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• Is It Worth Using Bitwise Operators In Methods?

  - by user1626141

  I am very new to Java (and programming in general, my previous experience is with ActionScript 2.0 and some simple JavaScript), and I am working my way slowly and methodically through Java: A Beginner's Guide by Herbert Schildt. It is an incredible book. For one thing, I finally understand more-or-less what bitwise operators (which I first encountered in ActionScript 2.0) do, and that they are more efficient than other methods for certain sums. My question is, is it more efficient to use a method that uses, say, a shift right, to perform all your divisions/2 (or divisions/even) for you in a large program with many calculations (in this case, a sprawling RPG), or is it more efficient to simply use standard mathematical operations because the compiler will optimise it all for you? Or, am I asking the wrong question entirely?

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• Is It Safe to Cast Away volatile?

  - by Yan Cheng CHEOK

  Most of the time, I am doing this way. class a { public: ~ a() { i = 100; // OK delete (int *)j; // Compiler happy. But, is it safe? // Error : delete j; } private: volatile int i; volatile int *j; }; int main() { a aa; } However, I saw an article here: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP32-C.+Do+not+access+a+volatile+object+through+a+non-volatile+reference Casting away volatile allows access to an object through a non-volatile reference. This can result in undefined and perhaps unintended program behavior. So, what will be the workaround for my above code example?

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• C Struct : typedef Doubt !

  - by Mahesh

  In the given code snippet, I expected the error symbol Record not found. But it compiled and ran fine on Visual Studio 2010 Compiler. I ran it as a C program from Visual Studio 2010 Command Prompt in the manner - cl Record.c Record Now the doubt is, doesn't typedef check for symbols ? Does it work more like a forward declaration ? #include "stdio.h" #include "conio.h" typedef struct Record R; struct Record { int a; }; int main() { R obj = {10}; getch(); return 0; }

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• ToList()-- Does it Create a New List?

  - by Ngu Soon Hui

  Let's say I have a class public class MyObject { public int SimpleInt{get;set;} } And I have a List<MyObject>, and I ToList() it and then change one of the SimpleInt, will my change be propagated back to the original list. In other words, what would be the output of the following method? public void RunChangeList() { var objs = new List<MyObject>(){new MyObject(){SimpleInt=0}}; var whatInt = ChangeToList(objs ); } public int ChangeToList(List<MyObject> objects) { var objectList = objects.ToList(); objectList[0].SimpleInt=5; return objects[0].SimpleInt; } Why? P/S: I'm sorry if it seems obvious to find out. But I don't have compiler with me now...

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• Will Windows Update modify anything in Visual Studio?

  - by Martin

  (Note: Yes, the technical side of this question seems to be rather SuperUser, but the implications are more relevant for StackOverflow readers.) As the title says, we are wondering if (fully) enabling automated Windows Updates on our developer machines will have implications for MS Visual Studio. That is, will any fixes to any components (be it libraries, UI/IDE, compiler, ...) ever be updated through Windows Update? We want to have 100% exact and reproducible development environments (wrt C++) on all developer machines, and so we are concerned that automated Windows updates may introduce some uncontrolled updates into our development chain.

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• C/C++: Scanning a TIFF file using LIBTIFF

  - by Matt07

  My problem is to scan a tiff image in C and get all the pixel value (let's say for saving them in a txt file) in C/C++. I scanned the web and i found a library named "TIFFLIB" that should do what i was looking for. I downloaded it using the ubuntu package manager, but the gcc doesn't recognize the library. How do i link the library to the compiler? Have I installed it correctly? Is there any better/easier way to do that?

