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  • Join a list of lists together into 1 list in Python

    - by dotty
    Hay All. I have a list which consists of many lists, here is an example [ [Obj, Obj, Obj, Obj], [Obj], [Obj], [ [Obj,Obj], [Obj,Obj,Obj] ] ] Is there a way to join all these items together as 1 list, so the output will be something like [Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj] Thanks

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  • Python: find <title>

    - by Peter
    I have this: response = urllib2.urlopen(url) html = response.read() begin = html.find('<title>') end = html.find('</title>',begin) title = html[begin+len('<title>'):end].strip() if the url = http://www.google.com then the title have no problem as "Google", but if the url = "http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-english-gateway" then the title become "<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <base href="http://www.britishcouncil.org/" /> <META http-equiv="Content-Type" Content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> <meta name="WT.sp" content="Learning;Home Page Smart View" /> <meta name="WT.cg_n" content="Learn English Gateway" /> <META NAME="DCS.dcsuri" CONTENT="/learning-english-gateway.htm">..." What is actually happening, why I couldn't return the "title"?

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  • Unicode filename to python subprocess.call()

    - by otrov
    I'm trying to run subprocess.call() with unicode filename, and here is simplified problem: n = u'c:\\windows\\notepad.exe ' f = u'c:\\temp\\nèw.txt' subprocess.call(n + f) which raises famous error: UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe8' Encoding to utf-8 produces wrong filename, and mbcs passes filename as new.txt without accent I just can't read any more on this confusing subject and spin in circle. I found here lot of answers for many different problems in past so I thought to join and ask for help myself Thanks

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  • Python method to remove iterability

    - by Debilski
    Suppose I have a function which can either take an iterable/iterator or a non-iterable as an argument. Iterability is checked with try: iter(arg). Depending whether the input is an iterable or not, the outcome of the method will be different. Not when I want to pass a non-iterable as iterable input, it is easy to do: I’ll just wrap it with a tuple. What do I do when I want to pass an iterable (a string for example) but want the function to take it as if it’s non-iterable? E.g. make that iter(str) fails.

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  • Sympy python circumference

    - by Mattia Villani
    I need to display a circumference. In order to do that I thought I could calculata for a lot of x the two values of y, so I did: import sympy as sy from sympy.abc import x,y f = x**2 + y**2 - 1 a = x - 0.5 sy.solve([f,a],[x,y]) and this is what I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<input>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/solvers.py", line 484, in solve solution = _solve(f, *symbols, **flags) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/solvers.py", line 749, in _solve result = solve_poly_system(polys) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/polysys.py", line 40, in solve_poly_system return solve_biquadratic(f, g, opt) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/polysys.py", line 48, in solve_biquadratic G = groebner([f, g]) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/polys/polytools.py", line 5308, i n groebner raise DomainError("can't compute a Groebner basis over %s" % domain) DomainError: can't compute a Groebner basis over RR How can I calculate the y's values ?

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  • javascript-aware html parser for Python ~

    - by znetor
    <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write('<a href="http://www.google.com">f*** js</a>'); document.write("f*** js!"); </script> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write('<a href="http://www.google.com">f*** js</a>'); document.write("f*** js!"); </script> <div><a href="http://www.google.com">f*** js</a></div> </body> </html> I want use xpath to catch all lable object in the html page above... In [1]: import lxml.html as H In [2]: f = open("test.html","r") In [3]: c = f.read() In [4]: doc = H.document_fromstring(c) In [5]: doc.xpath('//a') Out[5]: [<Element a at a01d17c>] In [6]: a = doc.xpath('//a')[0] In [7]: a.getparent() Out[7]: <Element div at a01d41c> I only get one don't generate by js~ but firefox xpath checker can find all lable!? http://i.imgur.com/0hSug.png how to do that??? thx~! <html> <head> </head> <body> <script language="javascript"> function over(){ a.innerHTML="mouse me" } function out(){ a.innerHTML="<a href='http://www.google.com'>google</a>" } </script> <body><li id="a"onmouseover="over()" onmouseout="out()">mouse me</li> </body> </html>

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  • Python If Statement Defaults to an elif

    - by Brad Carvalho
    Not sure why my code is defaulting to this elif. But it's never getting to the else statement. Even going as far as throwing index out of bound errors in the last elif. Please disregard my non use of regex. It wasn't allowed for this homework assignment. The problem is the last elif before the else statement. Cheers, Brad if item == '': print ("%s\n" % item).rstrip('\n') elif item.startswith('MOVE') and not item.startswith('MOVEI'): print 'Found MOVE' elif item.startswith('MOVEI'): print 'Found MOVEI' elif item.startswith('BGT'): print 'Found BGT' elif item.startswith('ADD'): print 'Found ADD' elif item.startswith('INC'): print 'Found INC' elif item.startswith('SUB'): print 'Found SUB' elif item.startswith('DEC'): print 'Found DEC' elif item.startswith('MUL'): print 'Found MUL' elif item.startswith('DIV'): print 'Found DIV' elif item.startswith('BEQ'): print 'Found BEQ' elif item.startswith('BLT'): print 'Found BLT' elif item.startswith('BR'): print 'Found BR' elif item.startswith('END'): print 'Found END' elif item.find(':') and item[(item.find(':') -1)].isalpha(): print 'Mya have found a label' else: print 'Not sure what I found'

