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• fd partitions gone from 2 discs, md happy with it and resyncs. How to recover ?

  - by d0nd

  Hey gurus, need some help badly with this one. I run a server with a 6Tb md raid5 volume built over 7*1Tb disks. I've had to shut down the server lately and when it went back up, 2 out of the 7 disks used for the raid volume had lost its conf : dmesg : [ 10.184167] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 // System disk [ 10.202072] sdb: sdb1 [ 10.210073] sdc: sdc1 [ 10.222073] sdd: sdd1 [ 10.229330] sde: sde1 [ 10.239449] sdf: sdf1 [ 11.099896] sdg: unknown partition table [ 11.255641] sdh: unknown partition table All 7 disks have same geometry and were configured alike : dmesg : Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1e7481a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect All 7 disks (sdb1, sdc1, sdd1, sde1, sdf1, sdg1, sdh1) were used in a md raid5 xfs volume. When booting, md, which was (obviously) out of sync kicked in and automatically started rebuilding over the 7 disks, including the two "faulty" ones; xfs tried to do some shenanigans as well: dmesg : [ 19.566941] md: md0 stopped. [ 19.817038] md: bind<sdc1> [ 19.817339] md: bind<sdd1> [ 19.817465] md: bind<sde1> [ 19.817739] md: bind<sdf1> [ 19.817917] md: bind<sdh> [ 19.818079] md: bind<sdg> [ 19.818198] md: bind<sdb1> [ 19.818248] md: md0: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstruction [ 19.825259] raid5: device sdb1 operational as raid disk 0 [ 19.825261] raid5: device sdg operational as raid disk 6 [ 19.825262] raid5: device sdh operational as raid disk 5 [ 19.825264] raid5: device sdf1 operational as raid disk 4 [ 19.825265] raid5: device sde1 operational as raid disk 3 [ 19.825267] raid5: device sdd1 operational as raid disk 2 [ 19.825268] raid5: device sdc1 operational as raid disk 1 [ 19.825665] raid5: allocated 7334kB for md0 [ 19.825667] raid5: raid level 5 set md0 active with 7 out of 7 devices, algorithm 2 [ 19.825669] RAID5 conf printout: [ 19.825670] --- rd:7 wd:7 [ 19.825671] disk 0, o:1, dev:sdb1 [ 19.825672] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdc1 [ 19.825673] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdd1 [ 19.825675] disk 3, o:1, dev:sde1 [ 19.825676] disk 4, o:1, dev:sdf1 [ 19.825677] disk 5, o:1, dev:sdh [ 19.825679] disk 6, o:1, dev:sdg [ 19.899787] PM: Starting manual resume from disk [ 28.663228] Filesystem "md0": Disabling barriers, not supported by the underlying device [ 28.663228] XFS mounting filesystem md0 [ 28.884433] md: resync of RAID array md0 [ 28.884433] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk. [ 28.884433] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for resync. [ 28.884433] md: using 128k window, over a total of 976759936 blocks. [ 29.025980] Starting XFS recovery on filesystem: md0 (logdev: internal) [ 32.680486] XFS: xlog_recover_process_data: bad clientid [ 32.680495] XFS: log mount/recovery failed: error 5 [ 32.682773] XFS: log mount failed I ran fdisk and flagged sdg1 and sdh1 as fd. I tried to reassemble the array but it didnt work: no matter what was in mdadm.conf, it still uses sdg and sdh instead of sdg1 and sdh1. I checked in /dev and I see no sdg1 and and sdh1, shich explains why it wont use it. I just don't know why those partitions are gone from /dev and how to readd those... blkid : /dev/sda1: LABEL="boot" UUID="519790ae-32fe-4c15-a7f6-f1bea8139409" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda2: TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: LABEL="root" UUID="91390d23-ed31-4af0-917e-e599457f6155" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdb1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdc1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdd1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sde1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdf1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdg: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdh: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" fdisk -l : Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8c878c87 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 12 96358+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 13 134 979965 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 135 4865 38001757+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1e7481a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc9bdc1e9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xcc356c30 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe87f7a3d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb17a2d22 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdg: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8f3bce61 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdg1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdh: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa98062ce Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdh1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect I really dont know what happened nor how to recover from this mess. Needless to say the 5TB or so worth of data sitting on those disks are very valuable to me... Any idea any one? Did anybody ever experienced a similar situation or know how to recover from it ? Can someone help me? I'm really desperate... :x

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• Change permission to mount disk at rdesktop

  - by Tal

  I have ubuntu 10.04 and have installed rdesktop 1.7. I have run these commands: sudo umount /media/Tal sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=0000 /dev/sdb1 /media/Tal rdesktop -0 -r sound:local -f -u administrator -r clipboard:PRIMARYCLIPBOARD -r disk:tal=/media/Tal myip Tal is external hard drive connecting at USB in ntfs file system. I connect to windows 7 I see the hard drive in computer and I can access to files and create new files and folders, But when I try to copy a new file to a folder he show me an error message: You need permission perform this action Your require permission from computer's administrator to make changes to this folder Tal on my computername Disk from Remote Desktop Connection. I try chmod and chown too but I read I linux forum when it ntfs is no use. Some one can help me with my problem?

