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• Speed up MySQL for inserts (for testing purposes)

  - by Alex N

  I have a bit of software that needs to do a lot of INSERTs. In production environment there'll be some serious tweaking and testing and stuff like that, but now when I need to test it I'd like to speed up inserts as much as possible. Hence my question - is there a way to tweak mysql such that it doesn't do much disk I/O but keeps everything in RAM and syncs with disk rarely(like once n-seconds say?)

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• SQL Server: Database stuck in "Restoring" state

  - by Ian Boyd

  i backed up a data: BACKUP DATABASE MyDatabase TO DISK = 'MyDatabase.bak' WITH INIT --overwrite existing And then tried to restore it: RESTORE DATABASE MyDatabase FROM DISK = 'MyDatabase.bak' WITH REPLACE --force restore over specified database And now the database is stuck in the restoring state. Some people have theorized that it's because there was no log file in the backup, and it needed to be rolled forward using: RESTORE DATABASE MyDatabase WITH RECOVERY Except that, of course, fails: Msg 4333, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The database cannot be recovered because the log was not restored. Msg 3013, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 RESTORE DATABASE is terminating abnormally. And exactly what you want in a catastrophic situation is a restore that won't work. The backup contains both a data and log file: RESTORE FILELISTONLY FROM DISK = 'MyDatabase.bak' Logical Name PhysicalName ============= =============== MyDatabase C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\MyDatabase.mdf MyDatabase_log C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\MyDatabase_log.LDF

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• Help make sense of a KillDisk error/log

  - by user284194

  I have a hard drive that I've been trying to reformat. I tried reformatting it in the windows XP and 7 installers, and in an Ubuntu live cd with gparted. I tried using dd to 'zero' the drive as well with no success. Finally I ran across KillDisk after a search. I tried to zero the disk again with KillDisk and after 8 hours of zeroing I get the following errors in the log: ----------------------------------------Erase Session Begin--------------------------------------- 2010-03-23 19:35:54 Active@ KILLDISK for Windows Build 5.1.39 started Target: WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0 232.9 GB Located on: WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0 (Serial number: WD-WCANK9604799) Erase method: One Pass Zeros (1 pass) Passes: 1 Bad (unwritable) sectors detected from 1701 to 488397167 on Hard Disk 1. Error (the handle is invalid) refreshing device Hard Disk 1. Error (the handle is invalid) reading sector 0 on 81h. 2010-03-24 02:28:25 Total number of erased device(s): 0, partition(s): 0 -----------------------------------------Erase Session End---------------------------------------- Is the drive dead?

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• Alternative to udev functionality on OSX

  - by S1syphus

  I'm trying to create a custom file/check in check out script for external hardrives, however part of the script is from a Linux machine, which I have tested works fine, but uses udevinfo, OS X doesn't have udev, so is there anything that offers the same functionality? #!/bin/bash declare -a EXTERNAL_DISKS declare -a INTERNAL_DISKS for disk in /dev/[sh]d[a-z]; do eval `udevinfo -q env -n $disk` [ "$ID_BUS" = "usb" ] && EXTERNAL_DISKS=( ${EXTERNAL_DISKS[@]} $disk ) [ "$ID_BUS" = "scsi" ] && INTERNAL_DISKS=( ${INTERNAL_DISKS[@]} $disk ) done echo "Internal disks: ${INTERNAL_DISKS[@]}" echo "External disks: ${EXTERNAL_DISKS[@]}" Anybody know any alternatives? Or a way this could be accomplished on OSX using bash?

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• How are interrupts handled by dual processor machines?

  - by jeffD

  I have an idea of how interrupts are handled by a dual core CPU. I was wondering about how interrupt handling is implemented on a board with more than one physical processor. Is any of the interrupt responsibility determined by the physical board's configuration? Each processor must be able to handle some types of interrupts, like disk I/O. Unless there is some circuitry to manage and dispatch interrupts to the appropriate processor? My guess is that the scheme must be processor neutral, so that any processor and core can run the interrupt handler. If a core is waiting on a disk read, will that core be the one to run the interrupt handler when the disk is ready?

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• Detect block size for quota in Linux

  - by Chen Levy

  The limit placed on disk quota in Linux is counted in blocks. However, I found no reliable way to determine the block size. Tutorials I found refer to block size as 512 bytes, and sometimes as 1024 bytes. I got confused reading a post on LinuxForum.org for what a block size really means. So I tried to find that meaning in the context of quota. I found a "Determine the block size on hard disk filesystem for disk quota" tip on NixCraft, that suggested the command: dumpe2fs /dev/sdXN | grep -i 'Block size' or blockdev --getbsz /dev/sdXN But on my system those commands returned 4096, and when I checked the real quota block size on the same system, I got a block size of 1024 bytes. Is there a scriptable way to determine the quota block size on a device, short of creating a known sized file, and checking it's quota usage?

