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• Hidden bootloader

  - by Jack

  I need a bootloader that will work as described: I want my computer to boot Windows, that is my main OS installed on a primary bootable partition. However, I'd like to have a 2-3 second span with blinking cursor, before Windows starts. If I press any key in that period it should launch Ubuntu from a small Truecrypt-encoded partition, upon providing a correct password. In other words I'm looking for a hidden bootloader that would expose itself only when a key is pressed during a certain time. Do you happen to know anything like that?

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• Does /boot safe on top of a lvm LV (logical volume)?

  - by fantoman

  Title already asked the question. More specifically, I read in some documents that logical volumes are nice in general but not for /boot in a linux system. They say that bootloaders don't understand LVM volumes, so create a separate partition for /boot out of lvm. I recently installed Ubuntu server (9.10) for my home server, but by default /boot is created in the LVM. Everything is fine now, but I am not sure it is safe to use /boot in LVM. Second question is do I really need a physical partition (volume)(pv) for /boot or is it equally fine if I put it into a logical volume (lv) on top of a single shared volume group. Thanks in advance.

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• How are Linux files and applications organized?

  - by doup

  Hi there, I'm a newbie Linux (Ubuntu) user and I'll like to know if someone can give some advices of where to install stuff, which folders don't touch, which is the meaning of each folder and so on. My first concern is, should everything go into my home folder? I've installed "manually" Komodo Edit (it's an IDE) and it has gone to my home folder, I really don't like the idea of having an application there. (in windows I used to have my workfiles/pictures/downloads... partition and then the OS partition with all the apps). So, is there any place where I could install this software? Any advice for having my home folder ordered? Maybe I should create an apps folder in my home dir? Thanks in advance. :) pd: most of the time I use apt to install stuff, but I don't always found the software I want there...

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• Restore Point area getting deleted

  - by PaoloFCantoni

  Hi, I'm running a multi-boot scenario (which I have been successfully on a number of machines for a number of years). I have Windows 7 (32 bit) on one partition and Windows 7 (64 bit) on another and a common data partition (which happens to store the user hives for each OS instance). For some reason, on one particular machine (a HP Pavilion notebook) the restore points get trashed after a reboot. I can create them (both manually and automatically), but after some (but not all) reboots the restore points get trashed. I have all three partitions set (on both OSs) to hold restore information. This setup has worked successfully on other machines for at least 12 months. I'm out of ideas... I DO need the restore points as I do "bleeding edge" stuff and they've saved my bacon on other machines in the past... TIA, Paolo

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• How to mount encrypted volume at login (Ubuntu 12.04, pam_mount)

  - by Nick Lothian

  I'm trying to get pam_mount working on Ubuntu 12.04. I have /dev/sda1 (encrypted partition) with /dev/dm-1 (ext4 formatted) inside it. Should ~/.pam_mount.conf.xml be trying to mount /dev/sda1 or /dev/dm-1? If I use the line: <volume fstype="ext4" path="/dev/dm-1" mountpoint="~/slowstore" options="rw" /> then it nearly works. It prompts for the password (ok, I'd like pam_mount to do that for me, but still..) then I get: pam_mount(rdconf2.c:126): checking sanity of luserconf volume record (/dev/dm-1) pam_mount(rdconf2.c:132): user-defined volume (/dev/dm-1), volume not owned by user If I do: sudo chown nick:disk /dev/dm-1 Then re-login the encrypted partition mounts correctly (ignoring th fact I have to reneter the password). However, if I log out completely the ownership on /dev/dm-1 gets reset to root:disk. What am I doing wrong?

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• How to prevent dual booted OSes from damaging each other?

