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• Reload Method or Object in IDLE

  - by GSto

  when using idle, I know you can reload a module if it's changed like this: import foo reload(foo) if I only import part of a module, is there a way to reload it in a similar matter? from foo import bar

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• how to use addall() method of collections?

  - by bhavna raghuvanshi

  i need to use it to merge two ordered list of objects.

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• Javascript jQuery .click() callback references local variable from the calling method instead of cop

  - by Eric Freese

  The following jQuery Javascript code is included on an otherwise empty page. $(function() { for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) { element = $('<div>' + i + '</div>'); element.click(function() { alert(i); }); $('body').append(element); } }); The desired behavior is that this code should generate 10 div elements numbered from 0 to 9. When you click on a div element, an alert popup will show the number of the div element you clicked on (i.e. if a user clicks on the div element labeled '4', the alert popup should show the number 4). The alert popup instead shows the number 10 regardless of which div element is clicked on. How can I modify this code to make it behave in the desired way?

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• alternative for .click() method in firefox

  - by script programmer

  I have a href from that i am giving out a popup , and i want to activate this on my body overload . I am using "document.getElementbyId("myelement").click()" this is working fine in IE but FireFox is not supporting it. And i know that .click() will not be taken by firefox , but i dont have any other way to do it. Can u please suggest me with a workaround that will be accepted by IE as well as FF. Thanks in advance.

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• Issue in alternate Row color using each() method of JQuery

  - by user1323981

  I have a table as under <table > <tr> <th scope="col">EmpId</th><th scope="col">EmpName</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td><td>ABC</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td><td>DEF</td> </tr> </table> I want to set the alternate row color of only the "td" elements of the table and not "th" by using only each() function. I have tried with <style type="text/css"> tr.even { background-color: green; } tr.odd { background-color: yellow; } </style> $(document).ready(function () { $('table > tbody').each(function () { $('tr:odd', this).addClass('odd').removeClass('even'); $('tr:even', this).addClass('even').removeClass('odd'); }); }); Though this works but it accepts also "th" element. How to avoid that? Please help Thanks

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• error on oncreate() method

  - by user1644081

  I am begginer in Android App and using Java as when I add this code : GCMRegistrar.checkDevice(this); GCMRegistrar.checkManifest(this); final String regId = GCMRegistrar.getRegistrationId(this); if (regId.equals("")) { GCMRegistrar.register(this, SENDER_ID); } else { Log.v(TAG, "Already registered"); } I had error on : SENDER_ID Log TAG the error "cannot be resolved to available "

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• jQuery size() method vs length attribute

  - by Ghommey

  Is there any difference between $(".selector").size() and $(".selector").length ?

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• Controlling access to method's in C#

  - by user460103

  Is there a way to control access to methods to certain roles in .net. Like class A { //should only be called by Admins** public void Method1() { } //should only be called by Admins and PM's** public void Method2() { } } I'm using windows authentication only for retrieving user names and nothing more.User roles are maintained in a different application. I think it's possible through attributes but I'm not really sure how

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• The method replaceVariables(String) is undefined for the type

  - by kate

  I get this message for as many times as I have used replaceVariables in my code. I have added the referenced libraries, but I don't know what else to do. Can someone please help me?

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• Returning a struct from a class method

  - by tree

  I have a header file that looks something like the following: class Model { private: struct coord { int x; int y; } xy; public: .... coord get() const { return xy; } }; And in yet another file (assume ModelObject exists): struct c { int x; int y; void operator = (c &rhs) { x = rhs.x; y = rhs.y; }; } xy; xy = ModelObject->get(); The compiler throws an error that says there is no known covnersion from coord to c. I believe it is because it doesn't know about coord type because it is declared inside of a class header. I can get around that by declaring the struct outside of the class, but I was wondering if it is possible to do the way I am, or is this generally considered bad practice

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• Gradle + Robolectric: Where do I put the file org.robolectric.Config.properties?

