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• Git: Fixing a bug affecting two branches

  - by Aram Kocharyan

  I'm basing my Git repo on http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/ and was wondering what happens if you have this situation: Say I'm developing on two feature branches A and B, and B requires code from A. The X node introduces an error in feature A which affects branch B, but this is not detected at node Y where feature A and B were merged and testing was conducted before branching out again and working on the next iteration. As a result, the bug is found at node Z by the people working on feature B. At this stage it's decided that a bugfix is needed. This fix should be applied to both features, since the people working on feature A also need the bug fixed, since its part of their feature. Should a bugfix branch be created from the latest feature A node (the one branching from node Y) and then merged with feature A? After which both features are merged into develop again and tested before branching out? The problem with this is that it requires both branches to merge to fix the issue. Since feature B doesn't touch code in feature A, is there a way to change the history at node Y by implementing the fix and still allowing the feature B branch to remain unmerged yet have the fixed code from feature A? Mildly related: Git bug branching convention

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• How was Git designed?

  - by Mark Canlas

  My workplace recently switched to Git and I've been loving (and hating!) it. I really do love it, and it is extremely powerful. The only part I hate is that sometimes it's too powerful (and maybe a bit terse/confusing). My question is... How was Git designed? Just using it for a short amount of time, you get the feel that it can handle many obscure workflows that other version control systems could not. But it also feels elegant underneath. And fast! This is no doubt in part to Linus's talent. But I'm wondering, was the overall design of git based off of something? I've read about BitKeeper but the accounts are scant on technical details. The compression, the graphs, getting rid of revision numbers, emphasizing branching, stashing, remotes... Where did it all come from? Linus really knocked this one out of the park and on pretty much the first try! It's quite good to use once you're past the learning curve.

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• Tracking contributions from contributors not using git

  - by alex.jordan

  I have a central git repo located on a server. I have many contributors that are not tech savvy, do not have server access, and do not know anything about git. But they are able to contribute via the project's web side. Each of them logs on via a web browser and contributes to the project. I have set things up so that when they log on, each user's contributions are made into a cloned repo on the server that is specifically for that user. Periodically, I log on to the server, visit each of their repos, and do a git diff to make sure they haven't done anything bad. If all is well, I commit their changes and push them to the central repo. Of course I need to manually look at their changes so that I can add an appropriate commit message. But I would also like to track who made the changes. I am making the commit, and I (and the web server) are the only users that are actually writing anything to the server. I could track this in the commit messages. While this strikes me as wrong, if this is my only option, is there a way to make userx's cloned repo always include "userx: " before each commit message that I add, so that I do not have to remind myself which user's repo I am in? Or even better, is there an easy way for me to make the commit, but in such a way as I credit the user whose cloned repo I am in?

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• Single-developer GIT workflow (moving from straightforward FTP)

  - by melat0nin

  I'm trying to decide whether moving to VCS is sensible for me. I am a single web developer in a small organisation (5 people). I'm thinking of VCS (Git) for these reasons: version control, offsite backup, centralised code repository (can access from home). At the moment I work on a live server generally. I FTP in, make my edits and save them, then reupload and refresh. The edits are usually to theme/plugin files for CMSes (e.g. concrete5 or Wordpress). This works well but provides no backup and no version control. I'm wondering how best to integrate VCS into this procedure. I would envisage setting up a Git server on the company's web server, but I'm not clear how to push changes out to client accounts (usually VPSes on the same server) - at the moment I simply log into SFTP with their details and make the changes directly. I'm also not sure what would sensibly represent a repository - would each client's website get their own one? Any insights or experience would be really helpful. I don't think I need the full power of Git by any means, but basic version control and de facto cloud access would be really useful.

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• How to get --detect-branches to work with git-p4?

