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  • Why is an Ext4 disk check so much faster than NTFS?

    - by Brendan Long
    I had a situation today where I restarted my computer and it said I needed to check the disk for consistancy. About 10 minutes later (at "1%" complete), I gave up and decided to let it run when I go home. For comparison, my home computer uses Ext4 for all of the partitions, and the disk checks (which run around once week) only take a couple seconds. I remember reading that having fast disk checks was a priority, but I don't know how they could do that. So, how does Ext4 do disk checks so fast? Is there some huge breakthrough in doing this after NTFS came out (~10 years ago)? Note: The NTFS disk is ~300 GB and the Ext4 disk is ~500 GB. Both are about half full.

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  • EXT4 external hard drive for use with multiple systems

    - by EXTdumb
    I recently bought a external hard drive to store some data on. I use Linux but I am not a power user. If I format the drive to EXT4, is it possible for the permissions to ever screw up and I lost access to my data? I will be plugging the drive into several different linux based computers at work and I frequently hop distros on my main home machine. I need to make sure I don't lose any data because I overlooked something. I am not familiar with EXT 3 or 4. So far I have done this : Formatted drive to EXT4 ran gksudo thunar and changed the permissions to my user account and all settings to read/write Wrote all the files I need to the drive I really appreciate any help.

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  • Trying to move Users And Program Files Directories to Another Partition

    - by Jharwood
    Currently I've Followed this guide. I pointed my C:\Users, C:\Program Files (x86), and C:\Program Files directories to their respective counterparts on the B: drive. I used mklink /J D:\Users B:\Users (D was the C: drives name in recovery) but when the computer boots, all I get is that the profile can't be loaded. I have to accomplish this, and don't really mind reinstalling as its a fresh install anyway.

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  • Where are messages on Windows Mobile stored? [closed]

    - by user553702
    Where does Windows Mobile 6.0 store text messages that are in Outlook Mobile? I have not been able to find any information on the Web about where physically in the phone's filesystem the mailbox data is stored. I need to back up certain saved text messages before they are automatically overwritten, yet Microsoft provides no way at all to liberate the data. The device is a Palm Treo, and I can connect with Windows through ActiveSync and browse the filesystem, but I have no idea where to start. I may need to use some of this message history for legal purposes and it is important that I be able to preserve it. The normal Outlook on PCs uses .pst files to store a mailbox; is there something similar in Outlook Mobile?

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  • choosing filesystem for unified storage

    - by maruti
    which file system can serve storage to Windows and VMware ESX clients? planning a storage server box ~ 10TB using NexentaStor or FreeNAS. this has to serve Primarily Windows 2003, 2008 servers and occasionally VMware ESX. is that possible? please correct me if wrong.thx

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  • Is it a good idea to take onsite/offsite backups of server images?

    - by ServerAdminGuy45
    Assuming a non-virtualized environment it a good idea to take actual images of servers (using something like Acronis True Image) and store them on\off site? Backing up data is great but I feel it would be good to have copies of OS images in the event hardware dies or an upgrade gets botched I can always revert back. What would be your recommended way to do this (preferably using a NAS and an online backup service)? I was talking with the Iron Mountain folks and the service they described is more geared toward taking incremental snapshots of data. I'm not sure if there's a way to backup images in an incremental way such that only the changes between them are saved (that way I'm not wasting X GB each time I take an image).

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  • How to store data on a machine whose power gets cut at random

    - by Sevas
    I have a virtual machine (Debian) running on a physical machine host. The virtual machine acts as a buffer for data that it frequently receives over the local network (the period for this data is 0.5s, so a fairly high throughput). Any data received is stored on the virtual machine and repeatedly forwarded to an external server over UDP. Once the external server acknowledges (over UDP) that it has received a data packet, the original data is deleted from the virtual machine and not sent to the external server again. The internet connection that connects the VM and the external server is unreliable, meaning it could be down for days at a time. The physical machine that hosts the VM gets its power cut several times per day at random. There is no way to tell when this is about to happen and it is not possible to add a UPS, a battery, or a similar solution to the system. Originally, the data was stored on a file-based HSQLDB database on the virtual machine. However, the frequent power cuts eventually cause the database script file to become corrupted (not at the file system level, i.e. it is readable, but HSQLDB can't make sense of it), which leads to my question: How should data be stored in an environment where power cuts can and do happen frequently? One option I can think of is using flat files, saving each packet of data as a file on the file system. This way if a file is corrupted due to loss of power, it can be ignored and the rest of the data remains intact. This poses a few issues however, mainly related to the amount of data likely being stored on the virtual machine. At 0.5s between each piece of data, 1,728,000 files will be generated in 10 days. This at least means using a file system with an increased number of inodes to store this data (the current file system setup ran out of inodes at ~250,000 messages and 30% disk space used). Also, it is hard (not impossible) to manage. Are there any other options? Are there database engines that run on Debian that would not get corrupted by power cuts? Also, what file system should be used for this? ext3 is what is used at the moment. The software that runs on the virtual machine is written using Java 6, so hopefully the solution would not be incompatible.

