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  • Single Large v/s Multiple Small MySQL tables for storing Options

    - by Prasad
    Hi there, I'm aware of several question on this forum relating to this. But I'm not talking about splitting tables for the same entity (like user for example) Suppose I have a huge options table that stores list options like Gender, Marital Status, and many more domain specific groups with same structure. I plan to capture in a OPTIONS table. Another simple option is to have the field set as ENUM, but there are disadvantages of that as well. http://www.brandonsavage.net/why-you-should-replace-enum-with-something-else/ OPTIONS Table: option_id <will be referred instead of the name> name value group Query: select .. from options where group = '15' - Since this table is expected to be multi-tenant, the no of rows could grow drastically. - I believe splitting the tables instead of finding by the group would be easier to write & faster to execute. - or perhaps partitioning by the group or tenant? Pl suggest. Thanks

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  • Millions of SYN_RECV connections, no DDoS

    - by ThomK
    We have such server structure: reverse proxy (nginx) - worker (uwsgi) - postgresql / memcached. All servers are in local network behind router, with NATed external ip:ports (http/s 80/443 to proxy, and ssh 22 to all servers). Problem is, that sometimes proxy server netstat reports MILLIONS of SYN_RECV connections. From same IP / same ports. Like that: nginx ~ # netstat -n | grep 83.238.153.195 tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV [...] And this is not DDoS, because all IPs affected belongs to our website users. On side note, users says that it's not affecting them. Website is online and working, but... that particular one (from example above) told me that website is down and Firefox can't connect. I've done tcpdump. 19:42:14.826011 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:14.826042 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:17.887331 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:17.887343 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:19.065497 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:23.918064 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:23.918076 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:25.265499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.265501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.758051 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:37.758069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:40.714360 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:40.714374 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:41.665503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:46.751073 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:46.751087 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:47.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:59.865499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:01.265500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:13.320382 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:13.320399 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:16.320556 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:16.320569 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:17.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:22.250069 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:22.250080 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.665500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.865501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:35.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:37.903038 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:37.903054 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:40.772899 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:40.772912 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:41.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:46.793057 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:46.793069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:47.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:49.465503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 Anyone have some thoughts on that?

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  • Set value of hidden field in a form using jQuery's ".val()" doesn't work !

    - by texens
    I've been trying to set the value of a hidden field in a form using jQuery, but without success. Here is a sample code that explains the problem. If I keep the input type to "text", it works without any trouble. But, changing the input type to "hidden", doesn't work ! <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ $("button").click(function(){ $("input:text#texens").val("tinkumaster"); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <p>Name: <input type="hidden" id="texens" name="user" value="texens" /></p> <button>Change value for the text field</button> </body> </html> I also tried the following workaround, by setting the input type to "text" and then using a "display:none" style for the input box. But, this also fails ! It seems jQuery has some trouble setting hidden or invisible input fields. Any ideas? Is there a workaround for this that actually works? Thanking in anticipation

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  • FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel.

    - by SaveTheRbtz
    I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctls, so i'm posting them with comments. Based on Igor Sysoev (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Sysctls are for 7.x FreeBSD. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. Highload web server sysctls: # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Do not use lager sockbufs on 8.0 # ( http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=262144 # Recive clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 65k is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G #kern.ipc.nmbclusters=229376 # Jumbo pagesize(4k/8k) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=192000 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=24000 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=10240 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # Turn off receive autotuning #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) #net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on highspeed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) #net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # You can try setting it to 0 on fileserver with 1GBit+ interfaces # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't tested it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds (default: 30000 from RFC) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=40960 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becames lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 /boot/loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Usefull when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load= #siis_load= # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 200M) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=100 # Incresed hostcache net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize="16384" net.inet.tcp.hostcache.bucketlimit="100" # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # `sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg` # #Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is my additions to GENERIC kernel # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU of 8K(amd64) # (4k for i386). This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron #device amdtemp # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # DTrace options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data #options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (9.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 #options TEKEN_XTERM # NCQ support # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ #options ATA_CAM # FreeBSD 9+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html #options DEADLKRES PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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  • JSF: SelectOneRadio shortcuts for options

    - by pakore
    I have the following h:selectOneRadio: <h:selectOneRadio style="text-align:left" layout="pageDirection" id="#{prefix}_rating" value="#{examinationPanel.tempResult}" > <f:selectItems value="#{examinationPanel.options}"></f:selectItems> </h:selectOneRadio> And then the backing bean is loading the options based on some userpreferences: public List<SelectItem> loadOptions (Set<ResultEnum> possibleResults){ messages =ResourceBundle.getBundle("com.eyeprevent.resources.Messages",FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getViewRoot().getLocale()); List<SelectItem> options = new ArrayList<SelectItem>(); for(ResultEnum result:possibleResults){ SelectItem option = new SelectItem(result,messages.getString(result.name())); options.add(option); } return options; } How can I define shortcuts for the options in the radio group? por example typing "1" selects the first option, typing "2" the second, etc... Thanks in advance! ps. I'm using Jsf 1.2, Richfaces, Primefaces and Facelets.

