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  • What user information is exposed via a browser?

    - by ipso
    Is there a function or website that can collect and display ALL of the user information that can be obtained via a browser? Background: This of course does not account for the significant cross-reference abilities of large corporations to collate multiple sources and signals from users across various properties, but it's a first step. Ghostery is just a great idea; to show people all of the surreptitious scripts that run on any given website. But what information is available – what is the total set of values stored – that those scripts can collect from? If you login to a search engine and stay logged in but leave their tab, is that company still collecting your webpage viewing and activity from other tabs? Can past or future inputs to pages be captured – say comments on another website? What types of activities are stored as variables in the browser app that can be collected? This is surely a highly complex question, given to countless user scenarios – but my whole point is to be able to cut through all that – and just show the total set of data available at any given point in time. Then you can A/B test and see what is available with in a fresh session with one tab open vs. the same webpage but with 12 tabs open, and a full day of history to boot. (Latest Firefox & Chrome – on Win7, Win8 or Mint13 – although I'd like to think that won't make too much of a difference. Make assumptions. Simple is better.)

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  • Website hosted on my virtualbox web server not displaying images or applying css when viewed through phone

    - by WebweaverD
    I would really appreciate it if someone could help me. Please let me know if you need more info in the comments. My Set Up I have a windows 7 pc. On it I run a virtual box VM with a ubuntu 12 guest os and LAMP setup. I share files between the two machines using samba from linux to windows and using windows file sharing (Workgroup) the other way round. The vm is set up with a bridged network adapter and can happily serve web pages to my host machine. I use DHCP reservations on my home wireless router/modem to reserve an ip for the vm and give it a sitename.dev in my windows host file so I can access it at sitename.dev through the browser. The Problem So far so good but I have a dev project which needs a lot of mobile template development, now obviously I can use a browser plugin to simulate a mobile device but I would like to be able to see the real thing easily on my phone during development. So ideally I would like a similar setup on my iphone to my windows setup Now I'm not great on networking and dont have much experience with web server set up. So when I typed the ip of my virtual box into my iphone i wasnt expecting to see anything. I was pleasantly surprised when my site loaded up. The javascript even seems to be running but the images and css are not happening. My Question 1) What is happening here, is it something to do with the bridged set up on the vm network? 2)How do I make the sites load properly through my phone Notes I've also tried another phone. The same sites viewed on live servers work fine.

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  • Can Dovecot IMAP automatically create Maildir folders for new (virtual) users?

    - by user233441
    everyone. I am learning to set up a dovecot home IMAP server using a virtual Ubuntu 12.04 machine. My intention is eventually to have a home server that uses POP3 to take email from several addresses and remove them from my ISP's servers, while making them accessible through a home IMAP server (this is similar to the setup described at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/POP3Aggregator, which explains how to set up the system with dovecot version 1, and is thus outdated). I intend to use the ISP's server directly when sending messages, and to BCC all sent messages to myself. I've completed the basic set up of the test server: getmail uses POP3 to fetch messages from two test email accounts, and successfully delivers them to the respective Maildir-style new folders on the virtual machine. Dovecot then successfully sees these messages. I have two questions: 1) I had to set up new, cur, and tmp folders for both of the test accounts manually to get this setup to work. Is there a way to get dovecot to create these Maildir folders automatically when I create a new virtual user account (e.g., when I add a user and password combination to my dovecot password file), or is it expected that I write a bash script to automate that task? 2) I would welcome any comments you have on how this approach could be improved as I learn to set it up. My motivations with this approach are 1) to enable archiving/storing emails from several hosting providers that impose a cap on server storage, and 2) to give me somewhat greater control over email storage without requiring that I set up and administrate a mail server from scratch (which I'm not yet prepared to do) (this follows the recommendations at https://ssd.eff.org/tech/email). Thank you!

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  • How can I get Windows to apply its settings?

    - by Jouke van der Maas
    I have a computer with a major problem; it gives a blue screen when the login screen loads. I've been using this guide to troubleshoot the issue, and now I've run into a problem. I have determined the issue is not bad memory or a bad hard drive. According to the guide, this means the problem is in the OS. I've tried to follow the steps, but Windows (Vista SP1) somehow doesn't remember any changes. On every reboot, the computer is in exactly the same state it was in before. Any changes to system settings or files won't be recorded. As this means I can't check what is causing the problem, I can't fix my PC. Is there a way to find out what's causing this? Is it just a mode Windows goes into to protect itself, or is it some other problem? Anything to help troubleshoot will be of great help here. PS. I'm kind of new to this site. If I messed up, please tell me in the comments.

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  • Creating dynamic map graphs

    - by Mehper C. Palavuzlar
    I need a software (or softwares) to achieve the following. I'm not sure if it could be done, but I'd like to hear the suggestions from super users. The data I want to use for graphing purposes include sales figures of magazines by provinces. There are 81 provinces of Turkiye, and I want the computer to automatically paint / write on a graph according to the sales magnitude of the provinces. Since there are loads of magazines with loads of issues, the process must be executed automatically just after selecting the related magazine and issue. So there will be graphs showing the sales weight of the whole country with some nice illustrations. Those graphs might be used as part of some decision support mechanism to help field teams. Is it possible? I have all the data and base maps of Turkiye to be filled/painted. I'm sure this is not easy. If there is a way to do that, it might probably include more than one software. Thanks in advance for any valuable comments and answers.