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• Perl - Internal File (create and execute)

  - by drewrockshard

  I have a quick question about creating files with perl and executing them. I wanted to know if it was possible to generate a file using perl (I actually need a .bat script) and then execute this file internally to the program. I know I can create files, and I have with perl, however, I'm wanting to do this internally to the program. So, what I want it to do is actually create a batch script internally to the program (no file is actually written to the disk, everything remains in memory, or the perl program), and then once it completes the writing of the file, I'd like to be able to actually execute this file, and then discard the file it just wrote. I'm basically trying to have it create a batch script on the fly, so that I can just have output text files from the output of the script, rather than creating the batch script on disk, then executing it, and then deleting the batch file from disk when its done. Can this be done and how would I go about doing this? Regards, Drew

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• Make is more OOPey - good structure?

  - by Tom

  Hi, I just want advice on whether I could improve structure around a particular class which handles all disk access functions The structure of my program is that I have a class called Disk which gets data from flatfiles and databases on a, you guessed it, hard disk drive. I have functions like LoadTextFileToStringList, WriteStringToTextFile, DeleteLineInTextFile etc which are kind of "generic methods" In the same class I also have some more specific methods such as GetXFromDisk where X might be a particular field in a database table/query. Should I separate out the generic methods from the specialised. Should I make another class which inherits the generic methods. At the moment my class is static as there is no need to have an internal state of the class. I'm not really OOPing am I? Thanks Thomas

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• How can I get read-ahead bytes?

  - by Bruno Martinez

  Operating systems read from disk more than what a program actually requests, because a program is likely to need nearby information in the future. In my application, when I fetch an item from disk, I would like to show an interval of information around the element. There's a trade off between how much information I request and show, and speed. However, since the OS already reads more than what I requested, accessing these bytes already in memory is free. What API can I use to find out what's in the OS caches? Alternatively, I could use memory mapped files. In that case, the problem reduces to finding out whether a page is swapped to disk or not. Can this be done in any common OS?

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• c program for this quesion

  - by sashi

  suppose that a disk drive has 5000 cylinders, numbered 0 to 4999. the drive is currently serving a request at cylinder 143 and the previous request was at cylinder 125. the ueue of pending requests in the given order is 86,1470,913,17774,948,1509,1022,1750,130. write a 'c' program for finding the total distance in cylinders that the disk arm moves to satisfy all the pending reuests from the current heads position, using SSTF scheduling algorith. seek time is the time for the disk arm to move the head to the cylider containing the desired sector. sstf algorithm selects the minimum seek time from the current head position.

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• Forward web request for directory index ('/') to an index.htm page in JBoss 4.0.5

  - by The Pretender

  I am using JBoss 4.0.5.GA to run a set of java applications. One of them is a web frontend, using Spring 1.4. URL mappings are configured in a way that 'fake' pages from request URLs are mapped to controllers. That means that when someone requests /index.htm, there's no actual 'index.htm' on disk, and that request maps to a specific conroller which then renders a jsp view. So the problem is as follows: I need to tell JBoss to somehow forward all requests for directory indices to corresponding 'index.htm' URLs like so: / ? /index.htm; /news/ ? /news/index.htm; /foo/bar/baz/ ? /foo/bar/baz/index.htm and so on. I can't use Tomcat's welcome-file-list feature because it looks for those files on disk, while all 'index.htm's are fake and don't actually exist on disk.

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• Implementing Transparent Persistence

  - by Jules

  Transparent persistence allows you to use regular objects instead of a database. The objects are automatically read from and written to disk. Examples of such systems are Gemstone and Rucksack (for common lisp). Simplified version of what they do: if you access foo.bar and bar is not in memory, it gets loaded from disk. If you do foo.bar = baz then the foo object gets updated on disk. Most systems also have some form of transactions, and they may have support for sharing objects across programs and even across a network. My question is what are the different techniques for implementing these kind of systems and what are the trade offs between these implementation approaches?

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• How to upload an image to imageshark using curl?