  - by Michael Brennan

  My p4 repository has a structure similar to: //depot/project/branch1 //depot/project/branch2 //depot/project/branch3 ... etc However, when I use git-p4 to clone "project", all 3 branches are not considered as branches and all get cloned into the single master branch. This is how I'm invoking git-p4: git-p4 clone --detect-branches //depot/project I was expecting git-p4 to create a git database for "project" with three branches, and the root of the project would be mapped to the portion of the path after the branch name (for example: if //depot/project/branch1 has a subdirectory called "lib" (//depot/project/branch1/lib) then my local file system should be something like /git_project/lib with 3 git branches). Is what I'm expecting wrong? Am I invoking git-p4 incorrectly?

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• svn merge - moved repository to a different server, and now getting 'has different repository root'

  - by HorusKol

  This is kind of similar to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1601021/subversion-merge-has-different-repository-root-than - but appears to be a very different cause (especially as the answer for that question didn't resolve my problem). A while back, we swapped out the server where our SVN repositories are located - but we've been using an alias so that the old server name points to the new server. I've been getting in the habit where I will use the new server name wherever I checkout new working copies - but we having made changes to most of the current working copies as they are live websites. Until now, this hasn't been a problem - except that this morning I merged in some changes from my development branch to a working copy I have of the release version and I got the message "file has different repository root" and the merge stops dead. I know this is because I'm using the new server name when the development branch was updated via the old server name - but is there a simple way to fix this? Or if not a simple way - is there a well-documented way to fix this?

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• Setting up SVN+SSH for multiple users through one local user.

  - by Warlax

  Hi, I need to make our SVN repository accessible through the firewall - but without creating a local user for each potential external user. Instead, I would like to set-up SVN+SSH to route all external users through a single local user name. We would like each external user to authenticate with SSH the regular way but then treat their instance of svnserve as if they're all that single local user and possibly, control what parts of the repository each external user can access. I know that I will need to set my svnserve config according to the official guide. I tried, but the instructions are fuzzy and I am relatively a Linux n00b. What exactly are the steps to proceed? and how would you go about testing this? Thanks for your help.

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• SVN: Working with branches using the same working copy

  - by uXuf

  We've just moved to SVN from CVS. We have a small team and everyone checks in code on the trunk and we have never ever used branches for development. We each have directories on a remote dev server with the codebase checked out. Each developer works on their own sandbox with an associated URL to pull up the app in a browser (something like the setup here: Trade-offs of local vs remote development workflows for a web development team). I've decided that for my current project, I'll use a branch because it would span multiple releases. I've already cut a branch out, but I am using the same directory as the one originally checked out (i.e. for the trunk). Since it's the same directory (or working copy) for both the branch and the trunk, if for e.g. a bug pops up in the app I switch to the trunk and commit the change there, and then switch back to my branch for my project development. My questions are: Is this a sane way to work with branches? Are there any pitfalls that I need to be aware of? What would be the optimal way to work with branches if separate working copies are out of the question? I haven't had issues yet as I have just started doing this way but all the tutorials/books/blog posts I have seen about branching with SVN imply working with different working copies (or perhaps I haven't come across an explanation of mixed working copies in plain English). I just don't want to be sorry three months down the road when its time to integrate the branch back to the trunk.

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• Setting up Git / Apache on Windows

  - by yodaj007

  I'm following this tutorial to set up a personal Git server on Apache on my Windows 7 box. However, when I add the following to my httpd.conf, Apache throws an error when I try to start it. Can anyone assist in fixing whatever is wrong? SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT C:/Repositories SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL ScriptAliasMatch "(?x)^/(.*/(HEAD | info/refs | objects/(info/[^/]+ | [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx)) | git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" "C:/Program Files (x86)/git/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend.exe/$1" This is a fresh install of Apache. The only other change I've made to the config file is telling Apache to listen on port 9000 (IIS is listening on 80). This is the error from my event logs: The Apache service named reported the following error: ScriptAliasMatch takes two arguments, a regular expression and a filename . I tried putting all of the text on one line, like so: ScriptAliasMatch "(?x)^/(.*/(HEAD | info/refs | objects/(info/[^/]+ | [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx)) | git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" "C:/Program Files (x86)/git/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend.exe/$1" But nada.