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  • Custom constructors for models in Google App Engine (python)

    - by Nikhil Chelliah
    I'm getting back to programming for Google App Engine and I've found, in old, unused code, instances in which I wrote constructors for models. It seems like a good idea, but there's no mention of it online and I can't test to see if it works. Here's a contrived example, with no error-checking, etc.: class Dog(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty(required=True) breeds = db.StringListProperty() age = db.IntegerProperty(default=0) def __init__(self, name, breed_list, **kwargs): db.Model.__init__(**kwargs) self.name = name self.breeds = breed_list.split() rufus = Dog('Rufus', 'spaniel terrier labrador') rufus.put() The **kwargs are passed on to the Model constructor in case the model is constructed with a specified parent or key_name, or in case other properties (like age) are specified. This constructor differs from the default in that it requires that a name and breed_list be specified (although it can't ensure that they're strings), and it parses breed_list in a way that the default constructor could not. Is this a legitimate form of instantiation, or should I just use functions or static/class methods? And if it works, why aren't custom constructors used more often?

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  • speed up calling lot of entities, and getting unique values, google app engine python

    - by user291071
    OK this is a 2 part question, I've seen and searched for several methods to get a list of unique values for a class and haven't been practically happy with any method so far. So anyone have a simple example code of getting unique values for instance for this code. Here is my super slow example. class LinkRating2(db.Model): user = db.StringProperty() link = db.StringProperty() rating2 = db.FloatProperty() def uniqueLinkGet(tabl): start = time.time() dic = {} query = tabl.all() for obj in query: dic[obj.link]=1 end = time.time() print end-start return dic My second question is calling for instance an iterator instead of fetch slower? Is there a faster method to do this code below? Especially if the number of elements called be larger than 1000? query = LinkRating2.all() link1 = 'some random string' a = query.filter('link = ', link1) adic ={} for itema in a: adic[itema.user]=itema.rating2

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  • improve my python program to fetch the desire rows by using if condition

    - by user2560507
    unique.txt file contains: 2 columns with columns separated by tab. total.txt file contains: 3 columns each column separated by tab. I take each row from unique.txt file and find that in total.txt file. If present then extract entire row from total.txt and save it in new output file. ###Total.txt column a column b column c interaction1 mitochondria_205000_225000 mitochondria_195000_215000 interaction2 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_335000_355000 interaction3 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_5000_25000 interaction4 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_35000_55000 interaction5 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_15000_35000 interaction15 2_10515000_10535000 2_10505000_10525000 ###Unique.txt column a column b mitochondria_205000_225000 mitochondria_195000_215000 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_335000_355000 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_5000_25000 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_35000_55000 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_15000_35000 mitochondria_185000_205000 mitochondria_25000_45000 2_16595000_16615000 2_16585000_16605000 4_2785000_2805000 4_2775000_2795000 4_11395000_11415000 4_11385000_11405000 4_2875000_2895000 4_2865000_2885000 4_13745000_13765000 4_13735000_13755000 My program: file=open('total.txt') file2 = open('unique.txt') all_content=file.readlines() all_content2=file2.readlines() store_id_lines = [] ff = open('match.dat', 'w') for i in range(len(all_content)): line=all_content[i].split('\t') seq=line[1]+'\t'+line[2] for j in range(len(all_content2)): if all_content2[j]==seq: ff.write(seq) break Problem: but istide of giving desire output (values of those 1st column that fulfile the if condition). i nead somthing like if jth of unique.txt == ith of total.txt then write ith row of total.txt into new file.

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  • Help with python list-comprehension

    - by leChuck
    A simplified version of my problem: I have a list comprehension that i use to set bitflags on a two dimensional list so: s = FLAG1 | FLAG2 | FLAG3 [[c.set_state(s) for c in row] for row in self.__map] All set_state does is: self.state |= f This works fine but I have to have this function "set_state" in every cell in __map. Every cell in __map has a .state so what I'm trying to do is something like: [[c.state |= s for c in row] for row in self.map] or map(lambda c: c.state |= s, [c for c in row for row in self.__map]) Except that neither works (Syntax error). Perhaps I'm barking up the wrong tree with map/lamda but I would like to get rid on set_state. And perhaps know why assignment does not work in the list-comprehension

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  • Python implementation of avro slow?

