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• How does real world login process happen in web application in Java?

  - by Nitesh Panchal

  Hello, I am very much confused regarding login process that happen in Java web application. I read many tutorials regarding jdbcRealm and JAAS. But, one thing that i don't understand is that why should i use them ? Can't i simply check directly against my database of users? and once they successfully login to the site, i store some variable in session as a flag. And probably check that session variable on all restricted pages (I mean keep a filter for restricted resources url pattern).If the flag doesn't exist simply redirect the user to login page. Is this approach correct?Does this approch sound correct? If yes, then why did all this JAAS and jdbcRealm came into existence? Secondly, I am trying to completely implement SAS(Software as service) in my web application, meaning everything is done through web services.If i use webservices, is it possible to use jdbcRealm? If not, then is it possible to use JAAS? If yes, then please show me some example which uses mySql as a database and then authenticates and authorizes. I even heard about Spring Security. But, i am confused about that too in the sense that how do i use webservice with Spring Security. Please help me. I am really very confused. I read sun's tutorials but they only keep talking about theories. For programmers to understand a simple concept, they show a 100 page theory first before they finally come to one example.

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• Why am I getting "(304) Not Modified" error on some links when using HttpWebRequest?

  - by Greg

  Hi, Any ideas why on some links that I try to access using HttpWebRequest I am getting "The remote server returned an error: (304) Not Modified." in the code? The code I'm using is from Jeff's post here. Note the concept of the code is a simple proxy server, so I'm pointing my browser at this locally running piece of code, which gets my browsers request, and then proxies it on by creating a new HttpWebRequest, as you'll see in the code. It works great for most sites/links, but for some this error comes up. You will see one key bit in the code is where it seems to copy the http header settings from the browser request to it's request out to the site, and it copies in the header attributes. Not sure if the issue is something to do with how it mimics this aspect of the request and then what happens as the result comes back? case "If-Modified-Since": request.IfModifiedSince = DateTime.Parse(listenerContext.Request.Headers[key]); break; I get the issue for example from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page thanks

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• How to reuse results with a schema for end of day stock-data

  - by Vishalrix

  I am creating a database schema to be used for technical analysis like top-volume gainers, top-price gainers etc.I have checked answers to questions here, like the design question. Having taken the hint from boe100 's answer there I have a schema modeled pretty much on it, thusly: Symbol - char 6 //primary Date - date //primary Open - decimal 18, 4 High - decimal 18, 4 Low - decimal 18, 4 Close - decimal 18, 4 Volume - int Right now this table containing End Of Day( EOD) data will be about 3 million rows for 3 years. Later when I get/need more data it could be 20 million rows. The front end will be asking requests like "give me the top price gainers on date X over Y days". That request is one of the simpler ones, and as such is not too costly, time wise, I assume. But a request like " give me top volume gainers for the last 10 days, with the previous 100 days acting as baseline", could prove 10-100 times costlier. The result of such a request would be a float which signifies how many times the volume as grown etc. One option I have is adding a column for each such result. And if the user asks for volume gain in 10 days over 20 days, that would require another table. The total such tables could easily cross 100, specially if I start using other results as tables, like MACD-10, MACD-100. each of which will require its own column. Is this a feasible solution? Another option being that I keep the result in cached html files and present them to the user. I dont have much experience in web-development, so to me it looks messy; but I could be wrong ( ofc!) . Is that a option too? Let me add that I am/will be using mod_perl to present the response to the user. With much of the work on mysql database being done using perl. I would like to have a response time of 1-2 seconds.