  - by Rob Hawkins

  I'm trying to setup a test using Robolectric to click on a menu button in this repository. Basic Robolectric tests will run, but I'm not able to run any project-specific test using resources because it says it can't find my AndroidManifest.xml. After running ../gradlew clean check, here's the standard output from the Robolectric html file: WARNING: No manifest file found at ./AndroidManifest.xml.Falling back to the Android OS resources only. To remove this warning, annotate your test class with @Config(manifest=Config.NONE). I found these instructions which indicate I should create an org.robolectric.Config.properties file, but I'm not sure where to put it. I've tried everywhere, pretty much, and despite moving the file, the path in the error message is always the same as above (./AndroidManifest.xml). This makes me think the build process has never picked up the settings in the file org.robolectric.Config.properties. I also tried the @Config(manifest="") directive but this gave me a cannot find symbol error. If I move the AndroidManifest.xml into my project directory, then I get an error about it not being able to find the path ./res/values and I wasn't able to resolve that either. Any ideas? Update 1 Thanks Eugen, I'm now using @RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class) instead of @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner). Now I get a different error, still occurring on the same line of my BasicTest.java KeywordList keywordList = Robolectric.buildActivity(KeywordList.class).create().get(); Below are results from the standard error, standard output, and "failed tests" tab in the Robolectric test report: Note: I also tried substituting in a jar built from the latest Robolectric updates, robolectric-2.2-SNAPSHOT.jar, but still got an error. Standard Error WARNING: no system properties value for ro.build.date.utc Standard Output DEBUG: Loading resources for net.frontlinesms.android from ~/workspace-studio/frontlinesms-for-android/FrontlineSMS/build/res/all/debug... DEBUG: Loading resources for android from jar:~/.m2/repository/org/robolectric/android-res/4.1.2_r1_rc/android-res-4.1.2_r1_rc-real.jar!/res... INFO: no id mapping found for android:drawable/scrollbar_handle_horizontal; assigning ID #0x1140002 INFO: no id mapping found for android:drawable/scrollbar_handle_vertical; assigning ID #0x1140003 INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/highlighted_text_dark; assigning ID #0x1140004 INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/hint_foreground_dark; assigning ID #0x1140005 INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/link_text_dark; assigning ID #0x1140006 INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/dim_foreground_dark_disabled; assigning ID #0x1140007 INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/dim_foreground_dark; assigning ID #0x1140008 INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/dim_foreground_dark_inverse_disabled; assigning ID #0x1140009 INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/dim_foreground_dark_inverse; assigning ID #0x114000a INFO: no id mapping found for android:color/bright_foreground_dark_inverse; assigning ID #0x114000b INFO: no id mapping found for android:layout/text_edit_paste_window; assigning ID #0x114000c INFO: no id mapping found for android:layout/text_edit_no_paste_window; assigning ID #0x114000d INFO: no id mapping found for android:layout/text_edit_side_paste_window; assigning ID #0x114000e INFO: no id mapping found for android:layout/text_edit_side_no_paste_window; assigning ID #0x114000f INFO: no id mapping found for android:layout/text_edit_suggestion_item; assigning ID #0x1140010 Failed Tests android.view.InflateException: XML file ~/workspace-studio/frontlinesms-for-android/FrontlineSMS/build/res/all/debug/layout/rule_list.xml line #-1 (sorry, not yet implemented): Error inflating class net.frontlinesms.android.ui.view.ActionBar at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:613) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:687) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:352) at org.robolectric.tester.android.view.RoboWindow.setContentView(RoboWindow.java:82) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowActivity.setContentView(ShadowActivity.java:272) at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java) at net.frontlinesms.android.activity.KeywordList.onCreate(KeywordList.java:70) at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5008) at org.fest.reflect.method.Invoker.invoke(Invoker.java:112) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController$1.run(ActivityController.java:119) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper.runPaused(ShadowLooper.java:256) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:114) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:126) at net.frontlinesms.android.BasicTest.setUp(BasicTest.java:30) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:241) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:177) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:80) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:47) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:69) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:49) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93) at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:103) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24) at org.gradle.messaging.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:355) at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.DefaultExecutorFactory$StoppableExecutorImpl$1.run(DefaultExecutorFactory.java:66) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:680) Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_createView(LayoutInflater.java:587) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:687) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:352) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at org.robolectric.tester.android.view.RoboWindow.setContentView(RoboWindow.java:82) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowActivity.setContentView(ShadowActivity.java:272) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.robolectric.bytecode.ShadowWrangler$ShadowMethodPlan.run(ShadowWrangler.java:455) at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java) at net.frontlinesms.android.activity.KeywordList.onCreate(KeywordList.java:70) at android.app.Activity.$$robo$$Activity_c57b_performCreate(Activity.java:5008) at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.fest.reflect.method.Invoker.invoke(Invoker.java:112) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController$1.run(ActivityController.java:119) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper.runPaused(ShadowLooper.java:256) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:114) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:126) at net.frontlinesms.android.BasicTest.setUp(BasicTest.java:30) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:241) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:177) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:80) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:47) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:69) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:49) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93) at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:103) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) ... 7 more Caused by: android.view.InflateException: XML file ~/workspace-studio/frontlinesms-for-android/FrontlineSMS/build/res/all/debug/layout/actionbar.xml line #-1 (sorry, not yet implemented): Error inflating class android.widget.ProgressBar at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:613) at org.robolectric.shadows.RoboLayoutInflater.onCreateView(RoboLayoutInflater.java:38) at android.view.LayoutInflater.onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java:660) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:685) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:749) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at net.frontlinesms.android.ui.view.ActionBar.<init>(ActionBar.java:65) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:587) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:687) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:352) at org.robolectric.tester.android.view.RoboWindow.setContentView(RoboWindow.java:82) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowActivity.setContentView(ShadowActivity.java:272) at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java) at net.frontlinesms.android.activity.KeywordList.onCreate(KeywordList.java:70) at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5008) at org.fest.reflect.method.Invoker.invoke(Invoker.java:112) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController$1.run(ActivityController.java:119) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper.runPaused(ShadowLooper.java:256) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:114) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:126) at net.frontlinesms.android.BasicTest.setUp(BasicTest.java:30) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:241) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:177) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:80) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:47) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:69) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:49) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93) at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:103) ... 7 more Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_createView(LayoutInflater.java:587) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java) at org.robolectric.shadows.RoboLayoutInflater.onCreateView(RoboLayoutInflater.java:38) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java:660) at android.view.LayoutInflater.onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:685) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:749) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at net.frontlinesms.android.ui.view.ActionBar.<init>(ActionBar.java:65) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_createView(LayoutInflater.java:587) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:687) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at android.view.LayoutInflater.$$robo$$LayoutInflater_1d1f_inflate(LayoutInflater.java:352) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java) at org.robolectric.tester.android.view.RoboWindow.setContentView(RoboWindow.java:82) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowActivity.setContentView(ShadowActivity.java:272) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.robolectric.bytecode.ShadowWrangler$ShadowMethodPlan.run(ShadowWrangler.java:455) at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java) at net.frontlinesms.android.activity.KeywordList.onCreate(KeywordList.java:70) at android.app.Activity.$$robo$$Activity_c57b_performCreate(Activity.java:5008) at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.fest.reflect.method.Invoker.invoke(Invoker.java:112) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController$1.run(ActivityController.java:119) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper.runPaused(ShadowLooper.java:256) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:114) at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:126) at net.frontlinesms.android.BasicTest.setUp(BasicTest.java:30) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:241) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:177) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:80) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:47) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:69) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:49) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32) at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93) at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:103) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) ... 7 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: org.robolectric.res.AttrData cannot be cast to org.robolectric.res.StyleData at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowAssetManager$StyleResolver.getParent(ShadowAssetManager.java:353) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowAssetManager$StyleResolver.getAttrValue(ShadowAssetManager.java:336) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowResources.findAttributeValue(ShadowResources.java:259) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowResources.attrsToTypedArray(ShadowResources.java:188) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowResources.access$000(ShadowResources.java:51) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowResources$ShadowTheme.obtainStyledAttributes(ShadowResources.java:460) at android.content.res.Resources$Theme.obtainStyledAttributes(Resources.java) at android.content.Context.obtainStyledAttributes(Context.java:374) at android.view.View.__constructor__(View.java:3297) at org.fest.reflect.method.Invoker.invoke(Invoker.java:112) at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowView.__constructor__(ShadowView.java:68) at android.view.View.<init>(View.java:3295) at android.widget.ProgressBar.<init>(ProgressBar.java:253) at android.widget.ProgressBar.<init>(ProgressBar.java:246) at android.widget.ProgressBar.<init>(ProgressBar.java:242) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:587) at org.robolectric.shadows.RoboLayoutInflater.onCreateView(RoboLayoutInflater.java:38) at android.view.LayoutInflater.onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java:660) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:685) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:749) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at net.frontlinesms.android.ui.view.ActionBar.<init>(ActionBar.java:65) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:587) at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:687) at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:746) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396) at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:352) at org.robolectric.tester.android.view.RoboWindow.setContentView(RoboWindow.java:82) [truncated, hit stack overflow character limit...]