  - by user1252434

  For better compatibility and performance in games I'm thinking about installing Windows additionally to Linux. I have security concerns about this, though. Note: "Windows" in the remaining text includes not only the OS but also any software running on it. Regardless of whether it comes included or is additionally installed, whether it is started intentionally or unintentionally (virus, malware). Is there an easy way to achieve the following requirements: Windows MUST NOT be able to kill my linux partition or my data disk neither single files (virus infection) nor overwriting the whole disk Windows MUST NOT be able to read data disk (- extra protection against spyware) Linux may or may not have access to the windows partition both Linux and Windows should have full access to the graphics card this rules out desktop VM solutions for gaming I want the manufacturer's windows graphics card driver Regarding Windows to be unable to destroy my linux install: this is not just the usual paranoia, that has happened to me in the past. So I don't accept "no ext4 driver" as an argument. Once bitten, twice shy. And even if destruction targeted at specific (linux) files is nearly impossible, there should be no way to shred the whole partition. I may accept the risk of malware breaking out of a barrier (e.g. VM) around the whole windows box, though. Currently I have a system disk (SSD) and a data disk (HDD), both SATA. I expect I have to add another disk. If i don't: even better. My CPU is a Intel Core i5, with VT-x and VT-d available, though untested. Ideas I've had so far: deactivate or hide other HDs until reboot at low level possible? can the boot loader (grub) do this for me? tiny VM layer: load windows in a VM that provides access to almost all hardware, except the HDs any ready made software solution for this? Preferably free. as I said: the main problem seems to be to provide full access to the graphics card hardware switch to cut power to disks commercial products expensive and lots of warnings against cheap home built solutions preferably all three hard disks with one switch (one push) mobile racks - won't wear of daily swapping be a problem?

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• Dual boot windows 8 pro and windows 7 on XPS 8500 Special additon

  - by Jesse

  I am trying to install a dual boot with windows 7 premium and windows 8 Pro on an XPS 8500 special edition. I created a new primary partition on my C: drive, inserted the windows 8 install disk, and rebooted my computer from DVD. I select custom install and the dialog box saying where do you want to install windows at? pops up but none of my drives are listed. Please help me determine what is going on? I don't understand why none of my drives are showing up on this menu. Not even the original drive. When I go to load driver and click on the partition I created it tells me "No signed device drivers were found. Make sure the installation media contains the correct drivers, and then click OK."

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• How to recover data from Dell dimension 9150 RAID 0 on another system?

  - by Adam

  I have a Dell Dimension 9150 which has failed. I'm trying to recover the data. It had two SATA 250GB drives in RAID 0 configuration. I'm trying to use a shuttle PC running Windows7 to recover the data from the drives which contained an XP boot volume. I just want the data, it doesn't have to boot. What program would I need to rebuild / interrogate the drives (one of them is failing the onboard hardware test)? What drivers would I need to install? Windows7 sees the drive as one partition but doesn't see volume information. Ubuntu can see the drive as one partition and also can tell what the drive is called, but can't access the data Any help appreciated!! :)

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• Clone drive in Windows

  - by ERJ

  I have two 2 TB external USB hard drives, call them HD1 and HD2. HD1 is USB 2, HD2 is USB 3. Each drive contains exactly one NTFS partition. I want to clone HD1 to HD2, because it's newer and much, much faster. What's the best way to do this? I don't want to do a copy-and-paste, I want to clone the whole partition. The new drive is actually a few bytes larger, so this should be possible? I don't have a second drive that can hold the image, so it would have to clone directly to the other disk (not to a file). How can I accomplish this on Windows 7? I know about Clonezilla but I would prefer not to have to boot from a CD or anything, as I don't have the capability to do that right now. I want to know if there's a way to do this while running Windows.

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• Distributed filesystem for automated offline data mirroring

  - by Petr Pudlák

  I'd like to achieve the following setup: Every time I connect my laptop to a local network, my partition gets automatically mirrored to a partition on my local server. I only want to mirror what has changed from the last time. (I understand that it is not a proper backup solution since there is no history of the changes, it'd be more like a non-persistent network RAID.) Is there a distributed file system that allows such a setup? I've done some searching and it seems to me that most distributed file-systems are focused on data availability and distribution, not duplicating them. I'd be thankful for suggestions. Edit: Sorry, I forgot to mention: I'm using Linux.

