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  • WiFi connected to router, but no internet connection

    - by Quetzacotl
    I just got a new notebook, a ThinkPad Edge E530, and installed Ubuntu on it. I'm pretty new to Ubuntu. On the same laptop, running Windows 7, the Wi-Fi connection works fine. Ethernet connection works both on Win7 and on Ubuntu. Only Wi-Fi on Ubuntu does not work; it connects to the Wi-Fi access point but I don't have Internet access. My wireless card is Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2230. What can fix the problem? EDIT: ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:88:e3:30:72:34 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:43 Base address:0x8000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:163 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:163 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:10124 (10.1 KB) TX bytes:10124 (10.1 KB) usb0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:15:e0:ec:01:00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 68:5d:43:43:71:e1 inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6a5d:43ff:fe43:71e1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:40 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:220 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2801 (2.8 KB) TX bytes:26230 (26.2 KB) route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 2 0 0 wlan0 cat /etc/resolv.conf # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8) # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN nameserver 127.0.0.1 iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. usb0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"SATELITE" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 00:1F:1F:8D:CC:08 Bit Rate=1 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=60/70 Signal level=-50 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:93 Invalid misc:243 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions.

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  • Useful links

    - by Madhan ayyasamy
    Difference between STI vs Polymorphic associationsSTI vs PolymorphicDifference between habtm vs has_many :throughhabtm vs throughCapistrano Guide linkCapistrano guideRails application without database stuffclass Car < ActiveRecord::Baseself.abstract = trueendAnother link: rails without databaseNamed scope useful linkNamed scopeDifference between http and https verbhttp vs httpsRails 2.3 useful guide websiterails 2.3 guide

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  • How to troubleshoot ethernet port on laptop

    - by Psallas Vassilios
    I have a problem with my wired connection. To be more specific, my laptop doesn't seems to recognize that I have plugged in an ethernet cable. I tried to download new drivers for my ethernet card, but I couldn't find any solutions. Maybe because I am new to Linux, so I'm not familiar with running commands in the terminal. OK I have typed the command and here are the results: 00:04.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 191 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter [1039:0191] (rev 02) For the second reply I don't know if the following is what you asked me: ?Memory: 3.9 GiB ?Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo CPU P8800 @ 2.66GHz × 2 ?OS type: 32-bit My Ethernet connection had some problem on Windows too. I have changed recently my internet provider, and since then my ethernet cable is not recognized by the laptop. At that time I was still on Windows. I thought that with Ubuntu the problem would be solved, but unfortunately the problem still persists. If someone can help me to solve my problem I'll be thankful. Here are the results of the three first commands you told me to run: lsmod | grep sis190 sis190 22570 0 sudo modprobe sis190 ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:90:f5:90:81:7e UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:185 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:185 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:22672 (22.6 KB) TX bytes:22672 (22.6 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:d3:2c:3a:ae inet addr:192.168.1.72 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::225:d3ff:fe2c:3aae/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:260 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:363 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:71992 (71.9 KB) TX bytes:52000 (52.0 KB) and the results of running the last two commands: dmesg | grep -e eth -e sis190 [ 0.816667] sis190: sis190 Gigabit Ethernet driver 1.4 loaded [ 0.816728] sis190 0000:00:04.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 0.816751] sis190: 0000:00:04.0: Read MAC address from EEPROM [ 0.904032] sis190: 0000:00:04.0: Realtek PHY RTL8201 transceiver at address [ 1.416030] sis190: 0000:00:04.0: Using transceiver at address 1 as default [ 1.448235] sis190 0000:00:04.0: eth0: 0000:00:04.0: SiS 191 PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter at f8410000 (IRQ: 19), 00:90:f5:90:81:7e [ 1.448238] sis190 0000:00:04.0: eth0: GMII mode. [ 1.448243] sis190 0000:00:04.0: eth0: Enabling Auto-negotiation [ 11.560907] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 16.372019] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 16.372265] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 26.424038] sis190 0000:00:04.0: eth0: auto-negotiating... nm-tool NetworkManager Tool State: connected (global) - Device: eth0 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: sis190 State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: 00:90:F5:90:81:7E Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Wired Properties Carrier: off

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  • No wireless connection using a conceptronic c54i (RT2561/RT61 rev B)

    - by jrosell
    Detected but not working. New install on ubuntu 11.10 using coneptronic C54Ri. As documentation says it uses Ralink drivers.... Any ideas why my wireless does not work? $ lspci -nn | grep -i 'ralink' 01:05.0 Network controller: Ralink corp. RT2561/RT61 rev B 802.11g ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:90:e5:af:13 inet addr:192.168.0.197 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:90ff:fee5:af13/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:28361 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16858 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:39812172 (39.8 MB) TX bytes:1633405 (1.6 MB) Interrupt:43 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:6608 (6.6 KB) TX bytes:6608 (6.6 KB) iwconfig wlan0 wlan0 IEEE 802.11abg ESSIDff/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=0 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thrff Fragment thrff Power Managementff lsmod | grep rt rt61pci 27493 0 crc_itu_t 12627 1 rt61pci rt2x00pci 14202 1 rt61pci rt2x00lib 48114 2 rt61pci,rt2x00pci mac80211 272785 2 rt2x00pci,rt2x00lib cfg80211 172392 2 rt2x00lib,mac80211 eeprom_93cx6 12653 1 rt61pci parport_pc 32114 1 parport 40930 3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp lsmod | grep rt [ 2497.816989] phy0 -> rt2x00pci_regbusy_read: Error - Indirect register access failed: offset=0x0000308c, value=0xffffffff [ 2497.827112] phy0 -> rt2x00pci_regbusy_read: Error - Indirect register access failed: offset=0x0000308c, value=0xffffffff [ 2497.837430] phy0 -> rt2x00pci_regbusy_read: Error - Indirect register access failed: offset=0x0000308c, value=0xffffffff [ 2497.847528] phy0 -> rt2x00pci_regbusy_read: Error - Indirect register access failed: offset=0x0000308c, value=0xffffffff [ 2497.847632] phy0 -> rt61pci_wait_bbp_ready: Error - BBP register access faile d, aborting. [ 2497.847637] phy0 -> rt61pci_set_device_state: Error - Device failed to enter state 4 (-5). sudo lshw -C network *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface product: RT2561/RT61 rev B 802.11g vendor: Ralink corp. physical id: 5 bus info: pci@0000:01:05.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 00 serial: fa:b8:14:58:62:35 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rt61pci driverversion=3.0.0-12-generic firmware=0.8 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:16 memory:fdef8000-fdefffff iwlist scan lo Interface doesn't support scanning. eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning. wlan0 Failed to read scan data : Network is down uname -mr 3.0.0-12-generic i686 Edit 1 $ rfkill list all 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no On reboot, sudo lshw -C network returns network is ok. Hovever, WPA keeps on asking the wireless key