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  • "Options ExecCGI is off in this directory" When try to run Ruby code using mod_ruby

    - by Itay Moav
    I am on Ubuntu, Apache 2.2 Installed the fcgi via apt-get then removed it via apt-get remove. Installed mod-ruby configuration I added to Apache: LoadModule ruby_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_ruby.so RubyRequire apache/ruby-run <Directory /var/www> Options +ExecCGI </Directory> <Files *.rb> SetHandler ruby-object RubyHandler Apache::RubyRun.instance </Files> <Files *.rbx> SetHandler ruby-object RubyHandler Apache::RubyRun.instance </Files> I have a file in the www direcoty with puts 'baba' I have other files in that directory, all accessible via Apache. Test file has been chmod 777 In the browser I get 403. In Apache error log I get: [error] access to /var/www/t.rb failed for (null), reason: Options ExecCGI is off in this directory If I move this to a sub folder rubytest and modify the relevant config to be: <Directory /var/www/rubytest> Options +ExecCGI </Directory> and making sure the directory has 755 permissions on it, it just try to download the file, as if it does not recognize the postfix *.rb any more If I give directory and files 777 it fails: usr/lib/ruby/1.8/apache/ruby-run.rb:53: warning: Insecure world writable dir /var/www/rubytest in LOAD_PATH, mode 040777 [Tue May 24 19:39:58 2011] [error] mod_ruby: error in ruby [Tue May 24 19:39:58 2011] [error] mod_ruby: /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/apache/ruby-run.rb:53:in load': loading from unsafe file /var/www/rubytest/t.rb (SecurityError) [Tue May 24 19:39:58 2011] [error] mod_ruby: from /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/apache/ruby-run.rb:53:in handler' BUT, IF I USE *.rbx it works like a charm...go figure.

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  • Small Business HP Virtualisation and iSCSI SAN Options

    - by Robin Day
    We are a small business that hosts our core product on a number of HP servers. Our core production setup is 1x HP DL380, high powered for a SQL Server Database 1x HP DL360, mid powered for our core application server 6x HP DL320, low powered for our front ends We run our training / testing / support systems on a similar setup, the servers are just older and less powerful. Unfortunately this is now causing us issues as the system has grown beyond the capabilities of these older servers. Upgrading these servers would be expensive and we believe that virtualisation is probably the way to go for the future. Locally we run a number of test / dev environments on ESXi using Direct Storoage on a couple of high powered DL360's and these are performing fairly well. We're thinking that instead of replacing all of our test servers that we can implement an iSCSI SAN and one or two high powered hosts. Hopefully looking that when it comes to replace our live servers as well that we can just expand the virual environment to cope. So my question is... Can anyone offer any advice on some suitable options? We have generally always been extremely happy with HP servers, all of our kit is currently HP, therefore our preference would be to stick with HP, however, I'm always happy to hear about other options. I'm hoping that initially a budget of around 15-25k (GBP) would be suitable, this could potentially be increased if I had confidence that the system would pave the way for a cost effective upgrade of our live systems in the future as well. I am new to SAN's and my only real experience is playing with OpenFiler on some old desktops. I think iSCSI should be suitable, but I've not done any research into how SQL server may perform. I've had a browser through HP's sites and see plenty of information about EVA, MSA, LeftHand, etc. However, from looking at all that, I don't see which options would be best and more importantly I don't know exactly what I would need to buy. Any help, links, opinions would be much appreciated. Thanks

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  • Hosting options for data-enabled web application

    - by Hertfordian
    I am independently developing an asp.net business application with a MySQL database. I currently have a Windows web hosting account which includes MySQL and MS SQL as installed supported options. I am not yet finally committed to using MySQL and I want to keep my options open to evaluate MS SQL and possibly other options such as PostGreSQL later when more of the business logic is in place - my data access layer will handle the database connectivity. The web hosting setup I have now is fine for development purposes, but if in future I want to use, say, PostGreSQL Server, and a level of usage of, say, 10,000 hits per day concentrated in business hours, I'm assuming I'll need a dedicated server. But in that case, should I just install PostGreSQL on the dedicated server, or is best practice to have a separate database server - perhaps locked down so that it can only be accessed through the web server? And supposing it was only 2000 hits a day - how would that change things? I'd appreciate it if anyone could point me in the direction of a useful guide to these sorts of issues. Naturally if I start paying for separate servers, I would like to know exactly why I'm doing it and what the performance issues and thresholds are.