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  • How does Safari's Reader work and when does it show up?

    - by TestSubject528491
    Safari's Reader feature is a cool little app that displays a web page as a newspaper article --- without all the distracting sidebars, comments, and ads. Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't, and I'm wondering how "it knows when to show up." On my personal website, one of the pages has this option. You can click the Reader button in the URL bar and it is displayed beautifully like a page in an iBook. However, none of my other web pages (on the same site) do this. I thought it had something to do with the <article> tag, but I removed that and it still works. Anyone know how this app works? Also, does anyone know of any Chrome extensions that are just like this? Google Reader is not the same thing. PS: From the cited Apple website: Safari Reader As you browse the web, Safari detects if you are on a web page with an article. Click the Reader button that appears in the Smart Address Field and an elegant view of the article appears — without any distracting content. Not much help, is it?

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  • NTbackup doesn't complete on system state

    - by Joe Majsterski
    I have a Windows 2003 server that is running a semi-custom backup task. The scheduled task calls NTbackup with a few switches depending on whether it is a full or incremental backup. Most of the time, the NTbackup completes fine, and the wrapper then appends the NTbackup log into its own log before adding a few final comments and completing. The problem I am having is that sometimes, NTbackup seems to just... blank out. It always completes backup of the C: and E: drives, but then it will start the system state and not add any more messages into the event log saying it completed that. And the NTbackup log is left empty, since it doesn't write anything to the log until all the backup tasks are complete. This is causing the wrapper to append no text into its own log. That causes problems for us because we read the information out of that log to determine whether backups are failing. The wrapper task also reports that it is completing normally in the event log. Anyone ever seen a case where system state doesn't complete consistently? To be clear, the server is not logging any error messages anywhere. It's just not seeming to complete or log anything.

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  • Network Sniffing and Hubs

    - by Chris_K
    This will likely seem naive to the experts... but it has been on my mind lately. For years I've been using ntop and a cheap 4 port hub to sniff client networks to determine who's doing what -- and how much. Great way to see what's going on when they call and say "Geeze, the network seems really slow today." No need to bring in a managed switch (or access the existing one) and no need to configure spanning or mirroring. I just drop in the hub inline where I want to measure. Lately I noticed it is just about impossible to buy a real honest-to-goodness hub anymore. While looking for a new one, I had someone tell me that I should be sure to get a full-duplex hub or I'd only be seeing half the traffic when I monitor. Really? I've been using a crusty old Netgear DS104 all this time. No clue if it is half or FD. Have I really been understating my measurements? I'm just not bright enough about the physical layer to really know... Side note: Just ordered a Dualcomm Ethernet Switch TAP as a hub replacement. Seems like a nifty gadget. Any notes or tips about it would be welcome in the comments :-)

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  • windows 7 clock jumps back about every hour + internet disconnects

    - by IlyaD
    I have the weirdest problem, for the last few days every hour or so (not exact) the clock jumps about back in jumps of 15 to 60 minutes and after some time the internet disconnects. i can reconnect the internet by unplugging and plugging back the network cable. This is the second time this problem happens to me, the first time was when I installed VirtualBox. whaen I removed it the problem was gone. This time I have no idea what triggered it, the only thing I installed about the time the problem started was iTunes update (10.5.1) I tried removing it but the problem remained. (also tried to remove other programs i installed day or 2 before and it also didn't help) also, this is not a VM and currently I don't have any VM software. any ideas..? UPDATE since the solution is in the comments i'll write it here - apparently the windows time service got broken, this is the fix: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc738995(WS.10).aspx (run "fix it" from IE browser only) UPDATE 2 The fix didn't work, about 2 hours passed and first the internet disconnected and then the clock jumped back... This probably means that the problem is not only in the clock

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  • Cant get squid proxy to work

    - by danielgratz
    i need squid proxy on my centos server. But i just can't get it to work. I did yum install squid. Here is my squid.conf file (i removed all comments): acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 acl Safe_ports port 21 acl Safe_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 70 acl Safe_ports port 210 acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 acl Safe_ports port 280 acl Safe_ports port 488 acl Safe_ports port 591 acl Safe_ports port 777 acl CONNECT method CONNECT acl our_networks src 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 http_access allow our_networks http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager http_access deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow localhost http_access deny all icp_access allow all http_port 3128 hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? access_log /var/log/squid/access.log squid acl QUERY urlpath_regex cgi-bin \? cache deny QUERY refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 acl apache rep_header Server ^Apache broken_vary_encoding allow apache coredump_dir /var/spool/squid Then i just put my server's public ip and port 3128 into my web browsers proxy settings... but it isn't working i can't visit any website. Please help. Thanks.

