.21 kernel) running on Xen. We'll be running Xen in -hvm- mode. My Xen version is 3.4.0 (linux kernel 2.6.18) and am unable to run MontaVista Linux (kernel 2.6.21) in hvm mode. Does anyone have suggestions?

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• How do I recover from a Linux CentOS 4.6 Operating System Crash

  - by Greg Omebije

  Our x86 Linux server running CentOS4.6 has crashed. The machine boots only to the Grub prompt. We have tried using the "rescue mode" to recover the System, but it hasn't worked. How can we fix this problem, so that the machine boots normally? How can we fix this problem to the point were we can recover our files from the server Our Linux Server Configuration: Dell PowerEdge 1950 Intel Xeon 2 HDD (146GB each) 4GB RAM Hardware and Software raid setup CentOS 4.6 We used Sysrecord to boot the computer: the following are the output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 293.3 GB, 292326211584 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 35539 Cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000080 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 17769 142625070 8e Linux LVM

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• backupexec 12.5 not following symlinks on linux agent

  - by Peter Carrero

  Ok, we are at a loss here trying to backup a linux box to a backupexec server... we got a backupexec 12.5 server and a "backupexec for windows servers linux agent" (sigh) running on one of our linux boxes. When a backup runs, we get exceptions reported for our symbolic links. it says something like: BACKUP- \\<servername>\[ROOT] File \\<servername>\[ROOT]/<foldername>/<symlink> is in the backup selection list but was not found. Looking at the selection list, the symlink shows as a 1k file on BUE. Tools-Options-Backup has Backup files and directories by following symbolic links/junction points selected. These same checkboxes are selected on the Job Setup-Job Properties-Edit Template-Advanced Additionally, all the checkboxes are checkeced on Tools-Options-Linux, Unix, and Macintosh and on the Job Set-Job Properties-Edit Template-Linux, Unix, and Macintosh. These checkboxes read: "Preserve change time", "Follow local mount points", "Follow remote mount points", "Backup contents of soft-linked directories" and "Lock remote files", but apparently changing those options produce the same result. Any help on how to get BUE to make a proper backup would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• Dual booting Linux/Win7, Grub refuses to load Win7

  - by JohnB

  Decided to give Linux Mint a try (Ubuntu's interface annoys me), so I installed it with the intention of dual booting with Windows 7. Installation went fine, but now I can only boot into Linux Mint. Grub lists two Windows 7 menu options, but selecting either of them causes an "unknown file system" error and dumps me into a Grub recovery prompt. There, I have to manually reset the root and prefix options, as they reset hd0,msdos6 when they should be hd0,msdos5. I ran Boot Repair twice, once to fix grub errors, once to rebuild the MBR, but it didn't fix anything. Here is the log: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1029675/ fdisk output: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 1486249145 743021149 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 1486249982 1953523711 233636865 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1486249984 1945141247 229445632 83 Linux /dev/sda6 1945143296 1953523711 4190208 82 Linux swap / Solaris grub.cfg: ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 86184D18184D091F chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 56D84F84D84F60FB chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### I have found a few similar troubleshooting guides so far, but so far no amount of updating/configuring Grub has been successful. Last resort is, I suppose, use the W7 recovery disc and start over. Thanks in advance! Linux Mint 13 Maya, 64-bit Windows 7 Home Edition, 64-bit

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• Linux Mint networking not enabled in VMWare

  - by Igor Ganapolsky

  Hi, I installed Linux Mint in VMware, and I do not understand how to enable networking. My VMware settings use a bridged connection. My other linux distros run fine in vmware - networking works for them. But Linux Mint is the only one that isn't obtaining an ip address. Furthermore, I do not see an option in the administrative menu of Mint to enable networking... Please help. Thanks, Igor

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• windows 7 vs linux on ssd

  - by wushugene

  Why did my old windows 7 install boot faster/run smoother & cooler than each the three linux distros I have recently tried (ubuntu 12.04 unity, linux mint 13 MATE, and fedora 17 on gnome 3.4)?. I have tweaked my linux installs for the ssd (enabling trim, disabling swap, etc.) I'm using an Acer TravelMate with i5-2410m processor, intel hd 3000 graphics, 8 gigs of ram, and a 256 gb samsung 830 ssd. Thanks!

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• "Learning" Linux

  - by Strider

  I've been interested in computers for a long time and have fiddled with a lot of stuff which includes Linux. I started out with Red Hat when I was young (around 13) and lost all data, converting a FAT32 drive to something else. Later it was Knoppix which was really helpful in recovery and such. Then, it was Ubuntu. Also, I fiddled with Arch for some time, but, it breaks too often for my liking (maybe, I should have been more careful). Anyway, currently I use Ubuntu 9.04. I want to dig deeper into the Linux world now. I want to learn how things work and use the terminal more. I am a programmer as well, so, it will help a lot. So, the thing I wanted to ask were: Good books to learn and understand Linux Good habits to use Linux more efficiently. Good tools about which I should know. Amount of time you set aside to learn about new things each day. As a programmer, how do you setup and use Linux efficiently. Long list. I will be grateful to the answerers.