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  • UEFI boot options gone

    - by user1797930
    I ran into some issues booting Windows after trying to make a complete backup of the disc. After searching for information about some of the error codes, I found advise to change some BIOS settings, but instead I thought I would just "restore defaults" to make sure all settings were set as originally intended. After doing so, all UEFI boot options except for "Windows Boot Manager" are gone. That means, including the CD/DVD drive, so I cannot even boot from a recovery DVD anymore - and as explained, Windows is not able to boot either. Do you have any advice? When I added a secondary drive originally, it was automatically added to the boot options menu. Even when removing and re-adding the drive physically, the option does not appear again. I have tried unplugging power, and hold down start button for 10 seconds, and boot afterwards - no change. It's a laptop so removing CMOS battery is not an option. I have read information that it is an issue with data removed from NVRAM, but I am unable to find a way to recover it. "Add new boot options" requires a path - but the CD/DVD was originally available without any CD's in the drive - so there is no path available to add the drive. I did try to open EFI shell, but it seems not to be embedded in the UEFI/BIOS. It just says "not found". I'm really lost here - any advice is appreciated.

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  • Get content of a div

    - by Sergiu
    <select> <div class="options"> <option value="nothing">Nothing</option> <option value="snothing">Second Nothing</option> </div> </select> I want to get the content of the DIV and print it inside javascript in a selector. $(document).ready(function () { var options = $('.options').html(); . . . var content = '<select>' + options + '</select>'; . . . }); I need to take options from the HTML. I've created a div indise <select></select> tags, because I had no other idea. But it's not working! I tried to put the options var inside <p></p> tags so i can print it, it sais 'undefined'.

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  • FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel