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• Dependency Property ListBox

  - by developer

  Hi All, I want to use a dependency property, so that my label displays values selected in the listbox. This is just to more clearly understand the working of a dependency property. <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:WPFToolkit="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Controls;assembly=WPFToolkit" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1" x:Name="MyWindow" Height="200" Width="300" > <StackPanel> <ListBox x:Name="lbColor" Width="248" Height="56" ItemsSource="{Binding TestColor}"/> <StackPanel> <Label Content="{Binding Path=Test, ElementName=lbColor}" /> </StackPanel> </StackPanel> </Window> Code Behind, namespace WpfApplication1 { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for Window1.xaml /// </summary> public partial class Window1 : Window { public ObservableCollection<string> TestColor { get; set; } public String Test { get { return (String)GetValue(TestProperty); } set { SetValue(TestProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Title. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty TestProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Test", typeof(String), typeof(ListBox), new UIPropertyMetadata("Test1")); public Window1() { InitializeComponent(); TestColor = new ObservableCollection<string>(); DataContext = this; TestColor.Add("Red"); TestColor.Add("Orange"); TestColor.Add("Yellow"); TestColor.Add("Green"); TestColor.Add("Blue"); } } } Can anyone explain me how will I accompalish this using a dependency property. Somehow I am very confused with the Dependency Property concept, and I just wanted to see a working example for that.

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• Text message intent - catch and send

  - by Espen

  Hi! I want to be able to control incoming text messages. My application is still on a "proof of concept" version and I'm trying to learn Android programming as I go. First my application need to catch incomming text messages. And if the message is from a known number then deal with it. If not, then send the message as nothing has happened to the default text message application. I have no doubt it can be done, but I still have some concern and I see some pitfalls at how things are done on Android. So getting the incomming text message could be fairly easy - except when there are other messaging applications installed and maybe the user wants to have normal text messages to pop up on one of them - and it will, after my application has had a look at it first. How to be sure my application get first pick of incomming text messages? And after that I need to send most text messages through to any other text message application the user has chosen so the user can actually read the message my application didn't need. Since Android uses intents that are relative at best, I don't see how I can enforce my application to get a peek at all incomming text messages, and then stop it or send it through to the default text messaging application...

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• HATEOAS - Discovery and URI Templating

  - by Paul Kirby

  I'm designing a HATEOAS API for internal data at my company, but have been having troubles with the discovery of links. Consider the following set of steps for someone to retrieve information about a specific employee in this system: User sends GET to http://coredata/ to get all available resources, returns a number of links including one tagged as rel = "http://coredata/rels/employees" User follows HREF on the rel from the first request, performing a GET at (for example) http://coredata/employees The data returned from this last call is my conundrum and a situation where I've heard mixed suggestions. Here are some of them: That GET will return all employees (with perhaps truncated data), and the client would be responsible for picking the one it wants from that list. That GET would return a number of URI templated links describing how to query / get one employee / get all employees. Something like: "_links": { "http://coredata/rels/employees#RetrieveOne": { "href": "http://coredata/employees/{id}" }, "http://coredata/rels/employees#Query": { "href": "http://coredata/employees{?login,firstName,lastName}" }, "http://coredata/rels/employees#All": { "href": "http://coredata/employees/all" } } I'm a little stuck here with what remains closest to HATEOAS. For option 1, I really do not want to make my clients retrieve all employees every time for the sake of navigation, but I can see how using URI templating in example two introduces some out-of-band knowledge. My other thought was to use the RetrieveOne, Query, and All operations as my cool URLs, but that seems to violate the concept that you should be able to navigate to the resources you want from one base URI. Has anyone else managed to come up with a good way to handle this? Navigation is dead simple once you've retrieved one resource or a set of resources, but it seems very difficult to use for discovery.

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• How can I superimpose modified loess lines on a ggplot2 qplot?