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• Query on the scope of local variables in C

  - by darkie15

  All, Consider the following code: void func(void) { int a; printf ("%d", a); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { int a = 3; func(); printf("%d", a); } According to my understanding, the output should be: <junk value><3> Can anyone please confirm my understanding? My basic query is, does the compiler refer to the outer scope for a variable that has been declared but not defined? Regards, darkie

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• Question about inserting assembly code in C++

  - by Bruce

  I am working on VC++ compiler. I want to accomplish the following The variables s.AddrFrame.Offset and s.AddrStack.Offset contain the value of EBP and ESP respectively. I want to extract the value of old EBP and the return address. Assuming the address EBP + 1 contains the old 32 bit EBP value and EBP + 5 the return address I wrote the following code: unsigned int old_ebp = 0; unsigned int ret_addr = 0; __asm{ mov old_ebp, DWORD PTR [s.AddrFrame.Offset + 1] mov ret_addr, DWORD PTR [s.AddrStack.Offset + 5] } But this is not compiling xxxx.cpp(1130) : error C2415: improper operand type Please Help

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• Output Unicode to Console Using C++

  - by Jesse Foley

  I'm still learning C++, so bear with me and my sloppy code. The compiler I use is Dev C++. I want to be able to output Unicode characters to the Console using cout. Whenver i try things like: # #include directive here (include iostream) using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World!\n"; cout << "Blah blah blah some gibberish unicode: ÐAßGg\n"; system("PAUSE"); return 0; } It outputs strange characters to the console, like µA¦Gg. Why does it do that, and how can i get to to display ÐAßGg? Or is this not possible with Windows?

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• What could possibly cause this error(when declaring an object inside a class) ? //noobie question

  - by M4design

  I'm battling with this assignment :) I've got two classes: Ocean and Grid. When I declare an object of the Grid inside the Ocean: unsigned int sharkCount; Grid grid; The compiler/complainer says: error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'grid' Can you possibly predict what produces this error with the limited info' I provided? It seems that as if the Ocean doesn't like the Grid class. Could this be because of the poor implementation of the grid class. BTW the Grid has a default constructor. Yet the error happens in compiling time!. Thanks. EDIT: They're each in separate header file, and I've included the Grid.h in the Ocean.h.

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• struct constructor + function parameter

  - by Oops

  Hi, I am a C++ beginner. I have the following code, the reult is not what I expect. The question is why, resp. what is wrong. For sure, the most of you see it at the first glance. struct Complex { float imag; float real; Complex( float i, float r) { imag = i; real = r; } Complex( float r) { Complex(0, r); } std::string str() { std::ostringstream s; s << "imag: " << imag << " | real: " << real << std::endl; return s.str(); } }; class Complexes { std::vector<Complex> * _complexes; public: Complexes(){ _complexes = new std::vector<Complex>; } void Add( Complex elem ) { _complexes->push_back( elem ); } std::string str( int index ) { std::ostringstream oss; Complex c = _complexes->at(index); oss << c.str(); return oss.str(); } }; int main(){ Complexes * cs = new Complexes(); //cs->Add(123.4f); cs->Add(Complex(123.4f)); std::cout << cs->str(0); return 0; } for now I am interested in the basics of c++ not in the complexnumber theory ;-) it would be nice if the "Add" function does also accept one real (without an extra overloading) instead of only a Complex-object is this possible? many thanks in advance Oops

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• How to use #ifdef entities as part of functions in header files

  - by Crazyjavahacking

  I would like to ask if it is possible to use the entities defined in #ifdef block in header files. To be clear, I have following code: #ifdef #include <winsock2.h> #define SOCKET_HANDLE SOCKET #define CONNECTION_HANDLE SOCKET #endif SOCKET_HANDLE createServerSocket(const char* hostAddress, short port); I am Java developer and this seems completely fine for me. However compiler has a problem with this. Can you explain why is that code a problem? Also how can I force to compile it. (The idea is to have generic interface and conditional compilation to determine real types according to running platform at compile time.) Thanks

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• Iterate Through JSON Data for Specific Element - Similar to XPath