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  • Need information on a filesystem error:

    - by abc
    I have console access to an embedded linux device. This device has flash memory part of which is partitioned as a FAT filesystem. Its running linux-2.6.31. However I am seeing these errors on the console these days and the FAT file system becomes read only. 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) I cannot understand why this happened? What is the root cause? And what is the fix? I would appreciate answers that can point me how to investigate the possible root cause of this issue on the device.

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  • How to cleanup tmp folder safely on Linux

    - by Syncopated
    I use RAM for my tmpfs /tmp, 2GB, to be exact. Normally, this is enough but sometimes, processes create files in there and fail to cleanup after themselves. This can happen if they crash. I need to delete these orphaned tmp files or else future process will run out of space on /tmp. How can I safely garbage collect /tmp? Some people do it by checking last modification timestamp, but this approach is unsafe because there can be long-running processes that still need those files. A safer approach is to combine the last modification timestamp condition with the condition that no process has a file handle for the file. Is there a program/script/etc that embodies this approach or some other approach that is also safe? Incidentally, does Linux/Unix allow a mode of file opening with creation wherein the created file is deleted when the creating process terminates, even if it's from a crash?

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  • Best alternatives to recover lost directories in FAT32 external hard drive?

    - by Sergio
    I have an 320 GB ADATA CH91 external hard drive. I guess it has some problems with the connector of the USB jack. The point is that in certain occasions it fails in write operations generating data losses. Right now I lost a directory with several GB's of very useful information. Since then I have not attempted to write to the disk any more. What tool would you recommend to recover the lost data? The disk is FAT32 formatted (only one partition) and I use both Linux and Windows. What filesystem format would you recommend to avoid future data losses? I currently only use this external hard drive in Linux so there are several available choices (FAT, NTFS, ext3, ext4, reiser, etc.).

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  • What cause high CPU usage on the server during file upload

    - by bosiang
    When I try to upload a huge file size (approx 2GB), the server cpu usage goes really high. What should I do to fix this? I just use standard html form and php, for file upload. I'm sorry if I post on the wrong forum. Please point me to the right direction here is the result of "top" command during uploading 4 files (18mb, 38mb, 60mb, 33mb) 1904 apache 20 0 33504 5740 1952 R 28.3 0.2 0:02.19 httpd 1905 apache 20 0 33504 5740 1952 R 28.3 0.2 0:01.99 httpd 1903 apache 20 0 33232 6968 3060 R 28.0 0.2 0:01.98 httpd 1910 apache 20 0 33240 6020 2248 S 11.5 0.2 0:02.85 httpd 2133 root 20 0 2656 1124 896 R 1.6 0.0 0:00.71 top 1 root 20 0 2864 1404 1188 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.99 init the code for chunking, although eventhough I don't use this code (just simple file upload), it still cause that high cpu usage function sendRequest() { //clean the screen //bars.innerHTML = ''; var file = document.getElementById('fileToUpload'); for(var i = 0; i < file.files.length; i++) { var blob = file.files[i]; var originalFileName = blob.name; var filePart = 0 const BYTES_PER_CHUNK = 100 * 1024 * 1024; // 10MB chunk sizes. var realFileSize = blob.size; var start = 0; var end = BYTES_PER_CHUNK; totalChunks = Math.ceil(realFileSize / BYTES_PER_CHUNK); alert(realFileSize); while( start < realFileSize ) { if (blob.webkitSlice) { //for Google Chrome var chunk = blob.webkitSlice(start, end); } else if (blob.mozSlice) { //for Mozilla Firefox var chunk = blob.mozSlice(start, end); } uploadFile(chunk, originalFileName, filePart, totalChunks, i); filePart++; start = end; end = start + BYTES_PER_CHUNK; } } }

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  • Windows hiding other user's files?

    - by JoshJordan
    I had a hard drive whose windows installation (running Vista) became corrupt. I bought a new hard drive, installed Windows 7, and hooked up the old drive using an external enclosure. The Users folder on the old drive shows the users that existed on the machine, but it doesn't show any of the contents of them. I assume this is due to not having the permissions I need. I have "taken control" of the folders I'm interested in, but this didn't prompt me for the original owner's password as I expected, and I still can't see the file contents. I would guess that this is a fairly common issue, but I'm not sure what to Google here. How can I get access to files in that drive's User directory?