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• details on USB stick boot disk creation

  - by Deborah Shadovitz

  I am looking at this: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu I need to create a boot disk to test Ubuntu to make sure it will run on a PC (Compaq Mini CQ10-120LA) I was given. I can create the boot disk off of a Mac (in English) or Windows (but Windows is in Spanish and foreign to me). Questions: 1) What format do I choose for the USB stick? (I wish the instructions stated this.) 2) What is Dash? (Will I know when I run the installer?) 3) Can I do this from a Mac or Windows computer? Or only from Ubuntu?

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• Unable to mount hard disk

  - by user101522

  I am unable to mount hard disk and got this message: Unable to mount 158 GB Filesystem Error mounting: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so From the terminal, I tried syslog - try: No command 'syslog' found, did you mean: Command 'dsyslog' from package 'dsyslog' (universe) Command 'syslogd' from package 'sysklogd' (universe) Command 'syslogd' from package 'inetutils-syslogd' (universe) Command 'syslogd' from package 'busybox-syslogd' (universe) syslog: command not found Also tried dmesg | tail: [ 971.390588] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 12 62 30 80 00 00 40 00 [ 971.390600] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 308424832 [ 971.390605] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424840) [ 971.390608] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424848) [ 971.390617] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424856) [ 971.390620] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424864) [ 971.390623] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424872) [ 971.390626] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424880) [ 971.390629] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424888) [ 971.390632] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424896) It was fine before I tried to re-install 12.04 from the live CD (which failed due to the disk problem).

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• Access secondary hard disk from Virtual Machine

  - by Frank V

  I have a fairly specific question. I had Ubuntu on my Laptop (for years). For a variety of reasons, I've had to switch to Windows but the computer has two hard drives. The main drive was reformatted and I've installed windows. The second hard drive still has the Linux system disk format (not sure on type). Obviously, windows can't access it but can I access it from a Virtual machine (VirtualBox) or will I need to load up a Live-Session to access / move the contents? Edit: If this is possible, how would one proceed to mount the disk?

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• Looking for fast, minimal, preferrably free disc cloning software [closed]

  - by Dave

  We have to test our application installation and functionality on many Windows operating system versions and languages (XP, Vista, Win7; English, Spanish, Portuguese, etc; 32-bit & b4-bit.) While we can do much of this in virtual machines, we have noticed that VM's sometimes hide problems, or raise false bugs. So, we need to do "bare metal" OS installation for much of our testing. I have been using Acronis True Image for the past year, and am not impressed. It often gives random errors which require a reboot, and is really slow. For example, when trying to restore an image, it goes through a "Locking partition" cycle about three times (once after you click OK on each step of the wizard), each of which can take 5 minutes to complete. This all happens BEFORE it actually starts the image copy, which is sometimes quick (3-5 minutes), sometimes long (hours). The size of all of our images are roughly the same, so that is not related. So, anyway, I'm looking to switch to something else: I only need very basic functionality--just creating images of entire discs, and then restoring those images onto the exact same hard drive at a later date. That's it. I'm not opposed to paying for a good piece of software, but if there is something free out there that does the job well, that would be a preference. My OS on which the imaging software would run is Windows Vista, but a bootable media (into a Linux flavor) would be fine also, as long as its quick to use and reliable. Recommendations? (Also, moderators, if this should be a CW, I'll be happy to mark it as such; unclear about the rules there.)

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• Is there a better way to run ubuntu from usb disk

  - by Adam Butler

  I have an old laptop with a broken hard drive controller and am running the previous ubuntu from a usb. I installed this as per standard instructions by running some program that copied the live cd to the usb. This has had a few problems, it seems like it was just made for trying and not for everyday use. Ideally I would like to do a proper install to the usb disk instead of just running off the installer disk. Is there a way to do this? The main problems I have are: When adding mounts to fstab it gets overwritten on each reboot When installing updates the kernel cannot be updated

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• Recovering data from hard disk after an accidental Ubuntu reinstallation

  - by Saurabh Agarwal

  My computer got wiped accidentally due to a fresh Ubuntu installation. Since the drive contains very important data and codes, it would be really great if the same could be recovered. It is a 2TB hard drive which had Ubuntu 10.10 earlier. It now has a Ubuntu 12.04 installed on it (which I understand occupies ~4GB). The machine has been powered off since. The installation was done using a usb with the option where the previous ubuntu installation is removed. Since installation doesn't take a lot of time, I'm inclined to think that the disk wasn't completely formatted and that most of the data is still there. I have no experience with recovery and hence a detailed explanation is very helpful. NOTE: I can arrange an additional 2TB hard disk for copying data. My computer has a fast internet connection and I have other computers connected to the network which I may use to access the previous one as well.