    - by SaveTheRbtz
    I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctl.conf/loader.conf/KENCONF. It was initially based on Igor Sysoev's (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Tunings are for FreeBSD-CURRENT. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. sysctl.conf: # No zero mapping feature # May break wine # (There are also reports about broken samba3) #security.bsd.map_at_zero=0 # If you have really busy webserver with apache13 you may run out of processes #kern.maxproc=10000 # Same for servers with apache2 / Pound #kern.threads.max_threads_per_proc=4096 # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Can cause this on older kernels: # http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=10485760 # Mbuf 2k clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 25600 is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G kern.ipc.nmbclusters=262144 # Jumbo pagesize(_SC_PAGESIZE) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=262144 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=65536 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=32768 # For lower latency you can decrease scheduler's maximum time slice # default: stathz/10 (~ 13) #kern.sched.slice=1 # Increase max command-line length showed in `ps` (e.g for Tomcat/Java) # Default is PAGE_SIZE / 16 or 256 on x86 # This avoids commands to be presented as [executable] in `ps` # For more info see: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=120749 kern.ps_arg_cache_limit=4096 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # On some systems HPET is almost 2 times faster than default ACPI-fast # Useful on systems with lots of clock_gettime / gettimeofday calls # See http://old.nabble.com/ACPI-fast-default-timecounter,-but-HPET-83--faster-td23248172.html # After revision 222222 HPET became default: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=222222 kern.timecounter.hardware=HPET # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=65535 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=65535 # Turn off receive autotuning # You can play with it. #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=0 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) # Also timestamp field is useful when using syncookies net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on high-speed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) # If you set it there is no need in TCP_NODELAY sockopt (see man tcp) net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) # This sysctl was removed in 10-CURRENT: # See: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg06178.html #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # TCP slowstart algorithm tunings # We assuming we have very fast clients #net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=100 #net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=100 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't checked it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # # stops route cache degregation during a high-bandwidth flood # http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/securing-freebsd.html #net.inet.ip.rtexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtminexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtmaxcache=1024 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # # There is also good example of sysctl.conf with comments: # http://www.thern.org/projects/sysctl.conf # # icmp may NOT rst, helpful for those pesky spoofed # icmp/udp floods that end up taking up your outgoing # bandwidth/ifqueue due to all that outgoing RST traffic. # #net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst=0 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # IPv6 Security # For more info see http://www.fosslc.org/drupal/content/security-implications-ipv6 # Disable Node info replies # To see this vulnerability in action run `ping6 -a sglAac ::1` or `ping6 -w ::1` on unprotected node net.inet6.icmp6.nodeinfo=0 # Turn on IPv6 privacy extensions # For more info see proposal http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/net/2008-06/msg00103.html net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr=1 net.inet6.ip6.prefer_tempaddr=1 # Disable ICMP redirect net.inet6.icmp6.rediraccept=0 # Disable acceptation of RA and auto linklocal generation if you don't use them #net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=0 #net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal=0 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds # (default: 30000. RFC from 1979 recommends 120000) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=200000 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becomes lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Note from commit http://svn.freebsd.org/base/head@211031 : # For systems with RAID volumes and/or virtualization envirnments, where # read performance is very important, increasing this sysctl tunable to 32 # or even more will demonstratively yield additional performance benefits. vfs.read_max=32 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 # ZFS # Enable prefetch. Useful for sequential load type i.e fileserver. # FreeBSD sets vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable to 1 on any i386 systems and # on any amd64 systems with less than 4GB of avaiable memory # For additional info check this nabble thread http://old.nabble.com/Samba-read-speed-performance-tuning-td27964534.html #vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=0 # On highload servers you may notice following message in dmesg: # "Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the # vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max tunable" vm.pmap.shpgperproc=2048 loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Useful when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Linux specific devices in /dev # As for 8.1 it only /dev/full #lindev_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load="YES" #siis_load="YES" # FreeBSD 8.2+ # New Congestion Control for FreeBSD # http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools/cc_chd-readme-0.1.txt # http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/78/slides/iccrg-5.pdf # Initial merge commit message http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg31410.html #cc_chd_load="YES" # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # If your server has lots of swap (>4Gb) you should increase following value # according to http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-October/029616.html # Otherwise you'll be getting errors # "kernel: swap zone exhausted, increase kern.maxswzone" # kern.maxswzone="256M" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 10% of mem) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # FreeBSD 9+ # HPET "legacy route" support. It should allow HPET to work per-CPU # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg03603.html #hint.atrtc.0.clock=0 #hint.attimer.0.clock=0 #hint.hpet.0.legacy_route=1 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=512 net.inet.tcp.syncache.cachelimit=65536 # Increased hostcache # Later host cache can be viewed via net.inet.tcp.hostcache.list hidden sysctl # Very useful for it's RTT RTTVAR # Must be power of two net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize=65536 # hashsize * bucketlimit (which is 30 by default) # It allocates 255Mb (1966080*136) of RAM net.inet.tcp.hostcache.cachelimit=1966080 # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Disable ipfw deny all # Should be uncommented when there is a chance that # kernel and ipfw binary may be out-of sync on next reboot #net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=1 # # SIFTR (Statistical Information For TCP Research) is a kernel module that # logs a range of statistics on active TCP connections to a log file. # See prerelease notes http://groups.google.com/group/mailing.freebsd.current/browse_thread/thread/b4c18be6cdce76e4 # and man 4 sitfr #siftr_load="YES" # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em/igb drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg # sysctl dev.em.0.debug=1 ; dmesg # Also after r209242 (-CURRENT) there is a separate sysctl for each stat variable; # Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.maxthreads=4 #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # # FreeBSD 9.x+ # Increase interface send queue length # See commit message http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&revision=207554 #net.link.ifqmaxlen=1024 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is KERNCONF: # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU >= 4k # This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets # Also this epic thread on kernel trap: # http://kerneltrap.org/node/6506 # Here Linus says that "anybody that does it that way (FreeBSD) is totally incompetent" #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE # There was stackoverflow found in KAME IPSec stack: # See http://secunia.com/advisories/43995/ # For quick workaround you can use `ipfw add deny proto ipcomp` options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL # On 8.1+ you can disable verbose to see blocked packets on ipfw0 interface. # Also there is no point in compiling verbose into the kernel, because # now there is net.inet.ip.fw.verbose tunable. #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron device amdtemp # Same for Intel processors device coretemp # man 4 cpuctl device cpuctl # CPU control pseudo-device # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # Debug & DTrace options KDB # Kernel debugger related code options KDB_TRACE # Print a stack trace for a panic options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only(?) options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks #options DDB #options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (8.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 # FreeBSD 8.1+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html # (FYI: "resolution" is panic so use with caution) #options DEADLKRES # Increase maximum size of Raw I/O and sendfile(2) readahead #options MAXPHYS=(1024*1024) #options MAXBSIZE=(1024*1024) # For scheduler debug enable following option. # Debug will be available via `kern.sched.stats` sysctl # For more information see http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/conf/NOTES?view=markup #options SCHED_STATS If you are tuning network for maximum performance you may wish to play with ifconfig options like: # You can list all capabilities via `ifconfig -m` ifconfig [-]rxcsum [-]txcsum [-]tso [-]lro mtu In case you've enabled DDB in kernel config, you should edit your /etc/ddb.conf and add something like this to enable automatic reboot (and textdump as bonus): script kdb.enter.panic=textdump set; capture on; show pcpu; bt; ps; alltrace; capture off; call doadump; reset script kdb.enter.default=textdump set; capture on; bt; ps; capture off; call doadump; reset And do not forget to add ddb_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf Since FreeBSD 9 you can select to enable/disable flowcontrol on your NIC: # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control and # http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg07927.html for additional info ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. FreeBSD WIP * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 7? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 8? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 9? So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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  • ajaxSubmit options success & error functions aren't fired

