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  • Encryption setup for Linux NAS?

    - by Daniel
    There's a bazillion hard disk encryption HOWTOs, but somehow I can't find one that actually does what I want. Which is: I have a home NAS running Ubuntu, which is being accessed by a Linux and a Win XP client. (Hopefully MacOS X soon...) I want to setup encryption for home dirs on the NAS so that: It does not interfere with the boot process (since the NAS it tucked away in a cupboard), the home dirs should be accessible as a regular file system on the client(s) (e.g. via SMB), it is easy to use by 'normal' people, (so it does not require SSH-ing to the NAS, mount the encrypted partition on command line, then connecting via SMB, and finally umount the partition after being done. I can't explain that to my mom, or in fact to anyone.) does not store the encryption key the NAS itself, encrypts file meta-data and content (i.e. safe against the 'RIAA' attack, where an intruder should not be able to identify which songs are in your MP3 collection). What I hoped to do was use Samba + PAM. The idea was that on connecting to the SMB server, I'd have to enter the password on the client, which sends it to the server for authentication, which would use the password to mount the encrpytion partition, and would unmount it again when the session was closed. Turns out that doesn't really work, because SMB does not transmit the password in the plain and hence I can't configure PAM to use the incoming password to mount the encrypted patition. So... anything I'm overlooking? Is there any way in which I can use the password entered on the client (e.g. on SMB connect) to initiate mounting the encrypted dir on the server?

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  • Slow performance on VMWare Linux server after Tomcat install

    - by Loftx
    We have a VMWare ESXi 4.1 server hosting a number of Linux and Windows guests. Recently a new Linux guest was added to this server and seemed to be performing well. Tomcat and some other applications on this server were then installed which seem to have caused the server to run really slowly without any obvious resource issues. Slow performance include: The time taken to bring up the password prompt over ssh takes a few seconds when it was previously instantaneous. The time taken to unzip a zip file which was previously a few seconds now takes around 30 seconds The time taken to compile vmware tools has increased by similar factors Both the VMWare console and monitoring commands don't report any issues with high CPU or memory usage but something is obviously slowing the server down somehow. Does anyone have any ideas what may be causing this issue and how it can be resolved? Thanks, Tom Edit As per your questions I’ve looked at some of the performance indicators on both the VM host and VM guest indicated. Firstly I tried reserving the full amount of memory (3gb) for this VM – no other machines on this server have any memory reservation. The swap in rate and swap out rate for the VM host and guest are now both zero. Balloon memory on the guest is zero and on the host is 3.5gb (total memory on the host is 12gb) The swap rate for the guest is also zero. Swap used by the host is 200mb on average. Compression and decompression rates for the host and guest are zero. Command aborts for the host are zero. Read latency is very low – maximum 10ms average 0.8ms. Write latency is higher – a few spikes to 170ms but mostly around 25ms – is this bad? Queue command latency is zero . Physical disk read latency averages 5ms but often 10ms Physical disk write latency averages 15ms but is often 20ms I hope this helps - let me know if you need any more information.

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  • VNC server failed to start CentOS