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• Which hard disk drive is which?

  - by djeikyb

  I want to know which hard disk drive corresponds to which device path. It's trivial to match the hard disk stats (brand, size) with the dev path, but I want more. I want to know which drive is which inside my case. What's a good way to go about getting this info? I would prefer not to tear apart my server to remove all the drives, then add back one by one. I am willing to preform reboots. The drives are inconveniently scrunched together in the case. The label information is hidden. I can open the case. Most disks are SATA, so theoretically hot swappable. So, Unplugging and tracing cables might help in answering.

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• Wubi "could not retrieve the required disk image"

  - by Marc

  I tried to download Ubuntu 12.04 through Windows Installer (Wubi), but I get this error message: An error occurred: Could not retrieve the required disk image For more information, please see the log file: c:\user(username)\adddata\local\temp\wubi-12.04-rev266.log I tried to locate the file, but I can't find it, it's probably hidden. I know there's already a similar question asked, but I don't understand proxy thing Downloading error "Could not retrieve the required disk image " I was wondering will I get this same problem if I download via USB stick or CD? I'm running Windows 7 on a laptop. I'm not tech-savvy, so I need clear answer please.

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• Why does my root filesystem keep becoming read-only?

  - by Scott Severance

  I've lately been having an issue with my root filesystem becoming readonly. It happens some amount of time after boot. I don't know exactly when it happens, as I don't usually notice it until something such as suspending the computer or printing fails. It seems to be fairly random. Since most of my system is on that partition, I can't re-mount it without rebooting. After this happens, the system runs a fsck. Sometimes it prompts to fix problems; other times it apparently finds none. To troubleshoot, I've searched through the logs but found nothing relevant. This might be due in part to not knowing when the actual errors took place. The filesystem is apparently good to begin with, as when fsck runs its fixes it doesn't report any errors. I've scanned the disk with SpinRite. A while ago, SpinRite found and recovered from some bad sectors on the hard drive. I ran a level 4 scan (a thorough scan) after this probem appeared, but SpinRite found nothing. The SMART data reports that the disk is OK with 63 bad sectors. The number of bad sectors hasn't changed recently. I realize that the disk isn't in the best of conditions, and I have complete backups in case of catastrophic failure. Yet the lack of errors in the logs, combined with SpinRite's test results and the unchanged SMART data makes me think that this problem has some cause other than disk failure. Other than disk failure, what could cause my symptoms?

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• Need to setup and access web disk for a hosting account

  - by mtk

  I am on linux(ubuntu 12.04) and have purchased a hosting space. In the cpanel, I selected nautilus for accessing web-disk and I was given a note: Note: In order for the Web Disk to work, you will need to allow port 2078 (SSL) or 2077 (non-SSL) on your computer's firewall. As, I am unable to connect to this, i.e. on entering the given url in Nautilus address bar, it says 'Connection closed'. So, I believe the above this quoted is not correctly configured. Please let me know, how to configure this? How to allow the given port access?

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• can't chmod on external hard disk?

  - by G. He

  I have an USB3.0 external hard disk, partitioned to 3 NTFS partitions. When I plug the hard disk in, the 3 partitions automatically mounted under /media. So far so good. I can read and write to files, or mkdir, etc on these partitions. But I can't do chmod/chown on any of the files/directories on these partitions. The owner:group always myself, and the mode are always 700 for directories and 600 for files. I have another partition on internal harddisk also mounted. That partition works fine. I looked the output of mount command, the only difference between mount options is that there is one extra 'default_permissions' on the external hard disks. Anyway I can set the owner:group and mode on these files and directories.