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• Update git on mac

  - by Meltemi

  I can't remember how I installed git a while back....but now it's living in /usr/bin/git and needs to be updated. I don't care how (pre-compiled or build my own) but what I don't want is another version existing somewhere else. i vaguely remember curl(ing) down the source & compiling it. but not positive. anyway, what's the easiest way to keep Git up-to-date under Mac OS X? Side question: I'm not that familiar with git. once it's installed is it ENTIRELY contained within its directory? so, in my case, everything about git on my machine (excluding the actual code repositories of course) is in /usr/bin/git/ ? If so then can I just move git around with a simple mv -R /usr/bin/git /opt/git? Then update my $PATH and everything should work as before? if so then i supposed i could just install again by any method and to any directory...and then move the new one into /usr/bin replacing the old version?!? Or is this bad?

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• gitweb- fatal: not a git repository

  - by Robert Mason

  So I have set up a simple server running debian stable (squeeze), and have configured git. Using gitolite, I have all functionality (at least the basic clone/push/pull/commit) working. Installation of gitweb went without any issues. However, when I access gitweb, I get a gitweb screen without any repos listed. # tail -n 1 /var/log/apache2/error.log [DATE] [error] [client IP_ADDRESS] fatal: Not a git repository: '/var/lib/gitolite/repositories/testrepo.git' # cd /var/lib/gitolite/repositories/testrepo.git # ls branches config HEAD hooks info objects refs Here is what I see in /var/lib/gitolite/projects.list: testrepo.git And in /etc/gitweb.conf: # path to git projects (<project>.git) $projectroot = "/var/lib/gitolite/repositories"; # directory to use for temp files $git_temp = "/tmp"; # target of the home link on top of all pages #$home_link = $my_uri || "/"; # html text to include at home page $home_text = "indextext.html"; # file with project list; by default, simply scan the projectroot dir. $projects_list = "/var/lib/gitolite/projects.list"; # stylesheet to use $stylesheet = "gitweb.css"; # javascript code for gitweb $javascript = "gitweb.js"; # logo to use $logo = "git-logo.png"; # the 'favicon' $favicon = "git-favicon.png"; What is missing?

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• Problems installing GIT on Ubuntu through SSH

  - by jamadri

  I'm having trouble installing git using this command: sudo apt-get install git-core It's giving me the problems below and I'm not quite sure how to get this to work correctly. I try running sudo apt-get update and after it just gives me problems. If anyone knows how to solve this or a possible way of getting GIT on your machine differently it would be of much help. I've never had a problem with using apt-get. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! liberror-perl git-core patch Install these packages without verification [y/N]? y Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com jaunty/main git-core 1:1.6.0.4-1ubuntu2 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com jaunty/main patch 2.5.9-5 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/git-core/git-core_1.6.0.4- 1ubuntu2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/patch/patch_2.5.9- 5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.183 80] E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? Anything reply that can help fix this would be helpful. I'm not sure if it's the git servers or my connection that might be the problem. I've used apt-get to pull other things, it's just failing with git.

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• Using git pull to track a remote branch without merging

  - by J Barlow

  I am using git to track content which is changed by some people and shared "read-only" with others. The "readers" may from time to time need to make a change, but mostly they will not. I want to allow for the git "writers" to rebase pushed branches** if need be, and ensure that the "readers" never accidentally get a merge. That's normally easy enough. git pull origin +master There's one case that seems to cause problems. If a reader makes a local change, the command above will merge. I want pull to be fully automatic if the reader has not made local changes, while if they have made local changes, it should stop and ask for input. I want to track any upstream changes while being careful about merging downstream changes. In a way, I don't really want to pull. I want to track the master branch exactly. ** (I know this is not a best practice, but it seems necessary in our case: we have one main branch that contains most of the work and some topic branches for specific customers with minor changes that need to be isolated. It seems easiest to frequently rebase to keep the topics up to date.)