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  • maximum size filesystem on my test .... approach?

    - by jocco
    Hello all I'm new at the site, and I have a question. I got this question at a test and really like to know the correct approach to solving this problem? Here is the question. In an indexed filesystem the first indexblock (inode) has 12 direct pointers and 1 pointer to an indirect indexblock. The filesystem is implemented on a disk with a diskblock-size of 1024 bytes. All pointers are 32 bit. Question: what is the maximum filesize (Kilobytes) of this filesystem? If it's possible not an just an answer but an explanation. edit: It was a multiple choice btw with 4 answers a. 13 K b. 268 K c. 524 K d. 1036 K As for my approach I only got as far as to know that 1 pointer is 32 bit Also I found something else here on the site which seems very usefull. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2755006/understanding-the-concept-of-inodes Ok i got this far There are 12 blocks and each block is 1024 bytes. 1024 * 12 = 12288 bytes or 12 KB directly accessible. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Each pointer is 32 Bit = 4Byte And to be honest at this point I'm starting to get confused especially since my answer is way over any of my multiple choice answers.

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  • Deleting old system folders from a drive that is no longer the windows installation drive

    - by grenade
    I dropped my laptop and was no longer able to boot. There were error messages about a corrupt boot record. Replacing the hard drive and reinstalling Win 7 was how I dealt with it. The old drive still appears to be good and I can read and write to it when I connect it as a second drive and mount as D:. However, if I try to recover the space being used by the windows, programdata, program files & program files(x86) folders, by deleting them I get error messages about needing permission from trustedinstaller. If I set myself as the owner of the folders and retry the delete I get error messages about needing permission from myself! Since I'm pretty sure that I have permission from myself to delete the folders, I can only assume that the OS or file system has gotten its panties twisted. I have tried shift, right click, delete from explorer and also if I run "del /f /s /q D:\Windows" from an admin command prompt, I get a succession of Access is denied messages as well. How do I delete D:\Windows, D:\ProgramData, D:\Program Files & D:\Program Files(x86) from a drive that is not the Windows installation drive?

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  • Media meta file system for windows

    - by Chris Marisic
    I have a large assortment of media that is currently arranged using folders. As the library has grown I've started to notice that folders aren't the best at conveying meaning. Also as the number of folders serving as categories/tags has grown has lead to data duplication for not realizing it was already filed under a different tag. As I started to think about this I realized tag cloud visualization would be tremendously powerful and figured there has to be something like this out there.

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  • Only allow root to change filesystem

    - by Uejji
    The VPS I manage uses a simple hard link rsync archive daily backup system saved to a loop file. This is great, because each backup only takes up as much space as what has changed each day, and all user/group permissions are kept. I would like to give users direct access to their home directories in each backup, but I'm worried about intentional or accidental backup data destruction, as how it stands now users can actually change, destroy or add to backed up data they originally owned. I've been looking for a way to mount this filesystem similar to an ro mount option, but something that would still allow rw access to root, but I've had absolutely no luck. In other words, I want users to be able to view and copy their backed up data without actually being able to change it, and have that data maintain the original permissions. I've got no real preferences as far as filesystem, as long as it's a standard unix filesystem that can preserve permissions, support hard links and deny write access to users without actually stripping the w permission from everything.

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  • Correcting tree from messed up file tree in NTFS partition

    - by Fullmooninu
    It's a real messed situation, but I'm quite at the end of my options. It's my personal hardrive, so it's very important for me, and yes, I have no backup =( The short story: 1) I have two discs. One with Windows, and another where I had a bit of empty space at the front of the disk, so i could install Linux. The rest was occupied by a 1.8TB NTFS partition filled with data. 2) I installed Linux, and after a while realized there was not enough space for everything, so I tried using Gparted, and told it to re-size the NTFS partition, to a lesser size. 3) The system jammed. I had to reboot and broke the Resizing operation. Here's what I did to fix it: a) Rebooted into Linux Live, and used Testdisk,to deep analyze the disk, and recover the possible partitions. It found several versions of the NTFS partitions, probably made during the resizing. I told Testdisk to open every one of them, and only one could list its files. When trying to open the other options on Testdisk, it showed an error message. I assumed the one without errors, to be the correct one, and I told Testdisk to recover the partition, and write a new MBR. b) The partition had errors, and Linux has a NTFS fixing tool, used it, but the system still had errors. c) So I booted into windows and use chkdsk to correct all errors in the partition. d) Everything seems fine, but now, back in Windows, when I open one file, it opens another file, or part of another file. As in, some files took up the position of other files. What I think happened is that I recovered an old tree, and not the most current one. And that one just happened to be intact, while the most recent one was damaged. As such, the files that were moved during the failed resizing, were now, during the automatic correction, assumed wrongly to be in their correct places. So when I open a file, it tries to open another one. Radiohead - Creep.mp3 will open and it will actually be a bit from another song, or even code from a jpg. Some files seem to be all right, but others have seemed to have had their position taken by others. Anyone knows of something really powerful that can help me solve this?

