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• Messed up USB stick doesn't show in blkid

  - by Felix

  I was playing around with a USB stick (booting archlinux with qemu off of it and trying to perform an installation on the same stick at the same time -- brave, I know, but I was just messing around). Now, after failing to boot and install at the same time, it seems I have sort of messed up my stick. What I think happened is that I used cfdisk to wipe everything on it and create one big partition, but formatting it then failed, so now there's a big partition with no filesystem. Just to make it clear: I'm not worried for my stick, I know I can recover it at any point. What I find intriguing is that after plugging the stick into my computer (using Ubuntu), there's no (terminal) way to find out what block device (/dev/sdx) it has associated. The only way I could determine that was with GParted: But blkid shows the following: /dev/sda1: UUID="12F695CFF695B387" LABEL="System Reserved" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="A0BAA6EABAA6BC62" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb1: UUID="546aec8b-9ad6-4571-b07a-adba63e25820" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb2: UUID="2a8b82d8-6c6e-4053-a446-bab970d93d7c" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdb3: UUID="7cbede7d-c930-4e59-9d1b-01f2d79bd092" TYPE="ext4" No trace of /dev/sdc. My question is: if I didn't have a graphical interface (to use GParted), how would I have known which block device is my stick?

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• undelete big files - mission impossible?

  - by johnrembo

  Hi, I've accidentaly deleted outlook.pst (6.7GB) file, while there was only 400MB free space left on primary NTFS partition (winxp). I've tried several recovery tools to get this file back. "Ontrack Easy Recovery Pro" found 0 pst files (complete scan mode), while "Recover My Files" in sector scan mode found 5 pst's, but 4 of them of sizes from 3 to 28 KB, while the 5th one - 1Gb. I've managed to succesfuly recover 1Gb pst file, which was 1 year old copy (the one used after the latest windows reinstall). Now, I'm frustrated and confused Why 1 year old file was succesfuly recovered if there were only 400MB left on primary partition? Where's 6.7GB file gone? I did some reading (i.e. here), and it seems that there's almost no probability to retrieve the file I'm looking for, but wait - none of recovery tools i've used found zero-sized pst file, moreover - if due to fragmentation a file might be corrupted - we could use scanpst.exe to fix some errors and survive with 10 or 100 emails missing - whatever. Could you please recommend some more sophisticated recovery tools for this particular task? Appretiate your help - thanks in advance

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• How to manage mounted partitions (fstab + mount points) from puppet

  - by Cristian Ciupitu

  I want to manage the mounted partitions from puppet which includes both modifying /etc/fstab and creating the directories used as mount points. The mount resource type updates fstab just fine, but using file for creating the mount points is bit tricky. For example, by default the owner of the directory is root and if the root (/) of the mounted partition has another owner, puppet will try to change it and I don't want this. I know that I can set the owner of that directory, but why should I care what's on the mounted partition? All I want to do is mount it. Is there a way to make puppet not to care about the permissions of the directory used as the mount point? This is what I'm using right now: define extra_mount_point( $device, $location = "/mnt", $fstype = "xfs", $owner = "root", $group = "root", $mode = 0755, $seltype = "public_content_t" $options = "ro,relatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec", ) { file { "${location}/${name}": ensure => directory, owner => "${owner}", group => "${group}", mode => $mode, seltype => "${seltype}", } mount { "${location}/${name}": atboot => true, ensure => mounted, device => "${device}", fstype => "${fstype}", options => "${options}", dump => 0, pass => 2, require => File["${location}/${name}"], } } extra_mount_point { "sda3": device => "/dev/sda3", fstype => "xfs", owner => "ciupicri", group => "ciupicri", $options = "relatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec", } In case it matters, I'm using puppet-0.25.4-1.fc13.noarch.rpm and puppet-server-0.25.4-1.fc13.noarch.rpm.

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• Accounting setup in freeradius with mikrotik and the "always" module