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• 'txn-current-lock': Permission denied [500, #13] - Subversion + Apache Configuration Issue

  - by wfoster

  Current Setup Fedora 13 32bit Apache 2.2.16 Subversion repositories setup under /var/www/svn I have two different repositories under this directory so my /etc/httpd/conf.d/subversion.conf setup in this way; LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so LoadModule authz_svn_module modules/mod_authz_svn.so <Location /svn> DAV svn SVNListParentPath on SVNParentPath /var/www/svn <LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT> AuthType Basic AuthName "Subversion Repository" AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/.htpasswd Require valid-user </LimitExcept> </Location> After copying over my repos and using; chmod 755 -R /var/www/svn chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /var/www/svn chown apache:apache -R /var/www/svn I can browse my repos fine through the browser, and I can update all my working copies, however when I try to check in from anywhere I get the same error Can't open file '/var/www/svn/repo/db/txn-current-lock':Permission denied I have been working on this issue for a while now and cant seem to find a solution to my issues. It might be of some use to know that the repo existed on a different server before this, it has been now moved to this new server. Everything I have read seems to indicate that the permissions for apache are incorrect, however apache is set to run as User apache and Group apache. So as far as I can tell my setup is correct. The behavior is not though. Any Ideas? Solution The only way I was able to get this to work is to disable SELinux, it could also be done by setting the proper booleans with SELinux via setsetbool and getsebool since this is just a home server, I decided to disable SELinux and am reaping the benefits now.

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• svn post-commit not performing

  - by davin

  ive been sitting on this for about 7 hours, and ive aged close to 7 years... ahhh, server admin does that to me. i have svn wired through apache2 with webdav in the usual manner (basically like http://www.howtoforge.com/setting-up-subversion-with-webdav-post-commit-hook-and-multiple-sites-on-jaunty-jackalope-ubuntu-9.04). ive had endless problems with this (i didnt on my previous ubuntu server install, although this is ubuntu 10.10): this happened, and was fixed like in the post: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2547400/how-do-you-fix-an-svn-409-conflict-error this looks like my issue, although its not my solution: http://serverfault.com/questions/135494/apache-svn-on-ubuntu-post-commit-hook-fails-silently-pre-commit-hook-permis my commit to svn works (finally). although the post-commit hook which is supposed to svn update the working copy of the repo on the server, doesn't work. the post-commit hook itself executes, and has sudo permissions (as in the setup url above. testing with whoami somelogfile.log or sudo whoami somelogfile.log shows www-data and root, respectively), although it wont perform the svn update (sudo svn update /var/www/gameServer /var/svn/gameServer.log). similar to the serverfault url above, when i perform the exact command it does update the working copy to the latest revision, just not through the post-commit hook. an age old question that is 90% of the time a permissions issue. but in pure frustration i chmod 777 lots of stuff not to mention the fact that www-data is in /etc/sudoer so it shouldnt even need that. im collapsing in front of the screen partly out of frustration and partly out of sleepiness. any direction would be appreciated.

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• SVN Merge Question

  - by SVN

  Suppose that I have two massive folders in SVN: test and prod. I'm trying to use the following svn command to merge the content from test into prod: svn merge ./prod@HEAD ./test@HEAD ./prod However, my SVN repository is huge and this process takes an enormous amount of time. Is there any way that I can make a simpler merge statement which will be more processor friendly? Perhaps a server-URL based merge? Any insight is appreciated....

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• How to use git feature branches with live updates and merge back to master?

