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• How can I change shell in Ubuntu?

  - by Sanoj

  I have a Ubuntu Server VPS and I want to use /bin/bash/ as my shell. How can I change my shell? I have root access but I don't work as root. So dash is my default shell now. I have read How do I make Bash my default shell on Ubuntu? and chsh seams to be the preferred way to go. But when I type chsh /bin/bash I get this message: chsh: unknown user /bin/bash And if I just type /bin/bash the Bash shell seams to work fine. How to change it?

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• Cron job failing to backing up a Postgres database

  - by user705142

  I'm unsure what's going on here: I've got a backup script which runs fine under root. It produces a 300kb database dump in the proper directory. When running it as a cron job with exactly the same command however, an empty gzip file appears with nothing in it. The cron log shows no error, just that the command has been run. This is the script: #! /bin/bash DIR="/opt/backup" YMD=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d") su -c "pg_dump -U postgres mydatabasename | gzip -6 > "$DIR/database_backup.$YMD.gz" " postgres # delete backup files older than 60 days OLD=$(find $DIR -type d -mtime +60) if [ -n "$OLD" ] ; then echo deleting old backup files: $OLD echo $OLD | xargs rm -rfv fi And the cron job: 01 10 * * * root sh /opt/daily_backup_script.sh It produces a database_backup file, just an empty one. Anyone know what's going on here?

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• Encrypt backups with GPG to multiple tapes

  - by Dan

  Currently, I use tar to write my backups (ntbackup files) to a tape drive fed by an autoloader. Ex: tar -F /root/advancetape -cvf /dev/st0 *.bkf (/root/advancetape just has the logic to advance to the next tape if there is one available or notify to swap the tapes out) I was recently handed the requirement to encrypt our tape backups. I can easily encrypt the data with no problems using GPG. The problem I'm having is how do I write this to multiple tapes with the same logic that tar uses to advance the tapes once the current one is filled? I cannot write the encrypted file to disk first (2+TB). As far as I can tell, tar will not accept binary input from stdin (it's looking for file names). Any ideas? :(

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• group write permission ignored in ubuntu

  - by NorthPole

  Its probably my stupidy here but i'm stuck on this and would appreciate the help. I want my user to have full access to the local apache root folder, and i also want the apache to have full access to the same folder. What i did was create a new group called DevGroup and i added my username and www-data there. also i changed the permissions to 770 to allow full group access but now it wont allow me or the apache any kind of access to the folder. here is what i get with ls drwxrwx--- 12 root DevGroup 4096 Sep 27 17:34 testFolder which seems perfect but when i try as a user to access the file i get this var/www$ ls testFolder/ ls: cannot open directory testFolder/: Permission denied also when i try to access the a page in the folder from browser [Thu Sep 27 17:47:16 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] PHP Fatal error: Unknown: Failed opening required '/var/www/testFolder/foo.php' (include_path='.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/pear') in Unknown on line 0

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• Mixed IP and Name Based Virtual Hosts with nginx

  - by nerkn

  I set up many domains but I dont know how to configure if only ip address is given. say foo.com I have a setup to go web/foo.com/htdocs, I want to 88.99.66.55 ip address like a domain to web/fook.com/htdocs server { listen 80; server_name 85.99.66.55; location / { root /home/web/fook.com/htdocs; } location ~ \.(php|php3|php4|php5)$ { root /home/web/fook.com/htdocs; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; } } resulted [warn]: conflicting server name "85.105.65.219" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored

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• scp using a password on the command line

  - by spierepf

  I am trying to write a script that will deploy a build created on my desktop machine (windows/cygwin) to a machine in my test environment (linux). I would like to use scp to copy the build to the target machine. The only account on the target machine is root, and I cannot create a special user for this task. The root user is unable to log in using an ssh key (I suspect that this is configured on the ssh server, but I do not know which configuration options control this). At any rate, I cannot change the configuration of the ssh server. My desktop machine uses Cygwin, and I have ssh installed. What I need is the command-line-fu that will allow me to put the password on the command line. I am aware of the dangers of having a plaintext password in a shell script, but that is not a concern here.