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  • What marketplace / garage-sale software package does togoparts.com use?

    - by gus
    See: OpenSource Marketplace Platform I want to start a site also for end-users to buy/sell used sporting goods of a particular type. When the scope of goods is narrowed like this, it is very advantageous to be able to filter by Brand, Size, Price Range, etc. Nice features: account reputation with user comments listings sortable by many custom fields auto resize and recompress image uploads I don't want to reinvent the wheel, so does anyone know where I can start?

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  • Hangouts API v1.1 Walkthrough

    Hangouts API v1.1 Walkthrough Introduction to 3 new features in v1.1 of the Hangouts API. This release introduces the ability for your app to respond to face movements in real time. It also provides a new overlay positioned relative to the video feed, new low-latency messages, Hangouts on Air support, the ability to enter any OAuth scope, and a few other miscellaneous features. From: GoogleDevelopers Views: 4425 0 ratings Time: 01:14 More in Science & Technology

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  • Is there an official Ubuntu free technical support team?

    - by João Pinto
    I have found that there is an "Ubuntu Support Team" at https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-helpteam but I am not sure it's official or active. Please note that I am not referring to bug fixing support, I am referring to the broader OS support, with people available to engage users needing support with a problem and drive it to a proper resolution. Is there an official team for this purpose with a clear scope and activity plan ?

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  • What are the alternatives to fixed-price or time-and-materials contracts for software development?

    - by Fortuity
    Where can I learn more about pros/cons of various pricing models for software development? Proponents of agile methodology suggest approaches such as multi-stage contracts, target cost contracts, target schedule contracts, shared benefit contracts, variable scope contracts (http://poppendieck.com/agilecontracts.htm). I'm looking for opinions, experience, case studies or informed discussion of these approaches.

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  • What are the alternatives to fixed-price or time-and-materials contracts for software development?

    - by Fortuity
    Where can I learn more about pros/cons of various pricing models for software development? Proponents of agile methodology suggest approaches such as multi-stage contracts, target cost contracts, target schedule contracts, shared benefit contracts, variable scope contracts (http://poppendieck.com/agilecontracts.htm). I'm looking for opinions, experience, case studies or informed discussion of these approaches.

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  • Oracle Magazine - Sep/Oct 2010

    Oracle Magazine Sep/Oct features articles on Oracle Exadata, Database Security, Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g, PL/Scope to analyze your PL/SQL, Using Oracle Essbase Release 11.1.2 Aggregate Storage Option Databases, Oracle Application Express 4.0 Websheets, Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk groups, Tom Kyte revisits a classic, recounts Cardinality Feedback, and remembers SQL*Plus and much more.

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  • wlan0 (WPA2) doesn't work when configured manually

    - by 71GA
    I have been trying to reconfigure my eth0 and wlan0 interfaces by editing /etc/network/interfaces file as folows: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.11 gateway 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 dns-nameservers 193.2.1.66 auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet static address 192.168.1.10 gateway 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 dns-nameservers 193.2.1.66 wpa-driver wext wpa-ssid lausi wpa-ap-scan 2 wpa-proto RSN wpa-pairwise CCMP wpa-group CCMP wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK wpa-psk 8952a447c860d13847ba1cabd15314ba9caf2fb207f19598f90c43fcd43c0d97 But my wireless doesnt work when i use command /etc/init.d/networking restart and when i do this i get an error: * Running /etc/init.d/networking restart is deprecated because it may not enable again some interfaces * Reconfiguring network interfaces... RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth0. ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up wlan0. Although it clearly states that my eth0 interface couldn't be brought to life it is working! But i cant say this for the wlan0 interface which doesn't even work if i unplug internet cable and again use command /etc/init.d/networking restart. This seems weird to me... When i use ìfconfig -a command i get an output which confirms that wlan0 isnt working and eth0 is. ziga@ziga-cq56:/etc/network$ ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 60:eb:69:6f:5f:69 inet addr:192.168.1.11 Bcast:192.168.1.13 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::62eb:69ff:fe6f:5f69/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6764 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6641 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:5932190 (5.9 MB) TX bytes:1331846 (1.3 MB) Interrupt:42 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1759 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1759 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:107772 (107.7 KB) TX bytes:107772 (107.7 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 70:f3:95:e7:57:cc inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.12 Mask:255.255.255.0 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) How can i make my wlan0 interface work? It had been working previously with network manager and wicd...