  - by briandk

  Background Right now, I'm creating a multiple-predictor linear model and generating diagnostic plots to assess regression assumptions. (It's for a multiple regression analysis stats class that I'm loving at the moment :-) My textbook (Cohen, Cohen, West, and Aiken 2003) recommends plotting each predictor against the residuals to make sure that: The residuals don't systematically covary with the predictor The residuals are homoscedastic with respect to each predictor in the model On point (2), my textbook has this to say: Some statistical packages allow the analyst to plot lowess fit lines at the mean of the residuals (0-line), 1 standard deviation above the mean, and 1 standard deviation below the mean of the residuals....In the present case {their example}, the two lines {mean + 1sd and mean - 1sd} remain roughly parallel to the lowess {0} line, consistent with the interpretation that the variance of the residuals does not change as a function of X. (p. 131) How can I modify loess lines? I know how to generate a scatterplot with a "0-line,": # First, I'll make a simple linear model and get its diagnostic stats library(ggplot2) data(cars) mod <- fortify(lm(speed ~ dist, data = cars)) attach(mod) str(mod) # Now I want to make sure the residuals are homoscedastic qplot (x = dist, y = .resid, data = mod) + geom_smooth(se = FALSE) # "se = FALSE" Removes the standard error bands But does anyone know how I can use ggplot2 and qplot to generate plots where the 0-line, "mean + 1sd" AND "mean - 1sd" lines would be superimposed? Is that a weird/complex question to be asking?

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• Generating easy-to-remember random identifiers

  - by Carl Seleborg

  Hi all, As all developers do, we constantly deal with some kind of identifiers as part of our daily work. Most of the time, it's about bugs or support tickets. Our software, upon detecting a bug, creates a package that has a name formatted from a timestamp and a version number, which is a cheap way of creating reasonably unique identifiers to avoid mixing packages up. Example: "Bug Report 20101214 174856 6.4b2". My brain just isn't that good at remembering numbers. What I would love to have is a simple way of generating alpha-numeric identifiers that are easy to remember. Examples would be "azil3", "ulmops", "fel2way", etc. I just made these up, but they are much easier to recognize when you see many of them at once. I know of algorithms that perform trigram analysis on text (say you feed them a whole book in German) and that can generate strings that look and feel like German words. This requires lots of data, though, and makes it slightly less suitable for embedding in an application just for this purpose. Do you know of anything else? Thanks! Carl

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• Interesting questions related to lighttpd on Amazon EC2

  - by terence410

  This problem appeared today and I have no idea what is going on. Please share you ideas. I have 1 EC2 DB server (MYSQL + NFS File Sharing + Memcached). And I have 3 EC2 Web servers (lighttpd) where it will mounted the NFS folders on the DB server. Everything going smoothly for months but suddenly there is an interesting phenomenon. In every 8 minutes to 10 minutes, PHP file will be unreachable. This will last about 1 minute and then back to normal. Normal files like .html file are unaffected. All servers have the same problem exactly at the same time. I have spent one whole day to analysis the reason. Finally, I find out when the problem appear, the file descriptor of lighttpd suddenly increased a lot. I used ls /proc/1234/fd | wc -l to check the number of fd. The # of fd is around 250 in normal time. However, when the problem appeared, it will be raised to 1500 and then back to normal. It sounds funny, right? Do you have any idea what's going on? ======================== The CPU graph of one of the web server.

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• Design PDF template and populate data at runtime using java,xml etc..

  - by Samant

  well i have been looking for a java based PDF solutions...we dont have a clean way i guess-still.. all solutions are primitive and kind of workarounds... No easy solution for this requirement - 1. Designing a PDF template using a IDE (eg. Livecycle designer ..which is not free) 2. Then at runtime using java, populate data into this PDF template...either using xml or other datasources... such a simple requirement and NONE has a good "open-source and free" solution yet ! Is anyone aware of any ? I have been searching for since 3-4 years now..for a clean way out... Eclipse BIRT comes close.. but does not handle Barcode elements ..OOB. Jasper - ireport is also good but that tool does not have a table concept and is kind of annoying ! Also barcode support is not good. XSL-FO has not free IDE for design . Looking for a better answer .. got one ?

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• What is the the relation between programming and mathematics?