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  • Disk fragmentation when dealing with many small files

    - by Zorlack
    On a daily basis we generate about 3.4 Million small jpeg files. We also delete about 3.4 Million 90 day old images. To date, we've dealt with this content by storing the images in a hierarchical manner. The heriarchy is something like this: /Year/Month/Day/Source/ This heirarchy allows us to effectively delete days worth of content across all sources. The files are stored on a Windows 2003 server connected to a 14 disk SATA RAID6. We've started having significant performance issues when writing-to and reading-from the disks. This may be due to the performance of the hardware, but I suspect that disk fragmentation may be a culprit at well. Some people have recommended storing the data in a database, but I've been hesitant to do this. An other thought was to use some sort of container file, like a VHD or something. Does anyone have any advice for mitigating this kind of fragmentation? Additional Info: The average file size is 8-14KB Format information from fsutil: NTFS Volume Serial Number : 0x2ae2ea00e2e9d05d Version : 3.1 Number Sectors : 0x00000001e847ffff Total Clusters : 0x000000003d08ffff Free Clusters : 0x000000001c1a4df0 Total Reserved : 0x0000000000000000 Bytes Per Sector : 512 Bytes Per Cluster : 4096 Bytes Per FileRecord Segment : 1024 Clusters Per FileRecord Segment : 0 Mft Valid Data Length : 0x000000208f020000 Mft Start Lcn : 0x00000000000c0000 Mft2 Start Lcn : 0x000000001e847fff Mft Zone Start : 0x0000000002163b20 Mft Zone End : 0x0000000007ad2000

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  • Replicated filesystem and EC2 MySQL

    - by El Yobo
    I'm currently investigating migrating our infrastructure over to run on Amazon's EC2 and am trying to figure out the best way to set up a MySQL service. I'm leaning towards running our own MySQL instances, rather than going with Amazon's RDS, but am still considering the best approach for performance and cost on the instance itself. In order to have persistent data, the MySQL data needs to be on an EBS volume (with some form of striped RAID, e.g. RAID0 or RAID10) to improve persistence. However, EBS IO is limited by the network interface (gigabit, so a theoretical maximum of 128 MB/s), while the ephemeral volumes have no such problem. I did see a suggestion for running two MySQL servers on an instance, with a master running on the ephemeral disk (which we would also RAID) and a slave storing changes to an EBS volume, but this has some additional overhead and complexity (two servers). What I was imagining is using some form of replicated file system such that I could have a filesystem on top of a RAID0 of ephemeral volumes to maximise performance all changes from the above immediately replicated to another RAID1 volume backed by multiple EBS volumes to ensure no data loss The advantages of this would be best possible IO performance for the DB server; no network delay in IO decreased IO on EBS volumes (as all read IO will be done on the ephemeral volumes) so decreased cost good data security, as it's backed onto redundant EBS volumes However, I haven't seen an appropriate system to replicate all changes from one volume to the other; is there a filesystem, or any other approach, which will do this? The distributed file systems, e.g. GlusterFS, DRBD etc seem to focus on replicating disks between servers, can they be set up to do what I'm interested in here? I also haven't seen anything about other's taking this approach. Do I have a solution in need of a problem here (i.e. is performance good enough, so this whole idea is redundant)? Is there some flaw in the plan?

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  • Files beginning with "._"

    - by Cliff_31
    Sometimes when my wife works on photos in Photoshop on her Mac, what she gives me back are all the photos I took, with their .jpg extensions in place, as well as a set of "ghost" files. That is, for every photo, there is an evil twin whose file name is the same ... except that it begins with "._". Also this ghost file are sort of "grayed-out" and don't open when double clicked. I suspect they are hidden files, (I have set windows to show all hidden files) but what find of hidden file -- on that, I'm clueless. I just delete these files and never have a problem with the photo (.jpg) files, but still I'm dying to know; what are they? Thanks

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  • Strange Lose Of Format On Pen Drive

    - by Kiewic
    Hi, here is an screenshot of my pen drive. The files are impossible to open, and the names has been replaced by strange characters. In Ubuntu is worst, the windows system crash. What can I do to recover my information?

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