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  • Applying DDD principles in a RESTish web service

    - by Andy
    I am developing an RESTish web service. I think I got the idea of the difference between aggregation and composition. Aggregation does not enforce lifecycle/scope on the objects it references. Composition does enforce lifecycle/scope on the objects it contain/own. If I delete a composite object then all the objects it contain/own are deleted as well, while the deleting an aggregate root does not delete referenced objects. 1) If it is true that deleting aggregate roots does not necessary delete referenced objects, what sense does it make to not have a repository for the references objects? Or are aggregate roots as a term referring to what is known as composite object? 2) When you create an web service you will have multiple endpoints, in my case I have one entity Book and another named Comment. It does not make sense to leave the comments in my application if the book is deleted. Therefore, book is a composite object. I guess I should not have a repository for comments since that would break the enforcement of lifecycle and rules that the book class may have. However I have URL such as (examples only): GET /books/1/comments POST /books/1/comments Now, if I do not have a repository for comments, does that mean I have to load the book object and then return the referenced comments? Am I allowed to return a list of Comment entities from the BookRepository, does that make sense? The repository for Book may eventually become rather big with all sorts of methods. Am I allowed to write JPQL (JPA queries) that targets comments and not books inside the repository? What about pagination and filtering of comments. When adding a new comment triggered by the POST endpoint, do you need to load the book, add the comment to the book, and then update the whole book object? What I am currently doing is having a own CommentRepository, even though the comments are deleted with the book. I could need some direction on how to do it correct. Since you are exposing not only root objects in RESTish services I wonder how to handle this at the backend. I am using Hibernate and Spring.

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  • 5 Easy Ways Link Building

    Link building is a way in which, if properly done can increase your site popularity and overall ranking on the search engines. More the number of links, more will be your visibility and scope and more will the traffic directed from the search engines.

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  • placing the matched 2 different child elements xml values in a single line from xslt2.0

    - by Girikumar Mathivanan
    I have the below input xml, <GSKProductHierarchy> <GlobalBusinessIdentifier>ZGB001</GlobalBusinessIdentifier> <Hierarchy> <Material>335165140779</Material> <Level1>02</Level1> <Level2>02AQ</Level2> <Level3>02AQ006</Level3> <Level4>02AQ006309</Level4> <Level5>02AQ006309</Level5> <Level6>02AQ006309</Level6> <Level7>02AQ006309</Level7> <Level8>02AQ006309</Level8> </Hierarchy> <Hierarchy> <Material>335165140780</Material> <Level1>02</Level1> <Level2>02AQ</Level2> <Level3>02AQ006</Level3> <Level4>02AQ006309</Level4> <Level5>02AQ006309</Level5> <Level6>02AQ006309</Level6> <Level7>02AQ006309</Level7> <Level8>02AQ006310</Level8> </Hierarchy> <Texts> <ProductHierarchy>02AQ006310</ProductHierarchy> <Language>A</Language> <Description>CREAM</Description> </Texts> <Texts> <ProductHierarchy>02AQ006309</ProductHierarchy> <Language>B</Language> <Description>CREAM</Description> </Texts> as per the requirement, xsl should check the matched value of GSKProductHierarchy/Hierarchy/Level8 in the GSKProductHierarchy/Texts/ProductHierarchy elements...and its should result as below flat file. 335165140779|02|02AQ|02AQ006|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|A|CREAM| 335165140780|02|02AQ|02AQ006|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|02AQ006309|02AQ006310|02AQ006310|B|CREAM| Right now I have the below xslt, <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:exsl="http://exslt.org/common" xmlns:set="http://exslt.org/sets" xmlns:str="http://exslt.org/strings" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/xslt/java" xmlns:saxon="http://saxon.sf.net/" exclude-result-prefixes="exsl set str java saxon"> <xsl:output method="text" indent="yes"/> <xsl:variable name="VarPipe" select="'|'"/> <xsl:variable name="VarBreak" select="'&#xa;'"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:for-each select="GSKProductHierarchy/Hierarchy"> <xsl:variable name="currentIndex" select="position()"/> <xsl:variable name="Level8" select="Level8"/> <xsl:variable name="ProductHierarchy" select="../Texts[$currentIndex]/ProductHierarchy"/> <xsl:if test="$Level8=$ProductHierarchy"> <xsl:value-of select="Material"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level1"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level2"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level3"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level4"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level5"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level6"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level7"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="Level8"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="../Texts[$currentIndex]/ProductHierarchy"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="../Texts[$currentIndex]/Language"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:value-of select="../Texts[$currentIndex]/Description"/> <xsl:value-of select="$VarPipe"/> <xsl:if test="not(position() = last())"> <xsl:value-of select="$VarBreak"/> </xsl:if> </xsl:if> </xsl:for-each> </xsl:template> can anyone please suggest what function should i need to use to get the desired result. Regards, Giri

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  • L'EDI BlueJ est sorti dans sa version 3.0. Votre avis sur cet environnement de développement destiné

    Bonjour, BlueJ est un environnement de développement spécifiquement destiné à l'enseignement de Java, développé conjointement par l'Université de Deakin (Melbourne, Australie) et l'Université de Kent (Canterbury, Angleterre) et soutenu par Sun Microsystems. La dernière version majeure de BlueJ (2.0) datait de 2004. Au programme : Mise à jour du look de l'interface Scope highlighting Vue de navigation Complétion de code Que pensez-vous de cette initiative ? Source

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  • Inconsistent results in R with RNetCDF - why?