  - by Math Grad

  Programmers seem to think that their work is quite mathematical. I understand this when you try to optimize something in performance, find the most efficient alogithm, etc.. But it patently seems false when you look at a billing application for a shop, or a systems software riddled with I/O calls. So what is it exactly? Is computation and associated programming really mathematical? Here I have in mind particularly the words of the philosopher Schopenhauer in mind: That arithmetic is the basest of all mental activities is proved by the fact that it is the only one that can be accomplished by means of a machine. Take, for instance, the reckoning machines that are so commonly used in England at the present time, and solely for the sake of convenience. But all analysis finitorum et infinitorum is fundamentally based on calculation. Therefore we may gauge the “profound sense of the mathematician,” of whom Lichtenberg has made fun, in that he says: “These so-called professors of mathematics have taken advantage of the ingenuousness of other people, have attained the credit of possessing profound sense, which strongly resembles the theologians’ profound sense of their own holiness.” I lifted the above quote from here. It seems that programmers are doing precisely the sort of mechanized base mental activity the grand old man is contemptuous about. So what exactly is the deal? Is programming really the "good" kind of mathematics, or just the baser type, or altogether something else just meant for business not to be confused with a pure discipline?

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• writing into csv file

  - by arin

  I recived alarms in a form of text as the following NE=JKHGDUWJ3 Alarm=Data Center STALZ AC Failure Occurrence=2012/4/3 22:18:19 GMT+02:00 Clearance=Details=Cabinet No.=0, Subrack No.=40, Slot No.=0, Port No.=5, Board Type=EDS, Site No.=49, Site Type=HSJYG500 GSM, Site Name=Google1 . I need to fill it in csv file so later I can perform some analysis I came up with this namespace AlarmSaver { public partial class Form1 : Form { string filesName = "c:\\alarms.csv"; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void buttonSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!File.Exists(filesName)) { string header = "NE,Alarm,Occurrence,Clearance,Details"; File.AppendAllText(filesName,header+Environment.NewLine); } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); string line = textBoxAlarm.Text; int index = line.IndexOf(" "); while (index > 0) { string token = line.Substring(0, index).Trim(); line = line.Remove(0, index + 2); string[] values = token.Split('='); if (values.Length ==2) { sb.Append(values[1] + ","); } else { if (values.Length % 2 == 0) { string v = token.Remove(0, values[0].Length + 1).Replace(',', ';'); sb.Append(v + ","); } else { sb.Append("********" + ","); string v = token.Remove(0, values[0].Length + 1 + values[1].Length + 1).Replace(',', ';'); sb.Append(v + ","); } } index = line.IndexOf(" "); } File.AppendAllText(filesName, sb.ToString() + Environment.NewLine); } } } the results are as I want except when I reach the part of Details=Cabinet No.=0, Subrack No.=40, Slot No.=0, Port No.=5, Board Type=KDL, Site No.=49, Site Type=JDKJH99 GSM, Site Name=Google1 . I couldnt split them into seperate fields. as the results showing is as I want to split the details I want each element in details to be in a column to be somthin like its realy annoying :-) please help , thank you in advance

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• Access Violation in std::pair

  - by sameer karjatkar

  I have an application which is trying to populate a pair. Out of nowhere the application crashes. The Windbg analysis on the crash dump suggests: PRIMARY_PROBLEM_CLASS: INVALID_POINTER_READ DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID: INVALID_POINTER_READ STACK_TEXT: 0389f1dc EPFilter32!std::vector<std::pair<unsigned int,unsigned int>,std::allocator<std::pair<unsigned int,unsigned int> > >::size+0xc INVALID_POINTER_READ_c0000005_Test.DLL!std::vector_std::pair_unsigned_int, unsigned_int_,std::allocator_std::pair_unsigned_int,unsigned_int_____::size Following is the code snap in the code where it fails: for (unsigned i1 = 0; i1 < size1; ++i1) { for (unsigned i2 = 0; i2 < size2; ++i2) { const branch_info& b1 = en1.m_branches[i1]; //Exception here :crash const branch_info& b2 = en2.m_branches[i2]; } } where branch_info is std::pair<unsigned int,unsigned int> and the en1.m_branches[i1] fetches me a pair value.

