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• sudo fdisk in a live session does not show all hard drives

  - by cornbread

  I am having Grub2 issues in my Ubuntu 10.04 dual boot, 2 hard drive system. So I am attempting to follow the standard grub2 reinstallation guide (cant post link because of spam filters allowing only one... ?_?) Don't know if this is the root of my problem, but my speedy internal HD with my OS on it is not showing up anywhere in a live session. Not in nautilus, behind fdisk.... no where. When I can get the main system to boot, there is no issue seeing all available partitions. But the live session sees only the 1TB internal media/backup hard drive. I need access to the other hard drive and it's partitions to finish the grub2 re-installation but I am not sure anymore that is the underlying issue. Anyone have experience with this? The issue I have identified as a grub2 issue is fully described here. SandPvvr describes it exactly. Some notes: I do not see the grub2 menu for my os's holding down the shift key after my bios screen works maybe 10% of the time Not related to reinstalling a windows os. havent been touched in a year do some web development. issue may have started when I was playing with ruby and django. not sure on this. Could a dev environment do this? fdisk in live session ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001d518 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb2 1 121601 976759939 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 487 110765 885816036 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 110766 121601 87040138+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sdb7 1 486 3903700+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order

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• Accidentally dd'ed an image to wrong drive / overwrote partition table + NTFS partition start

  - by Kento Locatelli

  I screwed up and set the wrong output for dd when trying to copy a freenas iso, overwriting the wrong external hard drive. Ironically, I was trying to setup a freenas server for data backup... External drive is only used for data storage, system is entirely intact Drive had a single NTFS partition filing the entire device (2TB WD elements) Drive originally had an MBR partition table. Drive now shows as having a GPT, presumably from the freenas image. Drive was mounted at the time, with maybe a couple kB of data written/read after running dd Drive is just a few months old and healthy (regular SMART / fs checks) I have not reboot the OS (crunchbang) /proc/partition still holds the correct information (and has been stored) Have dd's output (records in / out / bytes) testdrive did not find any partitions on quick or deep search running photorec to recover the more important data (a couple recent plaintext files that hadn't been backed up yet). Vast majority of disk content ( 80%) is unnecessary media files. My current plan is to let photorec do it's thing, then recreate the mbr with gparted and use cfdisk to create another NTFS partition using the sector information from /sys/block/.../. Is that a good course of action (that is, a chance of success)? Or anything else I should try first? Possibly relevant information: dd if=FreeNAS-8.0.4-RELEASE-p3-x86.iso of=/dev/sdc: 194568+0 records in 194568+0 records out 99618816 bytes (100 MB) copied grep . /sys/block/sdc/sdc*/{start,size}: /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/start:2048 /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/size:3907022848 cat /proc/partitions: major minor #blocks name ** Snipped ** 8 32 1953512448 sdc 8 33 1953511424 sdc1 current fdisk -l output: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000396746752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• "A disk read error occurred" after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB

  - by kellogs

  "A disk read error occurred" appears on screen after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB. [root@localhost linux]# fdisk -lu Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48424841 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 204214271 102107104+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 204214272 255606783 25696256 af HFS / HFS+ Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 255606784 276488191 10440704 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda4 276490179 312576704 18043263 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 276490240 286709759 5109760 83 Linux /dev/sda6 286712118 310488254 11888068+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 310488318 312576704 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Here, sda is a 160GB hard disk with quite a few partitions and 3 OSes installed. I am able to boot into Linux and Mac OS fine, but not into Windows anymore. The Windows system is located on /dev/sda1. I cannot recall how exactly have I used testdisk but it once said: Disk /dev/sda - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19458 255 63 The harddisk (160 GB / 149 GiB) seems too small! (< 169 GB / 157 GiB) Check the harddisk size: HD jumper settings, BIOS detection... So far I have tried to "fixboot" and "chkdsk" from a recovery console on the affected windows partition (/dev/sda1), the plug off power cord for 15 seconds trick, reinstalling GRUB, repairing the MFT and boot sector of the affected partition via testdisk, what next please? Thank you!