  - by Matt

  I have a freeradius setup that is being used to provide authentication for users on a wireless network. The access points are all Mikrotik hardware and the users are connected 24/7. We've been using Daloradius with mysql and freeradius 2. The boss wants to use the accounting information and while this is all set up and appears to be working, I've found that not all the accounting information is present. Since our users may be connected for more than 24 hours at a time we keep this in here, it will reset some attributes daily so that the accounting packets work correctly. So he started poking around at this link: http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/RouterOs_MySql_Freeradius#Configuring_RouterOs_for_Radius_.26_PPP.2A_AAA And was looking specifically at the following section. Since our users may be connected for more than 24 hours at a time we keep this in here, it will reset some attributes daily so that the accounting packets work correctly always fail { rcode = fail } always reject { rcode = reject } always ok { rcode = ok simulcount = 0 mpp = no } However, that link references freeradius 1 and I can't find this in the radius.conf file for freeradius 2. What does it do and could it be a reason I'm missing data? EDIT: I have found one issue. We have a backup freeradius server that is also receiving the accounting packets. Although they are replicating, it's only a master/slave configuration. If the slave receives accounting packets it won't replicate them back to the master. Although I suspect this might solve it, the boss is not convinced due to the always module. Is there anything special I need to configure in the mikrotik AP's or freeradius 2 for clients connected 24/7.

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• CentOS - mdadm raid1 drive won't mount to default location

  - by danny

  I'm running CentOS 5.5, the system, boot, swap, etc. is all on /dev/sda and I have two identical single-partition drives /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 that are configured in RAID1 (using mdadm). It was working fine (configured to mount to /mnt/data in the fstab file) and I recently let yum install a couple of automatic updates without paying attention to what they were, and now it doesn't work. Raid is working fine (dmesg shows it gets loaded correctly). mdstat shows: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0] XXXX blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Additionally, I can mount it anywhere other than its default directory (i.e. the following works, and I can read data off the drives). # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/data2 EXT3-fs warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended But when I run the following I get: # mount -a mount: /dev/sdb1 already mounted or /mnt/data busy It says nothing is mounted when I try to umount /dev/sdb1 or umount /mnt/data, so I assume it's the second of those errors. However, lsof | grep mnt shows nothing. The weird thing is that I can save files in /mnt/data. So something is obviously mounted there, but when I try to umount it I get the error that nothing is mounted. /etc/mtab doesn't mention any of the partitions or files I am trying to work with, and fstab just has that one line I mentioned above that is supposed to mount my raid partition. Again, it was all working fine until I On Google I've found a few things about dmraid interfering with mdadm after an update, but I yum remove'd dmraid and rebooted and it didn't help. I'm really confused and need to get this working to get on with my work!

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• User directive in nginx generates error despite running as UID root

  - by Joost Schuur

  I'm running nginx on a MacOS X machine, installed with brew, and when I launch nginx, even with sudo, I get the following warning in my log file over and over again: 4/21/11 2:03:42 AM org.nginx[3788] nginx: [warn] the "user" directive makes sense only if the master process runs with super-user privileges, ignored in /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:2 From nginx.conf: user jschuur staff; I'm already launching nginx with sudo, since I want the thing to listen on port 80. Shouldn't that be enough to give it the proper super user privileges? The nginx binary as it's installed: jschuur@Glenna:sbin ? master ls -la total 4544 drwxr-xr-x 3 jschuur staff 102 Apr 12 20:53 . drwxrwxr-x 15 jschuur staff 510 Apr 12 15:25 .. -rwxr-xr-x 1 jschuur staff 2325648 Apr 12 20:39 nginx FWIW, I recompiled the binary to set passenger up and moved it around from it's original location into /usr/local/sbin. Update: As it turns out MacOS X was restarting nginx after I'd stopped it, because the launchd plist in ~/Library/LaunchAgents had set it to 'KeepAlive'. However, because I installed this plist into my local user's LaunchAgents folder as opposed to /Library/LaunchAgents (or better yet /Library/LaunchDaemons, which run before you even log on), it wasn't executed as root. Because of an error about not having permissions to use port 80, it actually exited right away, but still wrote to the same log file as the nginx process I started with sudo. I had thought the errors stemming from the automatic restart were actually coming from my manual restart via sudo. So, bottom line, problem solved. The real problem here was the homebrew instructions specifically asking you to install the plist file into an area that wouldn't allow a local site to use port 80.

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• Online resizing of kvm guest root filesystem?

  - by Bittrance

  I have a Linux guest that uses an LVM volume directly as root file system (that is, there is no partition table). libvirt config looks thus: <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type> <kernel>/boot/vmlinuz-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64</kernel> <initrd>/boot/initramfs-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64.img</initrd> <cmdline>console=ttyS0 root=/dev/vda</cmdline> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none' io='native'/> <source dev='/dev/vg/guest'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> From inside the guest: $ mount /dev/vda on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) Is it possible to resize the guest's root partition without rebooting the guest? Just doing lvextend on the host and resize2fs from the guest does not seem to be enough.

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• Ubuntu Device-mapper seems to be invincible!

