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  • Python indentation in "empty lines"

    - by niscy
    Which is preferred ("." indicating whitespace)? A) def foo(): x = 1 y = 2 .... if True: bar() B) def foo(): x = 1 y = 2 if True: bar() My intuition would be B (that's also what vim does for me), but I see people using A) all the time. Is it just because most of the editors out there are broken?

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  • Python: How should I make instance variables available?

    - by swisstony
    Suppose I have: class myclass: def __init__(self): self.foo = "bar" where the value of foo needs to be available to users of myclass. Is it OK to just read the value of foo directly from an instance of myclass? Should I add a get_foo method to myclass or perhaps add a foo property? What's the best practice here?

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  • Difference Between Two Lists with Many Duplicates in Python

    - by Paul
    I have several lists that contain many of the same items and many duplicate items. I want to check which items in one list are not in the other list. For example, I might have one list like this: l1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'b', 'c'] and one list like this: l2 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'b'] Comparing these two lists I would want to return a third list like this: l3 = ['c'] I am currently using some terrible code that I made a while ago that I'm fairly certain doesn't even work properly shown below. def list_difference(l1,l2): for i in range(0, len(l1)): for j in range(0, len(l2)): if l1[i] == l1[j]: l1[i] = 'damn' l2[j] = 'damn' l3 = [] for item in l1: if item!='damn': l3.append(item) return l3 How can I better accomplish this task?

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  • Manipulating Directory Paths in Python

    - by G Ullman
    Basically I've got this current url and this other key that I want to merge into a new url, but there are three different cases. Suppose the current url is localhost:32401/A/B/foo if key is bar then I want to return localhost:32401/A/B/bar if key starts with a slash and is /A/bar then I want to return localhost:32401/A/bar finally if key is its own independent url then I just want to return that key = htt p://foo.com/bar - http://foo.com/bar I assume there is a way to do at least the first two cases without manipulating the strings manually, but nothing jumped out at me immediately in the os.path module.

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  • Importing data from a text file using python

    - by Will
    I have a text file containing data in rows and columns (~17000 rows in total). Each column is a uniform number of characters long, with the 'unused' characters filled in by spaces. For example, the first column is 11 characters long, but the last four characters in that column are always spaces (so that it appears to be a nice column when viewed with a text editor). Sometimes it's more than four if the entry is less than 7 characters. The columns are not otherwise separated by commas, tabs, or spaces. They are also not all the same number of characters (the first two are 11, the next two are 8 and the last one is 5 - but again, some are spaces). What I want to do is import the entires (which are numbers) in the last two columns if the second column contains the string 'OW' somewhere in it. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • encrypting passwords in a python conf file on a windows platform

    - by Richard
    Hello all. I have a script running on a remote machine. db info is stored in a configuration file. I want to be able to encrypt the password in the conf text so that no one can just read the file and gain access to the database. This is my current set up: My conf file sensitive info is encoded with base64 module. The main script then decodes the info. I have compiled the script using py2exe to make it a bit harder to see the code. My question is: Is there a better way of doing this? I know that base64 is not a very safe way of encrypting. Is there a way to encode using a key? I also know that py2exe can be reversed engineered very easily and the key could be found. Any other thoughts? I am also running this script on a windows machine, so any modules that are suggested should be able to run in a windows environment with ease. I know there are several other posts on this topic but I have not found one with a windows solution, or at least one that is will explained.

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  • Python metaclass to run a class method automatically on derived class

    - by Barry Steyn
    I want to automatically run a class method defined in a base class on any derived class during the creation of the class. For instance: class Base(object): @classmethod def runme(): print "I am being run" def __metclass__(cls,parents,attributes): clsObj = type(cls,parents,attributes) clsObj.runme() return clsObj class Derived(Base): pass: What happens here is that when Base is created, ''runme()'' will fire. But nothing happens when Derived is created. The question is: How can I make ''runme()'' also fire when creating Derived. This is what I have thought so far: If I explicitly set Derived's metclass to Base's, it will work. But I don't want that to happen. I basically want Derived to use the Base's metaclass without me having to explicitly set it so.

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  • Python Continue Loop

    - by Rob B.
    I am using the following code from this tutorial (http://jeriwieringa.com/blog/2012/11/04/beautiful-soup-tutorial-part-1/). from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup (open("43rd-congress.html")) final_link = soup.p.a final_link.decompose() trs = soup.find_all('tr') for tr in trs: for link in tr.find_all('a'): fulllink = link.get ('href') print fulllink #print in terminal to verify results tds = tr.find_all("td") try: #we are using "try" because the table is not well formatted. This allows the program to continue after encountering an error. names = str(tds[0].get_text()) # This structure isolate the item by its column in the table and converts it into a string. years = str(tds[1].get_text()) positions = str(tds[2].get_text()) parties = str(tds[3].get_text()) states = str(tds[4].get_text()) congress = tds[5].get_text() except: print "bad tr string" continue #This tells the computer to move on to the next item after it encounters an error print names, years, positions, parties, states, congress However, I get an error saying that 'continue' is not properly in the loop on line 27. I am using notepad++ and windows powershell. How do I make this code work?

