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• Grub2 menu after vmware gust customization

  - by poopa

  Hi, I have ubuntu 9.10 desktop VMware VM with the default grub2 installed. There is some weird problem with this VM. When you clone this vm and have a customization script run, the cloned machine crashes at first boot (VMware does not officially suport customizaing Ubuntu newer than 8.04). After the creash the Grub boot menu is displayed but there is not time out. I checked /boot/grub/grub.cfg and it does indeed show a timeout of 10 seconds. Nothing happens till I select an option with the keyboard. The second time the Ubuntu loads, it does not crash. My question is, how do I make the grub menu timeout in that case? Thanks.

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• Adding custom script on ESXi 5.0

  - by Quzar

  I have an ESXi server that I would like to have run a custom script on every boot that contains esxcli and other commands. I have tried adding the script into init.d and creating an rc.local.d folder with a script, but the etc folder gets rebuilt on startup. I've also tried modifying state.tgz and local.tgz in the /bootbank folder in order to force these files to appear, but that does not seem to work either. Is there any way I can run custom commands on boot? Note: I've tried the advice here ESXi boot process / state storage to no avail. Seems the system was changed between 4.1 and 5.0

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• Grub2 menu after crash

  - by poopa

  Hi, I have ubuntu 9.10 desktop VMware VM with the default grub2 installed. There is some weird problem with this VM. When you clone this vm and have a customization script run, the cloned machine crashes at first boot (VMware does not officially suport customizaing Ubuntu newer than 8.04). After the creash the Grub boot menu is displayed but there is not time out. I checked /boot/grub/grub.cfg and it does indeed show a timeout of 10 seconds. Nothing happens till I select an option with the keyboard. The second time the Ubuntu loads, it does not crash. My question is, how do I make the grub menu timeout in that case? Thanks.

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• Third monitor randomly defaults to 640 x 480 on startup

  - by ajbdev

  I purchased a PowerColor HD 5770 video card so I could get a third monitor working. I have two widescreen monitors, one attached via HDMI and the other attached via DVI. My third monitor is attached from DisplayPort to VGA (using a passive connector like this one) The third monitor is a 19" Hyundai L90D. I was unable to find any Windows 7 (or Vista for that matter) drivers for the monitor, so it's stuck with "Generic Non-PNP Monitor". It's native resolution is 1280 x 1024. Randomly Windows will boot up in the correct native res, but sometimes it boots up in 640 x 480 res. When it does boot up into 640 x 480 res, the screen resolution slider is stuck and I cannot slide it back to 1280 x 1024. I cannot find a pattern for when or why it will do this, I've tried rebooting five or six times in a row at times to get it to boot into native res, but this doesn't always work.

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• Debian virtual server hangs on reboot, need help debugging

  - by BubuIIC

  I'm admin of a Debian 6 virtual server. I've been trying to diagnose this problem for a while but haven't gotten anything. The server hangs every time I want to reboot it. All services seem to be shutting down, I lose ssh connection. Then nothing. I have to restart it through the hoster's web-interface, which just gives me the options "Normal Boot" and "Rescue System". Normal boot then brings the server back to life. Possibly (probably?) related, the server does not boot into a newer kernel version, it's running 2.6.18 right now, but installed is actually 2.6.32. I don't know whether it hangs on shutdown or on startup, but booting through the web-interface works (except the kernel part). Am I missing something obvious? Where should I start looking? I have no idea how to diagnose the problem.

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• I can't finish installation of 12.10 on Windows 8