  - by karlthorwald

  I have a production website where master is checked out and a development webiste where I develop in feature branches. When a feature is merged into master I do this on the development site: (currently on the new-feature branch) $ git commit -m"new feature finished" $ git push $ git checkout master $ git merge new-feature $ git push And on the production site: (currently on master branch) $git pull This works for me. But sometimes the client calls and needs a small change on the website quickly. I can do this on production on master and push master and this works fine. But when I use a feature branch for the small change I get a gap: (On production on branch master) $ git branch quick-feature $ git checkout quick-feature $ git push origin quick-feature $ edit files... $ git add . $ git commit -m"quick changes" $ git push # until this point the changes are live $ git checkout master #now the changes are not live anymore GAP $ git merge quick-feature # now the changes are live again $ git push I hope I could make clear the intention of this workflow. Can you recommend something better?

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• Install Git under OSX Mavericks

  - by Jan Hancic

  I've just completed a fresh install of Mavericks. Then I went to git-scm.com and downloaded the Mac installer and installed Git from that. Now whenever I go into the terminal and type git I get this: xcode-select: note: no developer tools were found at '/Applications/Xcode.app', requesting install. Choose an option in the dialog to download the command line developer tools. I also this dialog: The git installer installed git into /usr/local/git/bin and I've added this to my PATH but still no dice. What am I doing wrong here? I don't want to install xcode just so I can use git.

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• git init --bare permission denied on 16gb USB stick

  - by Sour Lemon

  I am using GIT on a Windows 7 machine (64 bit) and have been learning how to use GIT to version control my files. Now I want to be able to create a --bare repository on an external device (in this case a 16gb USB stick) but unfortunately when I try to create a --bare repository on it I get the following error: f:/: Permission denied I am using the GIT Bash program which is installed with GIT on Windows machines, so these are the commands I am typing in (I am also opening the program as administrator by holding ctrl + shift when I open it) cd /f git init --bare f:/: Permission denied However if I create a normal repository it works just fine: cd /f git init Initialized empty repository in f:/.git/ Can anybody shed some light on why I can't create a --bare repository? Any help would be much appreciated.

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• beanstalk using php-git on windows client

  - by ntidote

  I am trying to install beanstalk for php using git. I am using a Windows Client machine. I am done with the prerequisite installations , credentials setup. I am following the link http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/create_deploy_PHP.sdlc.html The following step does not workout (i use git bash for git related commands) From your Git repository directory, type the following command. git aws.config This gives the error git : 'aws.config' is not a git command. Please suggest how to deal with the issue.

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• Git pull with unstaged changes

  - by Peter

  Attempting a git pull when you have unstaged changes will fail, saying you can commit or stash then. I suppose a workaround is to git stash, git pull, then git stash pop. However, is there an alternative way to do this? I would like to forcefully git pull if there are unstaged changes, but only if the files being brought down do not override the modified files? AKA. if I have a repo with the files "derp1", "derp2", "derp3" and modify "derp1" locally, a git pull will bring down and overwrite everything except the "derp1" file. I assume a git stash + pull + stash pop achieves this already? And is there a better way? I suppose this could also work differently if it occurs on a submodule.

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• Git with SSH on Windows

  - by pankar

  Hello all, I've went through the excellent guide provided by Tim Davis (http://www.timdavis.com.au/git/setting-up-a-msysgit-server-with-copssh-on-windows/) which is about configuring Git to work with SSH under Windows in order to produce a Git Server in order to have a main place for my DVCS. I am in the process of creating a clone for my project. I’ve went through all the steps till this point, but I keep getting this from TortoiseGit: git.exe clone -v “ssh://[email protected]:22/SSH/Home/administrator/myapp.git” “E:\GitTest\myapp” bash: [email protected]: command not found Initialized empty Git repository in E:/GitTest/myapp/.git/ fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly Success and nothing gets cloned. BTW: The TortoisePLink comes up just before this message appears and asks me: “login as:” ( I thought that this info is given in the command, i.e: Administrator@blahblah. My home variable is set to the correct place: From a Git Bash shell: echo $HOME /c/SSH/home/Administrator I’ve also tried using Putty’s plink instead of TortoisePLink (in both Git’s and TortoiseGit’s installation). This time the error was narrowed down to: git.exe clone -v “ssh://[email protected]:22/c:/SSH/Home/administrator/myapp.git” “E:\GitTest\myapp” Initialized empty Git repository in E:/GitTest/myapp/.git/ fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly Any help is more than welcome! Thanks Panagiotis