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• Shortcut to "printer and faxes" on another computer

  - by Doltknuckle

  I have a print server running windows server 2008 that has about 50 printers on it. In windows XP, I was able to connect to the server using the UNC name and make a shortcut to the "printers and faxes" folder. (For the record, I know that it really isn't a folder, but that's outside the scope of this question.) I have recently switched to windows 7 and I find that the jump lists are really useful. One of the things I want to do is make it easy to connect to that server's "printers and faxes" folder. I would like to use something like a shortcut that I can open and go immediately to that location. The problem is that windows 7 doesn't have a way to create a shortcut like you could in WinXP. They have a button on the toolbar that says "view remote printers" which sends you to the correct folder. I'd like to avoid having to type out the server name. I also can't use the "view network" link in windows explorer. Our organization has over 6,000 machines and viewing the network lists all of them. This is all about saving time by using the minimum number of mouse clicks and key presses in normal operation. Does anyone have any suggestions?

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• No password is complex enough

  - by Blue Warrior NFB

  I have one user in my AD domain who seems to not be able to self-select a password. I may have another one, but they're on a different enough password-expiration schedule that I can't remember who it is right now. I can set a password via ADU&C just fine, but when he tries it via C-A-D he gets the "doesn't meet complexity" message. Figuring he was just doing something like 'pAssword32', I did some troubleshooting of my own and sure enough it doesn't want to take a password that way. He's one of our users that habitually uses a local account and then maps drives using his AD credentials so he doesn't get the your password will expire in 4 days, maybe you should change it prompts, so he's a frequent "my password expired, can you fix it" flyer. I don't want to keep having him set it via ADU&C over my shoulder every N days. I'm just fine setting temp passwords of 48 characters of keyboard-slamming and letting him change it something memorable. My environment is at the Windows 2008 R2 functional level, and I am using fine-grained password policies. In fact, I have two such policies: For normal users (minimum length, remembered passwords) For special utility accounts The password complexities I've tried match both policies for length and char-set selection. The permissions on the User object themselves look normal, SELF does indeed have the "Change Password" right. Is there some other place I should be looking for things that can affect this?

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• Should I use "Raid 5 + spare" or "Raid 6"?

  - by Trevor Boyd Smith

  What is "Raid 5 + Spare" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID5+Spare: RAID 5+Spare is a RAID 5 array in which one disk is used as spare to rebuild the system as soon as a disk fails (Fig. 79). At least four disks are required. If one physical disk fails, the data remains available because it is read from the parity blocks. Data from a failed disk is rebuilt onto the hot spare disk. When a failed disk is replaced, the replacement becomes the new hot spare. No data is lost in the case of a single disk failure, but if a second disk fails before the system can rebuild data to the hot spare, all data in the array will be lost. What is "Raid 6" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID6: In RAID 6, data is striped across all disks (minimum of four) and a two parity blocks for each data block (p and q in Fig. 80) is written on the same stripe. If one physical disk fails, the data from the failed disk can be rebuilt onto a replacement disk. This Raid mode can support up to two disk failures with no data loss. RAID 6 provides for faster rebuilding of data from a failed disk. Both "Raid 5 + spare" and "Raid 6" are SO similar ... I can't tell the difference. When would "Raid 5 + Spare" be optimal? And when would "Raid 6" be optimal"? The manual dumbs down the different raid with 5 star ratings. "Raid 5 + Spare" only gets 4 stars but "Raid 6" gets 5 stars. If I were to blindly trust the manual I would conclude that "Raid 6" is always better. Is "Raid 6" always better?