  - by Janna Zhou

  When I followed the instruction to install Ubuntu 12.10 with wubi, the come out window ask me to reboot the computer to finish the installation. I followed the instruction and stopped with the message I have left below. Could you please tell me how to finish installation? I'm worried if I follow the instruction below to remove_hiberfile in Windows it would result in a failure to boot my Window 8 system: Completing the Ubuntu installation. For more installation boot options, press 'ESC'now... 0 Busy Box v1.19.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.19.3-7ubuntu1) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) windows is hibernated, refused to mount. Failed to mount '/dev/sda2/: Operation not permitted the NTFS partition is hibernated. Please resume and shutdown Windows properly, or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option, or mount the volume read-write with the 'remove_hiberfile' mount option. For example type on the command line: mount -t ntsfs-3g -0 remove_hiberfile/dev/sda2/isodevice mount:mounting/dev/sda2 on /isodevice failed: No such device Could not find the ISO/ubuntu/install/installation.iso This could also happen if the file system is not clean because of an operating system crash, an interrupted boot process, an improper shutdown, or unplugging of a removable device without first unmounting or ejecting it. To fix this, simply reboot into windows, let it fully start, log in, run 'chkdsk/r', then gracefully shut down and reboot back into Windows. After this you should be able to reboot again and resume the installation.

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• Windows Embedded CE DiskPrep PowerToy

  - by Bruce Eitman

  Kurt Kennett from Microsoft has offered up a handy new tool. This tool is useful for creating a boot disk for x86 Windows CE systems that use the BIOSLoader. This is especially useful for creating disks with formats other than FAT16, which are fairly easy to create. I am letting you know about this new tool, but I have to be honest in telling you that I haven’t used it myself because it is for Windows Vista and Windows 7 – which I don’t have available right now. But you can bet that I will be setting up a virtual machine to give it a try. Here is what Kurt has to say about the tool: Download the DiskPrep Tool  DiskPrep can prepare any hard disk that can be attached to your development PC so that it can boot your X86-based Windows CE OS Design. USB disks (including disk "keys"), Compact Flash Cards, and SD cards all work if your system bios can boot from that type of media. FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT all supported. DOS is not used - the program prepares the bios loader on the disk and only uses that. If you use Windows Vista or Windows 7, you can use VHD files for VirtualPC. This allows for rapid prototyping of a self-booting system. Copyright © 2010 – Bruce Eitman All Rights Reserved

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• How do I install GRUB on a RAID system installation?

  - by root45

  I'm trying to setup and install Ubuntu on a RAID 1 setup. I have two disks, sdb and sdc. I've been following this guide https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SoftwareRAID which more or less works for getting everything set up and Ubuntu installed. The problem is at the end of the installation, it tries to install GRUB. By default it tries my "first disk", which gives a "fatal error". I've tried installing it on a specific partion, e.g. sdb1 as well as RAID devices, e.g. md0, md1, etc.. Nothing seems to work. Edit: The actual error is "Unable to install GRUB in /dev/sdb Executing 'grub-install '/dev/sdb' failed. This is a fatal error." Then I'm taken back to the main install menu. If I choose "Install the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk" option, I can pick the partition, but entering sdb2 or md1 gives the same error. So I went ahead an just didn't install GRUB, which means now I presumably have a working Ubuntu installation, but I can't boot it. I've tried booting from the LiveCD to install GRUB, but I can't chroot into my system because it doesn't seem to recognize that my disk is a Linux disk. There's an error about it being a RAID partition. So basically I would really like to know how you know to which device to install GRUB at installation, or at the very least, how to install it on to my system now. I suppose I should also mention that sda is a Windows 7 installation that I would like to keep around and be able to access at boot. Thanks for any help.

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• Why does Ubuntu reset brightness settings at the loading screen?

  - by leugim

  Since I first installed Ubuntu 11.10, I noticed that volume and screen brightness get reset every time Ubuntu starts. Why is this so? And what ways are there to keep brightness and volume levels after rebooting? I have found some scripts that change the screen-brightness at login. But this is not a good solution since login is slower because it seems to wait until the screen brightness is at the level specified by the script. After entering the password I see the screen brightness go down gradually. Only after this is complete (~1 or 2 seconds) does the background disappear and Unity come up. The screenbrightness is not remembered but instead redefined at login. So it gets remembered for the first part of the boot, then set to MAX and then again re-set to normal value by the script. My boot process is as follows: desired brightness: 2 (13,33%) / Max brightness: 15 (100%) Bios / brightness: OK GRUB (violet background color, white text) / brightness: OK Ubuntu loading screen with the dots / brightness: MAX (win7 loads with OK-brightness) User Login / brightness: MAX Unity starts / brightness: OK It seems to be more like a temporary patch than a actual solution. I'm looking for solutions that set the desired brightness permanently and consistently throughout the whole boot-process After updating to 12.04 the behavior is the same. I tried setpci -s 02:00.0 F4.B=XX The value of F4.B is always '0' regardless of what value I try to set it to (tried 0, ff, f, 5, etc) The solution in this answer does not have any noticeable effect: Desktop doesn't remember brightness settings after a reboot The variables at /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/ get changed if I use Fn+UP and Fn+DOWN Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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• How to Combine Rescue Disks to Create the Ultimate Windows Repair Disk