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  • Does Google sometimes ignore "special" characters, possibly depending on your location or font type settings? [closed]

    - by RLH
    TLDR Google tends to ignore special characters in my search strings. Is there anything that I can do about it and is it, possibly, happening because Google makes certain assumptions based off of my default text-encoding settings and my location? I just posted this question over at StackOverflow. I had found a C preprocessor that I'd never seen before. As I should have done, I Googled it and tried to find out further information. I attempted various search terms which were all variations of "C Operator ##" (some times with and some times without the double-quotes.) Google didn't bring back anything of use so I posted my question on SO. As you can see from the comments, someone mentioned a search string (ironically one which I did try to search) and stated that I could have even hit the "I'm feeling lucky" button and have gotten my answer. The problem is I did search that, and the results that I received were far more basic and even after following the top results and searching the resulting pages, I could find nothing referencing the string "##". I'm not posting this question to complain but it does provide an empirical example of something I've seen before that really bugs me-- Google often ignores special characters in my search strings and the results are often useless. As a developer I often need to search for string values containing non-alphanumeric characters. Some characters (like the underscore or hyphen) can be used without trouble. However, other characters (such as the ampersand, carat, tilde and pound sign) are often ignored in my query strings. Is there a way to prevent this from happening so that I can get meaningful results from Google? NOTE I stay logged into Google and I live in the US. I wonder if Google detects some form of text-encoding setting or derives my results based off of certain, localized text-based assumptions. Regardless, I would like to for Google to search for what I give it. Is there anything that I can do to improve my results?

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  • Application Screen Repainting Issues

    - by Jeff Sheldon
    I have this issue lately at work. It drives be nuts, and I finally stopped to ask this question. It's quite often that an application I've been running just randomly fails to repaint itself for a while, usually in the editor screen. I most often see this occurring with Expression Web, Visual Studio 2008/2010 and SQL Server Management studio. These applications are what I work in the most, so I'm not surprised to mostly see it here. But I was curious if anyone else had a solution for this. I've tried: Reboots. The screen shot below is about 10 minutes after a reboot. New Video Drivers. This machine is running a Nvidia Quadro NVS 290 video card with the latest drivers. Closing other applications, this is the only thing running right now. As far as hardware, this machine has Dual Quad-Core Xeon 2.83ghz Processors, with 10 gigs of memory, running Windows XP SP3 64bit. Any help would be great. JNK EDIT: Per comments from deleted (wrong) answer: I'm running dual monitors. Set it to single display, still occurred. Rebooted, and tried it again, and it still occurred. Switched it back to dual screen. My resolution is only 1400x900 on each.

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  • What should I encrypt in Debian during install?

    - by ianfuture
    I have seen various guides and recommendations on web about how best to do this but nothing that clearly explains the best way and why. So I understand there is a need for part of Debian during install to be un-encrypted on its own partition to allow it to boot. Most info I have seen is call this /boot and set the boot flag. Next I believe the best approach is to create another partition out of all the rest of the disk space, encrypt this, then on top of that create a LVM and then within the LVM create my various partitions , name them , select size, and file system type. Can I include /swap in the encrypted LVM part ? Is this approach sound? If so what are the partitions I should use (this is going to be a minimal server install with a view to install as and when what I need for a dev server)? Finally how does the installer know what to put in each partition I define ? I appreciate there are more than one question but any help and suggestions would be appreciated. If further clarification is needed please mention in the comments . EDIT : 16/3/2010 After Richard Holloways reply I thought it relevant to add this info: The reasons why I want to do this are to explore maximising security on any server install and set up, due to interest in the area of Computer Security and Forensics. Also I am trying to peform the task as if it being performed in an enterprise situation. On a technical matter, once set up and configured with minimal packages and ssh this server will not physically be easy to access so I will only be entering via ssh. (Yes I know why encrypt something no one will ever be able to get their hands on? Because I can and I want to is the simple answer, but see above too).

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  • Fake demostration software for command line

    - by Joe
    I'm looking for some software that would be useful for giving demonstrations. I regularly have to show the effects of scrips ect to classes while talking about their effects, and equaly regularly I have finger trouble and have to rewrite various commands - wasting class time and general energy. I'd like to be able to record a sequence of commands in advance, and then play them back at the speed of my choosing. So I might have a file that containes the commands: echo "hello world!" ls ls -l ls -l | sort I'd like to be able to play these commands back by typing similar ones in. So I'd have a blinking command prompt and if I typed 'echo "hxxx' the command prompt would read home$echo "hell and if I typed any other letters the terminal would fill up with the remainder of the command until I press enter, when it executes the command. The point is that even if I screw up the command when typing it, the command that I'd prepared in advance would be executed. My question is - does similar software exist for giving demonstrations? or even, is this an easy thing to script up...? EDIT - two quick things first of all I'm on osx - but it would be nice to get a general solution for other people who arrive here from google. and second a lot of the comments/answers are concentrating on, in effect, making it fast and easy to enter long commands by means of hotkeys and the like. Actually I'd like it to at least look like I'm typing live - that's why I put in the bit about the one-to-one keymapping, but I don't think I explained that quite as well as I could have...

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  • How to divert traffic based on hostname using HAProxy?

    - by Bosky
    I've had some initial success with HAProxy setting up a bunch of app servers listening on various other ports. I now have another webserver listening on one port, and i'd like to what changes to make to my config to flow traffic by hostname as well. The following is the current setup, assuming: my apache webserver is running at examplecom:8001 my bunch of app servers 0.0.0.0:8081, 0.0.0.0:8082 , 0.0.0.0:8083 global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice maxconn 4096 debug #quiet #user haproxy #group haproxy defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 redispatch maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 listen appservers 0.0.0.0:80 mode http balance roundrobin option httpclose option forwardfor #option httpchk HEAD /check.txt HTTP/1.0 server inst1 0.0.0.0:8081 cookie server01 check inter 2000 fall 3 server inst2 0.0.0.0:8082 cookie server02 check inter 2000 fall 3 server inst3 0.0.0.0:8083 cookie server01 check inter 2000 fall 3 server inst4 0.0.0.0:8084 cookie server02 check inter 2000 fall 3 capture cookie vgnvisitor= len 32 (any other comments on the ^ setup are welcome.) Now I'd like to continue the same above, but in addition in case - if the hostname is myspecialtopleveldomain<dot>com, then would like to flow traffic to example<dot>com:8001 ~B

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  • Does image block (firefox addon) save internet bandwidth usage?