    - by sarcozona
    I am having trouble extracting data from NetCDF data files using RNetCDF. The data files each have 3 dimensions (longitude, latitude, and a date) and 3 variables (latitude, longitude, and a climate variable). There are four datasets, each with a different climate variable. Here is some of the output from print.nc(p8m.tmax) for clarity. The other datasets are identical except for the specific climate variable. dimensions: month = UNLIMITED ; // (1368 currently) lat = 3105 ; lon = 7025 ; variables: float lat(lat) ; lat:long_name = "latitude" ; lat:standard_name = "latitude" ; lat:units = "degrees_north" ; float lon(lon) ; lon:long_name = "longitude" ; lon:standard_name = "longitude" ; lon:units = "degrees_east" ; short tmax(lon, lat, month) ; tmax:missing_value = -9999 ; tmax:_FillValue = -9999 ; tmax:units = "degree_celsius" ; tmax:scale_factor = 0.01 ; tmax:valid_min = -5000 ; tmax:valid_max = 6000 ; I am getting behavior I don't understand when I use the var.get.nc function from the RNetCDF package. For example, when I attempt to extract 82 values beginning at stval from the maximum temperature data (p8m.tmax <- open.nc(tmaxdataset.nc)) with > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,82)) (where lon_val and lat_val specify the location in the dataset of the coordinates I'm interested in and stval is stval is set to which(time_vec==200201), which in this case equaled 1285.) I get Error: Invalid argument But after successfully extracting 80 and 81 values > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,80)) > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,81)) the command with 82 works: > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,82)) [1] 444 866 1063 ... [output snipped] The same problem occurs in the identically structured tmin file, but at 36 instead of 82: > var.get.nc(p8m.tmin,'tmin', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,36)) produces Error: Invalid argument But after repeating with counts of 30, 31, etc > var.get.nc(p8m.tmin,'tmin', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval), count=c(1,1,36)) works. These examples make it seem like the function is failing at the last count, but that actually isn't the case. In the first example, var.get.nc gave Error: Invalid argument after I asked for 84 values. I then narrowed the failure down to the 82nd count by varying the starting point in the dataset and asking for only 1 value at a time. The particular number the problem occurs at also varies. I can close and reopen the dataset and have the problem occur at a different location. In the particular examples above, lon_val and lat_val are 1595 and 1751, respectively, identifying the location in the dataset along the lat and lon dimensions for the latitude and longitude I'm interested in. The 1595th latitude and 1751th longitude are not the problem, however. The problem occurs with all other latitude and longitudes I've tried. Varying the starting location in the dataset along the climate variable dimension (stval) and/or specifying it different (as a number in the command instead of the object stval) also does not fix the problem. This problem doesn't always occur. I can run identical code three times in a row (clearing all objects in between runs) and get a different outcome each time. The first run may choke on the 7th entry I'm trying to get, the second might work fine, and the third run might choke on the 83rd entry. I'm absolutely baffled by such inconsistent behavior. The open.nc function has also started to fail with the same Error: Invalid argument. Like the var.get.nc problems, it also occurs inconsistently. Does anyone know what causes the initial failure to extract the variable? And how I might prevent it? Could have to do with the size of the data files (~60GB each) and/or the fact that I'm accessing them through networked drives? This was also asked here: https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2011-June/281233.html > sessionInfo() R version 2.13.0 (2011-04-13) Platform: i386-pc-mingw32/i386 (32-bit) locale: [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252 [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base other attached packages: [1] reshape_0.8.4 plyr_1.5.2 RNetCDF_1.5.2-2 loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] tools_2.13.0

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  • SEO For the Beginner - Three Basic Methods

    Search Engine Optimization, or SEO as it is known, is a process of improving the quality or amount of traffic that visits one's website through search engine results. For anyone who is just entering into this new world of search engine optimization, the scope of it can be overwhelming.

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  • Planning a Website and What to Expect

    A successful project begins with careful planning. No matter what the size of the task at hand (whether running errands or plotting for world domination), ample thought needs to be given to the task as a whole before the work begins. This is especially true for website development. Planning the strategy for the site and how the website fits into the larger vision of the project beyond the scope of the online presence is an absolutely essential phase for both the website developer and the client.

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  • ?11.2RAC??????????????