    - by Thommy Tomka
    jQuery 1.7.2 jQuery Validate 1.1.0 jQuery Form 3.18 Wordpress 3.4.2 I am trying to code a contact/ mail form in above environment/ with above jQuery libs. Now I am having a problem with the jQuery Form JS: I have taken the original code from the developers page for ajaxSubmit and only altered the target option to an ID which exists in my HTML source and replaced $ with jQuery in function showRequest. The problem is, that the function namend after success: does not fire. I tried the same with error: and again nothing fired. Only complete: did and the function I placed there alerted the responseText from the receiving script. Does anyone has an idea whats going wrong? Thanks in advance! Thomas jQuery(document).ready(function() { var options = { target: '#mail-status', // target element(s) to be updated with server response beforeSubmit: showRequest, // pre-submit callback success: showResponse, // post-submit callback // other available options: //url: url // override for form's 'action' attribute //type: type // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute //dataType: null // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) //clearForm: true // clear all form fields after successful submit //resetForm: true // reset the form after successful submit // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: //timeout: 3000 }; jQuery("#mailform").validate( { submitHandler: function(form) { jQuery(form).ajaxSubmit(options); }, errorPlacement: function(error, element) { }, rules: { author: { minlength: 2, required: true }, email: { required: true, email: true }, comment: { minlength: 2, required: true } }, highlight: function(element) { jQuery(element).addClass("e"); jQuery(element.form).find("label[for=" + element.id + "]").addClass("e"); }, unhighlight: function(element) { jQuery(element).removeClass("e"); jQuery(element.form).find("label[for=" + element.id + "]").removeClass("e"); } }); }); // pre-submit callback function showRequest(formData, jqForm, options) { // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data var queryString = jQuery.param(formData); // jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element. To access the // DOM element for the form do this: // var formElement = jqForm[0]; alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString); // here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted; // returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue return true; } // post-submit callback function showResponse(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) { // for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property // if the ajaxSubmit method was passed an Options Object with the dataType // property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property // if the ajaxSubmit method was passed an Options Object with the dataType // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback // is the json data object returned by the server alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText + '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.'); }

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  • Adding two Set[Any]

    - by Alex Boisvert
    Adding two Set[Int] works: Welcome to Scala version 2.8.1.final (Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM, Java 1.6.0_23). Type in expressions to have them evaluated. Type :help for more information. scala> Set(1,2,3) ++ Set(4,5,6) res0: scala.collection.immutable.Set[Int] = Set(4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3) But adding two Set[Any] doesn't: scala> Set[Any](1,2,3) ++ Set[Any](4,5,6) <console>:6: error: ambiguous reference to overloaded definition, both method ++ in trait Addable of type (xs: scala.collection.TraversableOnce[Any])scala.collection.immutable.Set[Any] and method ++ in trait TraversableLike of type [B >: Any,That](that: scala.collection.TraversableOnce[B])(implicit bf: scala.collection.generic.CanBuildFrom[scala.collection.immutable.Set[Any],B,That])That match argument types (scala.collection.immutable.Set[Any]) Set[Any](1,2,3) ++ Set[Any](4,5,6) ^ Any suggestion to work around this error?

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  • set proxy for vpn server on ubuntu server 12.4

    - by Morteza Soltanabadiyan
    I have a vpn server with HTTPS, L2TP , OPENVPN , PPTP. i want to set proxy in the server so all connection that comes from vpn clients use the proxy that i set in my server. I made a bash script file for it , but proxy not working. gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http enabled true gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host 'cproxy.anadolu.edu.tr' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port 8080 gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http authentication-user 'admin' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http authentication-password 'admin' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy use-same-proxy true export http_proxy=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 export https_proxy=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 export HTTP_PROXY=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 export HTTPS_PROXY=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 Now , i dont know what to do to make a global proxy for server and all vpn clients use it automatically.