  - by cinek1lol

  Hello: I wrote a program using curl.exe that sends pictures to imageshark and receives a link to the pictures. The problem that I have to specify the path to the image on the disk, and the rest of my so constructed that I have uploaded these pictures to a binary char array And I mean, I can send these pictures to char variable, and not giving the file path (you know what I mean?) Not too much know how to use it to save the library directly to curl. I'll be very grateful for any help sorry I know little English. wants to send a file loaded POST method to the variable char binary. Programs that are written above, send the file to disk. Do you understand what's going on? This is look like I would like to send the file in char variable, rather than on the hard disk I found the program, but he sends the entire file, and I would like to have it sent to the variable char dz

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• Improving WPF memory usage

  - by Krishna

  Hello developers Is there any way you can store the UI state to disk when a WPF form has been minimised. I have a complex GUI with few Tab Controls and it consumes quite a bit of memory which is kept allocated when the application is not active. I was hoping one of you may have got this working along the lines (or similar) Application Active User does work, plays with UI - enters some information in the text boxes and moves around the tabs User minimises the form to work with other applications On Minimise, Save the current state to the disk and dispose the root tabcontrol On Activiate, build the root tabcontrol from the disk and add to the controls collection Before I divein to do this, I thought it will help me if I ask this question here. Please let me know your thoughts

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• How does the default Camera iPhone app manages to save a photo so fast?

  - by worriorbg

  Hello everyone. So far I've managed to create an app for iPhone that takes multiple images with about a 3 second interval between each. I`m processing each image in a separate thread asynchronously and everything is great till it gets to the moment for saving the image on the iPhone disk. Then it takes about 12 seconds to save the image to the disk using JPEG representation. How does Apple do it, how do they manage to save a single image so fast to the disk is there a trick they are using? I saw that the animations distract the user for a while, but still the time needed is below 12 seconds! Thanks in advance.

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• C or C++: how do loaders/wrappers work?

  - by guitar-

  Here's an example of what I mean... User runs LOADER.EXE program LOADER.EXE downloads another EXE but keeps it all in memory without saving it to disk Runs the downloaded EXE just as it would if it were executed from disk, but does it straight from memory I've seen a few applications like this, and I've never seen an example or an explanation of how it works. Does anyone know? Another example is having an encrypted EXE embedded in another one. It gets extracted and decrypted in memory, without ever being saved to disk before it gets executed. I've seen that one used in some applications to prevent piracy.

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• Querying Postgresql with a very large result set

  - by sanity

  In an application I need to query a Postgres DB where I expect tens or even hundreds of millions of rows in the result set. I might do this query once a day, or even more frequently. The query itself is relatively simple, although may involve a few JOINs. My question is: How smart is Postgres with respect to avoiding having to seek around the disk for each row of the result set? Given the time required for a hard disk seek, this could be extremely expensive. If this isn't an issue, how does Postgres avoid it? How does it know how to lay out data on the disk such that it can be streamed out in an efficient manner in response to this query?

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• question about Littles Law

  - by davit-datuashvili

  I know that Little's Law states (paraphrased): the average number of things in a system is the product of the average rate at which things leave the system and the average time each one spends in the system, or: n=x*(r+z); x-throughput r-response time z-think time r+z - average response time now i have question about a problem from programming pearls: Suppose that system makes 100 disk accesses to process a transaction (although some systems require fewer, some systems will require several hundred disk access per transaction). How many transactions per hour per disk can the system handle? please help

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• AD-Integrated DNS failure: "Access was Denied"