    - by JaneZhang(???)
           ?????,???????????????,???dbca???????,???????????dbca,?????????11.2???????,???????,??dbca??????????????????,????????????????     ????11.2???????RACDB2???,?????RACDB1? ?????rac1,????rac2?     ?11.2?,?????grid?????GI,??oracle????????,????????oracle?????? 1. ??????????????????,?????,???????????:audit_file_dest, background_dump_dest, user_dump_dest ?core_dump_dest????audit_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/RACDB/adump,?????????,?????????:ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 99252. ????????????????????????????:SQL> alter system set instance_number=2 scope=spfile sid='RACDB2';SQL> alter system set thread=2 scope=spfile sid='RACDB2';SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' scope=spfile sid='RACDB2';SQL> alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.0.2.122)(PORT=1521))))' sid='RACDB2'; <=====192.0.2.122???2?VIP 3. ???????DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init<sid>.ora ?????DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init<sid>.ora,??????????????init<sid>.ora ????,????spfile???:=======================SPFILE='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora'??:[oracle@rac1 ~]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initRACDB1.ora rac2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initRACDB2.ora <===????????24.  ??????/etc/oratab,????????????:RACDB2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N       5.  ???????????: DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ora<sid>.pwd ????DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ora<sid>.pwd,??????????????:[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwRACDB1 rac2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwRACDB2 <==?????26.  ?????????????,????????UNDO TABLESPACE?(??????dbca?????,???????undo tablespace????,?????????)??:SQL>CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2" DATAFILE '/dev/….' SIZE 4096M ;???????:SQL>CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2" DATAFILE '+DATA' SIZE 4096M ;7.  ?????????????,????????redo thread?redo log:??:SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2      group 3 ('/dev/...', '/dev/...') size 1024M,     group 4 ('/dev/...','dev/...') size 1024M;???????:SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2     group 3 ('+DATA','+RECO') size 1024M,     group 4 ('+DATA','+RECO') size 1024M;SQL> alter database enable thread 2; <==????thread8.  ??????????,?????????????:[oracle@rac2 admin]$su - oracle[oracle@rac2 admin]$export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1[oracle@rac2 admin]$export ORACLE_SID=RACDB2[oracle@rac2 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> startup <==??????,???????2????????????9. ?????OCR???GI??,?????????????:$srvctl add instance -d <database name> -i <new instance name> -n <new node name>Example of srvctl add instance command:============================[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d racdb -i RACDB2 -n rac2  <==????????,????ps -ef|grep smon???[oracle@rac2 dbs]$ ps -ef|grep smonroot      3453     1  1 Jun12 ?        04:03:05 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/osysmond.bingrid      3727     1  0 Jun12 ?        00:00:19 asm_smon_+ASM2oracle    5343  4543  0 14:06 pts/1    00:00:00 grep smonoracle   28736     1  0 Jun25 ?        00:00:03 ora_smon_RACDB2 <========??????10. ???????:$su - grid[grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t...ora.racdb.db      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open                      2        OFFLINE OFFLINE             rac2????,??????offline,????????????sqlplus??????sqlplus??????,???srvctl??:[grid@rac2 ~]$ su  - oraclePassword: [oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> shutdown immediate;Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> exit[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl start instance -d racdb -i RACDB2[oracle@rac2 ~]$ su - gridPassword: [grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -tora.racdb.db      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open                      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     Open                11. ?????????:[oracle@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res ora.racdb.db -pNAME=ora.racdb.dbTYPE=ora.database.typeACL=owner:oracle:rwx,pgrp:oinstall:rwx,other::r--ACTION_FAILURE_TEMPLATE=ACTION_SCRIPT=ACTIVE_PLACEMENT=1AGENT_FILENAME=%CRS_HOME%/bin/oraagent%CRS_EXE_SUFFIX%AUTO_START=restoreCARDINALITY=2CHECK_INTERVAL=1CHECK_TIMEOUT=30CLUSTER_DATABASE=trueDATABASE_TYPE=RACDB_UNIQUE_NAME=RACDBDEFAULT_TEMPLATE=PROPERTY(RESOURCE_CLASS=database) PROPERTY(DB_UNIQUE_NAME= CONCAT(PARSE(%NAME%, ., 2), %USR_ORA_DOMAIN%, .)) ELEMENT(INSTANCE_NAME= %GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME%) ELEMENT(DATABASE_TYPE= %DATABASE_TYPE%)DEGREE=1DESCRIPTION=Oracle Database resourceENABLED=1FAILOVER_DELAY=0FAILURE_INTERVAL=60FAILURE_THRESHOLD=1GEN_AUDIT_FILE_DEST=/u01/app/oracle/admin/RACDB/adumpGEN_START_OPTIONS=GEN_START_OPTIONS@SERVERNAME(rac1)=openGEN_START_OPTIONS@SERVERNAME(rac2)=openGEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME=GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(rac1)=RACDB1HOSTING_MEMBERS=INSTANCE_FAILOVER=0LOAD=1LOGGING_LEVEL=1MANAGEMENT_POLICY=AUTOMATICNLS_LANG=NOT_RESTARTING_TEMPLATE=OFFLINE_CHECK_INTERVAL=0ONLINE_RELOCATION_TIMEOUT=0ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_HOME_OLD=PLACEMENT=restrictedPROFILE_CHANGE_TEMPLATE=RESTART_ATTEMPTS=2ROLE=PRIMARYSCRIPT_TIMEOUT=60SERVER_POOLS=ora.RACDBSPFILE=+DATA/RACDB/spfileRACDB.oraSTART_DEPENDENCIES=hard(ora.DATA.dg,ora.RECO.dg) weak(type:ora.listener.type,global:type:ora.scan_listener.type,uniform:ora.ons,global:ora.gns) pullup(ora.DATA.dg,ora.RECO.dg)START_TIMEOUT=600STATE_CHANGE_TEMPLATE=STOP_DEPENDENCIES=hard(intermediate:ora.asm,shutdown:ora.DATA.dg,shutdown:ora.RECO.dg)STOP_TIMEOUT=600TYPE_VERSION=3.2UPTIME_THRESHOLD=1hUSR_ORA_DB_NAME=RACDBUSR_ORA_DOMAIN=USR_ORA_ENV=USR_ORA_FLAGS=USR_ORA_INST_NAME=USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(rac1)=RACDB1USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(rac2)=RACDB2USR_ORA_OPEN_MODE=openUSR_ORA_OPI=falseUSR_ORA_STOP_MODE=immediateVERSION=11.2.0.3.0???11.2,?OCR???database??,??????,???????????database???????database???????,??????,???????????????ASM????????????  ?:dbca ???????????:????????oracle????dbca:su - oracledbca?? RAC database?? Instance Management?? add an instance???active rac database??????? ??undo?redo??