  - by Highroller

  I am working on an embedded system and my theory of the overall process follows this methodology: 1. Send a command to the back end asking for account information in JSON format. 2. The back end writes a JSON file with all accounts and associated information (there could be 0 to 16 accounts). 3. Here's where I get stuck - use JavaScript (we are using the JQuery library) to iterate through the returned information for a specific element (similar to XPath) and build an array based on the number of elements found to populate a drop-down box to select the account you want to view and then do stuff with the account info. So my code looks like this: loadAccounts = function() { $.getJSON('/info?q=voip.accounts[]', function(result) { var sipAcnts = $("#sipacnts"); $(sipAcnts).empty(); // empty the dropdown (if necessarry) // Get the 'label' element and stick it in an array // build the array and append it to the sipAcnts dropdown // use array index to ref the accounts info and do stuff with it } So what I need is the JSON version of XPath to build the array of voip.accounts.label. The first account info looks something like this: { "result_set": { "voip.accounts[0]": { "label": "Dispatch1", "enabled": true, "user": "1234", "name": "Jane Doe", "type": "sip", "sip": { "lots and lots of stuff": }, } } } Am I over complicating the issue? Any wisdom anyone could thrown down would be greatly appreciated.

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• How are clientside security vulnerabilities generally discovered?

  - by Jehjoa

  I mean in operating systems or their applications. The only way I can think of is examine binaries for the use of dangerous functions like strcpy(), and then try to exploit those. Though with compiler improvements like Visual Studio's /GS switch this possibility should mostly be a thing of the past. Or am I mistaken? What other ways do people use to find vulnerabilities? Just load your target in a debugger, then send unexpected input and see what happens? This seems like a long and tedious process. Could anyone recommend some good books or websites on this subject? Thanks in advance.

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• Strange exception phenomenon in Windows 7

  - by Level 2

  I spot some interesting articles about exception handle in CodeProject http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cpp/seexception.aspx After reading, I decided to do some experiment. The first time I try to execute the following code char *p; p[0] = 0; The program died without question. But After several times when I executed the same problem binary code, it magically did fine. Even the following code is doing well. Any clue or explanation? char *p p[1000] = 'd'; cout<<p[1000]<<endl; My O/S is Windows 7 64bit and compiler is VS2008 rc1.

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• initialization of objects in c++

  - by Happy Mittal

  I want to know, in c++, when does the initialization of objects take place? Is it at the compile time or link time? For ex: //file1.cpp extern int i; int j=5; //file2.cpp ( link with file1.cpp) extern j; int i=10; Now, what does compiler do : according to me, it allocates storage for variables. Now I want to know : does it also put initialization value in that storage or is it done at link time?

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• Is it legal for a C++ reference to be NULL?

  - by BCS

  A while back I ran into a bug the looked something like this: void fn(int &i) { printf(&i == NULL ? "NULL\n" : "!NULL\n"); } int main() { int i; int *ip = NULL; fn(i); // prints !NULL fn(*ip); // prints NULL return 0; } More recently, I ran into this comment about C++ references: [References arguments make] it clear, unlike with pointers, that NULL is not a possible value. But, as show above, NULL is a possible value. So where is the error? In the language spec? (Unlikely.) Is the compiler in error for allowing that? Is that coding guide in error (or a little ambiguous)? Or am I just wandering into the minefield known as undefined behavior?

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• const member functions can call const member functions only?

  - by Abhi

  Hi all. Do const member functions call only const member functions? class Transmitter{ const static string msg; mutable int size; public: void xmit() const{ size = compute(); cout<<msg; } private: int compute() const{return 5;} }; string const Transmitter::msg = "beep"; int main(){ Transmitter t; t.xmit(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } If i dont make compute() a const, then the compiler complains. Is it because since a const member function is not allowed to modify members, it wont allow any calls to non-consts since it would mean that the const member function would be 'indirectly' modifying the data members?

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• Prevent Erroneous Property Assignment

  - by Gordon

  Porting android applications to iphone applications always gives me the following pattern that I accidentally create: - (void) myFunc:(id)prop { self.property = property; } Which instead should be: - (void) myFunc:(id)prop { self.property = prop; } This always causes my program to quietly break because property gets reset to its existing value rather than being set to the new value, 'prop'. I cannot name the parameter 'prop' to 'property' since the compile complains that the parameter masks the instance variables visibility. Is there a good way to avoid this situation? There are no compiler warnings. Is there a way to make xcode prevent this? I cannot see very many situations where you would set a property to the value of its underlying instance variable (maybe to trigger a KVO binding?), but I don't see myself doing that in majority of cases. I understand the above code is synthetic and should be done with @synthesize, but I am just using it as a simplified example to illustrate my point.