  - by goldPseudo

  I have a single Windows 2008 R2 server configured as a domain controller with Active Directory Domain Services and DNS Server. The DNS Server was recently uninstalled and reinstalled in an attempt to fix a (possibly unrelated) problem; the event log was previously flooded with errors (#4000, "The DNS Server was unable to open Active Directory...") which reinstalling did not fix. However, while before it was at least showing and resolving names from the local network (slowly), now it's showing nothing at all. (The original error started with a #4015 error "The DNS server has encountered a critical error from the Active Directory," followed by a long string of #4000 and a few #4004. This may have been caused when a new DNS name was recently added, but I can't be sure of the timing.) Attempting to manage the DNS through Administrative Tools > DNS brings up an error: The server SERVERNAME could not be contacted. The error was: Access was denied. Would you like to add it anyway? Selecting yes just puts a SERVERNAME item on the list, but with all the configuration options grayed out. I attempted editing my hosts file as per this post but to no avail. Running dcdiag, it does identify the home server properly, but fails right away testing connectivity with: Starting test: Connectivity The host blahblahblahyaddayaddayadda could not be resolved to an IP address. Check the DNS server, DHCP, server name, etc. Got error while checking LDAP and RPC connectivity. Please check your firewall settings. ......................... SERVERNAME failed test Connectivity Adding the blahblahblahyaddayaddayadda address to hosts (pointing at 127.0.0.1), the connectivity test succeeded but it didn't seem to solve the fundamental problem (Access was denied) so I hashed it out again. Primary DNS server is properly pointing at 127.0.0.1 according to ipconfig /all. And the DNS server is forwarding requests to external addresses properly (if slowly), but the resolving of local network names is borked. The DNS database itself is small enough that I am (grudgingly) able to rebuild it if need be, but the DNS Server doesn't seem willing to let me work with (or around) it at all. (and yes before you ask there are no system backups available) Where do I go from here? As requested, my (slightly obfuscated) dcdiag output: Directory Server Diagnosis Performing initial setup: Trying to find home server... Home Server = bulgogi * Identified AD Forest. Done gathering initial info. Doing initial required tests Testing server: Obfuscated\BULGOGI Starting test: Connectivity The host a-whole-lot-of-numbers._msdcs.obfuscated.address could not be resolved to an IP address. Check the DNS server, DHCP, server name, etc. Got error while checking LDAP and RPC connectivity. Please check your firewall settings. ......................... BULGOGI failed test Connectivity Doing primary tests Testing server: Obfuscated\BULGOGI Skipping all tests, because server BULGOGI is not responding to directory service requests. Running partition tests on : ForestDnsZones Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... ForestDnsZones passed test CheckSDRefDom Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... ForestDnsZones passed test CrossRefValidation Running partition tests on : DomainDnsZones Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... DomainDnsZones passed test CheckSDRefDom Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... DomainDnsZones passed test CrossRefValidation Running partition tests on : Schema Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... Schema passed test CheckSDRefDom Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... Schema passed test CrossRefValidation Running partition tests on : Configuration Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... Configuration passed test CheckSDRefDom Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... Configuration passed test CrossRefValidation Running partition tests on : obfuscated Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... obfuscated passed test CheckSDRefDom Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... obfuscated passed test CrossRefValidation Running enterprise tests on : obfuscated.address Starting test: LocatorCheck ......................... obfuscated.address passed test LocatorCheck Starting test: Intersite ......................... obfuscated.address passed test Intersite And my hosts file (minus the hashed lines for brevity): 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost And, for the sake of completion, here's selected chunks of my netstat -a -n output: TCP 0.0.0.0:88 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:464 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:593 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:3268 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:3269 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:3389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:9389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:47001 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49152 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49153 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49154 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49155 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49157 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49158 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49164 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49178 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:49179 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:50480 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 192.168.12.127:53 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 192.168.12.127:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 192.168.12.127:445 192.168.12.50:51118 ESTABLISHED TCP 192.168.12.127:3389 192.168.12.4:33579 ESTABLISHED TCP 192.168.12.127:3389 192.168.12.100:1115 ESTABLISHED TCP 192.168.12.127:50784 192.168.12.50:49174 ESTABLISHED <snip ipv6> UDP 0.0.0.0:123 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:500 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1645 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1645 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1646 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1646 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1812 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1812 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1813 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:1813 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:4500 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* UDP 0.0.0.0:59638 *:* <snip a few thousand lines> UDP 0.0.0.0:62140 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:53 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:49540 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:49541 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:53655 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:54946 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:58345 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:63352 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:63728 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:63729 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:64215 *:* UDP 127.0.0.1:64646 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:53 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:67 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:68 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:88 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:137 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:138 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:389 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:464 *:* UDP 192.168.12.127:2535 *:* <snip ipv6 again>

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• Upgrading Windows 8 boot to VHD to Windows 8.1&ndash;Step by step guide