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• Boot Loop contiues [closed]

  - by user1894750

  I am facing boot loop. My backend Linux works flawlessly, But the Zygote and System server does not workout. I can still use ADB and LIVE cat .. ps show that both Zygote and system_server process are there, But boot animation remains forever !! I have : 1 Wiped Data + Cache Partition 2 System Partition has been RESTORED.. There is NO PERMISSION problem... I think that there is *problem with Zygote and System_server ..* my device: Karbonn A9+ Dual Core Snap Dragon 1.2 Ghz Ram 386MB OS : ICS 4.04 Any suggestions ??

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• smbclient -L host works. ping host doesn't work. What is missing

  - by DrorCohen

  I upgrade my ubuntu desktop to 13.10. When I say upgrade I mean installed on a new partition from scratch (old partition is available if To the problem: I'm trying to ping a host (Drobo-FS server) by it's netbios name. I get "Unknown Host". However running smbclient -l HostName - give me all the output in the world. Stracing the ping I can it tries to use resolv.conf (expected fail) and then when accessing mdns stuff it fails (no mdns.allow file) and exits. Here's the host line from /etc/nsswitch.conf: hosts: files wins mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 I've added wins right after files (and also tried before dns. Nothing helps. Reboot after every change. What am I missing?

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• no driver found error showing while installing windows 7

  - by Shyam s

  I accidentally deleted all my windows 7 drive partitions while installing Ubuntu in my laptop.On booting into ubuntu it is showing 450gb NTFs file partition.30 GB drive linux file system partition. so when i was reinstalling my Os with windows 7.i am not able to view my drives.it is showing drivers not found.I have searched the google followed the steps mentioned in this link. http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/w7itproinstall/thread/d460efd3-eac4-4ef8-b95f-b8208b24f44f my laptop is i3 machine and i changed sata to ACHI.still it is showing same error. How can reinstall windows 7. thanks in advance.

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• I tried installing Ubuntu 10.04 and I got this message - any ideas on what to do?

  - by vette982

  No root file system defined. Please correct this from the partition menu. This message shows up when I first boot into Ubuntu after the installation. I installed it by mounting the ISO with Daemon Tools, and I just did the default Wubi installation. I keep reading everywhere that I need to choose my installation directory, but I don't get any option to do that. These are all the options I get for installation directory. I have a C and D partition on my drive, and I tried installing it on both and no luck either way. Any ideas?

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• Bootable backup for Windows (7) - Like Super Duper for Mac

  - by Dan F.

  Just got an SSD installed on my notebook and as people suggested I want have my bases covered in case it fails and I expect it to fail. Here is what I have in mind... keep a partition on the main drive (HDD) the same size as the SSD and keep a "clone" there, and in case the SSD fails... I take the SSD out and boot from the clone partition. From my understanding SuperDuper! does just that for MacOS, but I don't seem to find a something similar. I've found a lot of great tools out there that enables you to make bootable images (CloneZilla, DriveImage XML, Acronis® True Image™ to name a few), that is not what I'm looking for.

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• dual-boot does not work

  - by elyashiv

  I have a PC with linux-mint installed on it. I wanted to install win-7 along-side, for some reasones. what I have done is: create a bootable USB-stick with Ubontu ios. restarted the computer, this time with Ubuntu (running from my disk-on-key). created a partition on the main HD using GPart. formated the partition to NTFS. restarted the computer, this time through the installation CD for win-7. installed win-7 with normal settings. that all worked, and I'm writing this through win-7. the thing is - when I boot my system, I don't get to choose what OS to run. I checked the settings in msconfig, and in boot label it has just win-7. how can I boot linux?

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• Installed Windows 7 without formatting disk? Possible?

  - by ile

  I've just installed Win7 but I'm little confused. When booting from XP cd, there is an option to format hard drive. After choosing which partition to format, format process takes usually not less than hour (depends on size of partition), but when I clicked on Format when in Windows 7 installation interface, I received some message (I cant remember what was it, but it was not any error message or something like that) and that was it. After that I choose to install Windows 7 and installation began. "Expanding Windows Files" was the longest process of installation. Was that the part when the hard drive was formatted? I don't understand what happened? Is it possible that my hard drive was not formatted but still installation was successful?