  - by Andrew Bolster

  I'm working on a hopefully unrelated question question and I've got to a strange situation. First: I know very little about the very low level hardware kernal storage driver magix, so I'm hoping a) someone can help and b) someone can explain it to me better. I've been trying a dozen different configurations of my 2x500GB SATA drives over the past few hours involving switching between ACHI/IDE/RAID in my bios; After each attempt I've reset the bios option, booted into a live CD, deleting partitions and rewriting partition tables left on the drives. Now, however, I've been sitting with a /dev/mapper/nvidia_XXXXXXX1 that seems to be impossible to kill! its the only 'partition' that i see in the Ubuntu install (but I can see the others in parted) but it is only the size of one of the drives, and I know I did not set any RAID levels other than RAID0. Anyone have any ideas how I can kill this and get back to just two independent IDE drives? Or can anyone convince me of a reason to go the AHCI route? Many thanks in advance.

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• Git clone/push/pull - where's that username comes from?

  - by Kuroki Kaze

  I've set up gitosis and able to pull/push through ssh. Gitosis is installed on Debian Lenny server, I'm using git from windows machine (msysgit). The strange thing, if I enable loglevel = DEBUG in gitosis.conf, I see something like this when doing any actions with gitosis server: D:\Kaze\source\test-project>git pull origin master DEBUG:gitosis.serve.main:Got command "git-upload-pack 'test_project.git'" DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Access check for '[email protected]' as 'writable' on 'test_project.git'... DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Stripping .git suffix from 'test_project.git', new value 'test_project' DEBUG:gitosis.group.getMembership:found '[email protected]' in 'test' DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Access ok for '[email protected]' as 'writable' on 'test_project' DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Using prefix 'repositories' for 'test_project' DEBUG:gitosis.serve.main:Serving git-upload-pack 'repositories/test_project.git' From 192.168.175.128:test_project * branch master -> FETCH_HEAD Already up-to-date. Question is: why am I *[email protected]? This email is in global user.email config variable, too. Yesterday, when the gitosis was installed, it seen me as kaze@KAZE, this is the name under which I was added to gitosis-admin group (and it worked). But today git (or gitosis) started to see me as [email protected]. This is true for all repositories I push or clone. I had to add this address to gitosis.conf directly on server to be able to edit configs again (it worked). There is 2 public keys in keydir: [email protected] and [email protected], their content is identical and they have kaze@KAZE at end. Origin URL looks like git@lennyserver:test_project. Now, the question is - why Git (or gitosis) suddenly decided to call me by email instead of name@machinename? I've changed a couple things trying to set up Gitosis (updated git on server to 1.6.0 for example), but maybe I broke something in my local git installation?

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• HP Pavillion DV6500 recovery disk failure

  - by Scott W

  I recently attempted to re-install Windows Vista on an HP Pavillion DV6500 using the factory recovery DVD's, but encountered a strange problem. When the recovery disk attempted to reformat the hard disk, it failed at 22%. The error message provided was not very informative, just the error code "0x400110020000 1005". A google search turned up some people with a similar problem who asserted that HP has been know to ship corrupted recovery DVDs. The recovery disk did manage to reformat the the recovery partition before failing though, so recovering from the partition is no longer an option. It would be possible to reinstall from an off-the-shelf retail copy of Vista and then pull the drivers from HP's website, but I don't have access to a copy of Vista, and it would really be outrageous to have to purchase a new OS when I have a perfectly valid license already. Thought about biting the bullet and upgrading to Windows 7, but my understanding is that without Vista installed I'd be unable to use the upgrade version, and be forced to purchase the more expensive non-upgrade retail copy (!). Can anyone suggest a possible solution to this Catch-22? I've run out of ideas.

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• Apache 2 Fails to Start After Upgrade with No Errors

  - by Mark Davidson

  Hi all Hoping someone can help me with a server issue. Recently we upgraded to the latest apache on 2 boxes within are organisation. One being the master box the other being for failover. The upgrade went fine on the master box but on the failover box apache fails to start with no errors, being output or logged. Both boxes have the exact same configuration so found this a bit strange. I've reinstalled apache and have been through checking the configs and did not find any obvious errors. Eventally I ran a syntax check on each config file being included and found that one of the files apparently has syntax errors. Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration Invalid command 'php_value', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration Invalid command 'GeoIPEnable', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration I've trippled checked all the modules are enabled but it still fails. I've googled the subject of these errors loads but have been unable to fine a solution. I was wondering if anyone had encountered such a problem before and could point me towards a solution. Thanks for your help in advance. P.s: Apache related versions on server. ii apache2 2.2.3-4+etch10 Next generation, scalable, extendable web se ii apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.3-4+etch10 Traditional model for Apache HTTPD 2.1 ii apache2-utils 2.2.3-4+etch10 utility programs for webservers ii apache2.2-common 2.2.3-4+etch10 Next generation, scalable, extendable web se ii libapache2-mod-geoip 1.1.8-2 GeoIP support for apache2 ii libapache2-mod-php5 5.2.0+dfsg-8+etch15 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting languag