  - by Liam Westley

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/twickers/archive/2013/10/19/upgrading-windows-8-boot-to-vhd-to-windows-8.1ndashstep-by.aspxBoot to VHD – dual booting Windows 7 and Windows 8 became easy When Windows 8 arrived, quite a few people decided that they would still dual boot their machines, and instead of mucking about with resizing disk partitions to free up space for Windows 8 they decided to use the boot from VHD feature to create a huge hard disc image into which Windows 8 could be installed.  Scott Hanselman wrote this installation guide, while I myself used the installation guide from Ed Bott of ZD net fame. Boot to VHD is a great solution, it achieves a dual boot, can be backed up easily and had virtually no effect on the original Windows 7 partition. As a developer who has dual booted Windows operating systems for years, hacking boot.ini files, the boot to VHD was a much easier solution. Upgrade to Windows 8.1 – ah, you can’t do that on a virtual disk installation (boot to VHD) Last week the final version of Windows 8.1 arrived, and I went into the Windows Store to upgrade.  Luckily I’m on a fast download service, and use an SSD, because once the upgrade was downloaded and prepared Windows informed that This PC can’t run Windows 8.1, and provided the reason, You can’t install Windows on a virtual drive.  You can see an image of the message and discussion that sparked my search for a solution in this Microsoft Technet forum post. I was determined not to have to resize partitions yet again and fiddle with VHD to disk utilities and back again, and in the end I did succeed in upgrading to a Windows 8.1 boot to VHD partition.  It takes quite a bit of effort though … tldr; Simple steps of how you upgrade Boot into Windows 7 – make a copy of your Windows 8 VHD, to become Windows 8.1 Enable Hyper-V in your Windows 8 (the original boot to VHD partition) Create a new virtual machine, attaching the copy of your Windows 8 VHD Start the virtual machine, upgrade it via the Windows Store to Windows 8.1 Shutdown the virtual machine Boot into Windows 7 – use the bcedit tool to create a new Windows 8.1 boot to VHD option (pointing at the copy) Boot into the new Windows 8.1 option Reactivate Windows 8.1 (it will have become deactivated by running under Hyper-V) Remove the original Windows 8 VHD, and in Windows 7 use bcedit to remove it from the boot menu Things you’ll need A system that can run Hyper-V under Windows 8 (Intel i5, i7 class CPU) Enough space to have your original Windows 8 boot to VHD and a copy at the same time An ISO or DVD for Windows 8 to create a bootable Windows 8 partition Step by step guide Boot to your base o/s, the real one, Windows 7. Make a copy of the Windows 8 VHD file that you use to boot Windows 8 (via boot from VHD) – I copied it from a folder on C: called VHD-Win8 to VHD-Win8.1 on my N: drive. Reboot your system into Windows 8, and enable Hyper-V if not already present (this may require reboot) Use the Hyper-V manager , create a new Hyper-V machine, using half your system memory, and use the option to attach an existing VHD on the main IDE controller – this will be the new copy you made in Step 2. Start the virtual machine, use Connect to view it, and you’ll probably discover it cannot boot as there is no boot record If this is the case, go to Hyper-V manager, edit the Settings for the virtual machine to attach an ISO of a Windows 8 DVD to the second IDE controller. Start the virtual machine, use Connect to view it, and it should now attempt a fresh installation of Windows 8.  You should select Advanced Options and choose Repair - this will make VHD bootable When the setup reboots your virtual machine, turn off the virtual machine, and remove the ISO of the Windows 8 DVD from the virtual machine settings. Start virtual machine, use Connect to view it.  You will see the devices to be re-discovered (including your quad CPU becoming single CPU).  Eventually you should see the Windows Login screen. You may notice that your desktop background (Win+D) will have turned black as your Windows installation has become deactivate due to the hardware changes between your real PC and Hyper-V. Fortunately becoming deactivated, does not stop you using the Windows Store, where you can select the update to Windows 8.1. You can now watch the progress joy of the Windows 8 update; downloading, preparing to update, checking compatibility, gathering info, preparing to restart, and finally, confirm restart - remember that you are restarting your virtual machine sitting on the copy of the VHD, not the Windows 8 boot to VHD you are currently using to run Hyper-V (confused yet?) After the reboot you get the real upgrade messages; setting up x%, xx%, (quite slow) After a while, Getting ready Applying PC Settings x%, xx% (really slow) Updating your system (fast) Setting up a few more things x%, (quite slow) Getting ready, again Accept license terms Express settings Confirmed previous password Next, I had to set up a Microsoft account – which is possibly now required, and not optional Using the Microsoft account required a 2 factor authorization, via text message, a 7 digit code for me Finalising settings Blank screen, HI .. We're setting up things for you (similar to original Windows 8 install) 'You can get new apps from the Store', below which is ’Installing your apps’ - I had Windows Media Center which is counts as an app from the Store ‘Taking care of a few things’, below which is ‘Installing your apps’ ‘Taking care of a few things’, below ‘Don't turn off your PC’ ‘Getting your apps ready’, below ‘Don't turn off your PC’ ‘Almost ready’, below ‘Don't turn off your PC’ … finally, we get the Windows 8.1 start menu, and a quick Win+D to check the desktop confirmed all the application icons I expected, pinned items on the taskbar, and one app moaning about a missing drive At this point the upgrade is complete – you can shutdown the virtual machine Reboot from the original Windows 8 and return to Windows 7 to configure booting to the Windows 8.1 copy of the VHD In an administrator command prompt do following use the bcdedit tool (from an MSDN blog about configuring VHD to boot in Windows 7) Type bcedit to list the current boot options, so you can copy the GUID (complete with brackets/braces) for the original Windows 8 boot to VHD Create a new menu option, copy of the Windows 8 option; bcdedit /copy {originalguid} /d "Windows 8.1" Point the new Windows 8.1 option to the copy of the VHD; bcdedit /set {newguid} device vhd=[D:]\Image.vhd Point the new Windows 8.1 option to the copy of the VHD; bcdedit /set {newguid} osdevice vhd=[D:]\Image.vhd Set autodetection of the HAL (may already be set); bcdedit /set {newguid} detecthal on Reboot from Windows 7 and select the new option 'Windows 8.1' on the boot menu, and you’ll have some messages to look at, as your hardware is redetected (as you are back from 1 CPU to 4 CPUs) ‘Getting devices ready, blank then %xx, with occasional blank screen, for the graphics driver, (fast-ish) Getting Ready message (fast) You will have to suffer one final reboots, choose 'Windows 8.1' and you can now login to a lovely Windows 8.1 start screen running on non virtualized hardware via boot to VHD After checking everything is running fine, you can now choose to Activate Windows, which for me was a toll free phone call to the automated system where you type in lots of numbers to be given a whole bunch of new activation codes. Once you’re happy with your new Windows 8.1 boot to VHD, and no longer need the Windows 8 boot to VHD, feel free to delete the old one.  I do believe once you upgrade, you are no longer licensed to use it anyway. There, that was simple wasn’t it? Looking at the huge list of steps it took to perform this upgrade, you may wonder whether I think this is worth it.  Well, I think it is worth booting to VHD.  It makes backups a snap (go to Windows 7, copy the VHD, you backed up the o/s) and helps with disk management – want to move the o/s, you can move the VHD and repoint the boot menu to the new location. The downside is that Microsoft has complete neglected to support boot to VHD as an upgradable option.  Quite a poor decision in my opinion, and if you read twitter and the forums quite a few people agree with that view.  It’s a shame this got missed in the work on creating the upgrade packages for Windows 8.1.