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• Raw types and subtyping

  - by Dmitrii

  We have generic class SomeClass<T>{ } We can write the line: SomeClass s= new SomeClass<String>(); It's ok, because raw type is supertype for generic type. But SomeClass<String> s= new SomeClass(); is correct to. Why is it correct? I thought that type erasure was before type checking, but it's wrong. From Hacker's Guide to Javac When the Java compiler is invoked with default compile policy it performs the following passes: parse: Reads a set of *.java source files and maps the resulting token sequence into AST-Nodes. enter: Enters symbols for the definitions into the symbol table. process annotations: If Requested, processes annotations found in the specified compilation units. attribute: Attributes the Syntax trees. This step includes name resolution, type checking and constant folding. flow: Performs data ow analysis on the trees from the previous step. This includes checks for assignments and reachability. desugar: Rewrites the AST and translates away some syntactic sugar. generate: Generates Source Files or Class Files. Generic is syntax sugar, hence type erasure invoked at 6 pass, after type checking, which invoked at 4 pass. I'm confused.

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• 'Forward-Compatible' Program Design

  - by Jeffrey Kern

  The majority of my questions I've asked here so far on StackOverflow have been how to implement individual concepts and techniques towards developing a software-based NES clone via the XNA environment. The small samples that I've thrown together on my PC work relatively great and everything. Except I hit a brick wall. How do I merge all of these samples together. Having proof-of-concept is amazing, except when you need it to go beyond just that. I now have samples strewn about that I'm trying to merge, some of them incomplete. And now I'm stuck with the chicken-and-the-egg situation of where I would like to incorporate these samples together, to make sure they work, but I cannot without test data. And I don't have tools to create test data, because they'd need to be based off of the individual pieces that need to be put together. In my mind, I'm having nightmares with circular reference. For my sample data, I am hoping to save it in XML and write a specification - and then make sample data by hand - but I'm too paranoid of manually creating an XML file full of incorrect data and blaming it on my code, or vice-versa. It doesn't help that the end-result of my work is graphic-oriented, which makes it interseting how a graphic on the screen can be visualized in XML Nodes. I guess, my question is this: What design patterns and disciplines exist in the coding world that address this type of concern? I've always relied on brute-force coding and restarting a project with a whole new code base in attempts to further along my goals, but I doubt that would be the best way to do so. Within my college career, the majority of my programming was to work on simple projects that came out of a book, or with a given correct data set and a verifyable result. I don't have that, as my own design documents that I am going by could be terribly wrong.

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• Deterministic and non uniform long string generation from seed

  - by Limonup

  I had this weird idea for an encryption that I wanted to try out, it may be bad, and it may have done before, but I'm just doing it for fun. The short version of the question is: Is it possible to generate a long, deterministic and non-uniformly distributed string/sequence of numbers from a small seed? Long(er) version: I was thinking to encrypt a text by changing encoding. The new encoding would be generated via Huffman algorithm. To work well, the Huffman algorithm would need a fairly long text with non uniform distribution. Then characters can have different bit-lengths which would be the primary strength of this encryption. The problem is that its impractical to enter in/remember a long text each time you want to decrypt the text. So I was wondering if it was possible to generate a text from password seed? It doesn't matter what the text is, as long as it has non uniform distribution of characters and that the exact same sequence can be recreated each time you give it the same seed. Preferably, are there any functions/extensions in Python that can do this? EDIT: To expand on the "strength" of varying bit length: if I have a string "test", ASCII values 116, 101, 115, 116, which gives bit values of 1110100 1100101 1110011 1110100 Then, say my Huffman algorithm generates encoding like t = 101 e = 1100111 s = 10001 The final string is 101 1100111 10001 101, if we encode this back to ASCII, we get 1011100 1111000 1101000, which is 3 entirely different characters. Obviously its impossible to perform any kind of frequency analysis or something like that on this.