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• `:Zone.Identifier` files keep on appearing in Windows XP virtual machine

  - by Jonathan Reno

  I have a Windows XP Home Edition guest and a Linux Mint 13 host. I use VirtualBox and the ~/Public directory is shared with the guest. It sometimes happens that I use IE on the guest system to download files (until I get a better Windows browser). All of the downloaded files go the the L:\ drive (the ~/Public directory). When they are finished downloading, Windows Explorer adds a :Zone.Identifier file for each file I download. When I extract a downloaded ZIP archive on the guest (on drive L:\), Windows creates a :Zone.Identifier file for every file in the extracted directory. This even occurs if I use the host to move a file to the ~/Public directory. The shared ~/Public directory is on an ext4 partition and the colon character is supposed to be illegal in file names in Windows, but not on the ext4 partition. Is there any way to stop Windows from putting all this rubbish on my filesystem? (I might have to create a shell script to clean up after Windows' act.) Here is what I see in Windows Explorer: By the way, if I were running a Mac OS X host (where colons are illegal file name characters) this would be even more horrendous.

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• bond0 and xen = crash

  - by Rajat

  Bonding with xen 1 - Stop all guests. Reboot dom0 after running "chkconfig xend off" and "chkconfig xendomains off". 2 - Configure bond0 by enslaving eth0 and eth1 to it. I added the below two entries to /etc/modprobe.conf. alias bond0 bonding options bond0 mode=6,miimon=100 Content of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes BOOTPROTO=none Content of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes BOOTPROTO=none Content of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 IPADDR= NETMASK= ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static USERCTL=no Did "modprobe bond0" and "service network restart" after that. 3 - Edit /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp Change (network-script network-bridge) To (network-script 'network-bridge netdev=bond0') 4 - Start xend. "service xend start". 5 - chkconfig xend on. 6 - modprode bond0 7 - more /proc/net/bonding/bond0 8 - Create guest images as usual and bridge it to xenbr0. about config i did for my xen kernel rhel 5.3 after i reboot the host server i get in place bond0 get pbond0 and its get disconnect from network only i ping to my vm's on the host server any one have any idea why xen bond0 is acting like that or what is solutions to come out of pbond0 to bond0.

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• CDROM does not appear on desktop, MACOS 10.5.7

  - by Cheeso

  When I pop a CDROM into the drive of my Macbook Pro, It spins up, I hear it, but no icon appears on the desktop. (I think it's 10.5.7; actually not sure how to verify this on Mac, but I think I saw a 10.5.7 flash by somewhere). In the finder preferences, I have "Show these items on the Desktop" set to show HDs, External Disks, and CDs, DVDs, and ipods. All three of those are checked. I do see the internal HD on the desktop. In Disk utility I can see the CD/DVD hardware. It says "MATSHITA DVD-R UJ-857E...". From Disk Utility I can eject the drive. But in Finder, there is never a CD/DVD listed under "Devices". When I insert a disk, nothing happens, I cannot see it. I also cannot boot from bootable CDROMs by holding C down . Suggestions? I am not very experienced with Mac; I have used Windows for years. EDIT Two updates: I saw this article on support.apple.com, and modified the hostconfig appropriately. It did not have the AUTODISKMOUNT entry, so I added one, rebooted. Same behavior. It does not see the CDROM in Finder, does not mount it on desktop. I put an old manufactured CDROM into the drive, and voila! it showed up on the desktop. The CD that does not appear is a GNome Partition Editor Live CD, which I guess is based on debian. That CD boots in other (non-Mac) PCs. I want to use this to adjust the Bootcamp partition. Suggestions?