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• Title: Better logging for cronjob output

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I am looking for a better way to log cronjobs. Most cronjobs tend to spam email or the console, get ignored, or create yet another logfile. In this case, I have a Nagios NSCA script which sends data to a central Nagios sever. This send_nsca script also prints a single status line to STDOUT, indicating success or failure. 0 * * * * root /usr/local/nagios/sbin/nsca_check_disk This emails the following message to root@localhost, which is then forwarded to my team of sysadmins. Spam. forwarded nsca_check_disk: 1 data packet(s) sent to host successfully. I'm looking for a log method which: Doesn't spam the messages to email or the console Don't create yet another krufty logfile which requires cleanup months or years later. Capture the log information somewhere, so it can be viewed later if desired. Works on most unixes Fits into an existing log infrastructure. Uses common syslog conventions like 'facility' Some of these are third party scripts, and don't always do logging internally.

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• crontab still sending emails even with > /dev/null

  - by user2344668

  I have a crontab (root) that runs a script and output is set to /dev/null but I always get the emails whenever it runs. I only want to receive error emails. # Rackspace driveclient update (12pm MST) 0 12 * * * /root/scripts/driveclient-update > /dev/null The only way I can get it to turn off is to use /dev/null 2&1 but then I won't get error emails. This is happening on three different CentOS servers, two are 6.3 and one is 6.4. NOTE: I have read over and over that /dev/null is supposed to send stdout there and prevent the email if there is nothing but stdout from the script, so at works for at least some people; I cannot figure out why it is not working on these servers. Here's an example of where /dev/null is supposed to work: http://www.alphadevx.com/a/384-Suppressing-Cron-Job-Email-Notifications

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• Need information on a filesystem error:

  - by abc

  I have console access to an embedded linux device. This device has flash memory part of which is partitioned as a FAT filesystem. Its running linux-2.6.31. However I am seeing these errors on the console these days and the FAT file system becomes read only. 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) I cannot understand why this happened? What is the root cause? And what is the fix? I would appreciate answers that can point me how to investigate the possible root cause of this issue on the device.

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• NGINX - Two different rails apps under same domain

  - by Murkin

  I have two different Rails (passenger) apps that I wan to host on one server: somehost.com/ <-- App #1 somehost.com/admin <--- App #2 Tried playing with the 'location' directive, but failed to have both operate. Can someone suggest the correct approach ? (I would prefer both to share same environment, only launch from different directories) EDIT: Sample (desired) config Trying to do something like: server { listen 80; server_name myhost.com; rails_env production; passenger_enabled on; location / { root /opt/main_site/public/; } location /dev { root /opt/admin_site/public/; } }

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• Why is my nginx alias not working?

  - by Rob

  I'm trying to set up an alias so when someone accesses /phpmyadmin/, nginx will pull it from /home/phpmyadmin/ rather than from the usual document root. However, everytime I pull up the URL, it gives me a 404 on all items not pulled through fastcgi. fastcgi seems to be working fine, whereas the rest is not. strace is telling me it's trying to pull everything else from the usual document root, yet I can't figure out why. Can anyone provide some insight? Here is the relevant part of my config: location ~ ^/phpmyadmin/(.+\.php)$ { include fcgi.conf; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home$fastcgi_script_name; } location /phpmyadmin { alias /home/phpmyadmin/; }

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• Nginx PHP-FPM Basic Auth

  - by Lari13

  I have nginx with php-fpm installed on Debian Squeeze. Directory tree is: /var/www/mysite index.php secret_folder_1 admin.php static.html secret_folder_2 admin.php static.html pictures img01.jpg I need to close secret_folder_1 and secret_folder_2 with basic_auth. Now config looks like: location ~ /secret_folder_1/.+\.php$ { root /var/www/mysite/; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/mysite$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; auth_basic "Restricted Access"; auth_basic_user_file /path/to/.passwd; } location ~ /secret_folder_1/.* { root /var/www/mysite/; auth_basic "Restricted Access"; auth_basic_user_file /path/to/.passwd; } Same config for secret_folder_2. Is it normal? I mean, first location for serving php files in restricted folder, and second location for serving static files. Can it be simplified?