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• SQL SERVER – FIX : ERROR : 4214 BACKUP LOG cannot be performed because there is no current database

  - by pinaldave

  I recently got following email from one of the reader. Hi Pinal, Even thought my database is in full recovery mode when I try to take log backup I am getting following error. BACKUP LOG cannot be performed because there is no current database backup. (Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo) How to fix it? Thanks, [name and email removed as requested] Solution / Fix: This error can happen when you have never taken full backup of your database and you try to attempt to take backup of the log only. Take full backup once and attempt to take log back up. If the name of your database is MyTestDB follow procedure as following. BACKUP DATABASE [MyTestDB] TO DISK = N'C:\MyTestDB.bak' GO BACKUP LOG [MyTestDB] TO DISK = N'C:\MyTestDB.bak' GO Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Backup and Restore, SQL Error Messages, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL Log

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• Don’t miss rare Venus transit across Sun on June 5th. Once in a life time event.

  - by Gopinath

  Space lovers here is a rare event you don’t want to miss. On June 5th or 6th of 2012,depending on which part of the globe you live, the planet Venus will pass across Sun and it will not happen again until 2117. During the six hour long spectacular transit you can see the shadow of Venus cross Sun. The transit of Venus occurs in pairs eight years apart, with the previous one taking place in 2004. The next pair of transits occurs after 105.5 & 121.5 years later. The best place to watch the event would be a planetarium nearby with telescope facility. If not you watch it directly but must protect your eyes at all times with proper solar filters. Where can we see the transit? The transit of Venus is going to be clearly visible in Europe, Asia, United States and some part of Australia. Americans will be able to see transit in the evening of Tuesday, June 5, 2012. Eurasians and Africans can see the transit in the morning of June 6, 2012. At what time the event occurs? The principal events occurring during a transit are conveniently characterized by contacts, analogous to the contacts of an annular solar eclipse. The transit begins with contact I, the instant the planet’s disk is externally tangent to the Sun. Shortly after contact I, the planet can be seen as a small notch along the solar limb. The entire disk of the planet is first seen at contact II when the planet is internally tangent to the Sun. Over the course of several hours, the silhouetted planet slowly traverses the solar disk. At contact III, the planet reaches the opposite limb and once again is internally tangent to the Sun. Finally, the transit ends at contact IV when the planet’s limb is externally tangent to the Sun. Event Universal Time Contact I 22:09:38 Contact II 22:27:34 Greatest 01:29:36 Contact III 04:31:39 Contact IV 04:49:35   Transit of Venus animation Here is a nice video animation on the transit of Venus Map courtesy of Steven van Roode, source NASA