  - by The Geek

  We’ve covered loads of different anti-virus, Linux, and other boot disks that help you repair or recover your system, but why limit yourself to just one? Here’s how to combine your favorite repair disks together to create the ultimate repair toolkit for broken Windows systems—all on a single flash drive. The ones we’ve covered already? Here’s a quick list of all the ways you can recover your system with a rescue disk: How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC How to Use the BitDefender Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC How to Use the Kaspersky Rescue Disk to Clean Your Infected PC Change or Reset Windows Password from a Ubuntu Live CD The 10 Cleverest Ways to Use Linux to Fix Your Windows PC Change Your Forgotten Windows Password with the Linux System Rescue CD Use Ubuntu Live CD to Backup Files from Your Dead Windows Computer If you need to clean up an infected system, we’d absolutely recommend the BitDefender CD, since it’s auto-updating. Best bet? Create your ultimate boot disk with as many of the different utilities as your flash drive can hold Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 The 50 Best How-To Geek Windows Articles of 2010 The 20 Best How-To Geek Explainer Topics for 2010 How to Disable Caps Lock Key in Windows 7 or Vista How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC Luigi Installs Any OS on Google’s Cr-48 Notebook DIY iPad Stylus Offers Pen-Based Interaction on the Cheap Serene Blue Ubuntu Wallpaper for Your Desktop Enjoy Old School Style Video Game Fun with Chicken Invaders Hide the Twitter “Litter” in Twitter’s Sidebar Area (Chrome and Iron) Public Domain Day: Reflections on Copyright and the Importance of Public Domain

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• How to format FAT32 filesystem infected with windows virus and that is write protected

  - by explorex

  Hi, I have a pendrive with FAT32 filesystem. it is infected with virus dont know which but has autorun.inf and create exe file within folder. I tried to format it with various filesystems and even try to delete it with GParted but couldn't because it says it is write protected i can't even delete files. How to format it? user@explorerx:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbd04bd04 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 498 3998720 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 499 19457 152287585+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 5100 10198 40957686 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 10199 14787 36861111 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda7 14788 19457 37511743+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda8 499 5099 36956160 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc13bc13b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 9729 78143488 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdc2 9729 19457 78143488 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 4194 MB, 4194304000 bytes 112 heads, 47 sectors/track, 1556 cylinders Units = cylinders of 5264 * 512 = 2695168 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2 1557 4091904 b W95 FAT32

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• Running 64 bit Ubuntu distribution from 32 bit Ubuntu

  - by csg

  Related to this question How do I run qemu with 64bit processor on a 64bit machine?, I'm trying to run latest ubuntu 11.10 64bit distribution under Ubuntu 11.04 32 bit using qemu on a core2duo (64 bit cpu) machine, using following qemu parameters with no success. Error under qemu: "This kernel required an x86-64 CPU, but only detected an i686 CPU. Unable to boot - please use a kernel appropiate for your CPU" Isn't qemu suppose to emulate a 64 bit machine? I think I'm missing something, but I can't figure it out. qemu -cpu (kvm64|core2duo|qemu64) -boot d -cdrom ubuntu-11.10-desktop-amd64.iso qemu-system-x86_64 -boot d -cdrom ubuntu-11.10-desktop-amd64.iso Here is my uname -m i686 Here is my /proc/cpuinfo processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 23 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P8400 @ 2.26GHz stepping : 6 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 3072 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 lahf_lm dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4522.45 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:

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• KDE not loading without nomode tag in grub and bad resolution [migrated]