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• Active Directory Child Domain Replication Problems

  - by MikeR

  Hi, I've recently inherited an Active Directory (all DCs Windows 2003) which has been configured with several child domains that are used as test environments for out CRM software. Two of these child domains have been used for testing using dates in the future (2015), throwing them well outside of the Kerberos tolerance for time, and they're flooding my event logs with replication errors such as the following: Description: The attempt to establish a replication link for the following writable directory partition failed. Directory partition: CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=com Source domain controller: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=TESTDC001,CN=Servers,CN=SiteName,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=com Source domain controller address: 38e95b2a-35af-4174-84ba-9ab039528cce._msdcs.ad.xxxxxxx.com Intersite transport (if any): This domain controller will be unable to replicate with the source domain controller until this problem is corrected. User Action Verify if the source domain controller is accessible or network connectivity is available. Additional Data Error value: 5 Access is denied. I'd also like to upgrade to Windows 2008 at some point, but wouldn't want to attempt any schema updates while I'm not 100% confident on the replication. I'm guessing my only real solution will be to get rid of these child domains. The child domains are operating as stand alone domains, the DC is up and running and authenticating test users fine. I'm guessing the best solution to this would be to delete the domains (although I'd be happily told otherwise). The clock forwarding appears to have been happening for several years, so I'm assuming I can't just put the clock right (I'm guessing scope for this would be 180days, the same as the tombstone lifetime) With the replication errors would I be able to dcpromo the child domains DC, select it as the last domain controller in the domain and the child domain would be deleted? Or would I be better off treating the domain as an orphaned domain and use Microsoft's instructions to clear up as such. Any advice would be much appreciated.

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• Either, nginx+php-fpm bad config or nginx+php-fpm cannot handle high query?

  - by The Wolf

  I have wordpress installed in my server configured(hopefully with nginx+php-fpm+mariaDB). I am trying to import using wordpress importer a 1.5MB xml file. Everytime I try to upload it using the importer, it got cut of... meaning just blank screen result.. Here is my error log: actually I just posted 2 of the errors [error] 858#0: *1 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: xx.xxx.xx.xx, server: xxx.com, request: "GET xxxx.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "xxx.com" [error] 858#0: *13 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: xxx.x.xx.xx, server: xxx.com, request: "GET xxxx.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "xxx.com" I don't know what is the reason why it can't process the wordpress export .xml. I already increased max_file_upload & etc., but nothing happens. Hope somebody can help me. Here are my conf: nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes 8; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; server_tokens off; keepalive_timeout 65; fastcgi_read_timeout 500; #gzip on; client_max_body_size 2M; php-fpm.conf ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; FPM Configuration ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install ; prefix. ; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of ; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the ; file. include=/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Global Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; [global] ; Pid file ; Default Value: none pid = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid ; Error log file ; Default Value: /var/log/php-fpm.log error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log ; Log level ; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug ; Default Value: notice ;log_level = notice ; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time ; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value ; of '0' means 'Off'. ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 ; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when ; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around ; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory. ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0 ; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master. ; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;process_control_timeout = 0 ; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging. ; Default Value: yes daemonize = no ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Pool Definitions ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; See /etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf [root@host etc]# vim php-fpm.conf [root@host etc]# vim php-fpm.conf ; Default Value: notice ;log_level = notice ; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time ; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value ; of '0' means 'Off'. ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 ; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when ; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around ; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory. ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0 ; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master. ; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;process_control_timeout = 0 ; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging. ; Default Value: yes daemonize = no ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Pool Definitions ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; See /etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf ps aux [root@host etc]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.1 2900 1380 ? Ss Jun02 0:00 init root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun02 0:00 [kthreadd/9308] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun02 0:00 [khelper/9308] root 124 0.0 0.0 2464 576 ? S<s Jun02 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d root 460 0.0 0.1 35976 1308 ? Sl Jun02 0:00 /sbin/rsyslogd -i /var/run/syslogd.pid -c 5 root 474 0.0 0.0 8940 1028 ? Ss Jun02 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 481 0.0 0.0 3264 876 ? Ss Jun02 0:00 xinetd -stayalive -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid root 491 0.0 0.1 6268 1432 ? S Jun02 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/host.busilak.com. mysql 584 0.1 6.8 679072 71456 ? Sl Jun02 0:04 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --use root 586 0.0 0.3 12008 3820 ? Ss Jun02 0:01 sshd: root@pts/0 root 629 0.0 0.0 9140 756 ? Ss Jun02 0:00 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -m /var/run/saslauthd -a pam -n 2 root 630 0.0 0.0 9140 520 ? S Jun02 0:00 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -m /var/run/saslauthd -a pam -n 2 root 645 0.0 0.1 12788 1928 ? Ss Jun02 0:01 sendmail: accepting connections smmsp 653 0.0 0.1 12576 1728 ? Ss Jun02 0:00 sendmail: Queue runner@01:00:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue root 691 0.0 0.1 7148 1184 ? Ss Jun02 0:00 crond root 698 0.0 0.1 6272 1688 pts/0 Ss Jun02 0:00 -bash root 1006 0.0 0.0 7828 924 ? Ss 00:30 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx 1007 0.0 0.1 8156 1724 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process nginx 1008 0.0 0.1 8024 1360 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process nginx 1009 0.0 0.1 8020 1356 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process nginx 1011 0.0 0.1 8024 1360 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process nginx 1012 0.0 0.1 8024 1360 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process nginx 1013 0.0 0.1 8024 1360 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process nginx 1014 0.0 0.1 8024 1360 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process nginx 1015 0.0 0.1 8024 1344 ? S 00:30 0:00 nginx: worker process root 1030 0.0 0.2 25396 2904 ? Ss 00:30 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf) apache 1031 0.0 1.9 40700 20624 ? S 00:30 0:00 php-fpm: pool www apache 1032 0.0 2.0 41924 21888 ? S 00:30 0:01 php-fpm: pool www apache 1033 0.0 1.9 41212 20848 ? S 00:30 0:01 php-fpm: pool www apache 1034 0.0 1.9 40956 20792 ? S 00:30 0:01 php-fpm: pool www apache 1035 0.0 2.0 41560 21556 ? S 00:30 0:02 php-fpm: pool www apache 1040 0.0 1.8 39292 19120 ? S 00:30 0:00 php-fpm: pool www root 1125 0.0 0.0 6080 1040 pts/0 R+ 01:04 0:00 ps aux netstat -l [root@host etc]# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.locald:cslistener *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 60575947 /var/run/saslauthd/mux unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 60574168 @/com/ubuntu/upstart unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 60575873 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Hope somebody can help me to figure out what is the problem.