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• Array::ConvertAll in managed C++

  - by danny.lesnik

  This is a continuation from this post. I'm trying to parse this string in managed C++: String ^ rgba = "[0.09019608,0.5176471,0.9058824,1]"; cli::array<System::Double> ^ RGB = System::Array::ConvertAll<String,cli::array<System::Double> >((rgba->Substring(1,rgba->Length-2)->Split(',')),double::Parse); Compiler throws me the following error: Error 15 error C2770: invalid explicit generic argument(s) for 'cli::array<Type,dimension> ^System::Array::ConvertAll(cli::array<TInput,1> ^,System::Converter<TInput,TOutput> ^)' What am I doing wrong?

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• Syncronizing indices of function pointer table to table contents

  - by Thomas Matthews

  In the embedded system I'm working on, we are using a table of function pointers to support proprietary Dynamic Libraries. We have a header file that uses named constants (#define) for the function pointer indices. These values are used in calculating the location in the table of the function's address. Example: *(export_table.c)* // Assume each function in the table has an associated declaration typedef void (*Function_Ptr)(void); Function_Ptr Export_Function_Table[] = { 0, Print, Read, Write, Process, }; Here is the header file: *export_table.h* #define ID_PRINT_FUNCTION 1 #define ID_READ_FUNCTION 2 #define ID_WRITE_FUNCTION 3 #define ID_PROCESS_FUNCTION 4 I'm looking for a scheme to define the named constants in terms of their location in the array so that when the order of the functions changes, the constants will also change. (Also, I would like the compiler or preprocessor to calculate the indices to avoid human mistakes like typeo's.)

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• Getting list of all existing vtables.

  - by Patrick

  In my application I have quite some void-pointers (this is because of historical reasons, application was originally written in pure C). In one of my modules I know that the void-pointers points to instances of classes that could inherit from a known base class, but I cannot be 100% sure of it. Therefore, doing a dynamic_cast on the void-pointer might give problems. Possibly, the void-pointer even points to a plain-struct (so no vptr in the struct). I would like to investigate the first 4 bytes of the memory the void-pointer is pointing to, to see if this is the address of the valid vtable. I know this is platform, maybe even compiler-version-specific, but it could help me in moving the application forward, and getting rid of all the void-pointers over a limited time period (let's say 3 years). Is there a way to get a list of all vtables in the application, or a way to check whether a pointer points to a valid vtable, and whether that instance pointing to the vtable inherits from a known base class?

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• Windows based development for ARM processors

  - by user367231

  I am a complete newbie to the ARM world. I need to be able to write C code, compile it, and then download into an ARM emulator, and execute. I need to use the GCC 4.1.2 compiler for the C code compilation. Can anybody point me in the correct directions for the following issues? What tool chain to use? What emulator to use? Are there tutorials or guides on setting up the tool chain?

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• How do I prevent race condition WITHOUT using locks in C++?

  - by Hristo

  How do I prevent a race condition WITHOUT locking or using mutexes/semaphors in C++? I'm dealing with a nested for loop in which I will be setting a value in an array: for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) for (int k = 0; k < o; ++k) array[k] += foo(...); More or less, I want to deal with this so that I can ensure different threads running at the same time don't write to array[k] at the same time. Any suggestions on how to approach this? Edit: I am running on a Linux machine and I also have to use the Intel compiler. I will be using "icc" instead of "gcc" to compile the code.

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• C++ Translation Phase Confusion

  - by blakecl

  Can someone explain why the following doesn't work? int main() // Tried on several recent C++ '03 compilers. { #define FOO L const wchar_t* const foo = FOO"bar"; // Will error out with something like: "identifier 'L' is undefined." #undef FOO } I thought that preprocessing was done in an earlier translation phase than string literal operations and general token translation. Wouldn't the compiler be more or less seeing this: int main() { const wchar_t* const foo = L"bar"; } It would be great if someone could cite an explanation from the standard.

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