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  • deleting unaccessed files using python

    - by damon
    My django app parses some files uploaded by the user.It is possible that the file uploaded by the user may remain in the server for a long time ,without it being parsed by the app.This can increase in size if a lot of users upload a lot of files. I need to delete those files not recently parsed by the app -say not accessed for last 24 hours.I tried like this import os import time dirname = MEDIA_ROOT+my_folder filenames = os.listdir(dirname) filenames = [os.path.join(dirname,filename) for filename in filenames] for filename in filenames: last_access = os.stat(filename).st_atime #secs since epoch rtime = time.asctime(time.localtime(last_access)) print filename+'----'+rtime This shows the last accessed times for each file..But I am not sure how I can test if the file access time was within the last 24 hours..Can somebody help me out?

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  • most widely used python web app deployment style

    - by mete
    I wonder which option is more stable (leaving performance aside) and is more widely used (I assume the widely used one is the most stable): apache - mod_wsgi apache - mod_fcgid apache - mod_proxy_ajp apache - mod_proxy_http for a project that will serve REST services with small json formatted input and output messages and web pages, up to 100 req/s. Please comment on apache if you think nginx etc. is more suitable. Thanks.

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  • Appending item to lists - python

    - by ariel
    I have a list lets say a=[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]. I want to add to each item in a the char 'a'. when I use a=[x.append('a') for x in a] it return [None,None,None]. But if I use a1=[x.append('a') for x in a] then it do someting odd. a and not a1 is [[1,2,a],[3,4,a],[5,6,a]]. I don't understand why the first return [None, None, None] nor why the second works on a.

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  • Iterating through a range of dates in Python

    - by ShawnMilo
    This is working fine, but I'm looking for any feedback on how to do it better. Right now I think it's better than nested loops, but it starts to get Perl-one-linerish when you have a generator in a list comprehension. Any suggestions are welcome. day_count = (end_date - start_date).days + 1 for single_date in [d for d in (start_date + timedelta(n) for n in range(day_count)) if d <= end_date]: print strftime("%Y-%m-%d", single_date.timetuple()) Notes: I'm not actually using this to print; that's just for demo purposes. The variables start_date and end_date are datetime.date objects, because I don't need the timestamps (they're going to be used to generate a report). I checked the StackOverflow questions which were similar before posting this, but none were exactly the same. Sample Output (for a start date of 2009-05-30 and an end date of 2009-06-09): 2009-05-30 2009-05-31 2009-06-01 2009-06-02 2009-06-03 2009-06-04 2009-06-05 2009-06-06 2009-06-07 2009-06-08 2009-06-09

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  • Overriding Built-in Classes (Python)

    - by Yipeng
    How can I view and override the full definition for built in classes? I have seen the library docs but am looking for something more. For e.g. is it possible to override the Array Class such that the base index starts from 1 instead of 0, or to override .sort() of list to a sorting algorithm of my own liking?

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  • Simple check authentication decorator in Python + Pylons

    - by ensnare
    I'd like to write a simple decorator that I can put above functions in my controller to check authentication and re-direct to the login page if the current user is not authenticated. What is the best way to do this? Where should the decorator go? How should I pass cookie info to the decorator? Sample code is greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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  • python: importing modules with incorrect import statements => unexhaustive info from resulting Impor

    - by bbb
    Hi there, I have a funny problem I'd like to ask you guys ('n gals) about. I'm importing some module A that is importing some non-existent module B. Of course this will result in an ImportError. This is what A.py looks like import B Now let's import A >>> import A Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/tmp/importtest/A.py", line 1, in <module> import B ImportError: No module named B Alright, on to the problem. How can I know if this ImportError results from importing A or from some corrupt import inside A without looking at the error's string representation. The difference is that either A is not there or does have incorrect import statements. Hope you can help me out... Cheers bb

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  • Serialize the @property methods in a Python class.

    - by ashchristopher
    Is there a way to have any @property definitions passed through to a json serializer when serializing a Django model class? example: class FooBar(object.Model) name = models.CharField(...) @property def foo(self): return "My name is %s" %self.name Want to serialize to: [{ 'name' : 'Test User', 'foo' : 'My name is Test User', },]

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  • Python performance profiling (file close)

    - by user1853986
    First of all thanks for your attention. My question is how to reduce the execution time of my code. Here is the relevant code. The below code is called in iteration from the main. def call_prism(prism_input_file,random_length): prism_output_file = "path.txt" cmd = "prism %s -simpath %d %s" % (prism_input_file,random_length,prism_output_file) p = os.popen(cmd) p.close() return prism_output_file def main(prism_input_file, number_of_strings): ... for n in range(number_of_strings): prism_output_file = call_prism(prism_input_file,z[n]) ... return I used statistics from the "profile statistics browser" when I profiled my code. The "file close" system command took the maximum time (14.546 seconds). The call_prism routine is called 10 times. But the number_of_strings is usually in thousands, so, my program takes lot of time to complete. Let me know if you need more information. By the way I tried with subprocess, too. Thanks.

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  • Need help in writting re in python

    - by laspal
    Hi, My string is mystring = "<tr><td><span class='para'><b>Total Amount : </b>INR (Indian Rupees) 100.00</span></td></tr>" My problem here is I have to search and get the total amount test = re.search("(Indian Rupees)(\d{2})(?:\D|$)", mystring) but my test give me None. How can I get the values and values can be 10.00, 100.00, 1000.00 Thanks

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