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• Postfix not working

  - by user1488723

  A while ago I installed the postfix mail server on my ubuntu 10.04 VPS. At the time it was working good but now it's just stopped working. I was trying to enable SASL authentification and somewhere it must have went really wrong. I've studied the postfix main.cf and done everything in an orderly fashion to ensure that it is nothing wrong. I also have Dovecot installed and configured dovecot.conf to run with Postfix. If I try to do telnet localhost 25 while logged in on the server I just get: Connection closed by foreign host. If I try to do telnet mail.example.com 25 "from the outside" I get: telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: No route to host And when I check the server log after the failed attempts I see this: Jun 28 15:49:31 msv postfix/smtpd[11839]: initializing the server-side TLS engine Jun 28 15:49:31 msv postfix/smtpd[11839]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jun 28 15:49:31 msv postfix/smtpd[11839]: warning: SASL: Connect to /var/spool/postfix/private/auth failed: Connection refused Jun 28 15:49:31 msv postfix/smtpd[11839]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms Jun 28 15:49:32 msv postfix/master[11598]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd pid 11839 exit status 1 Jun 28 15:49:32 msv postfix/master[11598]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling main.cf file looks like this: smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no append_dot_mydomain = no delay_warning_time = 4h myhostname = mail.example.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases mydomain = example.com myorigin = $mydomain mydestination = $mydomain relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.1 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_loglevel = 2 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous Dovecot.conf file looks like this: protocols = imap imaps disable_plaintext_auth = no log_timestamp = "%b %d %H:%M:%S " ssl = yes ssl_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt ssl_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key mail_location = maildir:~/mail mail_access_groups = mail auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz protocol imap { imap_client_workarounds = delay-newmail tb-extra-mailbox-sep } auth default { mechanisms = plain login passdb pam { } userdb passwd { } socket listen { client { path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth user = postfix group = postfix mode = 0660 } } }

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on a n ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• PHP memory_limit local value does not match php.ini value

  - by Buttle Butkus

  CentOS system. Summary: changed memory_limit in master and local php.ini and yet no change in the local value for a particular virtual host. Trying to improve performance, I set the memory_limit to 1024M in /etc/php.ini phpinfo() shows Master and Local values for other virtual hosts on the server as 1024M. Changing the value in /etc/php.ini changes all values, except one. One site is stuck with a local value of 256M. I thought I found the problem: there is a php.ini file (which I didn't know about) in that site's root, and it had memory_limit = 256M I changed it to 1024M. Problem solved? No. And now I don't know where to look. Obviously, I've restarted apache (/etc/init.d/httpd restart), and that usually does the trick. I also turned off APC cache, though I don't think it would cache ini files. And finally, I tried adding this to the virtual host in httpd.conf: php_value memory_limit 536870912 (yes, that would be 5 GB) And that had no effect whatsoever. What else could be the problem? Thanks.