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  • Problems re-populating select options in Rails when form returned with errors

    - by Rick
    I have a form with 2 select options in it -- frequency and duration. When there are errors with the form, and it is returned to the browser, the select options are not re-populated with the selections the user made even though the returned values for those fields match the values of options in the selects. Also, when the form is returned, these fields are not marked as having errors even though their values are blank. Here's the frequency and duration fields in Rails <%= frequency_select c, :frequency %> <%= duration_select c, :duration %> The method for frequency_select is def frequency_select(f, method) options = [["day", 1.day], ["other day", 2.days], ["week", 1.week]] f.select method, options, :include_blank => true end And the method for duration_select is def duration_select(f, method, unit="day" ) values, units = *case unit when "day" : [[[5, 5], [15, 15], [30, 29]], "days"] when "other day" : [[[15, 15], [30, 29], [45,45]], "days"] when "week" : [[[4, 29], [6, 43], [8, 57]], "weeks"] end f.select method, values.map {|(label, i)| ["#{label} #{units}", i.days]}, :include_blank => true end If you enter a value into one or both of these fields and submit the form without completing part of it (any part of it), the form is returned to the user (as would be expected), but the duration and frequency fields are not re-populated with the user's selection. If I add this bit of code to the form <p><%= @challenge.attributes.inspect %></p> I see that this for duration and frequency when the form is returned to the browser: "duration"=>3888000, "frequency"=>172800 These values match values on the options in the select fields. Is there anything special in Rails that needs to be done so that the select fields are re-populated with the user's selections? Any thoughts on what the problem could be or what I should try next? Help is greatly appreciated! -Rick PS If you look at some of the other questions, you'll notice I've asked about this in the past. At one point, I thought the form was returning values for frequency and duration in days rather than seconds, but that's not the case. PPS Here's one other bit of information that might matter, but my tests indicate that it probably does not. (Though, I'm a bit of a newbie to this, so don't take my word for it.) These two fields are chained together using the cascade jquery plugin. The javascript is included on the page (not in a separate file) and some of the js is being created by Rails. First, here are the scripts as they appear in the browser. The first is the script to generate the options for the duration select and the second is the script required by the Cascade plugin to trigger the field chaining. <script type="text/javascript"> var list1 = [ {'When':'86400','Value':' ','Text':' '}, {'When':'172800','Value':' ','Text':' '}, {'When':'604800','Value':' ','Text':' '}, {'When':'86400','Value':'432000','Text':'5 days'}, {'When':'86400','Value':'1296000','Text':'15 days'}, {'When':'86400','Value':'2505600','Text':'30 days'}, {'When':'172800','Value':'1296000','Text':'15 days'}, {'When':'172800','Value':'2505600','Text':'30 days'}, {'When':'172800','Value':'3888000','Text':'45 days'}, {'When':'604800','Value':'2505600','Text':'4 weeks'}, {'When':'604800','Value':'3715200','Text':'6 weeks'}, {'When':'604800','Value':'4924800','Text':'8 weeks'} ]; function commonTemplate(item) { return "<option value='" + item.Value + "'>" + item.Text + "</option>"; }; function commonMatch(selectedValue) { return this.When == selectedValue; }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery("#challenge_duration, #user_challenge_duration").cascade("#challenge_frequency, #user_challenge_frequency",{ list: list1, template: commonTemplate, match: commonMatch }) }); </script> And here's a bit of the the first script as it is in the erb file -- you see that some of the script is being generated by Rails <%= [ [1.day, [[5, 5], [15,15], [30, 29]], "days"], [2.days, [[15, 15], [30, 29], [45, 45]], "days"], [1.week, [[4, 29], [6, 43], [8, 57]], "weeks"]].map do |(frequency, durations, unit)| durations.map do |(label, value)| "{'When':'#{frequency}','Value':'#{value.days}','Text':'#{label} #{unit}'}" end end.join(",\n") -%> Now, the reason I don't think that it matters whether the duration is being generated with JS is the problem still exists if I remove all the JS the problem also affects the frequency field, whose options are not being generated by the JS

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  • How to set conditional activation to taskflows?