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• What is difference between unix and linux

  - by Xinus

  I want to know what is actual difference between Unix and Linux. Do they share a same kernel ? Is Linux built over Unix Can programs written for Linux work over Unix and vice versa

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• I get a Segmentation fault when doing apt-get util-linux

  - by Adam

  I've found that a lot of upgrade commands and Apache on my system are failing with Segmentation faults. I don't know if this is the main one, but a lot of packages depend on util-linux: root@myUbuntuHardyHeronServer:~# apt-get install util-linux Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be upgraded: util-linux 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 72 not upgraded. 20 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0B/441kB of archives. After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used. (Reading database ... 20547 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace util-linux 2.13.1-5ubuntu2 (using .../util-linux_2.13.1-5ub untu3.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement util-linux ... Segmentation fault dpkg: warning - old post-removal script returned error exit status 139 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Segmentation fault dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/util-linux_2.13.1-5ubuntu3.1_i386 .deb (--unpack): subprocess new post-removal script returned error exit status 139 Segmentation fault dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess post-removal script returned error exit status 139 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/util-linux_2.13.1-5ubuntu3.1_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Linux group permissions getting overwritten by owner

  - by Andy

  I am not a user of Linux, but I am encountering some permissions problems with it that I hope someone can shed some light on. Bit of background: A colleague of mine has a Linux box (running Debian I believe) with an SVN repository on it. The repository directory and files 'owner' is my colleauge. We are both members of a group called 'users'. He manages several projects both Linux and Windows apps, while I have one Windows app. For the Windows apps, we both use TortoiseSVN via an SSH link to commit/update. Performing the command 'ls -l' shows the repository files and folders on the Linux box to have the following permissions: -rwxrwx--- john users However, when my colleauge commits to the repository, the permissions change to: -rwxrwx--- john john This then means I get 'Permission denied' when trying to access the repository myself as it appears that the group permissions have been overwritten with only 'owner' permissions. To fix this, a 'chown -R' command is applied to the files/folders to set the permissions back to owner/group, but each time he writes to the repository, the issue repeats. I'm not sure if this is solely an SVN problem, or a more fundamental owner/group issue. Anyone any clue on how to stop this happening, or where to go and look? I'm trying to help out my colleague who is having some trouble resolving this issue. Apologies for the vague info, I hope I have conveyed the problem clear enough. Like I say, I am not a Linux user, I have only put down what I have managed to pick up from looking over his shoulder. Thanks for any pointers I can pass on!

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• What is the plural of Linux?

  - by Peter Mortensen

  What is the plural of Linux?

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• How to unsquash and mount arch linux live CD

  - by steffen

  I am following this manual to install Arch Linux from within another Linux distro with the help of an Arch Linux live CD. Here is what I did: sudo mount -o loop Downloads/archlinux-2012.11.01-dual.iso arch_iso/ unsquashfs -d squashfs-root/ arch_iso/arch/x86_64/root-image.fs.sfs This results in a directory squashfs-root/ containing one file: root-image.fs I assume that this is not what I want. I want to see something that looks like a Linux root folder. If I follow these steps: "mount the file system" with mount -B /squashfs-root ${livecd_arch} and mount -t proc /proc ${livecd_arch}/proc, I get error messages like: mount: mount point /home/me/arch_root//proc does not exist What am I missing? Thanks!

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• Gre tunnel Linux Cisco

  - by mezgani

  I've created a GRE tunnel between LAN A and LAN B. LAN A is behind a router, and LAN B is behind a Linux box and this box has a pppoe interface. When i do tcpdump on Linux box i see that the traffic is routerd to Linux box (tunnel end), so my need is routing the tunnel traffic to internet. I've added these rules to my iptables script, and i stay unable to connect to internet from LAN A Permitting Linux to act as router (necessary to forward packets) echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -A INPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o gre0 -j MASEQUARADE What i've forgot to set in this case?

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• Using USB drive in Windows and Linux properly

  - by sashkello

  What is the proper way of using a USB hard drive or stick between Linux and Windows? (I'm using Linux Mint 14 and Windows XP on different machines) Should I set it up somehow so that all the files are shared and reused safely between Linux and Windows? The question comes from the recent problem I had. I've created and edited a few folders through Linux and they are not working on Windows now (folder is not accessible. The file or directory is corrupt). While I dealt with that problem, what would be the way of ensuring this doesn't happen again?