    - by dkjain
    Does image block save internet bandwidth usage. I have a data capped plan from my ISP ( 5GB at 2mbps and thereafter 256 kpbs / pm). I doubt if the addon or other similar addon actually saves bandwidht. Here is my point of view, pls correct if that is wrong. When a request is sent to the server, the server sends out whatever page it's requested to serve with all its text and images etc. So essentially my ISP has made his pipe available for the data to reach me thus he would count those bytes under my data plan. When the data arrives it's all first stored to my browser cache (folder) area which means all the data has actually been received by me/computer using my ISP's pipe. The browser then fetches those data from the cache and displays it. By hitting the stop button or blocking images via ur addon I am just choosing not to display the data which would remain in the cache or eventually be discarded if still on the network pipe after a timeout limit. The point is the data request have been completed by the ISP and so the data would be metered and thus using addon such as image block or hitting stop button while page is loading does not in any way save internet bandwidth. Your comments plz....... Regards dk.

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  • Why still use JPG compression? [closed]

    - by Torben Gundtofte-Bruun
    Back when the JPG image format was introduced, it made a lot of sense to reduce the file size, even accepting a loss in image quality, because files were being downloaded over a slow and expensive modem connection. In today's world, file size is no longer a concern, at least not regarding JPG where it seems silly to save 45kB on a photo. But my image editing apps still prompt me for the desired compression level when I save a file. Does it still make sense to go with the default 85? Why should I not crank it up to 100 for all files? Update based on comments: For web work, I might use PNG instead. But every smartphone and camera produces JPG files. The question arises when I save these edits. Audience is my own harddisk. We're talking photos, 2-5MB apiece. Chroma, subsampling, DCT - sorry, never heard of it. I'm a home user, not Photoshop guru. For the record, I use Paint Shop Pro on Win, and Gimp on Linux.

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  • How and where do you manage your domain names?

    - by Saif Bechan
    In the past several years doing web development I often times needed to buy new domain names. I changed registrars a lot also so over the years I have multiple domain names scattered over different registrars all over the world. Now I want to bring a little structure into my business, and I am at the point that I want to be able to have easy control over my domain names in a convenient way. Does anyone have an idea on what the best way is to give structure on this. I have made some suggestions maybe you can comment on them for me. 1) Just leave it as it is I can leave everything as it is. To make adjustments I have to log into different panels, and for some registrars I have to email the changes. 2) Transfer all the domains to one registar This will cost a lot, about 10 usd per domain name. But if I can find a registar where I have full control over DNS this is worth looking at. Can you give me some comments on how you are doing things now. Maybe also which registrar you prefer on doing things.

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  • Are two periods allowed in the local-part of an email address?

    - by Mike B
    A third-party email gateway relay is refusing to process a message for an email address we're sending to. The address is in the format of [email protected] (note the two periods). Is this allowed by RFC guidelines? RFC 2822 seems to object to this in section 3.4.1: The locally interpreted string is either a quoted-string or a dot-atom. If the string can be represented as a dot-atom (that is, it contains no characters other than atext characters or "." surrounded by atext characters), then the dot-atom form SHOULD be used and the quoted-string form SHOULD NOT be used. Comments and folding white space SHOULD NOT be used around the "@" in the addr-spec. Furthermore, in that same section, it references this: addr-spec = local-part "@" domain local-part = dot-atom / quoted-string / obs-local-part I interpret this to mean that the localpart can have content separated by dots but there cannot be two successive dots, and it cannot start or end with a dot. That being said, I'm not familiar with dot-atom syntax so maybe I'm mistaken here. Can someone please confirm and explain?

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  • How to upgrade iPhone 3G to iOS 5 now that iOS 6 is out? [closed]

    - by mmmshuddup
    My friend has an old iPhone 3G and I wanted to upgrade it to iOS 5 because I had read that the performance is actually better with iOS 5 on that phone in spite of the difference in processor power. The problem is that now that iOS 6 is out, iTunes only gives me the option to upgrade to that. I am a little more leery of iOS 6 knowing that it was launched mostly for the iPhone 5 and since that phone has a way faster processor, I would assume that performance would be an issue on the iPhone 3G. How can I, if possible, upgrade just to iOS 5? Note: I would like to avoid having to jailbreak the phone by all means possible. (It's not mine and I don't want to take the risk with a phone that doesn't belong to me.) EDIT: If anyone knows of a good site to get help on questions like this let me know. Apparently you're allowed to ask questions about iPhones here, just not this. Which is completely utter asinine, but oh well. Anyone with helpful ideas, post in the comments please.

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  • Inexpensive (used) hardware for Xen virtualization test?