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• How can I redirect/forward all the UDP/TCP traffic on one interface to another interface in OpenWrt

  - by Sina Sou

  I am new to networking and I have a measurement device (D) that periodically sends all its readings over few UDP multicast sockets (with different multicast IP addresses and different port numbers). That device even listens to a TCP socket simultaneously to modify its configuration on port 7234. Since the device has just a Ethernet interface for communication and I want to make it work wireless, I decided to use a very small wireless open-wrt based router that attaches to the device (D) and redirect/forward all the network traffic(Both UDP/TCP) to the router wireless interface. In order to simplify the problem assume that the Device (D) establishes following sockets (at the same time) UM_SOCK1: UDP mcast socket on 239.1.2.3 port# 50620 UM_SOCK2: UDP mcast socket on 239.1.2.4 port# 50640 TC_SOCK3: TCP DHCP/STATIC ip address 192.168.1.200 port 7234 And (D) is connected to Open-Wrt router (R) via interface en01 (Ethernet) the router has it own wireless interface on (wlan0) I want all the traffic from interface pass through wlan01 and vice versa (bi-directional) en01 <---- wlan01 What would be the minimum iptables or ... commands that I need to make this possible? Even I am wondering if traffic directing can be made easier like if the direction is not going to be based on IP addresses(not desired if the device is connected via DHCP) I would rather redirection to be Interface(en0) based or on MAC address (The best solution since my device has unique MAC address)? Thanks

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• What is the max supported number of SATA devices (using cable adapters) on a Dell SAS 6/iR adapter?

  - by Zac B

  I've got a Dell SAS 6/iR PCI-E adapter. I don't have a multiplier backplane. I'm planning on connecting SATA (non SAS) drives. If I buy cable adapters only (ones that split a SAS connector on the card to a certain number of SATA cables), how many drives can I connect to this card? The way I see it, there are two limitations: a limitation imposed by the theoretical max number of devices supported on the card (which I've dug through the specs to find, but haven't seen yet), and a limitation imposed by the number of SAS plugs on the card multiplied by the number of SATA cables that come out of the highest-multiplying splitter I can buy. The answer to my question would be the minimum of those two limitations. I've seen 4x SATA coming out of some splitters; are there any that have more? Alternatively, if this is an RTFM question, does anyone have a good link to a "this is how SAS works, this is how you figure out the max number of devices, and this is how the concepts of 'ports', 'lanes', 'endpoint devices', and 'connectors' all relate in SAS-land" document? I've looked around on the Dell docs, but haven't found anything that explains this to someone at my level of understanding of SAN/enterprise storage technologies. Cheers!

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• Corrupted NTFS Drive showing multiple unallocated partitions

  - by volting

  My external hdd with a single NTFS partition was accidentaly plugged out (kids!)... and is now corrupted. Iv tried running ntfsfix - with no luck - output below.. When I look at the disk under disk management in Windows 7 it shows up as having 5 partitions 2 of which are unallocated - none have drive letters and it is not possible to set any (that option and most others are greyed out) - so I can't run chkdsk /f Iv tried using Minitool partition wizard which was mentioned as a solution to another similar question here. It showed the whole drive as one partition, but as unallocated, and the option -- "Check File System" was greyout. Is there anything else I could try ? Output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500299395072 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930272256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytest I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x69205244 This doesn't look like a partition table Probably you selected the wrong device. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 ? 218129509 1920119918 850995205 72 Unknown /dev/sdb2 ? 729050177 1273024900 271987362 74 Unknown /dev/sdb3 ? 168653938 168653938 0 65 Novell Netware 386 /dev/sdb4 2692939776 2692991410 25817+ 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order Output of ntfsfix me@vaio:/dev$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb Mounting volume... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Attempting to correct errors... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Failed to startup volume: Input/output error Checking for self-located MFT segment... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument OK ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk. Options available with MiniTool: Related questions: How to fix a damaged/corrupted NTFS filesystem/partition without losing the data on it? Repair corrupted NTFS File System

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• Upgrade Centos 5 tot PHP 5.2 or 5.3 [recommended way?]