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• Architecting ASP.net MVC App to use repositories and services

  - by zaladane

  Hello, I recently started reading about ASP.net MVC and after getting excited about the concept, i started to migrate all my webform project to MVC but i am having a hard time keeping my controller skinny even after following all the good advices out there (or maybe i just don't get it ... ). The website i deal with has Articles, Videos, Quotes ... and each of these entities have categories, comments, images that can be associated with it. I am using Linq to sql for database operations and for each of these Entities, i have a Repository, and for each repository, i create a service to be used in the controller. so i have - ArticleRepository ArticleCategoryRepository ArticleCommentRepository and the corresponding service ArticleService ArticleCategoryService ... you see the picture. The problem i have is that i have one controller for article,category and comment because i thought that having ArticleController handle all of that might make sense, but now i have to pass all of the services needed to the Controller constructor. So i would like to know what it is that i am doing wrong. Are my services not designed properly? should i create Bigger service to encapsulate smaller services and use them in my controller? or should i have an articleCategory Controller and an articleComment Controller? A page viewed by the user is made of all of that, thee article to be viewed,the comments associated with it, a listing of the categories to witch it applies ... how can i efficiently break down the controller to keep it "skinny" and solve my headache? Thank you! I hope my question is not too long to be read ...

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• Which to use, XMP or RDF?

  - by zotty

  What's the difference between RDF and XMP? From what I can tell, XMP is derived from RDF... so what does it offer that RDF doesn't? My particular situation is this: I've got some images which need tagging with details of how an experiment was performed, and what sort of data analysis has been performed on the images. A colleague of mine is pushing for XMP, but he's thinking of the images as photos - they're not really, they're just bits of data. From what I've seen (mainly by opening images in notepad++) the XMP data looks very similar to RDF - even so far as using RDF in the tag names (e.g. <rdf:Seq>). I'd like this data to be usable by other people who use similar instruments for similar experiments, so creating a mini standard (schema?) seems like the way to go. Apologies for the lack of fundemental understanding - I'm a Doctor, not a programmer! If it makes any difference, the language of choice will be C#. Edit for more information: First off, thanks for the excellent replies - thinking of XMP as a vocabulary for RDF makes things a lot clearer. The sort of data I'll be storing wont be avaliable in any of the pre-defined sets. It'll detail experimental set ups, locations and results. I think using RDF is the way to go.

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• How to handle alpha in a manual "Overlay" blend operation?

  - by quixoto

  I'm playing with some manual (walk-the-pixels) image processing, and I'm recreating the standard "overlay" blend. I'm looking at the "Photoshop math" macros here: http://www.nathanm.com/photoshop-blending-math/ (See also here for more readable version of Overlay) Both source images are in fairly standard RGBA (8 bits each) format, as is the destination. When both images are fully opaque (alpha is 1.0), the result is blended correctly as expected: But if my "blend" layer (the top image) has transparency in it, I'm a little flummoxed as to how to factor that alpha into the blending equation correctly. I expect it to work such that transparent pixels in the blend layer have no effect on the result, opaque pixels in the blend layer do the overlay blend as normal, and semitransparent blend layer pixels have some scaled effect on the result. Can someone explain to me the blend equations or the concept behind doing this? Bonus points if you can help me do it such that the resulting image has correctly premultiplied alpha (which only comes into play for pixels that are not opaque in both layers, I think.) Thanks! // factor in blendLayerA, (1-blendLayerA) somehow? resultR = ChannelBlend_Overlay(baseLayerR, blendLayerR); resultG = ChannelBlend_Overlay(baseLayerG, blendLayerG); resultB = ChannelBlend_Overlay(baseLayerB, blendLayerB); resultA = 1.0; // also, what should this be??