    - by Jason Antman
    Virtualization is one of the areas where I could really use some experience. I also run quite a few services (web, mail, dns, etc.) out of my home. Since most of my hardware is getting a bit old (I'm running on stuff that was surplused years ago...) I decided that it's about time I start renewing some things, and also play around with virtualization a bit more. My plan is to setup a SAN box (simple iSCSI target, relatively inexpensive gigE switch), get a pair (for starters) of new servers, and start building some new stuff with Xen, specifically planning on playing with live migration and full virtualization. Does anyone have recommendations for used, older "servers" (really anything in a rack-mount form factor, I'm not too worried about things like iLO/iLOM for the test nodes) that support VT-x/AMD-V? I'm biased to HP, but it looks like they didn't make Proliants with VT-x/Vanderpool processors until G6 (for the DL360) or so, which is way out of my price range. I'm looking in the sub-$300 range (or less, if possible), used, probably Ebay. Any recommendations are greatly appreciated. Edit:And, to catch this before the comments start coming - these are personal systems. I have first-generation Proliants still in use (I got them as corporate surplus in 05, they've been running since then, and probably were running since 01 or 02 prior to being sold). I don't need anything shiny and new - I've got a bunch of old boxes, at least one complete replacement for every model in use, and that's fine for me (and easy on the wallet).

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  • Non-restored Files Corrupted on System Restore

    - by Yar
    I restored OSX 10.6.2 today (was 10.6.3 and not booting) by copying the system over from a backup. The data directories were not touched. In the data directories, I'm seeing some files as 0 bytes, and getting permission-denied errors when copying, even when using sudo cp or the Finder itself. Some programs, differently, take the files at face value and see no permission problems (such as zip), but they see the files as zero bytes, which would be game-over for recovery. cp: .git/objects/fe/86b676974a44aa7f128a55bf27670f4a1073ca: could not copy extended attributes to /eraseme/blah/.git/objects/fe/86b676974a44aa7f128a55bf27670f4a1073ca: Operation not permitted I have tried sudo chown, sudo chmod -R 777 and sudo chflags -R nouchg which do not change the end result. Strangely, this is only affecting my .git directories (perhaps because they start with a period, but renaming them -- which works -- does not change anything). What else can I do to take ownership of these files? Edit: This question comes from StackOverflow because I originally thought it was a GIT problem. It's definitely not (just) GIT. Anyway, this is to help put some of the comments in context.

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  • One Apache server, multiple clients - best practices for config files?

    - by OttaSean
    First time user; please be gentle. :-) (And if you don't like my question I'd be grateful for a comment as to why...) I am doing a contract at a government server shop that provides web services for multiple client groups in other areas of the government. My employer has asked me to look into how other shops, in similar situations, handle configuration files, and whether there are any best practices on the subject. I'm pretty sure there are lots of installations out there running multiple VirtualHosts out of one Apache installation, but surprisingly I couldn't find anything online about how people handle config file layout, so was hoping some of you wise folks on ServerFault might have some thoughts or pointers for me. The current setup - which seems logical to me - is that each client site has its own directory off the root - so: /client/tps-reports/ /client/silly-walks/ /client/ministry-of-magic/ and so on - and each of those directories has a /htdocs, /cgi-bin, and /conf (among others). The main /etc/apache/httpd.conf only contains Include statements (and lots of comments), the last of which is: Include /etc/apache/vhosts/*.conf The vhosts directory contains symlinks: tpsrept.conf - /client/tps-reports/conf/tpsrept.conf sillywk.conf - /client/silly-walks/conf/sillywk.conf mom.conf - /client/ministry-of-magic/mom.conf Each of those .conf files contains the actual NameVirtualHost definition and a gigantic <VirtualHost 192.168.12.34> stanza - which contains all the stuff about the specific site. The idea is that clients have access to what's in their own /client/xx directory, so they can change stuff in the section of the config that is relevant to them. As I mentioned above, that seems fairly logical to me, but I'm wondering if any of you wise folks are aware of potential gotchas with this sort of layout, or any other thoughts on why it is or isn't a good idea. In particular, how do other places do it? Is there a "best practice" for this sort of thing? Many thanks in advance for your time and any thoughts you all might have.

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  • Apache mod_disk_cache on a seperate drive

    - by pavs
    how can I set Apache mod_disk_cache on a separate drive from where the OS/Apache is installed? I have set up this on my apache2.conf: <IfModule mod_cache_disk.c> # cache cleaning is done by htcacheclean, which can be configured in # /etc/default/apache2 # # For further information, see the comments in that file, # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian, and the htcacheclean(8) # man page. # This path must be the same as the one in /etc/default/apache2 CacheRoot /media/cacheHD # This will also cache local documents. It usually makes more sense to # put this into the configuration for just one virtual host. CacheEnable disk / # The result of CacheDirLevels * CacheDirLength must not be higher than # 20. Moreover, pay attention on file system limits. Some file systems # do not support more than a certain number of inodes and # subdirectories (e.g. 32000 for ext3) CacheDirLevels 2 CacheDirLength 1 </IfModule> and it doesn't seem to be caching anything at all. The drive itself is a freshly installed ssd drive formatted with ext4.