  - by solid

  We are using Zend Framework and in version 2, php 5.2 will be the minimum requirement. We love CentOS and we'd like to keep using it, but PHP 5.1 just won't do anymore when developing web applications with Zend framework. I found several links to solutions to upgrade with external repositories. http://serverfault.com/questions/106801/recommended-method-to-upgrade-php-5-1-6-to-5-2-x-on-centos-5 http://www.webtatic.com/blog/2009/05/installing-php-526-on-centos-5/ http://www.webtatic.com/blog/2009/06/php-530-on-centos-5/ We'd like to see another solution with the use of an "official?" CentOS repository if any is available. We only need to upgrade PHP, the rest of the CentOS setup is fine the way it is. For us, it's important however to keep the YUM cycle intact using the normal repositories. So in short: is it even possible to upgrade only PHP by using an external repo or otherwise? While still upgrading all our other packages safely through normal yum usage? Thanks for your help!

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• Messed up partitions... system will not boot!

  - by someguy

  I did a really dumb thing. cfdisk threw an error at me saying "FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 3: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder", so I installed Partition Table Doctor to see if I could fix the problem. When the program started up, it told me there were problems with my partitions, and asked if I wanted them fixed (cannot remember real message, but I believe it had something to do with the cylinder boundaries), so, blindly, without thinking of the consequences, I did. Now, my system will not boot. I tried booting from the Windows 7 installation CD. I went to install a fresh copy, but it said that "No drives were found". I then opened up diskpart. According to diskpart, there is only one partition, containing one volume, assigned the letter "C". Before, I had four partitions! It is also saying that the file system is RAW. Is there any way I can fix this? I have important data that I do not want to lose. Later on... I tried fdisk with the option -l, which lists the partition table(s), and this is what I got: Ignoring extra extended partition 4 Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 64 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x163df116 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 6 18 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 18 7851 62918572+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 13073 30402 139196416 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda3 13073 30402 139196416 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda3 13073 30403 139203193 7 HPFS/NTFS I don't know if this will help, but it's extra information, at least. Also, this is how I had my partitions: 40MB (Unallocated) 100MB (System Reserved) 60GB (Windows, C:) 40GB (Was reserved for secondary OS) ~132GB (Home, E:)

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• Unable to connect via NetBIOS Name

  - by grom

  I can't connect to machines/shares by NetBIOS names. Below is console output showing the problem. C:\>nbtstat -n Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] NetBIOS Local Name Table Name Type Status --------------------------------------------- BEAST <00> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered BEAST <20> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered WORKGROUP <1D> UNIQUE Registered ..__MSBROWSE__.<01> GROUP Registered C:\>nbtstat -A 192.168.1.3 Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table Name Type Status --------------------------------------------- BRCLAPTOP <00> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered BRCLAPTOP <20> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered MAC Address = 00-1C-BF-14-B8-6E C:\>ping beast Pinging beast [fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Ping statistics for fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\>ping brclaptop Ping request could not find host brclaptop. Please check the name and try again. C:\>nbtstat -a brclaptop Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] Host not found.

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• Desktop Provisioning for a Small Linux Software Development Team

  - by deakblue

  Goal: Get a small team using a standard development image rather than 4 software devs setting up their own environments. Why: it takes a day or days to install a distro, build-specific libraries, tools like editors and IDEs, mysql, couchdb, java, maven, python, android-sdk, etc. It's a giant PITA that when repeated 4 times by 4 developers (not sys admins) wastes time and generates annoying divergences that crop up later (it-builds-on-my-box syndrome). There's no sharing of productivity, settings, tricks, scripts, set-ups. Some of this is helped by segregating the build systems into headless virtualbox images. This doesn't really address tooling though or the GUI-desktop dev that needs doing. So I see three basic strategies, ghosting, virtualization, and finally creating a kind of in-house linux distro (I guess Google does something like this). The target dev environment is based on Debian OpenBox and must allow a mix of 3rd gen Core i7 notebooks 8GB-minimum to work both single and multihead. Important, the lappies are not the same, but a mix of 2012 macbooks and PCs. So: virtualization: is doing all of your work within a VM, like VirtualBox, practical on this hardware or annoying. ghosting: will laptops from different manufacturers make this impractical. DIY distro: short of scripting a bunch of package installs, I don't know if there's any "distro-maker" that could keep this from being an epic project of scripting package installs. So any advice?