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• Right div pushing center div further down

  - by Chase

  I cannot get this last div to go up properly in my layout and have tried countless things. I'm not sure what's going on with my css? Here is a screenshot: http://img291.imageshack.us/img291/5377/screenshot20100528at123.png #events { float: left; width: 420px; margin:0 0 5px 0; font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-image: url(images/lastfmhead.jpg); background-repeat: no-repeat; height:360px; overflow:hidden; display: inline; } #events table { width:419px; } #events th, td { padding: 3px 3px; } #whatsup ul, #citywhatsup ul { margin:0 5px 0 5px; text-align:left; font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } #whatsup ul li, #citywhatsup ul li{ list-style-type:none; list-style: none; } #whatsup hr, #citywhatsup hr{ border: none 0; border-top: 1px dashed #990000;/*the border*/ width: 100%; height: 1px; margin: 1px auto 5px auto;/*whatever the total width of the border-top and border-bottom equal*/ } #events ul { margin:5px 5px 0 5px; } #events ul li{ list-style-type:none; list-style: none; } #attending ul { display: inline-block; margin: 0; width:200px; } #attending ul li { display: inline-block; list-style-image:none; margin:0; padding:2px 5px 2px 5px; } #attending { width: 230px; margin:0 13px 5px 12px; float: left; display: inline; background-image: url(images/otherhead.jpg); background-repeat: no-repeat; text-align:center; height:360px; overflow:hidden; } #whatsup { width: 230px; margin:0 0 5px 0; float: left; display:inline; background-image: url(images/otherhead.jpg); background-repeat: no-repeat; text-align:center; } #eventtitle{ margin: 3px 0 -3px 0; } #eventtitle { color: #900; margin-left: 5px; font-size:16px; } #tweetit { color: #487B96 !important; font-size:16px; margin: 3px 0 -4px 0; } #photos { background-image: url(images/flickrheader.jpg); background-repeat: no-repeat; width: 665px; clear:both; } <div id="cityevents"> <h2> Events </h2> <table> <th>Date </th><th> Who's Playing </th><th> Venue </th><th> City </th><th> Tickets </th> <tr><td>May 28</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5384486?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Jill King</a></td><td>Open Eye Cafe</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 28</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5281141?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Ahleuchatistas</a></td><td>Nightlight</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 28</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4970896?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Sam Quinn</a></td><td>Local 506</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 29</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5303661?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Cagematch Mayhem, Champion Vs Au Jus, Heartbreaker Vs Au Jus</a></td><td>DSI Comedy Theater</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5303661/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>May 29</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4722066?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Lewd Acts, Converge, Gaza, Black Breath</a></td><td>Cat's Cradle</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4722066/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>May 29</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4647076?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Nate Currin</a></td><td>Broad Street Cafe</td><td>Durham</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 29</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5580211?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>International Night</a></td><td>Serena Rtp</td><td>Durham</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5580211/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>May 29</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4770241?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Jill King</a></td><td>Caffe Driade</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 29</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5406411?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Sunbears!</a></td><td>Local 506</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 29</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4924136?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Studio Gangsters</a></td><td>The Reservoir</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 30</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5252161?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>She Wants Revenge</a></td><td>Cat's Cradle</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>May 30</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4436326?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Unheard Radio Battle of the Bands</a></td><td>Mansion 462</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4436326/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>May 30</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4924141?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Studio Gangsters</a></td><td>The Cave</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 2</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5252881?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Jeanne Jolly</a></td><td>Caffe Driade</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 2</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4628026?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>James Husband, Of Montreal</a></td><td>Cat's Cradle</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4628026/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 2</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5019466?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Camera Obscura</a></td><td>Duke Gardens</td><td>Durham</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5019466/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 3</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4226511?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Reverend Horton Heat, Cracker, Legendary Shack Shakers</a></td><td>Cat's Cradle</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4226511/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 3</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5253371?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>American Aquarium</a></td><td>Local 506</td><td>Chapel Hill</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 4</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4285251?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Laurence Juber</a></td><td>The ArtsCenter</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 4</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5642566?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Community Jam, Pt Scarborough Is a Movie, Armageddon'it</a></td><td>DSI Comedy Theater</td><td>Carrboro</td><td style='text-align:center;'><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/5642566/tickets?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'> Find </a></td></tr><tr><td>Jun 4</td><td><a href='http://www.songkick.com/concerts/4676216?utm_source=1121&utm_medium=partner' target='_blank'>Big Bill Morganfield</a></td><td>Papa Mojos Roadhouse</td><td>Durham</td><td style='text-align:center;'><span style='color: #999'> Find </span></td></tr> </table> </div> <!-- Events --> <div id="citywhatsup"> <h2> What's Up? <div id="tweetit"><a class="btn-slide">Tell em'</a> </div></h2> <div id="twitpanel"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> twttr.anywhere(function (T) { T("#twitpanel").tweetBox({ height: 100, width: 215, label: '', defaultContent: "" }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> twttr.anywhere(function (T) { T("#whatsup").linkifyUsers(); }); </script> <ul> <li><img src='http://a1.twimg.com/profile_images/898693876/4604414396_0464180430_b_normal.jpg' alt='kaiten_keiku' height=40px; width=40px; style='border:0px; float: left; padding-right:4px;'/> @kaiten_keiku: <span style='text-align:justify;'>@Charlotte_Nao ????????~?????????!</span> - <span class='twittertime'>May 28 12:37AM</span></li><hr/><li><img src='http://a3.twimg.com/profile_images/612153581/bowdown_normal.jpg' alt='bugn' height=40px; width=40px; style='border:0px; float: left; padding-right:4px;'/> @bugn: <span style='text-align:justify;'>@Bravotv (sitc2 as rhony) Bethenny-Carrie, Sonja-Samantha, Alex-Miranda, Ramona-Charlotte</span> - <span class='twittertime'>May 28 12:36AM</span></li><hr/><li><img src='http://a1.twimg.com/profile_images/844630278/mj_normal.jpg' alt='Myra_Jones' height=40px; width=40px; style='border:0px; float: left; padding-right:4px;'/> @Myra_Jones: <span style='text-align:justify;'>@t_weet123 If you're still in Charlotte then you need to head to Whiskey River...they say Luke B. just walked in and started drinking.</span> - <span class='twittertime'>May 28 12:36AM</span></li><hr/><li><img src='http://a1.twimg.com/profile_images/936667468/110971230_normal.jpg' alt='THEORACLE2' height=40px; width=40px; style='border:0px; float: left; padding-right:4px;'/> @THEORACLE2: <span style='text-align:justify;'>@MsKamilah08 are yall in charlotte?</span> - <span class='twittertime'>May 28 12:36AM</span></li><hr/><li><img src='http://a1.twimg.com/profile_images/767244842/7AM_normal.jpg' alt='mtollefsrud' height=40px; width=40px; style='border:0px; float: left; padding-right:4px;'/> @mtollefsrud: <span style='text-align:justify;'>@vosler09 thinks I'm Charlotte.</span> - <span class='twittertime'>May 28 12:36AM</span></li><hr/><li><img src='http://a3.twimg.com/profile_images/936496517/DSCF0317_-_Copy_normal.JPG' alt='Thasian' height=40px; width=40px; style='border:0px; float: left; padding-right:4px;'/> @Thasian: <span style='text-align:justify;'>I like #CharMeck #Charlotte | Atlanta = #No #FAIL #EPICFAIL</span> - <span class='twittertime'>May 28 12:36AM</span></li><hr/><li><img src='http://a3.twimg.com/profile_images/695551715/NASCAR_logo_flag_normal.jpg' alt='NascarNewsNow' height=40px; width=40px; style='border:0px; float: left; padding-right:4px;'/> @NascarNewsNow: <span style='text-align:justify;'>#NASCAR #RACING News from the track: Charlotte Motor Speedway | Nascar Leath: Ahh, the waiting is... http://bit.ly/b2DToq #NHRA #DAYTONA500</span> - <span class='twittertime'>May 28 12:35AM</span></li> </ul> </div> <div id="photos"> <h2> Recent Photos </h2> <ul> <li><a href='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4029/4646832962_980f936db9.jpg' target='_blank' rel='lightbox-photos' title='05 23 10 Jamie's Baby Shower 097'><img src='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4029/4646832962_980f936db9_t.jpg' alt='05 23 10 Jamie's Baby Shower 097' height=100px; width=100px; style='border:0px;'/></a></li><li><a href='http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3176/4646218481_d06829a778.jpg' target='_blank' rel='lightbox-photos' title='summer'><img src='http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3176/4646218481_d06829a778_t.jpg' alt='summer' height=100px; width=100px; style='border:0px;'/></a></li><li><a href='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4032/4646833312_7b1de5390a.jpg' target='_blank' rel='lightbox-photos' title='100_0064'><img src='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4032/4646833312_7b1de5390a_t.jpg' alt='100_0064' height=100px; width=100px; style='border:0px;'/></a></li><li><a href='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4008/4646832834_784a0a9ed1.jpg' target='_blank' rel='lightbox-photos' title=''><img src='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4008/4646832834_784a0a9ed1_t.jpg' alt='' height=100px; width=100px; style='border:0px;'/></a></li><li><a href='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4066/4646218735_b37d8fd9e5.jpg' target='_blank' rel='lightbox-photos' title='DSC05524'><img src='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4066/4646218735_b37d8fd9e5_t.jpg' alt='DSC05524' height=100px; width=100px; style='border:0px;'/></a></li><li><a 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src='http://i.ytimg.com/vi/paseBeB6Cb8/default.jpg'height=100px; width=100px; style='border:0px;'/></a></li><li><a href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_FSRUtMMik&feature=youtube_gdata' target='_blank'><img src='http://i.ytimg.com/vi/l_FSRUtMMik/default.jpg'height=100px; width=100px; style='border:0px;'/></a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- #content -->