  - by fcole90

  I recently installed Linux Mint 13 KDE but it's not working fine. At first I had to use failsafe mode to boot because normal boot takes to a textual login. If I use normal boot and text login I'm not able to run KDE nor with kdm start neither with startx. kdm says that's already running. Instead X is not able to run because can't connect Xserver to display. If I stop kdm and starx again doesn't change anything. Now I edited the grub to load in nomode. In that way KDE loads but resolution is wrong and xrandr doesn't help, because if I do this: cvt 1366 768 it changes it to 1368: # 1368x768 59.88 Hz (CVT) hsync: 47.79 kHz; pclk: 85.25 MHz Modeline "1368x768_60.00" 85.25 1368 1440 1576 1784 768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync I also installed bumblebee and nvidia drivers because of optimus technology.. It worked just to have fun with glxspheres but there isn't any gain on KDE.. This is lspci output: fabio@fabio-EasyNote-TS11HR ~ $ lspci |grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 [GeForce GT 540M] (rev ff My notebook is an EasyNote TS with NVIDIA GeForce GT 540M. Thank you in advance to anyone that may help!

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• Restoring GRUB2 on Software RAID 0 after Windows 7 wiped it using Ubuntu 10.10 LiveCD

  - by unknownthreat

  I have installed Ubuntu 10.10 on my system. However, I need to install Windows 7 back, and I expect that it would alter GRUB and it did. Right now, my partition on my Software RAID 0 looks like this: nvidia_acajefec1 is Ubuntu 10.10 and nvidia_acajefec3 is Windows 7. I've been following some guides around and I am always stuck at GRUB not able to detect the usual RAID content. I've tried running: sudo grub > root (hd0,0) GRUB complains it couldn't find my hard disk. So I tried: find (hd0,0) And it complains that it couldn't find anything. So I tried: find /boot/grub/stage1 It said "file not found". Here's the text from the console: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename. ] grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Error 21: Selected disk does not exist grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 find /boot/grub/stage1 Error 15: File not found Fortunately, I got one person suggesting that what I've been trying to do is for GRUB Legacy, not GRUB2. So I went to the suggested website, ** (http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide) **try to look around, and try: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Unable to seek on /dev/sda This is just the step 2 of the instruction in the http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide and I cannot proceed because it cannot seek /dev/sda. However, ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmraid -r /dev/sdb: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 /dev/sda: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 So what now? Do you have an idea for how to make fdisk see my RAID array on live cd (Ubuntu 10.10)? Honestly, I am lost, very lost in trying to restore GRUB2 on this software RAID 0 system right now.

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• How to set acpi=off for installation?

  - by Johan Helgø

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64bit from a USB created in Windows using the recommended software from pendrivelinux. The USB is tested on two laptops and works fine. The install does not work on my desktop PC, it either hangs with lots of text on the screen, or it just gives me a screen with garbled colors. Right now it hangs on "[3.925311] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...", but it hangs on different spots every time I try. I know that acpi=off will fix this. On older versions, there used to be a pink screen with the icon of a keyboard, at that screen I could press ESC, and I would then get a long list of languages, I could choose English, and then I would get options for setting acpi=off, then install without any problems. This new install menu does not have those options. The (now black and white) "Installer boot menu"'s advanced options is blank. There simply are no advanced options. If I go to help, then press F6, I get to a help screen describing the different boot parameters. I see examples of writing "Install acpi=off" However, writing "install acpi=off" it gives an error saying "could not find kernel image: install". How can I install Ubuntu 12.04 with acpi=off? (Oh, btw, nothing happens if I press F6 in the "Installer boot menu")

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• Trouble installing Server 12.10 - Dead keyboard, Blank Screen, Network Config

