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• Chainload boot of Ubuntu installed on 32GB SD card from legacy Grub boot on USB

  - by Gary Darsey

  I have Ubuntu installed on a 32 GB SD card (in the Storage Expansion slot on an Acer Aspire One) with Grub2 installed in the same partition. I boot into legacy Grub on a USB drive and would like to boot by chainloading Grub2 from Grub (kernel/initrd or symlink booting would also be fine), but I haven't figured out how to do this from legacy Grub CLI. Output from blkid for this partition is /dev/mmcblk0p1: LABEL="Ubuntu" UUID="7ceb9fa7-238c-4c5d-bb8e-2c655652ddec" TYPE='ext4" / fdisk -lu information Boot indicator ID 83. Related entries in grub.cfg: search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set-root 7ceb9fa7-238c-4c5d-bb8e-2c655652ddec linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=7ceb9fa7-238c-4c5d-bb8e-2c655652ddec... initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic I can't seem to replicate this in legacy Grub. Is there any way get Grub2 to chainload? How do I set root with UUID in legacy Grub? I prefer to boot from USB. Would Grub2 on USB (copying the grub.cfg generated during installation) be an option?

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• How can I prevent ubuntu from mounting particular partitions/deivices?

  - by Patryk

  I would like to stop Ubuntu from mounting my other (Windows') partitions automatically (since I do not need it really often - and especially I would like not to automount "System reserved" partition for Windows. There is a similar question here How can I stop Ubuntu 12.04 from mounting Fedora 16's Swap Partition? but! I do not have these partitions added in /etc/fstab. How can I do it ? For proof, my /etc/fstab proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=1384cee0-6a71-4b83-b0d3-1338db925168 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=e3729117-b936-4c1d-9883-aee73dab6729 none swap sw 0 0 #------ MY WINDOWS D DRIVE---------- I WANT TO KEP IT UUID=98E8B14DE8B12A80 /media/d ntfs defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 0

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• Backup all home folders on usb disk and accessibility

  - by PatrickV

  I am using Ubuntu 12.04 and have multiple family members working on it with there own home folder. I have an USB disk and want to use it to backup my home folders. Trying this, I got some questions. When my disk auto mount, it is not visible for each user. It seams to be visible for the user the time I connect the usb disk. I want to create one folder per home on the usb disk to backup the data to. But when I format the disk in EXT4 or FAT for example it is Read Only. How can I format the disk so it is accessible to every user. Best Regards, Patrick

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• BTrFS subvolume / snapshot question

  - by bumbling fool

  I think I'm having difficulty fully understanding subvolumes and snapshots. The /home partition is btrfs. I want to create a "backup" snapshot of /home/user (for example) but user has existed for years (previously ext4 btrfs-convert). I believe you can only make a snapshot of a subvolume. I checked and there are no "default" subvolumes already present. 1) Is there another way for me to backup /home/user other than creating a subvolume /home/user2 and copying everything from user to user2 in order to snapshot it?

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• Ubuntu on Mac mini and refit

  - by Thomas

  I have successfully installed Ubuntu pangolin 64 bit on a mac mini 2011 5,3 ( server version ). I have used the Ubuntu iso which I then converted to .dmg and dd'ed into an usb stick. I didn't want to keep OS X installed so I deleted the current partition and reformatted the drive as ext4 for / + a small swap partition. Everything seems to work nicely, but I have now a question since I read lots of reviews/howto when you people installed rEfit on Mac OS X. Did you use rEfit to be able to have a dual boot or there are other advantages by doing that ( apart that you will be able to download updated firmware for your hardware in the future via Mac OS ) like BIOS emulation and the like ?

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• apache permissions problem

  - by nishan

  Im running ubuntu 12.04 lts 2gb ram 500gb hdd. My hdd have 4 partitions. Partition 1 = 40 gb Windows (NTFS, lable = win32) Partition 2 = 320 gb Windows (FAT label = common) Partition 3 = 40 gb Ubuntu (EXT4) I installed apached2 now to change its default www directory, I used 'gksu gedit /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default' and chaged to /media/common/www After all I run in terminal chmod 777 /media/common/www chmod 777 /media/common/www/. After that I type in firefox 127.0.0.1/index.php It says "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) Server at 127.0.0.1 Port 80" Before my changes it was working fine. How should i run my websites???