    - by shantala.sankeshwar(at)oracle.com
    This article describes implementing conditional activation to taskflows.Use Case Description Suppose we have a taskflow dropped as region on a page & this region is enclosed in a popup .By default when the page is loaded the respective region also gets loaded.Hence a region model needs to provide a viewId whenever one is requested.  A consequence of this is the TaskFlowRegionModel always has to initialize its task flow and execute the task flow's default activity in order to determine a viewId, even if the region is not visible on the page.This can lead to unnecessary performance overhead of executing task flow to generate viewIds for regions that are never visible. In order to increase the performance,we need to set the taskflow bindings activation property to 'conditional'.Below described is a simple usecase that shows how exactly we can set the conditional activations to taskflow bindings.Steps:1.Create an ADF Fusion web ApplicationView image 2.Create Business components for Emp tableView image3.Create a view criteria where deptno=:some_bind_variableView image4.Generate EmpViewImpl.java file & write the below code.Then expose this to client interface.    public void filterEmpRecords(Number deptNo){            // Code to filter the deptnos         ensureVariableManager().setVariableValue("some_bind_variable",  deptNo);        this.applyViewCriteria(this.getViewCriteria("EmpViewCriteria"));        this.executeQuery();       }5.Create an ADF Taskflow with page fragements & drop the above method on the taskflow6.Also drop the view activity(showEmp.jsff) .Define control flow case from the above method activity to the view activity.Set the method activity as default activityView image7.Create  main.jspx page & drop the above taskflow as region on this pageView image8.Surround the region with the dialog & surround the dialog with the popup(id is Popup1)9.Drop the commandButton on the above page & insert af:showPopupBehavior inside the commandButton:<af:commandButton text="show popup" id="cb1"><af:showPopupBehavior popupId="::Popup1"/></af:commandButton>10.Now if we execute this main page ,we will notice that the method action gets called even before the popup is launched.We can avoid this this by setting the activation property of the taskflow to conditional11.Goto the bindings of the above main page & select the taskflow binding ,set its activation property to 'conditional' & active property to Boolean value #{Somebean.popupVisible}.By default its value should be false.View image12.We need to set the above Boolean value to true only when the popup is launched.This can be achieved by inserting setPropertyListener inside the popup:<af:setPropertyListener from="true" to="#{Somebean.popupVisible}" type="popupFetch"/>13.Now if we run the page,we will notice that the method action is not called & only when we click on 'show popup' button the method action gets called.

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  • Bit-Twiddling in SQL

    - by Mike C
    Someone posted a question to the SQL Server forum the other day asking how to count runs of zero bits in an integer using SQL. Basically the poster wanted to know how to efficiently determine the longest contiguous string of zero-bits (known as a run of bits) in any given 32-bit integer. Here are a couple of examples to demonstrate the idea: Decimal = Binary = Zero Run 999,999,999 decimal = 00 111011 1 00 11010 11 00 1 00 1 11111111 binary = 2 contiguous zero bits 666,666,666 decimal = 00100111 10111100...(read more)

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  • Using set operation in LINQ

    - by vik20000in
    There are many set operation that are required to be performed while working with any kind of data. This can be done very easily with the help of LINQ methods available for this functionality. Below are some of the examples of the set operation with LINQ. Finding distinct values in the set of data. We can use the distinct method to find out distinct values in a given list.     int[] factorsOf300 = { 2, 2, 3, 5, 5 };     var uniqueFactors = factorsOf300.Distinct(); We can also use the set operation of UNION with the help of UNION method in the LINQ. The Union method takes another collection as a parameter and returns the distinct union values in  both the list. Below is an example.     int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };    int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };    var uniqueNumbers = numbersA.Union(numbersB); We can also get the set operation of INTERSECT with the help of the INTERSECT method. Below is an example.     int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };     int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };         var commonNumbers = numbersA.Intersect(numbersB);  We can also find the difference between the 2 sets of data with the help of except method.      int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };     int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };         IEnumerable<int> aOnlyNumbers = numbersA.Except(numbersB);  Vikram

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  • Better way to set up samba bridge?

    - by Adam Butler
    I have an old ubuntu laptop hooked up to between my wireless network and a wired media player box. I had previously shared my wireless network connection so the media player had internet access (ie. via nat) because it was a different subnet it could not access the file shares on the wireless network. To get around this I mounted the drives from the wireless network on the laptop and re-shared them with samba. This worked ok but had some drawbacks, it seemed slow and if network computers were turned off when the laptop rebooted I had to manually mount the shares. I've just re-installed with the latest ubuntu and was wondering if there is a better way to do this. Is there some way to bridge so the media player appears to be on the wireless network? Would this give better performance? Any other options? I'm also thinking there might be some samba options that could buffer files?

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  • Boost.MultiIndex: How to make an effective set intersection?