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• Access denied to EFS encrypted files after PC joins domain

  - by mjmarsh

  I'm experiencing strange behavior with Windows Encrypted File System: I have a machine that is in workgroup mode (not joined to a domain) I encrypt an entire directory structure on the machine (basically a folder and subfolders with data files for my application). My application writes and reads files from the encrypted file hierarchy as a local Windows user (let's call the account 'SecureUser'). This works fine I then join the PC to a domain (Let's call it 'TEST') Afterwards, processes running as the local 'SecureUser' account can't read the files it wrote originally when it was off the domain (What is also strange is that the files are listed as "read only" now and I cannot unset this flag via Windows Explorer or the command line, even though it looks like it succeeds) I then 'un-join' the PC from the domain and everything works again Is there something about changing domain membership on a PC that changes the behavior of EFS so that previously encrypted files cannot be read, even by the originating user? Thanks in advance

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• Can't recover hard drive

  - by BreezyChick89

  My drive got corrupt after a thunderstorm. It used to be 1 partition of 2.5tb but now it shows 2 partitions. It's weird because 300gig free space is about how much it had before corrupting, but it was part of the first partition. I tried $ sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdb1 Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sdb1 to 536870911 (4k) blocks. resize2fs: Can't read an block bitmap while trying to resize /dev/sdb1 Please run 'e2fsck -fy /dev/sdb1' to fix the filesystem after the aborted resize operation. sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1 e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) The filesystem size (according to the superblock) is 610471680 blocks The physical size of the device is 536870911 blocks Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt! Abort? n .... Error reading block 537395215 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes Force rewrite<y>? yes Error writing block 537395215 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes ... A lot of these. I can't use e2fsck -y because the first question aborts if I say "y". If I put a weight on the 'y' key it fails because none of the errors were really fixed. I asked this question before and tried using gparted but gparted fails because the first thing it does is: e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 giving the same error. The disk status says healthy. There are no bad blocks. This is very frustrating because I can see the data in testdisk and it looks like it's all there. I already bought another 2.5tb drive and made a clone using dd. The next step if I can't fix this is to wipe that drive and just move the data with testdisk, but it seems certain folders will copy infinitely until the drive is full because of symlinks or errors so it's also a difficult option. sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 2500.5 GB, 2500495958016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 304001 cylinders, total 4883781168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0005da5e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 4294969342 2147483647+ 83 Linux sudo badblocks -b 4096 -n -o badfile /dev/sdb 610471680 536870911 badfile is empty I also tried changing the superblock with "fsck -b" but all of them are the same.

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• How can one create a bootable linux usb key that works on Mac (Intel 64 bit CPU) hardware ?

  - by user3621

  Hi, I'm trying to create a bootable usb key with linux (debian) and that can be booted on Macintel hardware. I have read that MAC's EFI can only boot GPT GUID formatted disks. I'm desperately trying to find a good tutorial which explains how to create such a key. Here what I have done so far: create a GUID partition on te key using linux GNU parted create a HFS+ or ext3 partition on the key, with the boot flag on install a linux .iso with unetbootin While all steps were successfull and in some cases I could even boot on a PC, the step of booting on Macintel software failed (on a macbook). I need to precise that I holded the "alt" key while booting the mac and the only visible bootable disk was the hard disk. Thanks for any advice. PS: I have tried with rEFIt as well. In one case I had a "windows" icon but it then failed to boot with a message like "no system found"

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• Accessing a broken mdadm raid