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  • Capturing and Transforming ASP.NET Output with Response.Filter

    - by Rick Strahl
    During one of my Handlers and Modules session at DevConnections this week one of the attendees asked a question that I didn’t have an immediate answer for. Basically he wanted to capture response output completely and then apply some filtering to the output – effectively injecting some additional content into the page AFTER the page had completely rendered. Specifically the output should be captured from anywhere – not just a page and have this code injected into the page. Some time ago I posted some code that allows you to capture ASP.NET Page output by overriding the Render() method, capturing the HtmlTextWriter() and reading its content, modifying the rendered data as text then writing it back out. I’ve actually used this approach on a few occasions and it works fine for ASP.NET pages. But this obviously won’t work outside of the Page class environment and it’s not really generic – you have to create a custom page class in order to handle the output capture. [updated 11/16/2009 – updated ResponseFilterStream implementation and a few additional notes based on comments] Enter Response.Filter However, ASP.NET includes a Response.Filter which can be used – well to filter output. Basically Response.Filter is a stream through which the OutputStream is piped back to the Web Server (indirectly). As content is written into the Response object, the filter stream receives the appropriate Stream commands like Write, Flush and Close as well as read operations although for a Response.Filter that’s uncommon to be hit. The Response.Filter can be programmatically replaced at runtime which allows you to effectively intercept all output generation that runs through ASP.NET. A common Example: Dynamic GZip Encoding A rather common use of Response.Filter hooking up code based, dynamic  GZip compression for requests which is dead simple by applying a GZipStream (or DeflateStream) to Response.Filter. The following generic routines can be used very easily to detect GZip capability of the client and compress response output with a single line of code and a couple of library helper routines: WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); which is handled with a few lines of reusable code and a couple of static helper methods: /// <summary> ///Sets up the current page or handler to use GZip through a Response.Filter ///IMPORTANT:  ///You have to call this method before any output is generated! /// </summary> public static void GZipEncodePage() {     HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response;     if(IsGZipSupported())     {         stringAcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"];         if(AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))         {             Response.Filter = newSystem.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter,                                        System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress);             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate");         }         else        {             Response.Filter = newSystem.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter,                                       System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress);             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");                            }     }     // Allow proxy servers to cache encoded and unencoded versions separately    Response.AppendHeader("Vary", "Content-Encoding"); } /// <summary> /// Determines if GZip is supported /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsGZipSupported() { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AcceptEncoding) && (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip") || AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))) return true; return false; } GZipStream and DeflateStream are streams that are assigned to Response.Filter and by doing so apply the appropriate compression on the active Response. Response.Filter content is chunked So to implement a Response.Filter effectively requires only that you implement a custom stream and handle the Write() method to capture Response output as it’s written. At first blush this seems very simple – you capture the output in Write, transform it and write out the transformed content in one pass. And that indeed works for small amounts of content. But you see, the problem is that output is written in small buffer chunks (a little less than 16k it appears) rather than just a single Write() statement into the stream, which makes perfect sense for ASP.NET to stream data back to IIS in smaller chunks to minimize memory usage en route. Unfortunately this also makes it a more difficult to implement any filtering routines since you don’t directly get access to all of the response content which is problematic especially if those filtering routines require you to look at the ENTIRE response in order to transform or capture the output as is needed for the solution the gentleman in my session asked for. So in order to address this a slightly different approach is required that basically captures all the Write() buffers passed into a cached stream and then making the stream available only when it’s complete and ready to be flushed. As I was thinking about the implementation I also started thinking about the few instances when I’ve used Response.Filter implementations. Each time I had to create a new Stream subclass and create my custom functionality but in the end each implementation did the same thing – capturing output and transforming it. I thought there should be an easier way to do this by creating a re-usable Stream class that can handle stream transformations that are common to Response.Filter implementations. Creating a semi-generic Response Filter Stream Class What I ended up with is a ResponseFilterStream class that provides a handful of Events that allow you to capture and/or transform Response content. The class implements a subclass of Stream and then overrides Write() and Flush() to handle capturing and transformation operations. By exposing events it’s easy to hook up capture or transformation operations via single focused methods. ResponseFilterStream exposes the following events: CaptureStream, CaptureString Captures the output only and provides either a MemoryStream or String with the final page output. Capture is hooked to the Flush() operation of the stream. TransformStream, TransformString Allows you to transform the complete response output with events that receive a MemoryStream or String respectively and can you modify the output then return it back as a return value. The transformed output is then written back out in a single chunk to the response output stream. These events capture all output internally first then write the entire buffer into the response. TransformWrite, TransformWriteString Allows you to transform the Response data as it is written in its original chunk size in the Stream’s Write() method. Unlike TransformStream/TransformString which operate on the complete output, these events only see the current chunk of data written. This is more efficient as there’s no caching involved, but can cause problems due to searched content splitting over multiple chunks. Using this implementation, creating a custom Response.Filter transformation becomes as simple as the following code. To hook up the Response.Filter using the MemoryStream version