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• How to reset settings when Unity won't finish booting?

  - by Emre

  I have a new 12.04 installation and I messed things up after trying to move /home to an NTFS partition, which I later learned was a bad idea. I removed references to the NTFS partition on fstab and created new users on the ext4 / partition. Now I can't get Unity to start up properly for any user. I get the GUI with only three Launch icons (none of which are clickable) and no bar at the top. The keyboard seems to the nonfunctional after I enter my credentials. The interesting thing is that I can boot when I go through recovery mode and select resume. I wonder whether I am creating the new users properly. What is the correct protocol for doing so in order to ensure that they can run Unity?

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• Run fstrim from LiveCD

  - by CharlesW

  A few years ago I installed Ubuntu 10.04 with LVM + LUKS on a system with SSD, TRIM was not enabled. Now I want to install Ubuntu 12.04 on the same SSD. I have found a guide explaining how to enable TRIM on Ubuntu 12.04 with LVM + LUKS, but before installing the new system, I want to clean out all the "marked for deletion" data generated under Ubuntu 10.04, to make the disk fast as new. My plan is to boot a Ubuntu 12.04 LiveCD and create a new ext4 filesystem on the SSD, then mount the filesystem and run fstrim on it. After rebooting the LiveCD I will install the system as normal, and enable TRIM. Can anybody say if this will work?

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• /boot partition is NTFS on dual-boot Win7/Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop

  - by efreem01

  I recently purchased an Acer Aspire laptop. Windows 7 Home Premium edition was installed on the main drive. I booted to the Ubuntu 12.04 Installation environment and selected the option to Install Ubuntu alonside Windows 7. I now have two data partitions roughly half the size of the HD (NTFS and EXT4) and a /boot partition that is NTFS. How can i convert the /boot partition to EXT without breaking Ubuntu and Windows 7? I would like to tri-boot it with another Environment if possible, but this is presenting a problem.

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• Backup, clean install and restore

  - by Tony Martin

  Due to the route I came into Ubuntu I now have 12.10 upgraded from 12.04 on an NTFS file system. I've invested a lot of time getting everything as I want it, vis packages installed and settings, etc. I wonder if there is an easy method of: 1 Backing up the whole system so that I can; 2 Do a squeaky clean install of 12.10 on ext4 with bells and whistles then; 3 Restore my backup so that my system behaves as it did before the reinstall? Sorry if this seems terribly obvious, but I don't want to find all the problems when it's too late. TIA.

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• Can't set permissions for files on an NTFS partition

  - by ashishsony

  I remember that I was able to run a Linux .exe that was placed on an NTFS partition earlier before I installed 10.10 RC. But if I try to run it now, I can't run it as it hasn't the execution permission. The bad part is that I can't change the permissions too. I'm chmod-ding +x but no change at all with its permissions. So this seems to be a bug? Any help? Though when I put it on ext4 partition, I can set the permission. But I want to do this as I did before, right from its default NTFS location.

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• Deleted Partition Recovery

  - by ankur.trapasiya

  Recently i was installing ubuntu 12.04 on my system. There were 4 partitions on my system and i selected one of the four partition for the installation and chose the option of re sizing the partition. Initially my partition was of size 100+GB and i created another partition out of it of size 15GB (EXT4). Now the moment i changed this partition structure my original partition got lost along with its data and i am left with 50GB partition and 50GB unallocated free space. Now the data that i have lost is meant a lot to me and i want to recover that data. So is there any way i can recover it ? And i haven't checked "format" option while resizing the partition. Thanks in advance.

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• I am not able to boot into window 7 after ubuntu 12.04 installation

  - by user91878

  not able to boot into window 7. I am naive in ubuntu usage. Pls guide immediately. The following link a got after boot repair. http://paste.ubuntu.com/1218634/ full message is as follows: you can now reboot your computer. Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on sda (500GB) disk! The boot files of [The OS now in use - Ubuntu 12.04 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, 200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition)

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• What's the story with TRIM support?