  - by Mikey

  Installing 12.10 server from cd - minimal installation: basic system, ssh server,postgreSQL, manual updates. Hardware is brand new HP server that also runs Win 2003 Server Standard as a DNC excellently - I installed the grub boot manager on the primary partition and it is working fine - can boot to Win or Ubuntu without issue. Everything seemed to go OK on the installation - BUT when I restarted the system after install and booted to Ubuntu, I got the command prompt for Ubuntu, but the keyboard was UNREPSONSIVE - dead. There is nothing wrong with the keyboard - works fine if I boot to Win. With a completely unrepsonsive keyboard I had to hit the power switch - when I restarted and booted to Ubuntu, Ubuntu started but no command prompt came up at all - just black screen. I powered down and rebooted to advanced Ubuntu options - it tried to reinstall/initliaze a long list of packages - when it got to 'waiting for network configuration' it waited, then a message 'waiting 60 seconds for network configuration'... it waited 60 seconds and then I got a 'failed to configure network message' and it continued. Finally it finished, I hit enter and got to a prompt - but again, keyboard UNREPSONSIVE - dead. I went through this several times - tried 'repairing broken installation' option and also reinstalling entirely - always same results. I am flummoxed. The only clue I have is that for the Windows DNC config, the IP address is static - not via DHCP. But I don't think that should impact Ubuntu at all - perhaps I am mistaken. What is wrong?

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• NTFS partitions mount as root instead of user as set in /etc/fstab

  - by G1bs0n

  I recently upgraded a server to Ubuntu 12.04 with a fresh install and my NTFS partitions won't mount as user at boot but I can mount them as user manually from the console with $ sudo mount -a. Using ntfsfix reports no problems and chkdisk sees nothing wrong under Windows 7. Are the drives not ready to be mounted at boot and default to root instead of user for some reason? Here is my /etc/fstab: UUID=E4E6B30CE6B2DDCC /media/Bowles ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=A040C42340C3FDD2 /media/Burroughs ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=EA022C73022C46C3 /media/DoctorGonzo ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=BA425A384259FA19 /media/Geist ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=E87CFAE57CFAAE06 /media/DouglasAdams ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 Here is the output of ls -l after boot: drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Oct 31 21:46 Bowles drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 8192 Oct 31 21:46 Burroughs drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 4096 Oct 28 21:45 DoctorGonzo drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 12288 Oct 31 19:56 DouglasAdams drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 4096 Nov 3 01:03 Geist If I unmount and mount again with $ sudo mount -a from console, the output of ls -l: drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Oct 31 21:46 Bowles drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 8192 Oct 31 21:46 Burroughs drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Oct 28 21:45 DoctorGonzo drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 12288 Oct 31 19:56 DouglasAdams drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Nov 3 01:03 Geist Update I was fooling myself, I had a custom udev rule set up to auto-mount file systems by label for USB drives, borrowed from here, but didn't update the rule to accommodate for my additional hard drives. Updating the rule to auto-mount only drives after /dev/sde solved my problem. Thank you again for your reply cartoonist.

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• Unattended grub configuration after kernel upgrade

  - by bouke

  Today I have been working on automatic deployment of an ubuntu server. I got stuck on automatic updating of the server using apt-get upgrade trying to upgrade to a new kernel. The log looks like this: Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic (3.2.0-24.39) ... Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst (...) Then a question is presented: Package configuration +---------------------------------¦ +---------------------------------+ ¦ A new version of /boot/grub/menu.lst is available, but the version ¦ ¦ installed currently has been locally modified. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ What would you like to do about menu.lst? ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ install the package maintainer's version ¦ ¦ keep the local version currently installed ¦ ¦ show the differences between the versions ¦ ¦ show a side-by-side difference between the versions ¦ ¦ show a 3-way difference between available versions ¦ ¦ do a 3-way merge between available versions (experimental) ¦ ¦ start a new shell to examine the situation ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <Ok> ¦ ¦ ¦ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The desired outcome would be to select the first option and to continue: Replacing config file /run/grub/menu.lst with new version Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done After running the upgrade by hand, I used debconf-get-selections to inspect the correct answer for the question (see other settings). It seems like update_grub_changeprompt_threeway is the question that should be answered. However, setting this using debconf-set-selections presented me with the same question: debconf-set-selections <<< "grub grub/update_grub_changeprompt_threeway select install_new" apt-get -y dist-upgrade How can this question be automated?