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• How to Use An Antivirus Boot Disc or USB Drive to Ensure Your Computer is Clean

  - by Chris Hoffman

  If your computer is infected with malware, running an antivirus within Windows may not be enough to remove it. If your computer has a rootkit, the malware may be able to hide itself from your antivirus software. This is where bootable antivirus solutions come in. They can clean malware from outside the infected Windows system, so the malware won’t be running and interfering with the clean-up process. The Problem With Cleaning Up Malware From Within Windows Standard antivirus software runs within Windows. If your computer is infected with malware, the antivirus software will have to do battle with the malware. Antivirus software will try to stop the malware and remove it, while the malware will attempt to defend itself and shut down the antivirus. For really nasty malware, your antivirus software may not be able to fully remove it from within Windows. Rootkits, a type of malware that hides itself, can be even trickier. A rootkit could load at boot time before other Windows components and prevent Windows from seeing it, hide its processes from the task manager, and even trick antivirus applications into believing that the rootkit isn’t running. The problem here is that the malware and antivirus are both running on the computer at the same time. The antivirus is attempting to fight the malware on its home turf — the malware can put up a fight. Why You Should Use an Antivirus Boot Disc Antivirus boot discs deal with this by approaching the malware from outside Windows. You boot your computer from a CD or USB drive containing the antivirus and it loads a specialized operating system from the disc. Even if your Windows installation is completely infected with malware, the special operating system won’t have any malware running within it. This means the antivirus program can work on the Windows installation from outside it. The malware won’t be running while the antivirus tries to remove it, so the antivirus can methodically locate and remove the harmful software without it interfering. Any rootkits won’t be able to set up the tricks they use at Windows boot time to hide themselves from the rest o the operating system. The antivirus will be able to see the rootkits and remove them. These tools are often referred to as “rescue disks.” They’re meant to be used when you need to rescue a hopelessly infected system. Bootable Antivirus Options As with any type of antivirus software, you have quite a few options. Many antivirus companies offer bootable antivirus systems based on their antivirus software. These tools are generally free, even when they’re offered by companies that specialized in paid antivirus solutions. Here are a few good options: avast! Rescue Disk – We like avast! for offering a capable free antivirus with good detection rates in independent tests. avast! now offers the ability to create an antivirus boot disc or USB drive. Just navigate to the Tools -> Rescue Disk option in the avast! desktop application to create bootable media. BitDefender Rescue CD – BitDefender always seems to receive good scores in independent tests, and the BitDefender Rescue CD offers the same antivirus engine in the form of a bootable disc. Kaspersky Rescue Disk – Kaspersky also receives good scores in independent tests and offers its own antivirus boot disc. These are just a handful of options. If you prefer another antivirus for some reason — Comodo, Norton, Avira, ESET, or almost any other antivirus product — you’ll probably find that it offers its own system rescue disk. How to Use an Antivirus Boot Disc Using an antivirus boot disc or USB drive is actually pretty simple. You’ll just need to find the antivirus boot disc you want to use and burn it to disc or install it on a USB drive. You can do this part on any computer, so you can create antivirus boot media on a clean computer and then take it to an infected computer. Insert the boot media into the infected computer and then reboot. The computer should boot from the removable media and load the secure antivirus environment. (If it doesn’t, you may need to change the boot order in your BIOS or UEFI firmware.) You can then follow the instructions on your screen to scan your Windows system for malware and remove it. No malware will be running in the background while you do this. Antivirus boot discs are useful because they allow you to detect and clean malware infections from outside an infected operating system. If the operating system is severely infected, it may not be possible to remove — or even detect — all the malware from within it. Image Credit: aussiegall on Flickr     