  - by CarstenCarsten

  Hi! I used a western digital mybookworld (SOHO NAS storage using Linux) as backup for my Linux box. Suddenly, the mybookworld does not boot up any more. So I opened the box, removed the hard disk and put the hard disk into an external USB HDD case, and connected it to my Linux box. [ 530.640301] usb 2-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [ 530.797630] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 [ 531.794844] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access WDC WD75 00AAKS-00RBA0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [ 531.796490] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 [ 531.797966] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] 1465149168 512-byte logical blocks: (750 GB/698 GiB) [ 531.800317] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 531.800327] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 38 00 00 00 [ 531.800333] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.803821] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.803836] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4 [ 531.815831] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.815842] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk The dmesg output looks normal, but I was wondering why the hardisk was not mounted at all. And why there are 4 different partitions on it. fdisk showed the following: root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# fdisk /dev/sdc WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00007c00 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 4 369 2939895 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 370 382 104422+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 383 505 987997+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc4 506 91201 728515620 fd Linux raid autodetect Oh no! Everything seems to be created as a mdadm software raid. Calling mdadm --examine with the different partitions seems to affirm that. I think the only partition I am interested in, is /dev/sdc4 (because it is the largest). But nevertheless I called mdadm --examine with every partition. root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 5626a2d8:070ad992:ef1c8d24:cd8e13e4 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:49 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 2939776 (2.80 GiB 3.01 GB) Array Size : 2939776 (2.80 GiB 3.01 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 1 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 4c90bc55 - correct Events : 16682 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc2: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 9734b3ee:2d5af206:05fe3413:585f7f26 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:54 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Array Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Wed Oct 27 20:19:08 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 55560b40 - correct Events : 9884 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 0 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc3 /dev/sdc3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 08f30b4f:91cca15d:2332bfef:48e67824 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:54 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 987904 (964.91 MiB 1011.61 MB) Array Size : 987904 (964.91 MiB 1011.61 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 3 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 39717874 - correct Events : 73678 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 3 0 active sync 0 0 8 3 0 active sync 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc4 /dev/sdc4: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : febb75ca:e9d1ce18:f14cc006:f759419a Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:55 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 728515520 (694.77 GiB 746.00 GB) Array Size : 728515520 (694.77 GiB 746.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 4 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 2f36a392 - correct Events : 519320 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 4 0 active sync 0 0 8 4 0 active sync 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed If I read the output correctly everything was removed, because it was faulty. Is there ANY way to see the contents of the largest partition? Or seeing somehow which files are broken? I see that everything is raid1 which is only mirroring, so this should be a normal partition. I am anxious to do anything with mdadm, in fear that I destroy the data on the hard disk. I would be very thankful for any help.

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• Write but not delete

  - by hunix

  Hi, We are using glusterfs for our cloud storage needs. Since the partition is open to many servers, we would like to disable file deletion as we don't delete or overwrite any file. Glusterfs does not have ACL, so I need to implement this solution outside of the glusterfs. Perhaps I can mount the disks read and write only (with disabling deletion), but could not find any solution. Setfacl etc. does not work on the partition. How can we disable file deletion -at least- on the client machines? Thanks,

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• Remove dual boot screen

  - by DoubleP90

  some time ago i bought an SSD and since i had to reinstall windows i bought windows 8 with it. I kept windows 7 on my old HDD and i installed Windows 8 on the SSD. For some time i had both, and a dual boot screen would allow me to switch between them. But now i deleted the windows 7 partition and merged it to the partition where i keep all my files, movies etc. But i still have the dual boot screen showing up with windows 8 and windows 7 options. How can i remove the dual boot screen and just make it boot to windows 8?

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• How to stop windows 7 from asking to format a disk?

  - by clinux

  Hey guys, I have this USB flash drive with a Linux partition that I use inside VirtualBox. Each time I insert it into the USB port, windows keeps asking if it should format it. Is there anyway to disable Windows from asking that? Thanks. EDIT: Disabling auto-run has not resolved the problem unfortunately. Windows will still check if the disk contains a partition it knows about, and ask to format if it doesn't know it. Really nice try though, any other ideas?

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• MacPorts: is it possible to move /opt/local on a different disk?

  - by compriots

  Is there a secure procedure to move the macports directory strucutre on a non-root partition or disk?

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