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• ASUS U24a can't boot without live disk

  - by user98965

  I recently picked up a new ASUS U24a while travelling in asia. I've managed to go through hell with the UEFI setup, and finally now have a working GRUB. However, I can't manage to get past the "Loading initial ramdisk". If I boot the live CD-USB (only in BIOS legacy mode), I get a wonderful, working Ubuntu. I finally managed to get UEFI installed on the hard-drive (no option for legacy BIOS boot, or I'd be there in a flash!), and can boot in UEFI mode into GRUB2. But... I can't manage to get past the "loading initial ramdisk". It appears that the disk drivers are failing (there is no disk activity after this point). Ideas? pastebin from the boot-repair is at: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1290011/ best, -tony

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• External Hard disk not workng on windows after I formatted it on Ubuntu

  - by nav_jan

  I formatted my Western Digital 500 Gb hard disk on Ubuntu 10.4 and now I want to use it on Windows 7 but it cannot detect it. I formatted it with FAT(applicable to all) option. I tried to Google this problem a bit and as suggested by one of the site i tried to format this drive with NTFS. Still windows cannot detect it. Drives in windows 7 is not a problem because I tried a different usb drive on it and it works. I can see the led of the drive glow when I connect it and I can also see remove drive safely option in lower right corner, but i cannot see any option in "my computer" to access the hard disk. I am new to Ubuntu. Any help is appreciated.

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• Best use of a RAM disk?

  - by JamesHannah

  Just wondering, have you ever made anything useful with a RAM disk in production? I wonder if the performance benefit they afford possibly outweighs their temporary nature in a specific circumstance. I've only ever used one once, and it wasn't for performance. It was when I needed some writable disk space on a server showing hard drive errors – it gave just enough space for me to install the 3ware RAID utility to identify the dodgy disk. How have you used a RAM disk in production?

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• Trying to get to the command prompt through recovery disk

  - by cody

  I'm trying to reach the command prompt through a vista recovery disk I have, and it boots from the disk and gets to the point where it asks which installation I want to repair and then says the disk is not compatible with my version of windows. I have a dual boot setup with Vista and server 2008 R2. Is there another was to run check disk? I can't boot in safemode or normally, I suspect a driver (atipcie) is the problem

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• esx backup usb disk

  - by maruti

  my server has a disk error, unfortunately RAID-0. So i am planning to boot it off CD (partedmagic) and copy the VMs to a USB disk. File system is VMFS (esxi4) once the damaged disk is replaced back could the data be restored back? this server has two datastores this bad disk belongs to store-1. please suggest any better ways or tools. thanks in advance

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• Web-based disk space visualizer

  - by Martijn

  I have a number of Linux webservers for which I'd like to track where disk space is going and keep disk space to a minimum. Typically I login on SSH and use du to find out where disk space is wasted but this is cumbersome and slow. A visualisation tool like KDirStat would be ideal, but it requires installing an X server at the very least, which kind of defeats the purpose. Is there any web-based disk space visualizer? I'm open to alternative solutions.

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• How to correctly partion WD "Advanced Format" drive (4k sector size) with Disk Druid?

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. Unaligned Advanced Format drives with sector size of 4k will have degraded performance. How do I make Disk Druid to partition drives correctly?

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• How do you monitor the health of a mirrored disk in Windows?

  - by NitroxDM

  I have a Mirrored Dynamic disk on my Windows 2003 Server. How do you monitor the health of the volume? Is there a way to have the server send an email when there is an issue with the volume? Is there a way to have the server run S.M.A.R.T. tests?

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• How do I burn .img files onto floppy disk?

  - by r0ca

  I want to "burn" 3 DOS 6.22 floppy disks. I have 3 .img files but I can't "burn" these .img files onto a floppy. I get the message that the file is too big for the target. What tool can I use (I used one in the past but I don't remember which one...) to "burn" .img file to the floppy disk?

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• Eject a bad disk from optical drive

  - by Chuck

  I have an Alienware computer with one of the optical DVD drives that does not have a manual tray, just a slot to insert the disk. I recently inserted a disk that was apparently bad. It is unreadable does not show up in Windows Explorer. I tried right clicking on the Drive letter and hitting eject, but get an error message that there is no disk in the drive. How do I get the d--ned disk out so I can use the drive?

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• Virtual Disk Manager: The service cannot be started

  - by MikkoP

  I installed a SSD disk in my computer and installed Windows 7 in it. I disabled defragmentation on the disk. Now when I try to partition my other disk I'm getting an error Virtual Disk Manager The service cannot be started, either because it is disabled or because it has no enabled devices associated with it. Well, I'm not willing to enable defragmentation because it makes the lifespan of the SSD shorter. Solutions? Thanks

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• How to decrease size of KVM virtual machine disk image

  - by Cerin

  How do you decrease or shrink the size of a KVM virtual machine disk? I allocated a virtual disk of 500GB (stored at /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img), and I'm finding that overkill, so now I'd like to free up some of that space for use with other virtual machines. There seems to be a lot answers on how to increase image storage, but not decrease it. I found the virt-resize tool, but it only seems to work with raw disk partitions, not disk images.

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