  - by Kent Boogaart

  The situation with TRIM in Ubuntu has me utterly confused. I don't know whether I need to manually run it or not. Sources I've found are disparate and unclear. I have Ubuntu 10.04 with latest updates (including kernel 2.6.32-26). I have an Intel X-25M drive with latest firmware, and it is formatted as ext4. So, does TRIM support run automatically? If not, how do I check if I need to run it, and then how do I run it if necessary?

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• GParted wont resize extended partitions

  - by Magnum Frost

  I have dual booted windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and have decided that I need more space on my Ubuntu partition. I used gparted on a Live CD to shrink my Windows 7 partition (/dev/sda3) but when i try to resize the extended partition (/dev/sda4), which houses my linux partition (/dev/sda6), the right click options are greyed out and there is a key next to the extended partition. I have resized the partitions within the extended partition before to provide room, but now I can go no further with that, and need to grow the extended partition. The free space lies to the left of the extended partition and there is a small amount of free space directly to the right as well. Also, within the extended partition is /dev/sda5 (ntfs) , which I have no idea what is on it, but most of the space (3.42GB) is used, /dev/sda6 (ext4, mount point: /), my partition containing Linux, and /dev/sda7 (linux-swap). I hope you guys can help me with this because I really don't want to screw something up while trying to resize the extended partition.

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• Linux : le kernel 2.6.34 est stable, il introduit deux nouveaux systèmes de fichiers pour remplacer

  Mise à jour du 18/05/10 Le kernel 2.6.34 disponible en version stable Il introduit deux nouveaux systèmes de fichiers pour remplacer le ext4 et gérer la mémoire Flash Le kernel 2.6.34 est à présent disponible en version stable. Trois mois après la précédente version majeure du noyau (cf ci-avant), ce nouveau kernel propose deux nouveaux systèmes de gestion de fichiers. Le premier est issu du projet Ceph et sépare les données des méta-données. Ce système de fichier distribué peut faire penser à Lustre d'Oracle (utilisé par exemple dans les supercalculateurs). Même si Ceph, toujours assez expérimental, n'est pas aussi per...

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• Grub Won't Boot WIndows 7

  - by STavros P.

  I have a problem with Grub 2. when i hit the Windows 7 (loader) option on the Grub boot screen Windows won't boot. i get a black screen with a white cursor blinking... Here is a log of my Boot options. I just want to delete all the other partitions which i don't know how they 've been made and stay just with the Ubuntu ext4 partition, the swap partition and the WIndows 7 partition. Can someoune help me with my problem? Here is the log: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1014619/ ps: I can only boot Windows with Hiren's Boot CD with the first option, Boot form first hard drive (win7, xp, vista).

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• Ubuntu on a USB

  - by Sander de Lange

  I was just wondering if anyone had a good experience with Ubuntu on a flash drive... I'm installing it right now. I formatted my 16GB flash drive to Ext2 because the default file system is ext4 but that one is journaled and USB flash drives do not like journaling. I want to use this to learn Java and Ubuntu seems to be a great OS for this. I (obviously) have USB 2.0 ports where I will put the USB in. How is the boot time of Ubuntu on a USB?

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• How to enable TRIM on LVM on Ubuntu 12.10?

  - by Siddarth Kaki

  When I reinstalled Ubuntu 12.10 64-bit on my SSD, I chose the option to use LVM in Ubiquity. I am trying to find out how to enable TRIM for my SSD. I came across this article: http://worldsmostsecret.blogspot.com/2012/04/how-to-activate-trim-on-luks-encrypted.html The article states in addition to adding discard and noatime to /etc/fstab , discard must be added to the drive (sdX_crypt) in /etc/crypttab. My problem is the only listings in my /etc/crypttab are several cryptswap; it does not list any sdX_crypt. I currently have a /dev/sda1 (ext2), which is the boot point, and /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root, which is my ext4 partition. Any ideas as to how to enable TRIM?

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• What are the appropriate mount options for a shared NTFS partition on an SSD in a dual boot Ubuntu/Windows setup?