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• No discs found when trying to install Windows 8 with UEFI

  - by Sahas Katta

  I have a Vizio Notebook (CN15-A5). It came pre-installed with Windows 8 x64 and is taking advantage of UEFI out of the box. The BIOS (APTOS AMI) is in Secure Boot mode with the OS selected as "Windows 8". I removed the stock HDD that came with the machine and put my own SSD into it. I created a Windows 8 Pro x64 installation disc on a 4GB USB flash drive formated as FAT32 since its apparently required for UEFI. When I boot from the USB Win8 installation disc, I get suck when I reach the "Custom: Install Windows only" section. Normally you would see a list of available discs and their partitions, however my entire list is blank. If I head back to the BIOS and disable Secure Boot and set the OS to "Other OS" and attempt again, I am able to see the list of available discs in the system and can install a copy of Windows 8. Unfortunately, doing it in this method results in an installation with a traditional 350 MB partition + OS partition instead of 4 partitions which is normal for a UEFI setup. Has anyone run into this problem? I've tried loading defaults in the BIOS and attempting to install via every combination with no luck. Any help would be appreciated.

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• High disk I/O - jbd2/sda2-8 process

  - by Evan Hamlet

  I have run a file server on a CentOS 5.8 final server. My only concern at the moment is what appears to be intermittent but continuous high disk I/O activity causing a general slowdown because of jbd2/sda2-8 process. jbd2/sda2-8 is making use of /dev/sda2, which is the 2nd partition of the first harddrive (IE: root partition). More info: using "iotop" the culprit appears to be "jbd2/sda1-8" making writes every second, which appears to be a kernel process associated with journaling on the ext4 filesystem, if my googling around is correct. I see "jbd2/sda2-8" appearing here every now and then, but certainly not every 3 seconds.. when idle, it appears about 1 or 2 times per minute. When I'm using the system, it appears more frequently. ATOP results: http://grabilla.com/02b14-8022db2e-4eb9-4f10-8e10-d65c49ad7530.png IOTOP results: http://grabilla.com/02b14-cf74b25d-4063-4447-9210-7d1b9b70e25b.png HTOP results: grabilla. com/02b14-ad8cad0e-89b0-46d3-849d-4fd515c1e690.png jbd2/sda2-8 is the processes I see with iotop making writes on disk even though it's not in use at all. Does someone has any idea how could I solve the high disk usage caused jbd2/sda2-8 process?

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• During Vista Repair - No operating system is listed.

  - by Jack Marchetti

  After a Windows update, my brother's Gateway computer loads to the "Step 3 of 3: 0%" and reboots. Safe Mode does not work. I placed a Vista DVD in the drive, and re-booted. (Note, this is my Vista DVD, not the Recovery/System disc that would come with a computer. Gateway does not give you CD's anymore. I believe they store recovery on a partition, but that partition has been wiped out). I chose "Repair Your Computer" I get a dialog box, but no operating system is listed. I'm then prompted to "Load Drivers". What drivers am I supposed to be loading here and where from? I placed a CD in the drive to "load drivers" but I don't see my DVD drive listed. All I saw where X:/Sources along with several Removable Media slots that were empty. On another screen I tried Startup Repair, which didn't do anything. I attempted to use System Restore - but it doesn't detect the hard drive. I'm guessing that I'm missing some sort of SATA driver and that is why the hard disk is not being found. Any ideas on this?

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• Why can't I boot in to Windows Recovery Environment to fix my HDD or salvage my data?