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• git push says everything up to date when it definitely is not

  - by Wolf

  I have a public repository. No one else has forked, pulled, or done anything else to it. I made some minor changes to one file, successfully committed them, and tried to push. It says 'Everything up-to-date'. There are no branches. I'm very, very new to git and I don't understand what on earth is going on. git remote show origin tells me: HEAD branch: master Remote branch: master tracked Local ref configured for 'git push': master pushes to master (up to date) Any ideas what I can do to make this understand that it's NOT up to date? Thanks Updates: git status: # On branch master # Untracked files: # (use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed) # # histmarkup.el # vendor/yasnippet-0.6.1c/snippets/ no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") git branch -a: * master remotes/origin/master git fsck: dangling tree 105cb101ca1a4d2cbe1b5c73eb4a238e22cb4998 dangling tree 85bd0461f0fcb1618d46c8a80d3a4a7932de34bb Update 2: I re-opened the modified file, and the modifications I KNOW I had made were gone. So I added them again, went through the rigamarole of git status, git add filename, git commit -m "(message)", and git push origin master, and all of a sudden it works the way it's supposed to.

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• questions about using svn

  - by ajsie

  i have set up a svn repository in a remote ubuntu server using webdav (http://ip/svn). but i have some questions: should i create one svn repository for each project folder? so i should use "svnadmin create" 5 times for 5 projects? or should i import them to seperate folders in the svn repository? should i after i have created a svn repo, import one project folder into it with "svn import" and then DELETE my original local folder thus only having it in the svn repo in the remote ubuntu server? is this safe or should i still have a local copy for some reason (cause i wont work in that one)? i use netbeans to check out projects from svn repo, then i edit the files and commit the changes. but how should i do to update the live web server content (in /var/www)? should i in my ubuntu server use "svn checkout" and check it out to /var/www or should i use netbeans to check out to a local folder and then upload the files to /var/www with ftp or webdav (and which one of them should i use)? so i got a svn repo and lets say 4 programmers are working with it, checking out and commiting. how do i check what is happening in the repo, which one made which changes, and all the changes from day 1 to day 213? does netbeans/eclipse letting me see this kind of information or do i download another application for it? i should have one svn user for each programmer in the ubuntu server? is this accomplished by using "htpasswd" 4 times for 4 programmers? how do i couple all these users to same group so that i could modify file access specific for the svn group and all its members?

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• Help renaming svn repository

  - by rascher

  Here is the deal: I created an SVN repository, say, foo. It is at http://www.example.com/foo. Then I did an svn checkout. I made some updates and changes to my local copy of the code over the week. I haven't committed yet. I realized that I wanted to rename the repository. So I did this: svn copy http://example.com/foo http://example.com/bar svn delete http://example.com/foo I finish my changes (and local svn still thinks I'm working under "foo".) svn commit fails because the repo has been renamed. I try to use svn switch --relocate but it yells at me because svn is awful. I try using the script here to replace "foo" with "bar" in my billion .svn/ folders. This replace is taking a long time. I wonder if something hung? Or maybe sshfs failed? I kill it. Ctrl-C. I look and see that half my files have "foo" and the others have "bar" in the URLs in the sundry .svn/ folders. All I want to do is commit my files with the new name. I could re-checkout the branch, but then I have no way to remember which files I changed, which is why I was using version control in the first place, and svn is so godawful at moving and renaming things. What do I need to do to: Have a "clean" copy of my "bar" svn branch? and, most importantly: Commit the changes I made?

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