  - by Andreas Jonsson

  I have Ubuntu 13.10 and Windows 7 installed in dual boot on a single SSD. In addition they share an NTFS partition where I put all my data and documents. What is the optimal way to mount this NTFS partition in /etc/fstab (considering performance and minimizing wear of the SSD)? Similar questions have been asked, but I could not find answers to this particular scenario. As I understand it, the mount option 'discard' is not supported for NTFS and so should not be used (although it is recommended here). Another often quoted mount option is 'noatime'. I use it for my ext4 partitions. Does it apply to NTFS? My current /etc/fstab line is: UUID=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX /dos ntfs defaults,nls=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0

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• Ubuntu Server 13.04.3 doesn't boot w/ EFI

  - by user1004816

  I'm was actually trying to install Debian Wheezy (which failed horribly), then tried Ubuntu Server 13.04 and got the exact same problems as w/ Debian: After installing, the system doesn't show any boot-selection and tells me "Missing operating system". My setup is pretty simple: /dev/sdc - 1TB HDD (+ 3 other NTFS HDD) /dev/sdc1 - EFI, 100MiB, bootable /dev/sdc4 - ext4, 65GiB, Ubuntu/Debian (sdc2 & 3 are NTFS w/ data. Sorta lacking SATA-ports, therefore no OS-only HDD/SSD) Grub seems to be installed on /dev/sdc4, /dev/sdc1 only contains a "EFI"-folder. Not sure if thats correct. I used UNetbootin on OS X to make an 8GB USB-drive bootable and used the standard amd64-iso, running a perl-script wich eradicates a couple of naming-errors (different story). Using this tutorial and actually disabling UEFI and using legacy only dind't work either, the usb drive dind't even bother to boot. I'm pretty clueless here. I'd just like to install and use either Debian oder Ubuntu Server!

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• Switch from encrypted partition to unencrypted (Error: cryptsetup: evms_activate is not available)

  - by Chris Lercher

  I initially installed Ubuntu 11.04 with an encrypted file system (from the alternate install CD: Guided Partitioning, LVM encrypted). Now I wanted to change this setup to have my root file system on an unencrypted partition. I had the following setup before: /dev/mapper/my-root on / type ext4 (rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro,commit=0,commit=0) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw,noatime) I backed up /, reformatted /dev/sda5 (which had contained the encrypted LVM device) to an ext3 partition, and restored / to that partition. I edited /etc/fstab, removed the line /dev/mapper/my-root / ..., and added the line: /dev/sda5 / ext3 noatime,rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0 0 1 I edited /etc/crypttab, and commented out the single entry. On reboot, I get the grub screen as usual, but then I get the message cryptsetup:evms_activate is not available, waiting for encrypted source device. I tried reinstalling Grub2 using a LiveCD with the ChRoot method, but that didn't make any difference. Why is Ubuntu still searching for an encrypted device?

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• Installing windows after ubuntu is installed (need to create ntfs partition too)

  - by Brent Roose

  I prefer Ubuntu to work on, but for some applications for school, I need windows. I've done some research and have a few problems: I only have one hard drive which is formatted as ext4, not ntfs. Many people say I have to use Gparted to create an ntfs partition to install windows on, the only problem is that I need to unmount my drive to do this, which isn't possible I think because I only have one. I thought about mounting my HDD as a slave on a windows laptop but I don't manage to partition it with windows partition manager, so I think I need some kind of tool. which one? next problem I'll probably have is that I won't be able to boot ubuntu after installing windows because grub will be removed from my MBR. are there any good guides around here? I've used some kind of tool before, but it crashed my whole HDD so I had to fully format it.

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• Force ntfs volumes to be treated like any other by default

  - by soandos

  I have a 20 GB NTFS volume that I was planning on using for a variety of purposes, including being readable by windows with little effort. Unfortunately, for some reason, I cannot execute any files on the drive, even after following the answer here (I was able to mount the volume just fine, but the error persists). How can I fix this? Output from mount: /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw) systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=daniel)

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• What's the story with TRIM support?

  - by Kent Boogaart

  The situation with TRIM in Ubuntu has me utterly confused. I don't know whether I need to manually run it or not. Sources I've found are disparate and unclear. I have Ubuntu 10.04 with latest updates (including kernel 2.6.32-26). I have an Intel X-25M drive with latest firmware, and it is formatted as ext4. So, does TRIM support run automatically? If not, how do I check if I need to run it, and then how do I run it if necessary?

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