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• Not able to access Silverlight.net and ONLY Silverlight.net - All other domains work!

  - by Sootah

  Alrighty folks, I have an extremely odd problem. I am able to surf the web fine with one odd (and really annoying at the moment) exception: Microsoft's Silverlight.net. Every other site that I go to works just fine. This is quite frustrating because I'm in the middle of programming a web app in Silverlight 4.0, and whenever I do a search for any code examples, tutorials, or whatnot at least 50% of the results are hosted in the silverlight.net forums. The error message that I get is: Oops! Google Chrome could not find www.silverlight.net It doesn't work in my other browsers either (both IE and FireFox). What's odd, is that while the error message would lead me to assume it's a DNS error, I can ping the URL just fine. C:\Users\The Doot>ping silverlight.net Reply from 206.72.125.201: bytes=32 time=106ms TTL=106 Reply from 206.72.125.201: bytes=32 time=106ms TTL=106 Reply from 206.72.125.201: bytes=32 time=106ms TTL=106 Reply from 206.72.125.201: bytes=32 time=106ms TTL=106 Ping statistics for 206.72.125.201: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 103ms, Maximum = 110ms, Average = 106ms I've checked my HOSTS file, and there's nothing that refers to ANY Microsoft URL in there. What could be causing this!?? More importantly, how do I fix it? Just for kicks, I've even included the results of a traceroute here for your enjoyment. OS: Windows 7 Ultimate Thanks in advance! -Sootah

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• dd on entire disk, but do not want empty portion

  - by Jonathan Henson

  I have a disk, say /dev/sda. Here is fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000e4b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 27 209920 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 27 525 4000768 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda5 27 353 2621440 83 Linux /dev/sda6 353 405 416768 83 Linux /dev/sda7 405 490 675840 83 Linux /dev/sda8 490 525 282624 83 Linux I need to make an image to store on our file server for use in flashing other devices we are manufacturing so I only want the used space (only about 4gb). I want to keep the mbr etc... as this device should be boot ready as soon as the copy is finished. Any ideas? I previously had been using dd if=/dev/sda of=[//fileserver/file], but at that time, my master copy was on a 4gb flash ide.

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• a disk read error occurred [closed]

  - by kellogs

  Hi, ¨a disk read error occurred¨ appears on screen after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB. [root@localhost linux]# fdisk -lu Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48424841 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 204214271 102107104+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 204214272 255606783 25696256 af HFS / HFS+ Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 255606784 276488191 10440704 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda4 276490179 312576704 18043263 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 276490240 286709759 5109760 83 Linux /dev/sda6 286712118 310488254 11888068+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 310488318 312576704 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris sda is a 160GB hard disk with quite a few partitions and 3 OSes installed. I am able to boot into Linux and Mac OS fine, but not into Windows anymore. The Windows system is located on /dev/sda1. I can not recall how exactly have I used testdisk but it once said that ¨The harddisk /dev/sda (160GB / 149 GB) seems too small! (< 172GB / 157GB)¨ or something simillar. So far I have tried to ¨fixboot¨ and ¨chkdsk¨ from a recovery console on the affected windows partition (/dev/sda1), the plug off power cord for 15 seconds trick, reinstalling GRUB, repairing the MFT and boot sector of the affected partition via testdisk, what next please ? Thank you!