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• Advanced All In One .NET Framework

  - by alfredo dobrekk

  Hi, i m starting a new project that would basically take input from user and save them to database among about 30 screens, and i would like to find a framework that will allow the maximum number of these features out of the box : .net c#. windows form. unit testing continuous integration screens with lists, combo boxes, text boxes, add, delete, save, cancel that are easy to update when you add a property to your classes or a field to your database. auto completion on controls to help user find its way use of an orm like nhibernate easy multithreading and display of wait screens for user easy undo redo tabbed child windows search forms ability to grant access to some functionnalities according to user profiles mvp/mvvm or whatever design patterns either some code generation from database to c# classe or generation of database schema from c# classes some kind of database versioning / upgrade to easily update database when i release patches to application once in production automatic control resizing code metrics analysis some code generator i can use against my entities that would generate some rough form i can rearrange after code documentation generator ... Any ideas ? I know its lot but i really would like to use existing code to build upon so i can focus on business rules. Could splitting the requirements on 3 or 4 existing open source framework be possible ? Do u have any suggestion to add to the list before starting ? What open source tools would u use to achieve these ?

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• How can I visualise a "broken" hierarchical dataset?

  I have a reasonably large datatable structured something like this: StaffNo Grade Direct Boss2 Boss3 Boss4 Boss5 Boss6 ------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 10001 1 10002 10002 10057 10094 10043 10099 10002 2 10057 NULL 10057 10094 10043 10099 10003 1 10004 10004 10057 10094 10043 10099 10004 2 10057 NULL 10057 10094 10043 10099 10057 3 10094 NULL NULL 10094 10043 10099 etc.... i.e. a unique id , their level (grade) in the hierarchy, a record of their bosses ID and the IDs of the supervisors above. (The 2,3,4, etc refers to the boss at that particular grade). The system relies on a strict hierarchy - if you are my boss (/parent) then your boss must be my grandparent. Unfortunately this rule is not enforced within the data model and the data ultimately comes from other systems which don't even know about the rule, let alone observe it. So you and I may share the same boss, but our bosses boss won't be the same. note: I cannot change the data model I cannot fix the data at source. So (for the moment) I have to fix the data once it's in place. Once a fortnight someone will do something which breaks the model and I'll need to modify the procs slightly to resolve. Not ideal, but I'm stuck with this for the next six months. Anyway, specific queries are easy to produce but I find it hard to keep track of the bigger picutre. The application which sits on this runs without complaint regardless but navigating around the system becoming extraordinarily confusing. So my question is: Can anyone recommend a tool (or technique) for generating some kind of "broken tree" diagram in this sort of circumstances? I don't want something that will fix things for me, or attempt statistical analysis but at least something that will give a visual indication of how broken it is at any one time. Note : At the moment this is in a SQL Server database but I'm open to ideas utilising C#, Perl or Python.

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• Hadoop/MapReduce: Reading and writing classes generated from DDL

  - by Dave

  Hi, Can someone walk me though the basic work-flow of reading and writing data with classes generated from DDL? I have defined some struct-like records using DDL. For example: class Customer { ustring FirstName; ustring LastName; ustring CardNo; long LastPurchase; } I've compiled this to get a Customer class and included it into my project. I can easily see how to use this as input and output for mappers and reducers (the generated class implements Writable), but not how to read and write it to file. The JavaDoc for the org.apache.hadoop.record package talks about serializing these records in Binary, CSV or XML format. How do I actually do that? Say my reducer produces IntWritable keys and Customer values. What OutputFormat do I use to write the result in CSV format? What InputFormat would I use to read the resulting files in later, if I wanted to perform analysis over them?