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• What are the alternatives to "overriding a method" when using composition instead of inheritance?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  If we should favor composition over inheritance, the data part of it is clear, at least for me. What I don't have a clear solution to is how overwriting methods, or simply implementing them if they are defined in a pure virtual form, should be implemented. An obvious way is to wrap the instance representing the base-class into the instance representing the sub-class. But the major downsides of this are that if you have say 10 methods, and you want to override a single one, you still have to delegate every other methods anyway. And if there were several layers of inheritance, you have now several layers of wrapping, which becomes less and less efficient. Also, this only solve the problem of the object "client"; when another object calls the top wrapper, things happen like in inheritance. But when a method of the deepest instance, the base class, calls it's own methods that have been wrapped and modified, the wrapping has no effect: the call is performed by it's own method, instead of by the highest wrapper. One extreme alternative that would solve those problems would be to have one instance per method. You only wrap methods that you want to overwrite, so there is no pointless delegation. But now you end up with an incredible amount of classes and object instance, which will have a negative effect on memory usage, and this will require a lot more coding too. So, are there alternatives (preferably alternatives that can be used in Java), that: Do not result in many levels of pointless delegation without any changes. Make sure that not only the client of an object, but also all the code of the object itself, is aware of which implementation of method should be called. Does not result in an explosion of classes and instances. Ideally puts the extra memory overhead that is required at the "class"/"particular composition" level (static if you will), rather than having every object pay the memory overhead of composition. My feeling tells me that the instance representing the base class should be at the "top" of the stack/layers so it receives calls directly, and can process them directly too if they are not overwritten. But I don't know how to do it that way.

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• How do I change variables from different classes?