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• data transfer rate anomaly (internet)

  - by Nrew

  I tested my internet speed at speedtest.net. And go the result. .42Mbps Download and .21 Upload rate. My classmate got the same download speed of .42Mbps but has .87Mbps upload rate. Does upload rate affect the transfer rate?Because even though we got the same download speed. His transfer rate is about 100kbps downloading a movie from a torrent. And mine is only about 47kbps. Also the same torrent. And even direct download its always 47kbps. Is it possible to tweak something in order to have higher transfer rates. Other details: Were also both using the same ISP. The same slow ISP. And it seems that he's getting the most out of his connection even if his plan is lower than mine. I just don't know why I'm a loser at this. And when I try to complain to the ISP. They say that I'm getting the minimum speed and its okay. That really sucks. And I'm not using any router, so is he. The computer is directly connected to the internet using the modem provided by the ISP.

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• How do I lower the hardware volume? (volume too high)

  - by Zom-B

  I have a 4yo Dell laptop with Windows XP Pro (modern ones unfortunately don't have a physical volume knob), and lately I'm using my Apple earphones, because they have much better low frequency response than my $10 earphones. They also have the side effect of being much louder. To give an indication of my agony, for most tasks (movie, music, games) I have my main volume at 3 ticks: drag to 0 with the mouse and press the up key 3 times (the handle does not even raise 1 pixel) and my wave volume at 50%. I notice that when I do this, I have a lot of digital noise, because I'm using just a tiny fraction of the 16-bit space. If I drag the Wave slider down until I barely hear the audio, it becomes really distorted and noisy, indicating that this is digital volume (in the DirectSound driver or something) and not hardware volume. I experimented in Audition. When I make a tone of 1000Hz at -50db, (all windows volumes at max) the volume is just below my pain threshold. When I zoom in to see how high the sample values reach, I see that just 8 of the 16 bits are used (about -100 ~ 100). When I generate such tone at -80db (minimum I can specify) then I can still clearly hear the tone, although really noisy. When I zoom in, I see that just 3 out of 16 bits are used. I created a squarewave tone that is just 1 bit high, and I can still hear it! For most uses, this is not a big problem (audiophiles will disagree!), as I just have more noise than usual (about the same as old 8 bit hardware), but I'm also in the process of programming a hearing test program, in which case this problem is a death blow as the test subjects will even hear tones at the bottom of the theoretical range (lowering the windows volume is futile, see above) (I cannot update drivers, as Dell has discontinued XP support for my model)

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• How can I configure Samba to share (read/write) any folder with root permissions?

  - by Mike Toews

  I have a CentOS 5 VirtualBox guest on a Win7x64 host. I am attempting to setup a read/write share a directory owned by root with my Windows host using Samba, but I'm having no luck after running around in circles. To simplify matters, I've disabled my Firewall (/etc/init.d/iptables stop). As security and permissions are irrelevant for this purpose, I'd rather not have to set up another unix user/group/password. Here is the output from testparm Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf rlimit_max: rlimit_max (1024) below minimum Windows limit (16384) Processing section "[Guest Share]" Loaded services file OK. Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE and the source of /etc/samba/smb.conf: [global] workgroup = WRKGRP netbios name = SMBSERVER security = SHARE load printers = No [Guest Share] comment = Guest access share path = /root/src read only = No guest ok = Yes Running /etc/init.d/smb restart shows an OK status. However, on my Windows host, I can only see the share folder on the guest \\IPv4, but I cannot go into "Guest Share": "The network name cannot be found" error message is a common error, with a likely cause: The user you are trying to access the share with does not have sufficient permissions to access the path for the share. Both read (r) and access (x) should be possible. Am I trying to use root as a passwordless Samba guest? I'd like to, is it possible? How can I configure Samba to share (read/write) any folder with root permissions?