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  • ?Oracle????SELECT????UNDO

    - by Liu Maclean(???)
    ????????Oracle?????(dirty read),?Oracle??????Asktom????????Oracle???????, ???undo??????????(before image)??????Consistent, ???????????????Oracle????????????? ????????? ??,??,Oracle?????????????RDBMS,???????????? ?????????2?????: _offline_rollback_segments or _corrupted_rollback_segments ?2?????????Oracle???????????ORA-600[4XXX]???????????????,???2??????Undo??Corruption????????????,?????2????????????????? ??????????????_offline_rollback_segments ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ?2?????: ???????(FORCE OPEN DATABASE) ????????????(consistent read & delayed block cleanout) ??????rollback segment??? ?????:???????Oracle????????,??????????2?????,?????????????!! _offline_rollback_segments ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ???????????: ??2???????Undo Segments(???/???)????????online ?UNDO$???????????OFFLINE??? ???instance??????????????????? ??????Undo Segments????????active transaction????????????dead??SMON???(????????SMON??(?):Recover Dead transaction) _OFFLINE_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS(offline undo segment list)????(hidden parameter)?????: ???startup???open database???????_OFFLINE_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????Undo segments(???/???),?????undo segments????????alert.log???TRACE?????,???????startup?? ?????????????,?ITL?????undo segments?: ???undo segments?transaction table?????????????????? ???????????commit,?????CR??? ????undo segments????(???corrupted??,???missed??)???????????alert.log,??????? ?DML?????????????????????????????????CPU,????????????????????? _CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS(corrupted undo segment list)??????????: ?????startup?open database???_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????undo segments(???/???)???????? ???????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS???undo segments????????????commit,???undo segments???drop??? ??????????? ??????????????????,?????????????????? ??bootstrap???????????,?????????ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure??,???????????(???Oracle????:??ORA-00600:[4000] ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure????) ??????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????????????????????,??????????????? Oracle???????TXChecker??????????? ???????2?????,??????????????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS?????SELECT????UNDO???????: SQL> alter system set event= '10513 trace name context forever, level 2' scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> alter system set "_in_memory_undo"=false scope=spfile; System altered. 10513 level 2 event????SMON ??rollback ??? dead transaction _in_memory_undo ?? in memory undo ?? SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 3140026368 bytes Fixed Size 2232472 bytes Variable Size 1795166056 bytes Database Buffers 1325400064 bytes Redo Buffers 17227776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. session A: SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> create table maclean tablespace users as select 1 t1 from dual connect by level exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('','MACLEAN'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 3 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processe ???????????,????current block, ????????,consistent gets??3? SQL> update maclean set t1=0; 501 rows updated. SQL> alter system checkpoint; System altered. ??session A?commit; ???? session: SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 505 consistent gets 0 physical reads 108 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ?????? ?????????undo??CR?,???consistent gets??? 505 [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL=YES |grep -v grep oracle 5841 5839 0 09:17 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ kill -9 5841 ??session A???Server Process????,???dead transaction ????smon?? select ktuxeusn, to_char(sysdate, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "Time", ktuxesiz, ktuxesta from x$ktuxe where ktuxecfl = 'DEAD'; KTUXEUSN Time KTUXESIZ KTUXESTA ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------------- 2 06-AUG-2012 09:20:45 7 ACTIVE ???1?active rollback segment SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 411 consistent gets 0 physical reads 108 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ????? ????kill?? ???smon ??dead transaction , ???????????? ?????undo??????? ????active?rollback segment??? SQL> select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where segment_id=2; SEGMENT_NAME ------------------------------ _SYSSMU2$ SQL> alter system set "_corrupted_rollback_segments"='_SYSSMU2$' scope=spfile; System altered. ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ?? ???2?rollback segment, ????????undo SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 3140026368 bytes Fixed Size 2232472 bytes Variable Size 1795166056 bytes Database Buffers 1325400064 bytes Redo Buffers 17227776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 94 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 228 recursive calls 0 db block gets 29 consistent gets 5 physical reads 116 redo size 514 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 4 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed SQL> / SUM(T1) ---------- 94 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 3 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 514 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ?????? consistent gets???3,?????????????????,??ITL???UNDO SEGMENTS?_corrupted_rollback_segments????,???????????COMMIT??,????UNDO? ???????,?????????????????????????(????????????????????),????????????????? ???? , ?????

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  • T-SQL Improvements And Data Types in ms sql 2008