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• Extension methods for encapsulation and reusability

  - by tzaman

  In C++ programming, it's generally considered good practice to "prefer non-member non-friend functions" instead of instance methods. This has been recommended by Scott Meyers in this classic Dr. Dobbs article, and repeated by Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu in C++ Coding Standards (item 44); the general argument being that if a function can do its job solely by relying on the public interface exposed by the class, it actually increases encapsulation to have it be external. While this confuses the "packaging" of the class to some extent, the benefits are generally considered worth it. Now, ever since I've started programming in C#, I've had a feeling that here is the ultimate expression of the concept that they're trying to achieve with "non-member, non-friend functions that are part of a class interface". C# adds two crucial components to the mix - the first being interfaces, and the second extension methods: Interfaces allow a class to formally specify their public contract, the methods and properties that they're exposing to the world. Any other class can choose to implement the same interface and fulfill that same contract. Extension methods can be defined on an interface, providing any functionality that can be implemented via the interface to all implementers automatically. And best of all, because of the "instance syntax" sugar and IDE support, they can be called the same way as any other instance method, eliminating the cognitive overhead! So you get the encapsulation benefits of "non-member, non-friend" functions with the convenience of members. Seems like the best of both worlds to me; the .NET library itself providing a shining example in LINQ. However, everywhere I look I see people warning against extension method overuse; even the MSDN page itself states: In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. So what's the verdict? Are extension methods the acme of encapsulation and code reuse, or am I just deluding myself?

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• JMF microphone volume controller

  - by TacB0sS

  How to obtain the Microphone volume controller in JMF? this is what I have: I tried this implementation concept of yours, but I keep getting a null from the first volume processor when I try to get the stream, here is how I do it: // the device is the media device specifically audio Processor processorForVolume = Manager.createProcessor(device.getLocator()); // wait until configured ProcessorStates newState = new ProcessorStateListener(Processor.Configured).waitForProcessorState(processorForVolume); System.out.println("volumeProcessorState: "+newState); // setting the content descriptor to null - read in another thread this allows to get the gain control processorForVolume.setContentDescriptor(null); // set the track control format to one supported by the device and the track control. // I didn't match it to an RTP allowed format, but I don't think this has anything to do with it... TrackControl[] trackControls = processorForVolume.getTrackControls(); if (trackControls.length == 0) throw new MC_Exception("No track controls where found for this device:", new Object[]{device}); for (TrackControl control : trackControls) trackManipulator.manipulateTrackControls(control); // wait until the processor is realized newState = new ProcessorStateListener(Controller.Realized).waitForProcessorState(processorForVolume); System.out.println("volumeProcessorState: "+newState); // receives the gain control micVolumeController = processorForVolume.getGainControl(); // cannot get the output stream to process further... any suggestions? processor = Manager.createProcessor(processorForVolume.getDataOutput()); new ProcessorStateListener(Processor.Configured).waitForProcessorState(processor); processor.setContentDescriptor(DeviceCapturingManager.RAW_RTP); new ProcessorStateListener(Controller.Realized).waitForProcessorState(processor); this is the output It generates: volumeProcessorState: Configured format set to track control - com.sun.media.ProcessEngine$ProcTControl@1627c16: LINEAR, 48000.0 Hz, 16-bit, Stereo, LittleEndian, Signed volumeProcessorState: Realized and the data output from the processor is Null. I should make clear that when the content descriptor != null I do get an output stream but not the volume controller, and the when it is null I get the controller, but no stream. I try to connect to an audio microphone device Adam.

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• Strange Matlab error: "??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals"

  - by Roee Adler

  I have a function func that returns a vector a. I usually plot a and then perform further analysis on it. I have a certain scenario when once I try to plot a, I get a "??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals" error. Take a look at the following piece of code to see the vector's behavior: K>> a a = 5.7047 6.3529 6.4826 5.5750 4.1488 5.8343 5.3157 5.4454 K>> plot(a) ??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals. K>> for i=1:length(a); b(i) = a(i); end; K>> b b = 5.7047 6.3529 6.4826 5.5750 4.1488 5.8343 5.3157 5.4454 K>> plot(b) ??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals. The scenario where this happens is when I call function func from within another function (call it outer_func), and return the result directly as outer_func's result. When debugging inside outer_func, I can plot a properly, but outside the scope of outer_func, its result has the above behavior. What can cause this? Where do I start from?

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