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• How do I find out when and by whom a particular user was deleted in linux?

  - by executor21

  I've recently ran into a very odd occurrence on one system I'm using. For no apparent reason, my user account was deleted, although the home directory is still there. I have root access, so I can restore the account, but first, I want to know how this happened, and exactly when. Inspecting the root's .bash_history file and the "last" command gave nothing, and I'm (well, was) the only sudoer on the system. How would I know when this deletion happened? The distro is CentOS release 5.4 (Final), if that helps.

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• Running commands on FreeBSD Live CD

  - by jmc

  I'm running FreeBSD 9.1-PRERELEASE on a vps running on XEN virtualization, I tried to update it to 9.1-RELEASE but mergemaster toasted my /etc/master.passwd and /etc/passwd so what i have now is a blank copies of the two files. What i did is use a mounted Live CD and mount my root partition to /mnt and manually re listed every entry to /mnt/etc/master.passwd and /mnt/etc/passwd from another freebsd server. I believe that everytime you edit master.passwd and passwd you have to run pwd_mkdb but this gives me "Read Only File" error. What I plan to do is enable PermitRootLogin and PermitEmptyPassword first so I can login as root first before I redo necessary changes again. But i have to run pwd_mkdb, so is there a way to run this command from Live CD?

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• Problems with Apache Mod_Proxy and Microsoft's ReportViewer's Reserved.ReportViewerWebControl.axd

  - by ActionJack

  I've configured an Apache httpd server (v2.2) as a reverse proxy (with SSL) to a Microsoft IIS website running an ASP.NET application with SQL Server Report Services. The proxy mostly works but Report Viewer reports aren't being proxied, all I get is a square window in Chrome and in IE I get the following error: This page contains both secure and nonsecure items. Do you want to display the non secure items? I click yes then I get the following: Unable to locate control: ReportFrame_ctl0_plchldrMainContent_1_ReportViewer1.

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• Puppet - pass variable with a file create command

  - by Tim Brigham

  I need a way to pass a given variable - lets say thearch - to several different files within a given class. I need to be able to state the contents of this variable for each file individually. I have tried the following: file { "xxx": thearch => "i386", path => "/xxx/yyyy", owner => root, group => root, mode => 644, content => template("module/test.erb"), } This doesn't pass this variable so I can use it with a <%=thearch% statement within the erb file as I expect. What am I doing wrong here?

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• How can I identify a mystery tray icon in Windows 7?

  - by Mark

  A new icon has appeared in my tray in Windows 7 recently - a black square with a white A in it: It doesn't have any tooltip or right-click context menu so I haven't been able to identify which process it belongs to. I tried using the "Find Window's Process" tool in Process Explorer but that won't identify individual tray icons. Short of killing processes until it disappears, is there a good way to identify which process this icon belongs to?

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• Updating and deleting java (red hat / centos)

  - by JochemTheSchoolKid

  I am a total noob with linux. So please explain clearly if you have a solution for me. I have an VPS and I want to update JAVA. I found a guide on the Java site which says: rpm -e < package_name I searched for the packages: [root@srv1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep java java_cup-0.10k-5.el6.x86_64 java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64 Than I tried to do the delete command [root@srv1 ~]# rpm -e java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64 error: Failed dependencies: java-gcj-compat is needed by (installed) java_cup-1:0.10k-5.el6.x86_64 java-gcj-compat >= 1.0.70 is needed by (installed) sinjdoc-0.5-9.1.el6.x86_64 What should I do now?

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• Can't access phpMyAdmin because of host, username and password

  - by Engprof

  everyone. When I try to access phpMyAdmin on Uniform Server I get the following error messages: " #1045 - Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) " " phpMyAdmin tried to connect to the MySQL server, and the server rejected the connection. You should check the host, username and password in your configuration and make sure that they correspond to the information given by the administrator of the MySQL server. " The funny thing is my username and password are both set to "root" and I have changed the IP address in the httpd.conf file to my Unique IP adddress, so I still don't know what the problem is. Could somebody please help me out? Any help would be much appreciated.

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• Why does my CentOS logrotate run at random times?