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• Safely removing my linux dual boot

  - by de1337ed

  Currently, I dual boot with win7 and opensuse 12.1. Is it okay if I first restore the MBR for win7, and then format the linux drives? Or would it be better for me to first format the linux drives, and then restore the MBR? The reason I ask this is sometimes I get nasty errors when I try and boot into my win7 cd in the latter method. Is it possible to restore the MBR without having to boot into the win7 cd? Like, can I remove linux using the disk management utility in win7, and then fix the mbr while I'm still in win7, or do I have to boot into the win7 cd? If I can do this, how do I go about doing so? Thank you. EDIT::::: The spamming of f8 didn't work, it just made loud beeping noises, so I decided to simply boot into my windows disk and use the bootsect /nt60 SYS /mbr command. Note: I haven't formatted my linux partition yet. After I did that, I restarted my computer, and nothing happened. Basically, GRUB is still the MBR and I'm still able to access openSUSE. I think the reason why this is happening is because I think my GRUB is on a separate partion than the linux OS. Here is a picture of my diskmgmt in win7: . openSUSE did all the partioning stuff for me. All I know is that the 40gb that is there is where openSUSE is installed, but I have no clue what's on the 6.05gb and the 14.75gb partitions. Can anyone help me find which partition GRUB is on, and then remove it so I can restore the windows MBR? Thank you.

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• Windows clients unable to access Samba share on AD joined Linux box every 7 days

  - by Hassle2

  The problem: Every 7 days, 2 Windows Servers are unable to access a SMB/CIFS share. It will start working after a handful of hours. The environment: OpenFiler Linux box joined to 2003 AD Domain Foreground app on Win2003 server access the SMB/CIFS share with windows credentials Another process on Win2008 access the share via SQL Server with windows credentials The Samba version on the Linux box is 3.4.5. Security is set to ADS wbinfo and getent return back expected users and groups Does not look to be a double hop issue as it's always the 2 accounts, regardless of the calling user. There is a DNS entry in both forward and reverse lookup zone for the linux box The linux box's computer object in active directory shows that it was modified around/at the same time that the two clients started failing to access the share Trying to access the share via IP works when by name does not Rebooting the Windows server takes care of it (it's production and only restarted it once) Restarting smbd, winbind, nmbd had no effect Error in samba log for the client in question: smbd/sesssetup.c:342(reply_spnego_kerberos) Failed to verify incoming ticket with error NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE! The Question: Does this look like the machine account password is changing (hence the AD object showing the updated modified date) or are the two windows clients unable to request a new ticket that works against this linux box?

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• Running virtual machines: Linux vs Windows 7

  - by vikp

  Hi, I have tried running windows xp development virtual machine under windows 7 and the performance was dreadful. I'm considering installing Linux and running the virtual machine from the Linux, but I'm not sure whether I can expect any performance gains? It's a 2.4ghz core 2 duo machine with 4gb ram and 5400 rpm hdd. Can somebody please recommend very cut down version of linux that can run VMWare player and isn't resource hungry? Thank you

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• Why do Linux networks use Samba?

  - by Dougal

  The "file and printer sharing" feature of Linux distros is mostly Samba. Samba is an interpretation of Microsoft's network filesystem. Cross-OS compatibility is important of course but why are Linux systems defaulting to this Microsoft technology? Is Microsoft's network filesystem so good? Samba clearly works very well and I'm not "dissing" it. Or, to rephrase the question, "What would be a Linux-native way to share files and printers across a network?"

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• Mount "locked" SD card as read-write in GNU/Linux

  - by Vi

  My Canon PowerShot A470 + CHDK can write to SD-cards that are "locked" (the lock switch is used to make the card bootable), but GNU/Linux `/dev/mmcblk1': Read-only file system (I'm using "Texas Instrument 5-in-1 Multimedia Card Reader") So I have to switch that switch on and off again and again. ("unlocked" to write to the card in Linux, "locked" to boot the camera from it). How to force locked card to be writable in GNU/Linux?

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• Linux Live CD cannot play video

  - by lamwaiman1988

  I want to switch from windows to linux, but before the switch I would like to try them out in the Live CD. I downloaded the iso and created a multiboot usb stick ( by YUMI Multiboot USB Creator ). I can boot into Ubuntu Desktop 12.04 64 bit LTS and Linux Mint 13 Mate 64 bit. I can access the hard drive from there and I tried some video with the default player comes with them ( e.g: GNOME Player and VLC Player ). The player opened but the video didn't play. However, I can play the same video in Puppy Linux. ( Puppy Linux doesn't has a choice over 32-bit or 64-bit ) Maybe my CPU didn't support 64 bit? Here is a snap from CPUZ: CPU: AMD Phenom II X3 710

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