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• Building the Bootsector of BIOSLOADER

  - by Kate Moss' Open Space

  Windows CE is a 32 bits OS since day one, so it makes sense tools shipped with PB, compiler, linker, assembler and etc, are for targeting to 32 bits system. But occasionally, if you are developing x86 based system and especially working on some boot code, such as boot sector of BIOSLOADER, that will be a problem. Normally, as PB provides the prebuilt boot sector image but if you ever need to rebuilt it, what should you do? You may say as it's an x86, perhaps you can use VS or Windows SDK to build it. But unfortunately, today's desktop Windows tool chains are also 32 or even 64 bits only, you need to find something older. VC++ 6.0, but how can you find one? This Website http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/masm.htm arranges some useful resources. Basically, you need 2 thing, the 16 bits MASM and 16 bits linker. Just make it even easier for you Download http://download.microsoft.com/download/vb60ent/Update/6/W9X2KXP/EN-US/vcpp5.exe for Assembler (MASM). Download http://download.microsoft.com/download/vc15/Update/1/WIN98/EN-US/Lnk563.exe for the Linker. And then just extract the archives and what you need is ml.exe, ml.err and link.exe

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• Dock with dual external DVI monitors with Intel + Nvidia Optimus?

  - by Ryan

  I have a Dell Latitude E6420 laptop plugged into a docking station, and the dock has 2 monitors (connected with DVI). Also note that I've installed Ubuntu alongside (dual-boot) Windows 7. I can't get the dual monitors to work both on Ubuntu (either 11.10 or 12.04) and Windows 7. When I run lspci | grep VGA, I get: 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation GF108 [Quadro NVS 4200M] (rev a1) If I then reboot and uncheck Optimus setting in the BIOS during reboot, I'm able to get the dual monitors to work in Ubuntu 12.04 (but I need to configure them every boot in Nvidia Settings). When I run lspci | grep VGA, I get: 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF119 [Quadro NVS 4200M] (rev a1) But then if I reboot into Windows (leaving the Optimus unchecked), Windows can't detect external monitors, and the resolution is unacceptably low. I've seen on many forum posts that this particular graphics card setup causes lots of headaches. I haven't been able to resolve my problem yet. How can I use my external display on my laptop with intel and nvidia video cards? How to use external displays with Intel driver on a NVidia/Intel hybrid system nVidia Optimus , Unity 3D and Dual Monitors "Just use VGA instead of DVI" isn't an option because my dock has only 1 VGA port (and 2 DVI). Switching the BIOS setting on every reboot and then reconfiguring the display settings every time is tedious, time-consuming, and impractical. Do you know how to make this work smoothly? Thanks for your help! P.S. see also: http://superuser.com/questions/434358/dell-latitude-e6420-dual-boot-ubuntu-windows-7-optimus-graphics-problems

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• libc-bin errors when trying to install php

  - by jonney

  i am trying to update and install php into my ubuntu server 12.04 using the command below: apt-get upgrade php apt-get install php5-curl php5-gd php5-mysql php5-pgsql However i receive this error all the time: gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic with 1. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-34-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-34-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-server: linux-image-server depends on linux-image-3.2.0-33-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-33-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server: linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.33.36); however: Package linux-image-server is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up libpq5 (9.1.10-0ubuntu12.04) ... No apport report written because the error message indicates it's a follow-up error from a previous failure. No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Setting up php5-curl (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.8) ... Setting up php5-pgsql (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.8) ... Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-32-generic gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-32-generic with 1. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-33-generic linux-image-3.2.0-34-generic linux-image-server linux-server initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Not sure whats wrong and why it cant process the linux-image files?

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• Can windows XP be better than any Ubuntu (and Linux) distro for an old PC?