    - by Arman
    Hello, assume that we have a data1 and data2. How can I intersect them with std::set_intersect()? struct pID { int ID; unsigned int IDf;// postition in the file pID(int id,const unsigned int idf):ID(id),IDf(idf){} bool operator<(const pID& p)const { return ID<p.ID;} }; struct ID{}; struct IDf{}; typedef multi_index_container< pID, indexed_by< ordered_unique< tag<IDf>, BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_MEMBER(pID,unsigned int,IDf)>, ordered_non_unique< tag<ID>,BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_MEMBER(pID,int,ID)> > > pID_set; ID_set data1, data2; Load(data1); Load(data2); pID_set::index<ID>::type& L1_ID_index=L1.data.get<ID>(); pID_set::index<ID>::type& L2_ID_index=L2.data.get<ID>(); // How do I use set_intersect? Kind regards, Arman.

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  • Set scheduled task last result to 0x0 manually

    - by Rogier
    Every night a task runs that checks if any scheduled task has a Last Result is not equal to 0x0. If a scheduled tasks has an error like 0x1, then automatically an e-mail is sent to me. As some tasks are running only weekly, and sometimes an error occurs which results in not equal to 0x0, every night an e-mail is sent with the error message, as the Last Result column still shows the last result of 0x1. But I would like to set the Last Result column to 0x0 manually if I solved a problem, so I won't get every night an e-mail with the error message. So is it possible to set the scheduled tasks Last Result to 0x0 manually (or by a script)? @harrymc. See located script underneath that is sending the e-mail. I can easily add a criteria to ignore result 0x1 (or another code), however this is not the solution as most of the times this result is a real error and has to be e-mailed. set [email protected] set SMTPServer=SMTPserver set PathToScript=c:\scripts set [email protected] for /F "delims=" %%a in ('schtasks /query /v /fo:list ^| findstr /i "Taskname Result"') do call :Sub %%a goto :eof :Sub set Line=%* set BOL=%Line:~0,4% set MOL=%Line:~38% if /i %BOL%==Task ( set name=%MOL% goto :eof ) set result=%MOL% echo Task Name=%name%, Task Result=%result% if not %result%==0 ( echo Task %name% failed with result %result% > %PathToScript%\taskcheckerlog.txt bmail %PathToScript%\taskcheckerlog.txt -t %YourEmailAddress% -a "Warning! Failed %name% Scheduled Task on %computername%" -s %SMTPServer% -f %FromAddress% -b "Task %name% failed with result %result% on CorVu scheduler %computername%" )

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  • Hyper-V Deployment Options Best Practices

    - by Erv Walter
    In what circumstances would you choose each of the following deployment options: Hyper-V installed as the bare bones Windows Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V role installed on a Windows Server 2008 R2 Server Core installation Hyper-V role installed on a Windows Server 2008 R2 Full Installation For example, I know there are licensing considerations for each option: With Hyper-V on top of a full installation of Enterprise or Data Center edition, you can use Windows Server as a guest OS without needing additional licenses (4 for Enterprise, unlimited for Data Center) With "Windows Hyper-V Server" you have to obtain licenses for each guest OS. But my real question is, are there technical considerations as well? I understand that the Full Installation doesn't perform as well as the other two options, but is there a significant difference between Server Core and "Windows Hyper-V Server"? What are the pros and cons of Hyper-V on Server Core vs "Windows Hyper-V Server" and when would you choose each?

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  • HP Recovery options: System Recovery not showing

    - by sha404
    I am using HP Pavilion dv4 notebook. Previously, there were following options in Recovery Manager(using f11 during boot): +System Recovery +Factory Restore +Minimized Image Recovery The System Recovery option allows me to restore only Operating system drive e.g. C:\ drive, keeping all other user (me) created hard drives intact. I made a set of recovery disk. Since then I don't see the System Recovery option in HP Recovery Manager. But all other options are still there. But when I use recovery disks that i created earlier, that option e.g. System Recovery is shown. But It's really boring and time consuming to use disks for recovery. So, what's the problem with internal HP Recovery Manager? Why isn't it showing that option?

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  • ClearMyTracksByProcess - all options?

    - by Jonny Blaze
    I've seen the list of values floating around the internet for ClearMyTracksByProcess Delete Temporary Internet Files: RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 8 Delete Cookies: RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 2 Delete History: RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 1 Delete Form Data: RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 16 Delete Passwords: RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 32 Delete All: RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 255 Delete All + files and settings stored by Add-ons: RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 4351 But it's not a complete list of all the options, and I can't seem to find a complete list (whether there isn't one published, or this one has been republished too many times and is hogging all the search results, I'm not sure). What I'm looking to do is delete Cookies + Temp + Add-ons, but preserve History, Form data, and Passwords. Has anybody found a complete list of all the available options? Or just the option for Add-ons so I can do the math myself? (e.g. Add-ons value + 8 + 2 = the answer I'm looking for) Thanks for looking at my question!

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