  - by Dan T

  Before I delve into it, I'm very new to Android and I have just started learning Java last month. I've hit bumps while trying to develop my first simple app. Most of these hurdles were jumped thanks to random tutorials online. MY CODE IS VERY MESSY. Any tips are appreciated. The question above is quite broad, but this is what I want to do: It's a essentially a blood alcohol content calculator / drink keeper-tracker. Basic layout: http://i.imgur.com/JGuh7.jpg The buttons along the bottom are just regular buttons, not ImageButtons (had problems with that) Here's some example code of one: <Button android:id="@+id/Button01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_marginRight="5dp" android:background="@drawable/addbeer"/> The buttons and TextView are all in main.xml. I have variables defined in a class called Global.java: package com.dantoth.drinkingbuddy; import android.app.Activity; public class Global extends Activity{ public static double StandardDrinks = 0; public static double BeerOunces = 12; public static double BeerPercentAlcohol = .05; public static double BeerDrink = BeerOunces * BeerPercentAlcohol; public static double BeerDrinkFinal = BeerDrink * 1.6666666; public static double ShotOunces = 1.5; public static double ShotPercentAlcohol = .4; public static double ShotDrink = ShotOunces * ShotPercentAlcohol; public static double ShotDrinkFinal = ShotDrink * 1.6666666; public static double WineOunces = 5; public static double WinePercentAlcohol = .12; public static double WineDrink = WineOunces * WinePercentAlcohol; public static double WineDrinkFinal = WineDrink * 1.6666666; public static double OtherOunces; public static double OtherPercentAlcohol; public static double OtherDrink = OtherOunces * (OtherPercentAlcohol * .01); public static double OtherDrinkFinal = OtherDrink * 1.6666666; public static double GenderConstant = 7.5; //9 for female public static double Weight = 180; public static double TimeDrinking = 60; public static double Hours = TimeDrinking / 60; public static double Bac = ((StandardDrinks / 2) * (GenderConstant / Weight)) - (0.017 * Hours); } The last variable is the important part. It calculates your BAC based on the factors involved. When I press the add beer button (Button01) I make it add 1 to StandardDrinks, simulating drinking one beer. The other variables in the Bac formula have values assigned to them in Global.java. The code that makes the beer button do stuff is in my regular class, drinkingbuddy.java: public class DrinkingBuddy extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button01); button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Global.StandardDrinks = Global.StandardDrinks + Global.BeerDrinkFinal; Toast.makeText(DrinkingBuddy.this, "Mmmm... Beer", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); By my perception, StandardDrinks should now have a value of 1. However, when I click the Calculate BAC button (Button05) it merely outputs the variable Bac as if StandardDrinks was still set to 0. Here is the code for the Calculate BAC button (Button05): Button button4 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button05); button4.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { TextView texty; texty = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.texty1); texty.setText("Your BAC is " + Global.Bac ); } }); It outputs the following to the text view: "Your BAC is -0.017". This is the Bac value for if StandardDrinks was still 0, so obviously there is some problem communicating between the classes. Can anyone help me?? The other elements of the formula (weight, time spent drinking, and the alcohol %'s and such) are variables because I will ultimately allow the user to change those values in the settings. I've heard around the water cooler that global variables are not good programming style, but this is the closest I've come to getting it to work. Any other ways of doing it are very much welcomed!

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• How do I fix a "E: The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/http could not be found." error?

  - by Abe

  I tried updating my packages from the terminal and this is what I got: $ sudo apt-get update E: The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/http could not be found. E: The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/http could not be found. E: The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/http could not be found. E: The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/http could not be found. E: The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/http could not be found. What does this mean? I'm using the United States mirror an I've tried using the main server for the mirror and I keep getting the same result is this because there are no updates?

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• Is there anything bad in declaring static inner class inside interface in java?

  - by Roman

  I have an interface ProductService with method findByCriteria. This method had a long list of nullable parameters, like productName, maxCost, minCost, producer and so on. I refactored this method by introducing Parameter Object. I created class SearchCriteria and now method signature looks like this: findByCriteria (SearchCriteria criteria) I thought that instances of SearchCriteria are only created by method callers and are only used inside findByCriteria method, i.e.: void processRequest() { SearchCriteria criteria = new SearchCriteria () .withMaxCost (maxCost) ....... .withProducer (producer); List<Product> products = productService.findByCriteria (criteria); .... } and List<Product> findByCriteria(SearchCriteria criteria) { return doSmthAndReturnResult(criteria.getMaxCost(), criteria.getProducer()); } So I did not want to create separate public class for SearchCriteria and put it inside ProductServiceInterface: public interface ProductService { List<Product> findByCriteria (SearchCriteria criteria); static class SearchCriteria { ... } } Is there anything bad in this interface? Where whould you place SearchCriteria class?

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• How to refactor a method which breaks "The law of Demeter" principle?

  - by dreza

  I often find myself breaking this principle (not intentially, just through bad design). However recently I've seen a bit of code that I'm not sure of the best approach. I have a number of classes. For simplicity I've taken out the bulk of the classes methods etc public class Paddock { public SoilType Soil { get; private set; } // a whole bunch of other properties around paddock information } public class SoilType { public SoilDrainageType Drainage { get; private set; } // a whole bunch of other properties around soil types } public class SoilDrainageType { // a whole bunch of public properties that expose soil drainage values public double GetProportionOfDrainage(SoilType soil, double blockRatio) { // This method does a number of calculations using public properties // exposed off SoilType as well as the blockRatio value in some conditions } } In the code I have seen in a number of places calls like so paddock.Soil.Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(paddock.Soil, paddock.GetBlockRatio()); or within the block object itself in places it's Soil.Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(this.Soil, this.GetBlockRatio()); Upon reading this seems to break "The Law of Demeter" in that I'm chaining together these properties to access the method I want. So my thought in order to adjust this was to create public methods on SoilType and Paddock that contains wrappers i.e. on paddock it would be public class Paddock { public double GetProportionOfDrainage() { return Soil.GetProportionOfDrainage(this.GetBlockRatio()); } } on the SoilType it would be public class SoilType { public double GetProportionOfDrainage(double blockRatio) { return Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(this, blockRatio); } } so now calls where it used would be simply // used outside of paddock class where we can access instances of Paddock paddock.GetProportionofDrainage() or this.GetProportionOfDrainage(); // if used within Paddock class This seemed like a nice alternative. However now I have a concern over how would I enforce this usage and stop anyone else from writing code such as paddock.Soil.Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(paddock.Soil, paddock.GetBlockRatio()); rather than just paddock.GetProportionOfDrainage(); I need the properties to remain public at this stage as they are too ingrained in usage throughout the code block. However I don't really want a mixture of accessing the method on DrainageType directly as that seems to defeat the purpose altogether. What would be the appropiate design approach in this situation? I can provide more information as required to better help in answers. Is my thoughts on refactoring this even appropiate or should is it best to leave it as is and use the property chaining to access the method as and when required?