  - by Robert Vila

  The old laptop is a Toshiba 1800-100: CPU: Intel Celeron 800h Ram 128 MB (works ok) HDD: 15GB (works ok) Graphics adapter: Integrated 64-bit AGP graphics accelerator, BitBIT, 3D graphic acceleration, 8 MB Video RAM Only WindowsXP is installed, and works ok: it can be used, but it is slow (and hateful). I thought that I could improve performance (and its look) easily, since it is an old PC (drivers and everything known for years...) by installing a light Linux distro. So, I decided to install a light or customized Ubuntu distro, or Ubuntu/Debian derivative, but haven't been successful with any; not even booting LiveCDs: not even AntiX, not even Puppy. Lubuntu wiki says that it won't work because the last to releases need more ram (and some blogs say much more cpu -even core duo for new Lubuntu!-), let alone Xubuntu. The problems I have faced are: 1.There are thousands of pages talking about the same 10/15 lightweight distros, and saying more or less the same things, but NONE talks about a simple thing as to how should the RAM/swap-partition proportion be for this kind of installations. NONE! 2.Loading the LiveCD I have tried several different boot options (don't understand much about this and there's ALWAYS a line of explanation missing) and never receive error messages. Booting just stops at different stages but often seems to stop just when the X server is going to start. I am able to boot to command line. 3.I ignore whether the problem is ram size or a problem with the graphics driver (which surprises me because it is a well known brand and line of computers). So I don't know if doing a partition with a swap partition would help booting the LiveCD. 4.I would like to try the graphical interface with the LiveCD before installing. If doing the swap partition for this purpose would help. How can I do the partition? I tried to use Boot Rescue CD, but it advises me against continuing forward. I would appreciate any ideas as regards these questions. Thank you

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• How to mount an external HDD?

  - by Slash

  I have Ubuntu Linux 12.04 version the latest right now.I want to mount an external HDD NTFS 1TB.I have followed many guides but still no success.The error I'm getting is this: Failed to read last sector (1953523119): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sdb1': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sdb1' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around? Using Storage Device MAnager i get this error:Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with: mount: only root can mount /dev/sdb1 on /media/Skliros_Diskos {external disk name} When I use sudo fdisk -l, this is the output: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e0bc6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 618854399 309426176 83 Linux /dev/sda2 618856446 625141759 3142657 5 Extended /dev/sda5 618856448 625141759 3142656 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121600 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002093a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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• I can't install Ubuntu on my Dell Inspiron 15R at all

  - by Kieran Rimmer

  I'm attempting to install Ubuntu 12.04LTS, 64 bit onto a Dell Inspiron 15R laptop. I've shrunk down one of the windows partitions and even used gparted to format the vacant space as ext4. However, the install disk simply does not present any options when it comes to the partitioning step. What I get is a non-responsive blank table As well as the above, I've changed the BIOS settings so that USB emulation is disabled (as per Can't install on Dell Inspiron 15R), and changed the SATA Operation setting to all three possible options. Anyway, the install CD will bring up the trial version of ubuntu, and if I open terminal and type sudo fdisk -l, I get this: Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb4fd9215 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda2 * 81920 29044735 14481408 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 29044736 1005142015 488048640 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 1005154920 1953520064 474182572+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32017047552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3892 cylinders, total 62533296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb4fd923d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 16775167 8386560 84 OS/2 hidden C: drive If I type 'sudo parted -l', I get: Model: ATA WDC WD10JPVT-75A (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 41.1MB 41.1MB primary fat16 diag 2 41.9MB 14.9GB 14.8GB primary ntfs boot 3 14.9GB 515GB 500GB primary ntfs 4 515GB 1000GB 486GB primary ext4 Model: ATA SAMSUNG SSD PM83 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 8589MB 8588MB primary Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! I've also tried a Kubuntu 12.04 and Linuxmint install disks, wityh the same problem. I'm completely lost here. Cheers, Kieran

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• No WIFI or LAN on Ubuntu 12.04 or 12.10 Live CD/USB using Toshiba qosmio x870

  - by Mighty

  I recently had issues with secure boot and couldn't boot the Live CD/USB but after disabling secure boot, I was able to 'TRY UBUNTU'. My currently problem is that I can't access WIFI or LAN from either Ubuntu 12.04 or 12.10 Live CD/USB which I do from Windows 8. Also, the wireless button is able to turn on and off the wireless LED but doesn't find available WIFI. Please, what should I do to get both WIFI and LAN working on Ubuntu using Toshiba qosmio x870? UPDATED: Here's the output of lspci: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor PCI Express Root Port (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM76 Express Chipset LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1213 (rev a1) 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 10) 08:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 8723 09:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5229 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)

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