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• Backup data from RAID 1 disk out of its server

  - by Doomsday

  I'm facing with a pretty easy problem in my opinion. I've extracted a working disk from a RAID1 and I'm looking to copy only data (FS and RAID configuration doesn't matter) into another location (another FS). My problem is I'm not able to mount properly this disk into another linux. I've first looked the partition table : # fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1249535699 624767818+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 1249535700 1250017649 240975 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1250017650 1250258624 120487+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris I've understood I should use dmraid tools. Once installed : # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : md0 : inactive sdc1[1](S) 624767744 blocks unused devices: <none> And some other informations : # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 8f292f54:7e5aef72:7e5ab5fd:b348fd05 Creation Time : Mon Jun 2 03:39:41 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Array Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Tue Feb 7 22:34:59 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : a505b324 - correct Events : 15148 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 From here, I've tried to mount but I'm not comfortable with dmtools and how it's working. # mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 mount: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member' # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/sdc1 mount: /dev/md0: can't read superblock I've seen some options to alter RAID array with mdadm but I only want to copy data on its filesystem before wiping them... Anyone has a clue ?

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• xrandr fails when 3rd monitor has higher resolution

  - by Pi3cH

  I tried many combinations with xrandr command under lubuntu 12.04 to setup my three monitors DVI (DELL 1) left detected as HDMI1 HDMI (LG E2290) middle detected as HDMI2 VGA (DELL 2) right detected as VGA1 I can get the display with fix 1280x1024 on all the monitors. But once I setup 1280x1024 + 1920x1080 + 1280x1024, I get blank screen on all the monitors. Sometimes it throws crts fail error instead of blanking out. Anyone have similar issues? any solutions/workarounds? P.S. I can setup two monitors using 1280x1280 and 1920x1080 P.S.S. HDMI2 required at least 1920x1080 to display sharp picture. Outputs (it seems graphic card supports up to 8192x8192): xrandr Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3840 x 1024, maximum 8192 x 8192 VGA1 connected 1280x1024+2560+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 338mm x 270mm 1280x1024 60.0*+ 75.0 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 HDMI1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 376mm x 301mm 1280x1024 60.0*+ 75.0 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 HDMI2 connected 1280x1024+1280+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm 1920x1080 60.0 + 1680x1050 60.0 1280x1024 75.0 60.0* 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 3 CRTs (0,1 VGA, 0,1,2 for other HDMI) xrandr --verbose VGA1 connected 1280x1024+2560+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 338mm x 270mm Identifier: 0x42 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 0 CRTCs: 0 1 ... HDMI1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 376mm x 301mm Identifier: 0x43 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 1 CRTCs: 0 1 2 ... HDMI2 connected 1280x1024+1280+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm Identifier: 0x44 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 2 CRTCs: 0 1 2 Below command fails: xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --output HDMI2 --auto --left-of VGA1 --output HDMI1 --auto --left-of HDMI2 Below command passes: xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --output HDMI2 --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60.0 --left-of VGA1 --output HDMI1 --auto --left-of HDMI2 Graphic card VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller (rev 09)

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• Debian Wheezy (testing) df reported volume size

  - by TheRoadrunner

  I am a bit confused about the /dev/sda* references since I installed Wheezy instead of Squeeze on a testing box. fdisk -l returns: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e9623 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 480278527 240138240 83 Linux /dev/sda2 480280574 488396799 4058113 5 Extended /dev/sda5 480280576 488396799 4058112 82 Linux swap / Solaris This seems correct. But df -h /dev/sda (and /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda5) returns: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev The same happens with every entry under /dev/disk/by-id and /dev/disk/by-path. Only one of two entries under /dev/disk/by-uuid returns the correct volume size: df -h /dev/disk/by-uuid/cacdbad6-7e6b-4e80-84ba-e3c77ef48796 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/disk/by-uuid/cacdbad6-7e6b-4e80-84ba-e3c77ef48796 229G 22G 196G 11% / Contents of /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=cacdbad6-7e6b-4e80-84ba-e3c77ef48796 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=45840d13-ee36-4e77-8e73-16cbdff25eb1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0 It seems all other references than the uuid points to the swap partition. Is this because Wheezy is in testing, and should it be reported as an error?