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• Is it okay to define a [] method in ruby's NilClass?

  - by Silasj

  Ruby by default does not include the method [] for NilClass For example, to check if foo["bar"] exists when foo may be nil, I have to do: foo = something_that_may_or_may_not_return_nil if foo && foo["bar"] # do something with foo["bar"] here end If I define this method: class NilClass def [](arg) nil end end Something like that would make this possible, even if foo is nil: if foo["bar"] # do something with foo["bar"] end Or even: if foo["bar"]["baz"] # do something with foo["bar"]["baz"] here end Question: Is this a good idea or is there some reason ruby doesn't include this functionality by default?

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• "Unsupported compression method 98" error when unzipping a file. What tools support it, other than W

  - by Chris W. Rea

  I'm getting an error message: "unsupported compression method 98" when unzipping a file somebody sent to me. I've tried both an older version of WinZip, and 7-Zip 4.65. I've already asked the person to avoid using a non-standard compression method and re-send the file. I know WinZip (of which they are using a newer version) has compatibility options. But, I'm wondering: What archiving utilities, other than WinZip, support this "compression method 98"? In particular, is there a free and/or open source tool that supports that method? If not, why not? Is the method strictly proprietary to WinZip?

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• How should I configure nginx caching headers for a "baked" static file blog? (Octopress)

  - by Doug Stephen

  I recently deployed an Octopress blog (which is a blogging platform built around Jekyll). It's a static-site blog generator, with no dynamic content or databases to muck about with. It's being served up by nginx. My question is, what is the appropriate expires directive or Cache-Control header that I should set to make sure that visitors get the most up-to-date version of the site when they visit without having to manually refresh? Since the site is just .html files it seems to get cached pretty aggressively. I've tried a million different combinations of expires modified + xxxx and even straight up expires off but I can't seem to wrap my head around it. I'm very new to dealing with caching like this, specifically, on static files that change frequently, and obviously if the site hasn't been changed then I'd like for it to be served up out of the cache. Update (still not solved though): I found open_file_cache, tweaked that. Still no dice. It seems like what I might want to do is use nginx as a proxy cache and use Apache with ETags? Is there really no convenient way to make nginx play nicer with conditional requests from the client? TL;DR: I'm running a static-file blog and I'd like to set up nginx to only serve from the cache if the blog hasn't been updated recently, but I'm too stupid to figure it out myself because I'm relatively new to web servers.

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• Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 3 – Creating the constructors