  - by Mike Pennington

  I put a logrotate configuration file in /etc/logrotate.d/ and expected the logs to rotate at a consistent time; however, they do not... log rotation times are seemingly random +/- one hour. Why are the log rotation start times random, and how can I change this? Informational: my logrotate config file looks like this... /opt/backups/network/*.conf { copytruncate rotate 30 daily create 644 root root dateext maxage 30 missingok notifempty compress delaycompress postrotate ## Create symbolic links in daily/ PATH=`/usr/bin/dirname $1`; FILE=`/bin/basename $1`; /bin/ln -s $1 $PATH/daily/$FILE endscript }

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• nginx redirects and rewrites

  - by ptheofan

  I'm closing a website but want to maintain a couple of urls working plus a static html file to serve as index. All old urls should redirect to root (/) except a couple of chosen locations. Here's an example of what I need to do All should give 301 permanent to / http:://www.domain.tld/whatever/anything/realy == 301 ==> http://www.domain.tld http:://www.domain.tld/blabla == 301 ==> http://www.domain.tld http:://www.domain.tld/ == 301 ==> http://www.domain.tld except for http://www.domain.tld/special.html == serve ==> special.html root should serve the defailt file (as specificed in index) http:://www.domain.tld == serve => somefile.html

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• Postgres Remote Access

  - by boot-baby-boot

  I am trying to connect to postgres remotely.I have followed this tutorial http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-fedora-linux-install-postgresql-server/ and have executed the following commands to see if the remote access is possible. [root@printmyworld ~]# egrep -i "(listen_addresses|port|tcpip_socket).*=.+" /var /lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf #listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on; #port = 5432 [root@printmyworld ~]# lsof +c0 -anPiTCP -upostgres COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME postmaster 9323 postgres 3u IPv4 2875987353 TCP 127.0.0.1:5432 (LISTEN ) postmaster 9323 postgres 4u IPv6 2875987354 TCP [::1]:5432 (LISTEN) I am suspicious of this line: postmaster 9323 postgres 3u IPv4 2875987353 TCP 127.0.0.1:5432 (LISTEN My server ip address is 1yy.000.1xx.000 .Should it be 1yy.000.1xx.000:5432

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• How to stop LDAP authentication in ubuntu?

  - by Kery

  My OS is Ubuntu 12.04 and use LDAP authentication. Now I meet a problem that another people want to access my system. But he is in another domain so he can't login. And I have no right to change this configuration in LDAP server. So I have to choose a workaround to solve this problem, for example close the LDAP authentication and use local authentication (I have root right in my system) or create another account which is not registered in LDAP server (I did this but can't change the created account password. The error is 'password reset by root is not supported'). Of course any other suggestion is appreciated! Than you in advance!

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• ubuntu 9.10 on an external usb drive: grub1 does not work

  - by Toc

  I have installed Ubuntu on a partition of my external usb drive. Since I had problems with grub2, I have uninstalled it and installed grub1. But then the usb drive didn't boot anymore, and I am forced to the limited shell of grub1. If I write manually kernel (hd0,4)/vmlinuz-2.6.31-15-generic root=/dev/sdb4 ro quiet splash initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-15-generic boot then Ubuntu is loaded, but if I execute the commands root (hd0,4) setup (hd0) as explained at http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/html_node/Installing-GRUB-natively.html#Installing-GRUB-natively, next time I boot from usb I am forced again to the grub limited shell. How can I restore a working grub?

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• Apache not serving pages stored in Subversion repository

  - by Stephen

  I've setup Apache and Subversion on an old PC, but Apache is not serving pages correctly, when I enter the address to my test site: http://HOME_IP_ADDRESS/test/index.html I just get a File Not Found error and the following output in the error log: File does not exist: /var/www/html/svn/repos/test but I know the file exists, when I enter the following URL into the browser: http://HOME_IP_ADDRESS/repos/test/index.html I just get a listing of the HTML. In my Apache config file I have the Document Root set as follows: DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/svn/repos" so I'm not sure what is going on, I have SVN installed and I think it may have something to do this. Edit * I changed the Document Root location, which helped as pages in the new location were served correctly, so the problem is with just serving the pages from the repository.

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