event: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformStream += filter_TransformStream; Response.Filter = filter; and the event handler to do the transformation: MemoryStream filter_TransformStream(MemoryStream ms) { Encoding encoding = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding; string output = encoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); output = FixPaths(output); ms = new MemoryStream(output.Length); byte[] buffer = encoding.GetBytes(output); ms.Write(buffer,0,buffer.Length); return ms; } private string FixPaths(string output) { string path = HttpContext.Current.Request.ApplicationPath; // override root path wonkiness if (path == "/") path = ""; output = output.Replace("\"~/", "\"" + path + "/").Replace("'~/", "'" + path + "/"); return output; } The idea of the event handler is that you can do whatever you want to the stream and return back a stream – either the same one that’s been modified or a brand new one – which is then sent back to as the final response. The above code can be simplified even more by using the string version events which handle the stream to string conversions for you: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; and the event handler to do the transformation calling the same FixPaths method shown above: string filter_TransformString(string output) { return FixPaths(output); } The events for capturing output and capturing and transforming chunks work in a very similar way. By using events to handle the transformations ResponseFilterStream becomes a reusable component and we don’t have to create a new stream class or subclass an existing Stream based classed. By the way, the example used here is kind of a cool trick which transforms “~/” expressions inside of the final generated HTML output – even in plain HTML controls not HTML controls – and transforms them into the appropriate application relative path in the same way that ResolveUrl would do. So you can write plain old HTML like this: <a href=”~/default.aspx”>Home</a>  and have it turned into: <a href=”/myVirtual/default.aspx”>Home</a>  without having to use an ASP.NET control like Hyperlink or Image or having to constantly use: <img src=”<%= ResolveUrl(“~/images/home.gif”) %>” /> in MVC applications (which frankly is one of the most annoying things about MVC especially given the path hell that extension-less and endpoint-less URLs impose). I can’t take credit for this idea. While discussing the Response.Filter issues on Twitter a hint from Dylan Beattie who pointed me at one of his examples which does something similar. I thought the idea was cool enough to use an example for future demos of Response.Filter functionality in ASP.NET next I time I do the Modules and Handlers talk (which was great fun BTW). How practical this is is debatable however since there’s definitely some overhead to using a Response.Filter in general and especially on one that caches the output and the re-writes it later. Make sure to test for performance anytime you use Response.Filter hookup and make sure it' doesn’t end up killing perf on you. You’ve been warned :-}. How does ResponseFilterStream work? The big win of this implementation IMHO is that it’s a reusable  component – so for implementation there’s no new class, no subclassing – you simply attach to an event to implement an event handler method with a straight forward signature to retrieve the stream or string you’re interested in. The implementation is based on a subclass of Stream as is required in order to handle the Response.Filter requirements. What’s different than other implementations I’ve seen in various places is that it supports capturing output as a whole to allow retrieving the full response output for capture or modification. The exception are the TransformWrite and TransformWrite events which operate only active chunk of data written by the Response. For captured output, the Write() method captures output into an internal MemoryStream that is cached until writing is complete. So Write() is called when ASP.NET writes to the Response stream, but the filter doesn’t pass on the Write immediately to the filter’s internal stream. The data is cached and only when the Flush() method is called to finalize the Stream’s output do we actually send the cached stream off for transformation (if the events are hooked up) and THEN finally write out the returned content in one big chunk. Here’s the implementation of ResponseFilterStream: /// <summary> /// A semi-generic Stream implementation for Response.Filter with /// an event interface for handling Content transformations via /// Stream or String. /// <remarks> /// Use with care for large output as this implementation copies /// the output into a memory stream and so increases memory usage. /// </remarks> /// </summary> public class ResponseFilterStream : Stream { /// <summary> /// The original stream /// </summary> Stream _stream; /// <summary> /// Current position in the original stream /// </summary> long _position; /// <summary> /// Stream that original content is read into /// and then passed to TransformStream function /// </summary> MemoryStream _cacheStream = new MemoryStream(5000); /// <summary> /// Internal pointer that that keeps track of the size /// of the cacheStream /// </summary> int _cachePointer = 0; /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="responseStream"></param> public ResponseFilterStream(Stream responseStream) { _stream = responseStream; } /// <summary> /// Determines whether the stream is captured /// </summary> private bool IsCaptured { get { if (CaptureStream != null || CaptureString != null || TransformStream != null || TransformString != null) return true; return false; } } /// <summary> /// Determines whether the Write method is outputting data immediately /// or delaying output until Flush() is fired. /// </summary> private bool IsOutputDelayed { get { if (TransformStream != null || TransformString != null) return true; return false; } } /// <summary> /// Event that captures Response output and makes it available /// as a MemoryStream instance. Output is captured but won't /// affect Response output. /// </summary> public event Action<MemoryStream> CaptureStream; /// <summary> /// Event that captures Response output and makes it available /// as a string. Output is captured but won't affect Response output. /// </summary> public event Action<string> CaptureString; /// <summary> /// Event that allows you transform the stream as each chunk of /// the output is written in the Write() operation of the stream. /// This means that that it's possible/likely that the input /// buffer will not contain the full response output but only /// one of potentially many chunks. /// /// This event is called as part of the filter stream's Write() /// operation. /// </summary> public event Func<byte[], byte[]> TransformWrite; /// <summary> /// Event that allows you to transform the response stream as /// each chunk of bytep[] output is written during the stream's write /// operation. This means it's possibly/likely that the string /// passed to the handler only contains a portion of the full /// output. Typical buffer chunks are around 16k a piece. /// /// This event is called as part of the stream's Write operation. /// </summary> public event Func<string, string> TransformWriteString; /// <summary> /// This event allows capturing and transformation of the entire /// output stream by caching all write operations and delaying final /// response output until Flush() is called on the stream. /// </summary> public