  - by SeanMcAlinden

  Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 2 – Interceptor Design For the latest code go to http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ When building our proxy type, the first thing we need to do is build the constructors. There needs to be a corresponding constructor for each constructor on the passed in base type. We also want to create a field to store the interceptors and construct this list within each constructor. So assuming the passed in base type is a User<int, IRepository> class, were looking to generate constructor code like the following:   Default Constructor public User`2_RapidDynamicBaseProxy() {     this.interceptors = new List<IInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>>();     DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>> item = new DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>();     this.interceptors.Add(item); }     Parameterised Constructor public User`2_RapidDynamicBaseProxy(IRepository repository1) : base(repository1) {     this.interceptors = new List<IInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>>();     DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>> item = new DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>();     this.interceptors.Add(item); }   As you can see, we first populate a field on the class with a new list of the passed in base type. Construct our DefaultInterceptor class. Add the DefaultInterceptor instance to our interceptor collection. Although this seems like a relatively small task, there is a fair amount of work require to get this going. Instead of going through every line of code – please download the latest from http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ and debug through. In this post I’m going to concentrate on explaining how it works. TypeBuilder The TypeBuilder class is the main class used to create the type. You instantiate a new TypeBuilder using the assembly module we created in part 1. /// <summary> /// Creates a type builder. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TBase">The type of the base class to be proxied.</typeparam> public static TypeBuilder CreateTypeBuilder<TBase>() where TBase : class {     TypeBuilder typeBuilder = DynamicModuleCache.Get.DefineType         (             CreateTypeName<TBase>(),             TypeAttributes.Class | TypeAttributes.Public,             typeof(TBase),             new Type[] { typeof(IProxy) }         );       if (typeof(TBase).IsGenericType)     {         GenericsHelper.MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase), typeBuilder);     }       return typeBuilder; }   private static string CreateTypeName<TBase>() where TBase : class {     return string.Format("{0}_RapidDynamicBaseProxy", typeof(TBase).Name); } As you can see, I’ve create a new public class derived from TBase which also implements my IProxy interface, this is used later for adding interceptors. If the base type is generic, the following GenericsHelper.MakeGenericType method is called. GenericsHelper using System; using System.Reflection.Emit; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Helpers {     /// <summary>     /// Helper class for generic types and methods.     /// </summary>     internal static class GenericsHelper     {         /// <summary>         /// Makes the typeBuilder a generic.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="concrete">The concrete.</param>         /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param>         public static void MakeGenericType(Type baseType, TypeBuilder typeBuilder)         {             Type[] genericArguments = baseType.GetGenericArguments();               string[] genericArgumentNames = GetArgumentNames(genericArguments);               GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameterBuilder                 = typeBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(genericArgumentNames);               typeBuilder.MakeGenericType(genericTypeParameterBuilder);         }           /// <summary>         /// Gets the argument names from an array of generic argument types.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="genericArguments">The generic arguments.</param>         public static string[] GetArgumentNames(Type[] genericArguments)         {             string[] genericArgumentNames = new string[genericArguments.Length];               for (int i = 0; i < genericArguments.Length; i++)             {                 genericArgumentNames[i] = genericArguments[i].Name;             }               return genericArgumentNames;         }     } }       As you can see, I’m getting all of the generic argument types and names, creating a GenericTypeParameterBuilder and then using the typeBuilder to make the new type generic. InterceptorsField The interceptors field will store a List<IInterceptor<TBase>>. Fields are simple made using the FieldBuilder class. The following code demonstrates how to create the interceptor field. FieldBuilder interceptorsField = typeBuilder.DefineField(     "interceptors",     typeof(System.Collections.Generic.List<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(IInterceptor<TBase>)),       FieldAttributes.Private     ); The field will now exist with the new Type although it currently has no data – we’ll deal with this in the constructor. Add method for interceptorsField To enable us to add to the interceptorsField list, we are going to utilise the Add method that already exists within the System.Collections.Generic.List class. We still however have to create the methodInfo necessary to call the add method. This can be done similar to the following: Add Interceptor Field MethodInfo addInterceptor = typeof(List<>)     .MakeGenericType(new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)) })     .GetMethod     (        "Add",        BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic,        null,        new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)) },        null     ); So we’ve create a List<IInterceptor<TBase>> type, then using the type created a method info called Add which accepts an IInterceptor<TBase>. Now in our constructor we can use this to call this.interceptors.Add(// interceptor); Building the Constructors This will be the first hard-core part of the proxy building process so I’m going to show the class and then try to explain what everything is doing. For a clear view, download the source from http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/, go to the test project and debug through the constructor building section. Anyway, here it is: DynamicConstructorBuilder using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Reflection; using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Interception; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Helpers; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Constructors {     /// <summary>     /// Class for creating the proxy constructors.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicConstructorBuilder     {         /// <summary>         /// Builds the constructors.         /// </summary>         /// <typeparam name="TBase">The base type.</typeparam>         /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param>         /// <param name="interceptorsField">The interceptors field.</param>         public static void BuildConstructors<TBase>             (                 TypeBuilder typeBuilder,                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 MethodInfo addInterceptor             )             where TBase : class         {             ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor = CreateInterceptorsFieldConstructor<TBase>();               ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor = CreateDefaultInterceptorConstructor<TBase>();               ConstructorInfo[] constructors = typeof(TBase).GetConstructors();               foreach (ConstructorInfo constructorInfo in constructors)             {                 CreateConstructor<TBase>                     (                         typeBuilder,                         interceptorsField,                         interceptorsFieldConstructor,                         defaultInterceptorConstructor,                         addInterceptor,                         constructorInfo                     );             }         }           #region Private Methods           private static void CreateConstructor<TBase>             (                 TypeBuilder typeBuilder,                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor,                 ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor,                 MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor,                 ConstructorInfo constructorInfo             ) where TBase : class         {             Type[] parameterTypes = GetParameterTypes(constructorInfo);               ConstructorBuilder constructorBuilder = CreateConstructorBuilder(typeBuilder, parameterTypes);               ILGenerator cIL = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator();               LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable =                 cIL.DeclareLocal(typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)));               ConstructInterceptorsField(interceptorsField, interceptorsFieldConstructor, cIL);               ConstructDefaultInterceptor(defaultInterceptorConstructor, cIL, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);               AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList                 (                     interceptorsField,                     AddDefaultInterceptor,                     cIL,                     defaultInterceptorMethodVariable                 );               CreateConstructor(constructorInfo, parameterTypes, cIL);         }           private static void CreateConstructor(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo, Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);               if (parameterTypes.Length > 0)             {                 LoadParameterTypes(parameterTypes, cIL);             }               cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, constructorInfo);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);         }           private static void LoadParameterTypes(Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             for (int i = 1; i <= parameterTypes.Length; i++)             {                 cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, i);             }         }           private static void AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList             (                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor,                 ILGenerator cIL,                 LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, interceptorsField);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, AddDefaultInterceptor);         }           private static void ConstructDefaultInterceptor             (                 ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor,                 ILGenerator cIL,                 LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, defaultInterceptorConstructor);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);         }           private static void ConstructInterceptorsField             (                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor,                 ILGenerator cIL             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, interceptorsFieldConstructor);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, interceptorsField);         }           private static ConstructorBuilder CreateConstructorBuilder(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, Type[] parameterTypes)         {             return typeBuilder.DefineConstructor                 (                     MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.RTSpecialName                     | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, CallingConventions.Standard, parameterTypes                 );         }           private static Type[] GetParameterTypes(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo)         {             ParameterInfo[] parameterInfoArray = constructorInfo.GetParameters();               Type[] parameterTypes = new Type[parameterInfoArray.Length];               for (int p = 0; p < parameterInfoArray.Length; p++)             {                 parameterTypes[p] = parameterInfoArray[p].ParameterType;             }               return parameterTypes;         }           private static ConstructorInfo CreateInterceptorsFieldConstructor<TBase>() where TBase : class         {             return ConstructorHelper.CreateGenericConstructorInfo                 (                     typeof(List<>),                     new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<TBase>) },                     BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic                 );         }           private static ConstructorInfo CreateDefaultInterceptorConstructor<TBase>() where TBase : class         {             return ConstructorHelper.CreateGenericConstructorInfo                 (                     typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>),                     new Type[] { typeof(TBase) },                     BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic                 );         }           #endregion     } } So, the first two tasks within the class should be fairly clear, we are creating a ConstructorInfo for the interceptorField list and a ConstructorInfo for the DefaultConstructor, this is for instantiating them in each contructor. We then using Reflection get an array of all of the constructors in the base class, we then loop through the array and create a corresponding proxy contructor. Hopefully, the code is fairly easy to follow other than some new types and the dreaded Opcodes. ConstructorBuilder This class defines a new constructor on the type. ILGenerator The ILGenerator allows the use of Reflection.Emit to create the method body. LocalBuilder The local builder allows the storage of data in local variables within a method, in this case it’s the constructed DefaultInterceptor. Constructing the interceptors field The first bit of IL you’ll come across as you follow through the code is the following private method used for constructing the field list of interceptors. private static void ConstructInterceptorsField             (                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor,                 ILGenerator cIL             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, interceptorsFieldConstructor);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, interceptorsField);         } The first thing to know about generating code using IL is that you are using a stack, if you want to use something, you need to push it up the stack etc. etc. OpCodes.ldArg_0 This opcode is a really interesting one, basically each method has a hidden first argument of the containing class instance (apart from static classes), constructors are no different. This is the reason you can use syntax like this.myField. So back to the method, as we want to instantiate the List in the interceptorsField, first we need to load the class instance onto the stack, we then load the new object (new List<TBase>) and finally we store it in the interceptorsField. Hopefully, that should follow easily enough in the method. In each constructor you would now have this.interceptors = new List<User<int, IRepository>>(); Constructing and storing the DefaultInterceptor The next bit of code we need to create is the constructed DefaultInterceptor. Firstly, we create a local builder to store the constructed type. Create a local builder LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable =     cIL.DeclareLocal(typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase))); Once our local builder is ready, we then need to construct the DefaultInterceptor<TBase> and store it in the variable. Connstruct DefaultInterceptor private static void ConstructDefaultInterceptor     (         ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor,         ILGenerator cIL,         LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable     ) {     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, defaultInterceptorConstructor);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable); } As you can see, using the ConstructorInfo named defaultInterceptorConstructor, we load the new object onto the stack. Then using the store local opcode (OpCodes.Stloc), we store the new object in the local builder named defaultInterceptorMethodVariable. Add the constructed DefaultInterceptor to the interceptors field collection Using the add method created earlier in this post, we are going to add the new DefaultInterceptor object to the interceptors field collection. Add Default Interceptor private static void AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList     (         FieldBuilder interceptorsField,         MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor,         ILGenerator cIL,         LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable     ) {     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, interceptorsField);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, AddDefaultInterceptor); } So, here’s whats going on. The class instance is first loaded onto the stack using the load argument at index 0 opcode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0) (remember the first arg is the hidden class instance). The interceptorsField is then loaded onto the stack using the load field opcode (OpCodes.Ldfld). We then load the DefaultInterceptor object we stored locally using the load local opcode (OpCodes.Ldloc). Then finally we call the AddDefaultInterceptor method using the call virtual opcode (Opcodes.Callvirt). Completing the constructor The last thing we need to do is complete the constructor. Complete the constructor private static void CreateConstructor(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo, Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);               if (parameterTypes.Length > 0)             {                 LoadParameterTypes(parameterTypes, cIL);             }               cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, constructorInfo);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);         }           private static void LoadParameterTypes(Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             for (int i = 1; i <= parameterTypes.Length; i++)             {                 cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, i);             }         } So, the first thing we do again is load the class instance using the load argument at index 0 opcode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0). We then load each parameter using OpCode.Ldarg_S, this opcode allows us to specify an index position for each argument. We then setup calling the base constructor using OpCodes.Call and the base constructors ConstructorInfo. Finally, all methods are required to return, even when they have a void return. As there are no values on the stack after the OpCodes.Call line, we can safely call the OpCode.Ret to give the constructor a void return. If there was a value, we would have to pop the value of the stack before calling return otherwise, the method would try and return a value. Conclusion This was a slightly hardcore post but hopefully it hasn’t been too hard to follow. The main thing is that a number of the really useful opcodes have been used and now the dynamic proxy is capable of being constructed. If you download the code and debug through the tests at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/, you’ll be able to create proxies at this point, they cannon do anything in terms of interception but you can happily run the tests, call base methods and properties and also take a look at the created assembly in Reflector. Hope this is useful. The next post should be up soon, it will be covering creating the private methods for calling the base class methods and properties. Kind Regards, Sean.