    - by Aamir Hasan
     Microsoft SQL Server 2008 is a new version released in the first half of 2008 introducing new properties and capabilities to SQL Server product family. All these new and enhanced capabilities can be defined as the classic words like secure, reliable, scalable and manageable. SQL Server 2008 is secure. It is reliable. SQL2008 is scalable and is more manageable when compared to previous releases. Now we will have a look at the features that are making MS SQL Server 2008 more secure, more reliable, more scalable, etc. in details.Microsoft SQL Server 2008 provides T-SQL enhancements that improve performance and reliability. Itzik discusses composable DML, the ability to declare and initialize variables in the same statement, compound assignment operators, and more reliable object dependency information. Table-Valued ParametersInserts into structures with 1-N cardinality problematicOne order -> N order line items"N" is variable and can be largeDon't want to force a new order for every 20 line itemsOne database round-trip / line item slows things downNo ARRAY data type in SQL ServerXML composition/decomposition used as an alternativeTable-valued parameters solve this problemTable-Valued ParametersSQL Server has table variablesDECLARE @t TABLE (id int);SQL Server 2008 adds strongly typed table variablesCREATE TYPE mytab AS TABLE (id int);DECLARE @t mytab;Parameters must use strongly typed table variables Table Variables are Input OnlyDeclare and initialize TABLE variable  DECLARE @t mytab;  INSERT @t VALUES (1), (2), (3);  EXEC myproc @t;Procedure must declare variable READONLY  CREATE PROCEDURE usetable (    @t mytab READONLY ...)  AS    INSERT INTO lineitems SELECT * FROM @t;    UPDATE @t SET... -- no!T-SQL Syntax EnhancementsSingle statement declare and initialize  DECLARE @iint = 4;Compound Assignment Operators  SET @i += 1;Row constructors  DECLARE @t TABLE (id int, name varchar(20));  INSERT INTO @t VALUES    (1, 'Fred'), (2, 'Jim'), (3, 'Sue');Grouping SetsGrouping Sets allow multiple GROUP BY clauses in a single SQL statementMultiple, arbitrary, sets of subtotalsSingle read pass for performanceNested subtotals provide ever better performanceGrouping Sets are an ANSI-standardCOMPUTE BY is deprecatedGROUPING SETS, ROLLUP, CUBESQL Server 2008 - ANSI-syntax ROLLUP and CUBEPre-2008 non-ANSI syntax is deprecatedWITH ROLLUP produces n+1 different groupings of datawhere n is the number of columns in GROUP BYWITH CUBE produces 2^n different groupingswhere n is the number of columns in GROUP BYGROUPING SETS provide a "halfway measure"Just the number of different groupings you needGrouping Sets are visible in query planGROUPING_ID and GROUPINGGrouping Sets can produce non-homogeneous setsGrouping set includes NULL values for group membersNeed to distinguish by grouping and NULL valuesGROUPING (column expression) returns 0 or 1Is this a group based on column expr. or NULL value?GROUPING_ID (a,b,c) is a bitmaskGROUPING_ID bits are set based on column expressions a, b, and cMERGE StatementMultiple set operations in a single SQL statementUses multiple sets as inputMERGE target USING source ON ...Operations can be INSERT, UPDATE, DELETEOperations based onWHEN MATCHEDWHEN NOT MATCHED [BY TARGET] WHEN NOT MATCHED [BY SOURCE]More on MERGEMERGE statement can reference a $action columnUsed when MERGE used with OUTPUT clauseMultiple WHEN clauses possible For MATCHED and NOT MATCHED BY SOURCEOnly one WHEN clause for NOT MATCHED BY TARGETMERGE can be used with any table sourceA MERGE statement causes triggers to be fired onceRows affected includes total rows affected by all clausesMERGE PerformanceMERGE statement is transactionalNo explicit transaction requiredOne Pass Through TablesAt most a full outer joinMatching rows = when matchedLeft-outer join rows = when not matched by targetRight-outer join rows = when not matched by sourceMERGE and DeterminismUPDATE using a JOIN is non-deterministicIf more than one row in source matches ON clause, either/any row can be used for the UPDATEMERGE is deterministicIf more than one row in source matches ON clause, its an errorKeeping Track of DependenciesNew dependency views replace sp_dependsViews are kept in sync as changes occursys.dm_sql_referenced_entitiesLists all named entities that an object referencesExample: which objects does this stored procedure use?sys.dm_sql_referencing_entities 

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  • JavaScript: this

    - by bdukes
    JavaScript is a language steeped in juxtaposition.  It was made to “look like Java,” yet is dynamic and classless.  From this origin, we get the new operator and the this keyword.  You are probably used to this referring to the current instance of a class, so what could it mean in a language without classes? In JavaScript, this refers to the object off of which a function is referenced when it is invoked (unless it is invoked via call or apply). What this means is that this is not bound to your function, and can change depending on how your function is invoked. It also means that this changes when declaring a function inside another function (i.e. each function has its own this), such as when writing a callback. Let's see some of this in action: var obj = { count: 0, increment: function () { this.count += 1; }, logAfterTimeout = function () { setTimeout(function () { console.log(this.count); }, 1); } }; obj.increment(); console.log(obj.count); // 1 var increment = obj.increment; window.count = 'global count value: '; increment(); console.log(obj.count); // 1 console.log(window.count); // global count value: 1 var newObj = {count:50}; increment.call(newObj); console.log(newObj.count); // 51 obj.logAfterTimeout();// global count value: 1 obj.logAfterTimeout = function () { var proxiedFunction = $.proxy(function () { console.log(this.count); }, this); setTimeout(proxiedFunction, 1); }; obj.logAfterTimeout(); // 1 obj.logAfterTimeout = function () { var that = this; setTimeout(function () { console.log(that.count); }, 1); }; obj.logAfterTimeout(); // 1 The last couple of examples here demonstrate some methods for making sure you get the values you expect.  The first time logAfterTimeout is redefined, we use jQuery.proxy to create a new function which has its this permanently set to the passed in value (in this case, the current this).  The second time logAfterTimeout is redefined, we save the value of this in a variable (named that in this case, also often named self) and use the new variable in place of this. Now, all of this is to clarify what’s going on when you use this.  However, it’s pretty easy to avoid using this altogether in your code (especially in the way I’ve demonstrated above).  Instead of using this.count all over the place, it would have been much easier if I’d made count a variable instead of a property, and then I wouldn’t have to use this to refer to it.  var obj = (function () { var count = 0; return { increment: function () { count += 1; }, logAfterTimeout = function () { setTimeout(function () { console.log(count); }, 1); }, getCount: function () { return count; } }; }()); If you’re writing your code in this way, the main place you’ll run into issues with this is when handling DOM events (where this is the element on which the event occurred).  In that case, just be careful when using a callback within that event handler, that you’re not expecting this to still refer to the element (and use proxy or that/self if you need to refer to it). Finally, as demonstrated in the example, you can use call or apply on a function to set its this value.  This isn’t often needed, but you may also want to know that you can use apply to pass in an array of arguments to a function (e.g. console.log.apply(console, [1, 2, 3, 4])).