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• SQL SERVER – LCK_M_XXX – Wait Type – Day 15 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  Locking is a mechanism used by the SQL Server Database Engine to synchronize access by multiple users to the same piece of data, at the same time. In simpler words, it maintains the integrity of data by protecting (or preventing) access to the database object. From Book On-Line: LCK_M_BU Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire a Bulk Update (BU) lock. LCK_M_IS Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire an Intent Shared (IS) lock. LCK_M_IU Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire an Intent Update (IU) lock. LCK_M_IX Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire an Intent Exclusive (IX) lock. LCK_M_S Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire a Shared lock. LCK_M_SCH_M Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire a Schema Modify lock. LCK_M_SCH_S Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire a Schema Share lock. LCK_M_SIU Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire a Shared With Intent Update lock. LCK_M_SIX Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire a Shared With Intent Exclusive lock. LCK_M_U Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire an Update lock. LCK_M_UIX Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire an Update With Intent Exclusive lock. LCK_M_X Occurs when a task is waiting to acquire an Exclusive lock. LCK_M_XXX Explanation: I think the explanation of this wait type is the simplest. When any task is waiting to acquire lock on any resource, this particular wait type occurs. The common reason for the task to be waiting to put lock on the resource is that the resource is already locked and some other operations may be going on within it. This wait also indicates that resources are not available or are occupied at the moment due to some reasons. There is a good chance that the waiting queries start to time out if this wait type is very high. Client application may degrade the performance as well. You can use various methods to find blocking queries: EXEC sp_who2 SQL SERVER – Quickest Way to Identify Blocking Query and Resolution – Dirty Solution DMV – sys.dm_tran_locks DMV – sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks Reducing LCK_M_XXX wait: Check the Explicit Transactions. If transactions are very long, this wait type can start building up because of other waiting transactions. Keep the transactions small. Serialization Isolation can build up this wait type. If that is an acceptable isolation for your business, this wait type may be natural. The default isolation of SQL Server is ‘Read Committed’. One of my clients has changed their isolation to “Read Uncommitted”. I strongly discourage the use of this because this will probably lead to having lots of dirty data in the database. Identify blocking queries mentioned using various methods described above, and then optimize them. Partition can be one of the options to consider because this will allow transactions to execute concurrently on different partitions. If there are runaway queries, use timeout. (Please discuss this solution with your database architect first as timeout can work against you). Check if there is no memory and IO-related issue using the following counters: Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussion of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• “Query cost (relative to the batch)” <> Query cost relative to batch

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  OK, so that is quite a contradictory title, but unfortunately it is true that a common misconception is that the query with the highest percentage relative to batch is the worst performing.  Simply put, it is a lie, or more accurately we dont understand what these figures mean. Consider the two below simple queries: SELECT * FROM Person.BusinessEntity JOIN Person.BusinessEntityAddress ON Person.BusinessEntity.BusinessEntityID = Person.BusinessEntityAddress.BusinessEntityID go SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID After executing these and looking at the plans, I see this : So, a 13% / 87% split ,  but 13% / 87% of WHAT ? CPU ? Duration ? Reads ? Writes ? or some magical weighted algorithm ?  In a Profiler trace of the two we can find the metrics we are interested in. CPU and duration are well out but what about reads (210 and 1935)? To save you doing the maths, though you are more than welcome to, that’s a 90.2% / 9.8% split.  Close, but no cigar. Lets try a different tact.  Looking at the execution plan the “Estimated Subtree cost” of query 1 is 0.29449 and query 2 its 1.96596.  Again to save you the maths that works out to 13.03% and 86.97%, round those and thats the figures we are after.  But, what is the worrying word there ? “Estimated”.  So these are not “actual”  execution costs,  but what’s the problem in comparing the estimated costs to derive a meaning of “Most Costly”.  Well, in the case of simple queries such as the above , probably not a lot.  In more complicated queries , a fair bit. By modifying the second query to also show the total number of lines on each order SELECT *,COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID) FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID The split in percentages is now 6% / 94% and the profiler metrics are : Even more of a discrepancy. Estimates can be out with actuals for a whole host of reasons,  scalar UDF’s are a particular bug bear of mine and in-fact the cost of a udf call is entirely hidden inside the execution plan.  It always estimates to 0 (well, a very small number). Take for instance the following udf Create Function dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(@CustomerId integer) returns money as begin Declare @Sum money Select @Sum= SUM(SalesOrderHeader.TotalDue) from Sales.SalesOrderHeader where CustomerID = @CustomerId return @Sum end If we have two statements , one that fires the udf and another that doesn't: Select CustomerID from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID go Select CustomerID,dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(Customer.CustomerID) from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID The costs relative to batch is a 50/50 split, but the has to be an actual cost of firing the udf. Indeed profiler shows us : No where even remotely near 50/50!!!! Moving forward to window framing functionality in SQL Server 2012 the optimizer sees ROWS and RANGE ( see here for their functional differences) as the same ‘cost’ too SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid RANGE unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail go SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid Rows unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail By now it wont be a great display to show you the Profiler trace reads a *tiny* bit different. So moral of the story, Percentage relative to batch can give a rough ‘finger in the air’ measurement, but dont rely on it as fact.

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