    - by lazy1
    I'm reading some data from avro file using the avro library. It takes about a minute to load 33K objects from the file. This seem very slow to me, specially with the Java version reading the same file in about 1sec. Here is the code, am I doing something wrong? import avro.datafile import avro.io from time import time def load(filename): fo = open(filename, "rb") reader = avro.datafile.DataFileReader(fo, avro.io.DatumReader()) for i, record in enumerate(reader): pass return i + 1 def main(argv=None): import sys from argparse import ArgumentParser argv = argv or sys.argv parser = ArgumentParser(description="Read avro file") start = time() num_records = load("events.avro") end = time() print("{0} records in {1} seconds".format(num_records, end - start)) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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  • Python - List and Loop in one def

    - by Dunwitch
    I'm trying to get the def wfsc_pod1 and wfsc_ip into the same def. I'm not quite sure how to approach the problem. I want wfsc_pod1 to display all the information for name, subnet and gateway. Then wfsc_ip shows the ip addresses below it. I also get a None value when I run it as it. Not sure why. Anything more pythonic is more appreciated. class OutageAddress: subnet = ["255.255.255.0", "255.255.255.1"] # Gateway order is matched with names gateway = ["192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.2", "192.168.1.3", "192.168.1.4", "192.168.1.5", "192.168.1.6", "192.168.1.7", "192.168.1.8", "192.168.1.9"] name = ["LOC1", "LOC2", "LOC3", "LOC4", "LOC5", "LOC6", "LOC7", "LOC8", "LOC9"] def wfsc_pod1(self): wfsc_1 = "%s\t %s\t %s\t" % (network.name[0],network.subnet[0],network.gateway[0]) return wfsc_1 def wfsc_ip(self): for ip in range(100,110): ip = "192.168.1."+str(ip) print ip network = OutageAddress() print network.wfsc_pod1() print network.wfsc_ip()

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  • python list/dict property best practice

    - by jterrace
    I have a class object that stores some properties that are lists of other objects. Each of the items in the list has an identifier that can be accessed with the id property. I'd like to be able to read and write from these lists but also be able to access a dictionary keyed by their identifier. Let me illustrate with an example: class Child(object): def __init__(self, id, name): self.id = id self.name = name class Teacher(object): def __init__(self, id, name): self.id = id self.name = name class Classroom(object): def __init__(self, children, teachers): self.children = children self.teachers = teachers classroom = Classroom([Child('389','pete')], [Teacher('829','bob')]) This is a silly example, but it illustrates what I'm trying to do. I'd like to be able to interact with the classroom object like this: #access like a list print classroom.children[0] #append like it's a list classroom.children.append(Child('2344','joe')) #delete from like it's a list classroom.children.pop(0) But I'd also like to be able to access it like it's a dictionary, and the dictionary should be automatically updated when I modify the list: #access like a dict print classroom.childrenById['389'] I realize I could just make it a dict, but I want to avoid code like this: classroom.childrendict[child.id] = child I also might have several of these properties, so I don't want to add functions like addChild, which feels very un-pythonic anyway. Is there a way to somehow subclass dict and/or list and provide all of these functions easily with my class's properties? I'd also like to avoid as much code as possible.

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  • importing classes python

    - by Richard
    Just wondering why import sys exit(0) gives me this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in ? exit(0) TypeError: 'str' object is not callable but from sys import exit exit(0) works fine?

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  • Convert a GTK python script to C

    - by Jessica
    The following script will take a screenshot on a Gnome desktop. import gtk.gdk w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window() sz = w.get_size() pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False, 8, sz[0], sz[1]) pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w, w.get_colormap(), 0, 0, 0, 0, sz[0], sz[1]) if (pb != None): pb.save("screenshot.png", "png") print "Screenshot saved to screenshot.png." else: print "Unable to get the screenshot." Now, I've been trying to convert this to C and use it in one of the apps I am writing but so far i've been unsuccessful. Is there any what to do this in C (on Linux)? Thanks! Jess.

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  • tkinter python entry not being displayed

    - by user1050619
    I have created a Form with labels and entries..but for some reason the entries are not being created, peoplegui.py from tkinter import * from tkinter.messagebox import showerror import shelve shelvename = 'class-shelve' fieldnames = ('name','age','job','pay') def makewidgets(): global entries window = Tk() window.title('People Shelve') form = Frame(window) form.pack() entries = {} for (ix, label) in enumerate(('key',) + fieldnames): lab = Label(form, text=label) ent = Entry(form) lab.grid(row=ix, column=0) lab.grid(row=ix, column=1) entries[label] = ent Button(window, text="Fetch", command=fetchRecord).pack(side=LEFT) Button(window, text="Update", command=updateRecord).pack(side=LEFT) Button(window, text="Quit", command=window.quit).pack(side=RIGHT) return window def fetchRecord(): print('In fetch') def updateRecord(): print('In update') if __name__ == '__main__': window = makewidgets() window.mainloop() When I run it the labels are created but not the entries.

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  • Python: eliminating stack traces into library code?

    - by Mark Harrison
    When I get a runtime exception from the standard library, it's almost always a problem in my code and not in the library code. Is there a way to truncate the exception stack trace so that it doesn't show the guts of the library package? For example, I would like to get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None. and not this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 276, in __setitem__ _DeadlockWrap(wrapF) # self.db[key] = value File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/dbutils.py", line 68, in DeadlockWrap return function(*_args, **_kwargs) File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 275, in wrapF self.db[key] = value TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None.

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