  - by Kevin

  I've been trying to get in to WindowsRE to salvage the files on my Sony Vaio laptop after it failed to load Vista (it finally, consistently displays "Error loading operating system" after months of such intermittent failures, usually rectified via restarts or utilizing Startup Repair or CHKDSK from WindowsRE) . The problem is, after successfully accessing it once after this failure (and many times before over the course of the laptop's life), I can no longer get it to load. During the last successful access (right after the failure), I ran startup repair, which itself failed and notified me that the boot sector was corrupt. I attempted to head in to Sony's proprietary recovery tools menu, which is accessible from WindowsRE when it is loaded from the recovery partition or recovery disk, however it hung. I have since been unable to access the recovery environment after restarting, using any of these methods: Access via the recovery partition (pressing F10 on boot) Access via recovery DVD (created using the same computer when it was healthy) Access via a Windows Vista installation DVD All three methods produce the same results: The computer acknowledges the boot attempt The computer successfully gets passed the "Windows is loading files" screen The computer successfully gets passed the Windows loading screen The computer then stalls at a black screen, while showing HDD activity (via indicator light). After a few minutes, the HDD activity ceases, and after a few more minutes, the over sized cursor that is utilized in WindowsRE appears on the black screen. The actual recovery environment, however, never appears, even after leaving the computer in such a state overnight. What is fustrating is that other bootable utilities, such as SeaTools for DOS and MemTest, boot up and run fine. In running perfectly normally, MemTest was able to produce a plethora of errors utilizing my RAM. I'm inclined to believe the RAM's faultiness may causing the WindowsRE booting to fail. Would this be a valid assumption? If I'm not mistaken, booting from external media utilizes the RAM, so such a reason is plausible, assuming my knowledge of bootloading is correct. Other than that, I can't figure out any reason why all the bootable utilities except WindowsRE run fine. Does anyone know what the problem is, or could be? Any solutions?

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• How do I boot [embedded] linux from sd card?

  - by Brandon Yates

  I am hacking together a quick embedded linux system on a DM816x evm board. Previously I have been using TFTP and NFS to load my kernel and root filesystem to the board. I am now trying to switch over to loading everything from an SD card. I have my card partitioned such that uBoot and my kernel image are in one partition, and my rootFS in another partition. At power-on, Uboot starts correctly and successfully launches the kernel. However, the kernel is unable to mount the root file system. It appears that it doesn't recognize any SD (mmc) cards. It gives this error message. VFS: Cannot open root device "mmcblk0p2" or unknown-block(2,0) Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions: 1f00 256 mtdblock0 (driver?) 1f01 8 mtdblock1 (driver?) 1f02 2560 mtdblock2 (driver?) 1f03 1272 mtdblock3 (driver?) 1f04 2432 mtdblock4 (driver?) 1f05 128 mtdblock5 (driver?) 1f06 4352 mtdblock6 (driver?) 1f07 204928 mtdblock7 (driver?) 1f08 50304 mtdblock8 (driver?) Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0) I feel like I'm missing something fundamental here. Why does it not recognize the root device I am trying to load from? Here is my uBoot boot script that is running: setenv bootargs console=ttyO2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw mem=124M earlyprink vram=50M ti816xfb.vram=0:16M,1:16M,2:6M ip=off noinitrd;mmc init;fatload mmc 1 0x80009000 uImage;bootm 0x80009000

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• How to set up GRUB2 chainloader to other Grub (Fedora, Debian) on GPT

  - by basic6

  I'm trying to set up a dedicated GRUB2 which (chain-)loads another GRUB on a disk with GPT partition table. Relevant partitions: /dev/sda1 BIOS_BOOT /dev/sda2 BOOT (ext2) /dev/sda3 FEDORA (ext4) /dev/sda6 DEBIAN (ext4) I installed Fedora first, using /dev/sda2 as boot partition. Then I installed Debian. The Debian installer recognized the Fedora installation and added it as boot entry, then installed its GRUB into the MBR. While this works for the moment, it's pretty messy, because every Debian update may change the boot config, removing the Fedora entry (tried it) and the other way around. That's why I want both systems to have their own boot loader and one main boot loader (that could reside on /dev/sda2), which loads one of them. This is what I've tried: Moved everything from /dev/sda2 to /dev/sda3/boot Removed /boot mount point in Fedora (so /dev/sda2 isn't used anymore) From a live Linux, installed GRUB2 to the MBR (grub-install --boot-directory=sda2 /dev/sda) Wrote a menu.lst: title Fedora root (hd0,2) chainloader +1 (Again, for Debian) Converted that to a grub.cfg script (grub-menu2cfg or something like that) When booting, actually got a GRUB2 menu with "Fedora" (and "Debian") When selecting any one of those: error: invalid signature Issued "grub-install /dev/sda6" (and ...sda3) from all kinds of live Linux systems, all of which failed with another error message (in the case of the Debian installer, without explanation at all) Added --force to the chainloader line, now it says "loading", then reboots Found douzens of howtos, none of which seem to work for me Since I get the self-made GRUB2 menu on bootup, I've at least successfully installed the first stage of GRUB, right? When trying to chainload, some signature is checked and seems to be wrong - how do I fix it? The boot menus (Fedora with its different Kernel versions and Debian with Debian and Fedora as well) are now on the system partitions (/dev/sda3, /dev/sda6), is there anything else to do on these partitions, so they can be chainloaded? Any help is greatly appreciated.

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