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  • Bitmask data insertions in SSDT Post-Deployment scripts

    - by jamiet
    On my current project we are using SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT) to manage our database schema and one of the tasks we need to do often is insert data into that schema once deployed; the typical method employed to do this is to leverage Post-Deployment scripts and that is exactly what we are doing. Our requirement is a little different though, our data is split up into various buckets that we need to selectively deploy on a case-by-case basis. I was going to use a SQLCMD variable for each bucket (defaulted to some value other than “Yes”) to define whether it should be deployed or not so we could use something like this in our Post-Deployment script: IF ($(DeployBucket1Flag) = 'Yes')BEGIN   :r .\Bucket1.data.sqlENDIF ($(DeployBucket2Flag) = 'Yes')BEGIN   :r .\Bucket2.data.sqlENDIF ($(DeployBucket3Flag) = 'Yes')BEGIN   :r .\Bucket3.data.sqlEND That works fine and is, I’m sure, a very common technique for doing this. It is however slightly ugly because we have to litter our deployment with various SQLCMD variables. My colleague James Rowland-Jones (whom I’m sure many of you know) suggested another technique – bitmasks. I won’t go into detail about how this works (James has already done that at Using a Bitmask - a practical example) but I’ll summarise by saying that you can deploy different combinations of the buckets simply by supplying a different numerical value for a single SQLCMD variable. Each bit of that value’s binary representation signifies whether a particular bucket should be deployed or not. This is better demonstrated using the following simple script (which can be easily leveraged inside your Post-Deployment scripts): /* $(DeployData) is a SQLCMD variable that would, if you were using this in SSDT, be declared in the SQLCMD variables section of your project file. It should contain a numerical value, defaulted to 0. In this example I have declared it using a :setvar statement. Test the affect of different values by changing the :setvar statement accordingly. Examples: :setvar DeployData 1 will deploy bucket 1 :setvar DeployData 2 will deploy bucket 2 :setvar DeployData 3   will deploy buckets 1 & 2 :setvar DeployData 6   will deploy buckets 2 & 3 :setvar DeployData 31  will deploy buckets 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 */ :setvar DeployData 0 DECLARE  @bitmask VARBINARY(MAX) = CONVERT(VARBINARY,$(DeployData)); IF (@bitmask & 1 = 1) BEGIN     PRINT 'Bucket 1 insertions'; END IF (@bitmask & 2 = 2) BEGIN     PRINT 'Bucket 2 insertions'; END IF (@bitmask & 4 = 4) BEGIN     PRINT 'Bucket 3 insertions'; END IF (@bitmask & 8 = 8) BEGIN     PRINT 'Bucket 4 insertions'; END IF (@bitmask & 16 = 16) BEGIN     PRINT 'Bucket 5 insertions'; END An example of running this using DeployData=6 The binary representation of 6 is 110. The second and third significant bits of that binary number are set to 1 and hence buckets 2 and 3 are “activated”. Hope that makes sense and is useful to some of you! @Jamiet P.S. I used the awesome HTML Copy feature of Visual Studio’s Productivity Power Tools in order to format the T-SQL code above for this blog post.

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  • [EF + Oracle] Entities

    - by JTorrecilla
    Prologue Following with the Serie I started yesterday about Entity Framework with Oracle, Today I am going to start talking about Entities. What is an Entity? A Entity is an object of the EF model corresponding to a record in a DB table. For example, let’s see, in Image 1 we can see one Entity from our model, and in the second one we can see the mapping done with the DB. (Image 1) (Image 2) More in depth a Entity is a Class inherited from the abstract class “EntityObject”, contained by the “System.Data.Objects.DataClasses” namespace. At the same time, this class inherits from the following Class and interfaces: StructuralObject: It is an Abstract class that inherits from INotifyPropertyChanging and INotifyPropertyChanged interfaces, and it exposes the events that manage the Changes of the class, and the functions related to check the data types of the Properties from our Entity.  IEntityWithKey: Interface which exposes the Key of the entity. IEntityWithChangeTracker: Interface which lets indicate the state of the entity (Detached, Modified, Added…) IEntityWithRelationships: Interface which indicates the relations about the entity. Which is the Content of a Entity? A Entity is composed by: Properties, Navigation Properties and Methods. What is a Property? A Entity Property is an object that represents a column from the mapped table from DB. It has a data type equivalent in .Net Framework to the DB Type. When we create the EF model, VS, internally, create the code for each Entity selected in the Tables step, such all methods that we will see in next steps. For each property, VS creates a structure similar to: · Private variable with the mapped Data type. · Function with a name like On{Property_Name}Changing({dataType} value): It manages the event which happens when we try to change the value. · Function with a name like On{Property_Name}Change: It manages the event raised when the property has changed successfully. · Property with Get and Set methods: The Set Method manages the private variable and do the following steps: Raise Changing event. Report the Entity is Changing. Set the prívate variable. For it, Use the SetValidValue function of the StructuralObject. There is a function for each datatype, and the functions takes 2 params: the value, and if the prop allow nulls. Invoke that the entity has been successfully changed. Invoke the Changed event of the Prop. ReportPropertyChanging and ReportPropertyChanged events, let, respectively, indicate that there is pending changes in the Entity, and the changes have success correctly. While the ReportPropertyChanged is raised, the Track State of the Entity will be changed. What is a Navigation Property? Navigation Properties are a kind of property of the type: EntityCollection<TEntity>, where TEntity is an Entity type from the model related with the current one, it is said, is a set of record from a related table in the DB. The EntityCollection class inherits from: · RelatedEnd: There is an abstract class that give the functions needed to obtein the related objects. · ICollection<TEntity> · IEnumerable<TEntity> · IEnumerable · IListSource For the previous interfaces, I wish recommend the following post from Jose Miguel Torres. Navigation properties allow us, to get and query easily objects related with the Entity. Methods? There is only one method in the Entity object. “Create{Entity}”, that allow us to create an object of the Entity by sending the parameters needed to create it. Finally After this chapter, we know what is an Entity, how is related to the DB and the relation to other Entities. In following chapters, we will se CRUD operations(Create, Read, Update, Delete).

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