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• What functionality should a (basic) mock framework have?

  - by user1175327

  If i would start on writing a simple Mock framework, then what are the things that a basic mock framework MUST have? Obviously mocking any object, but what about assertions and perhaps other things? When I think of how I would write my own mock framework then I realise how much I really know (or don't know) and what I would trip up on. So this is more for educational purposes. Of course I did research and this is what i've come up with that a minimal mocking framework should be able to do. Now my question in this whole thing is, am I missing some important details in my ideas? Mocking Mocking a class: Should be able to mock any class. The Mock should preserve the properties and their original values as they were set in the original class. All method implementations are empty. Calls to methods of Mock: The Mock framework must be able to define what a mocked method must return. IE: $MockObj->CallTo('SomeMethod')->Returns('some value'); Assertions To my understanding mocking frameworks also have a set of assertions. These are the ones I think are most important (taken from SimpleTest). expect($method, $args) Arguments must match if called expectAt($timing, $method, $args) Arguments must match when called on the $timing'th time expectCallCount($method, $count) The method must be called exactly this many times expectMaximumCallCount($method, $count) Call this method no more than $count times expectMinimumCallCount($method, $count) Must be called at least $count times expectNever($method) Must never be called expectOnce($method, $args) Must be called once and with the expected arguments if supplied expectAtLeastOnce($method, $args) Must be called at least once, and always with any expected arguments And that's basically, as far as I understand, what a mock framework should be able to do. But is this really everything? Because it currently doesn't seem like a big deal to build something like this. But that's also the reason why I have the feeling that i'm missing some important details about such a framework. So is my understanding right about a mock framework? Or am i missing alot of details?

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• .NET Reflection: How to call method of interface without creating instance?

  - by jitm

  I have situation where I have to call method of interface using reflection, like this object x = null; MethodInfo method = interfaceExists.GetMethod("ShutDown"); method.Invoke(x, new object[] { 4 }) As you can see I do not create instance of object! And, as I can supposed, I receive exception Non-static method requires a target And Question, Can I call method of interface using reflection without creating instance of interface and if YES, How I can do it ?

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• C# Reflection: How to call method of interface without creating instance?

  - by jitm

  Hello, I have situation where I have to call method of interface using reflection, like this object x = null; MethodInfo method = interfaceExists.GetMethod("ShutDown"); method.Invoke(x, new object[] { 4 }) As you can see I do not create instance of object! And, as I can supposed, I receive exception Non-static method requires a target And Question, Can I call method of interface using reflection without creating instance of interface and if YES, How I can do it ? Thank you.

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• What is it called when an object member returns the object, enabling you to string method calls?

  - by thepearson

  Perhaps I'm just not using the right Google-age. But I am trying to remember what the term is for when you return the object from one of it members to enable you to do something similar: class obj { obj function method() { return this } } obj->method()->method()->method()->method() I used to know this but it has totally escaped me.

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