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• Google Apps: MX records for zonefile

  - by 23tux

  Hi everybody, I have a question about using Google Apps for handling emails. I don't want to set up a whole entire mail system on my server, so I decided to use Google Apps. The ownership of my domain is approved, and now I'm trying to change the MX records in the zone file of my domain. But I think I'm doing wrong, it doesn't work. I want to use mail.mydomain.com as a adress to the mail server for POP, SMTP and IMAP. My zone file looks like this: $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns1.first-ns.de. postmaster.robot.first-ns.de. ( 2011011700 ; serial 14400 ; refresh 1800 ; retry 604800 ; expire 86400 ) ; minimum @ IN NS robotns3.second-ns.com. @ IN NS robotns2.second-ns.de. @ IN NS ns1.first-ns.de. @ IN A 111.111.111.111 localhost IN A 127.0.0.1 www IN A 111.111.111.111 ftp IN CNAME www loopback IN CNAME localhost mail IN CNAME @ relay IN CNAME www @ IN MX 10 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ IN MX 10 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. I hope someone can figure out, what's wrong with this configuration. When I start a ping on mail.mydomain.org I get an answer from 111.111.111.111 and not from the google server ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. thx, tux

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• Linux file server for an inexperienced admin

  - by Pat

  A charity I volunteer for wants a file server for their mostly Windows machines (about five XP and 7 machines, with some Mac laptops every now and then). For the server, I have a PC with an Intel Core 2 Duo 3GHz proc, 4GB of DDR2 400MHz RAM, and a 500 GB HDD. (I should point out that they do not currently have any server - they are just using Windows to share a folder on one of the PCs.) What is a linux distro that is easy to configure for Windows file serving yet stable and secure enough to protect sensitive data without an expert sysadmin? I'm guessing that a Debian distro would probably fit the security bill, but I don't know of any tailored to novice sysadmins. Also, are there any killer apps for making this easy to administer and set up (as a Windows file server, in particular - this answer is a good example)? Would FreeNAS be sufficient? Once it's all set up, what are the minimum measures I need to take to keep the data secure? I found this somewhat helpful answer, but it's not specific to my question of just getting a secure file server up, running, and maintained.

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• Formal separation marker of syslog events?

  - by Server Horror

  I've been looking at RFC5424 to find the formally specified marker that will end a syslog event. Unfortunately I couldn't find it. So If I wanted to implement some small syslog server that reacts on certain messages what is the marker that ends a message (yes commonly an event is a single line, but I just couldn't find it in the specification) Clarification: I call it event because I associate a message with a single line. An event could possibly be some thing like Type: foo Source: webservers whereas a message to me is this: Type: foo Source: webservers http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5424#section-6 defines: SYSLOG-MSG = HEADER SP STRUCTURED-DATA [SP MSG] neither STRUCTURED-DATA nor MSG tell me how these fields end. Especially MSG is defined as as MSG-ANY / MSG-UTF8 which expands to virtually anything. There's nothing that says a newline marks the end (or an 8 or an a for that matter). Given the example messages (section 6.5): This is one valid message, or 2 valid messages depending on wether you say that a HEADER element must never occur in any MSG element: literal whitespace <34>1 2003-10-11T22:14:15.003Z mymachine.example.com su - ID47 - <34>1 2003-10-11T22:14:15.003Z mymachine.example.com su - ID47 | is this an end marker? \t stands for a tab <34>1 2003-10-11T22:14:15.003Z mymachine.example.com su - ID47 -\t<34>1 2003-10-11T22:14:15.003Z mymachine.example.com su - ID47 | is this an end marker? \n stands for a newline <34>1 2003-10-11T22:14:15.003Z mymachine.example.com su - ID47 -\n<34>1 2003-10-11T22:14:15.003Z mymachine.example.com su - ID47 | is this an end marker? Either I'm misreading the RFC or there just isn't any mention. The sizes specified in the RFC just say what the minimum length is expected that I can work with...

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