event Func<MemoryStream, MemoryStream> TransformStream; /// <summary> /// Event that can be hooked up to handle Response.Filter /// Transformation. Passed a string that you can modify and /// return back as a return value. The modified content /// will become the final output. /// </summary> public event Func<string, string> TransformString; protected virtual void OnCaptureStream(MemoryStream ms) { if (CaptureStream != null) CaptureStream(ms); } private void OnCaptureStringInternal(MemoryStream ms) { if (CaptureString != null) { string content = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); OnCaptureString(content); } } protected virtual void OnCaptureString(string output) { if (CaptureString != null) CaptureString(output); } protected virtual byte[] OnTransformWrite(byte[] buffer) { if (TransformWrite != null) return TransformWrite(buffer); return buffer; } private byte[] OnTransformWriteStringInternal(byte[] buffer) { Encoding encoding = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding; string output = OnTransformWriteString(encoding.GetString(buffer)); return encoding.GetBytes(output); } private string OnTransformWriteString(string value) { if (TransformWriteString != null) return TransformWriteString(value); return value; } protected virtual MemoryStream OnTransformCompleteStream(MemoryStream ms) { if (TransformStream != null) return TransformStream(ms); return ms; } /// <summary> /// Allows transforming of strings /// /// Note this handler is internal and not meant to be overridden /// as the TransformString Event has to be hooked up in order /// for this handler to even fire to avoid the overhead of string /// conversion on every pass through. /// </summary> /// <param name="responseText"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string OnTransformCompleteString(string responseText) { if (TransformString != null) TransformString(responseText); return responseText; } /// <summary> /// Wrapper method form OnTransformString that handles /// stream to string and vice versa conversions /// </summary> /// <param name="ms"></param> /// <returns></returns> internal MemoryStream OnTransformCompleteStringInternal(MemoryStream ms) { if (TransformString == null) return ms; //string content = ms.GetAsString(); string content = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); content = TransformString(content); byte[] buffer = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetBytes(content); ms = new MemoryStream(); ms.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); //ms.WriteString(content); return ms; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override bool CanRead { get { return true; } } public override bool CanSeek { get { return true; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override bool CanWrite { get { return true; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override long Length { get { return 0; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override long Position { get { return _position; } set { _position = value; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="direction"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override long Seek(long offset, System.IO.SeekOrigin direction) { return _stream.Seek(offset, direction); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="length"></param> public override void SetLength(long length) { _stream.SetLength(length); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override void Close() { _stream.Close(); } /// <summary> /// Override flush by writing out the cached stream data /// </summary> public override void Flush() { if (IsCaptured && _cacheStream.Length > 0) { // Check for transform implementations _cacheStream = OnTransformCompleteStream(_cacheStream); _cacheStream = OnTransformCompleteStringInternal(_cacheStream); OnCaptureStream(_cacheStream); OnCaptureStringInternal(_cacheStream); // write the stream back out if output was delayed if (IsOutputDelayed) _stream.Write(_cacheStream.ToArray(), 0, (int)_cacheStream.Length); // Clear the cache once we've written it out _cacheStream.SetLength(0); } // default flush behavior _stream.Flush(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { return _stream.Read(buffer, offset, count); } /// <summary> /// Overriden to capture output written by ASP.NET and captured /// into a cached stream that is written out later when Flush() /// is called. /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { if ( IsCaptured ) { // copy to holding buffer only - we'll write out later _cacheStream.Write(buffer, 0, count); _cachePointer += count; } // just transform this buffer if (TransformWrite != null) buffer = OnTransformWrite(buffer); if (TransformWriteString != null) buffer = OnTransformWriteStringInternal(buffer); if (!IsOutputDelayed) _stream.Write(buffer, offset, buffer.Length); } } The key features are the events and corresponding OnXXX methods that handle the event hookups, and the Write() and Flush() methods of the stream implementation. All the rest of the members tend to be plain jane passthrough stream implementation code without much consequence. I do love the way Action<t> and Func<T> make it so easy to create the event signatures for the various events – sweet. A few Things to consider Performance Response.Filter is not great for performance in general as it adds another layer of indirection to the ASP.NET output pipeline, and this implementation in particular adds a memory hit as it basically duplicates the response output into the cached memory stream which is necessary since you may have to look at the entire response. If you have large pages in particular this can cause potentially serious memory pressure in your server application. So be careful of wholesale adoption of this (or other) Response.Filters. Make sure to do some performance testing to ensure it’s not killing your app’s performance. Response.Filter works everywhere A few questions came up in comments and discussion as to capturing ALL output hitting the site and – yes you can definitely do that by assigning a Response.Filter inside of a module. If you do this however you’ll want to be very careful and decide which content you actually want to capture especially in IIS 7 which passes ALL content – including static images/CSS etc. through the ASP.NET pipeline. So it is important to filter only on what you’re looking for – like the page extension or maybe more effectively the Response.ContentType. Response.Filter Chaining Originally I thought that filter chaining doesn’t work at all due to a bug in the stream implementation code. But it’s quite possible to assign multiple filters to the Response.Filter property. So the following actually works to both compress the output and apply the transformed content: WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; However the following does not work resulting in invalid content encoding errors: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); In other words multiple Response filters can work together but it depends entirely on the implementation whether they can be chained or in which order they can be chained. In this case running the GZip/Deflate stream filters apparently relies on the original content length of the output and chokes when the content is modified. But if attaching the compression first it works fine as unintuitive as that may seem. Resources Download example code Capture Output from ASP.NET Pages © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET  

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