    - by Shaun
    I followed a tutorial on how to install and get VNCserver to run on CentOS 6 (since freenx isnt supported yet) and I keep getting Starting VNC server: 1:user [FAILED] How do I figure out whats going on here? Im new to Linux/CentOS and im trying to get RDP going so I can step away from SSH as much as possible (you know us Windows users love our pretty GUI's). So, where is the error log at and how do I find it? Or maybe someone else has experienced this and knows the solution based on the simple error given? After running in debug mode, here is my error + . /etc/init.d/functions ++ TEXTDOMAIN=initscripts ++ umask 022 ++ PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin ++ export PATH ++ '[' -z '' ']' ++ COLUMNS=80 ++ '[' -z '' ']' +++ /sbin/consoletype ++ CONSOLETYPE=pty ++ '[' -f /etc/sysconfig/i18n -a -z '' -a -z '' ']' ++ . /etc/profile.d/lang.sh ++ unset LANGSH_SOURCED ++ '[' -z '' ']' ++ '[' -f /etc/sysconfig/init ']' ++ . /etc/sysconfig/init +++ BOOTUP=color +++ RES_COL=60 +++ MOVE_TO_COL='echo -en \033[60G' +++ SETCOLOR_SUCCESS='echo -en \033[0;32m' +++ SETCOLOR_FAILURE='echo -en \033[0;31m' +++ SETCOLOR_WARNING='echo -en \033[0;33m' +++ SETCOLOR_NORMAL='echo -en \033[0;39m' +++ PROMPT=yes +++ AUTOSWAP=no +++ ACTIVE_CONSOLES='/dev/tty[1-6]' +++ SINGLE=/sbin/sushell ++ '[' pty = serial ']' ++ __sed_discard_ignored_files='/\(~\|\.bak\|\.orig\|\.rpmnew\|\.rpmorig\|\.rpmsave\)$/d' + '[' -r /etc/sysconfig/vncservers ']' + . /etc/sysconfig/vncservers ++ VNCSERVERS='1:larry 2:moe 3:curly' ++ VNCSERVERARGS[1]='-geometry 800x600' ++ VNCSERVERARGS[2]='-geometry 640x480' ++ VNCSERVERARGS[3]='-geometry 640x480' + prog='VNC server' + RETVAL=0 + case "$1" in + start + '[' 0 '!=' 0 ']' + . /etc/sysconfig/network ++ NETWORKING=yes ++ HOSTNAME=vps.binaryvisionaries.com ++ DOMAINNAME=server.name ++ GATEWAYDEV=venet0 ++ NETWORKING_IPV6=yes ++ IPV6_DEFAULTDEV=venet0 + '[' yes = no ']' + '[' -x /usr/bin/vncserver ']' + '[' -x /usr/bin/Xvnc ']' + echo -n 'Starting VNC server: ' Starting VNC server: + RETVAL=0 + '[' '!' -d /tmp/.X11-unix ']' + for display in '${VNCSERVERS}' + SERVS=1 + echo -n '1:larry ' 1:larry + DISP=1 + USER=larry + VNCUSERARGS='-geometry 800x600' + runuser -l larry -c 'cd ~larry && [ -r .vnc/passwd ] && vncserver :1 -geometry 800x600' + RETVAL=1 + '[' 1 -eq 0 ']' + break + '[' -z 1 ']' + '[' 1 -eq 0 ']' + failure 'vncserver start' + local rc=1 + '[' color '!=' verbose -a -z '' ']' + echo_failure + '[' color = color ']' + echo -en '\033[60G' + echo -n '[' [+ '[' color = color ']' + echo -en '\033[0;31m' + echo -n FAILED FAILED+ '[' color = color ']' + echo -en '\033[0;39m' + echo -n ']' ]+ echo -ne '\r' + return 1 + '[' -x /usr/bin/plymouth ']' + /usr/bin/plymouth --details + return 1 + echo + '[' 1 -eq 98 ']' + return 1 + exit 1

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  • Best way to 'harden' embedded ext4 file server against unexpected loss of power?

    - by Jeremy Friesner
    Hi all, First, a little background: my company makes an audio streaming device that is a headless, rack-mounted Linux box with a couple of SSDs attached. Each SSD is formatted with ext4. The users can connect to the system using Samba/CIFS to upload new audio files or access existing ones. There is also custom software for streaming out audio over the network. This is all fine. The only problem is that the users are audio people, not computer people, and see the system as a 'black box', not as a computer. Which means that at the end of the day, they aren't going to ssh in to the box and enter "/sbin/shutdown -h"; they are just going to cut power to the rack and leave, and expect things to still work properly the next day. Since ext4 has journalling, journal checksumming, etc, this mostly works. The only time it doesn't work is when someone uploads a new file via Samba and then cuts power to the system before the uploaded data has been fully flushed to the disk. In that case, they come in the next day and find that their new file has been truncated or is missing entirely, and are unhappy. My question is, what is the best way to avoid this problem? Is there a way to get smbd to call "sync" at the end of every upload? (Performance on uploads isn't so important, since they only happen occasionally). Or is there a way to tell ext4 to automatically flush within a few seconds of any change to a file? (Again, performance can be sacrificed for safety here) Should I set a particular write-ordering mode, activate barriers, etc?

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  • Installing Tomcat on CentOS 5

    - by andybaird
    Disclaimer: I am not a server admin, I am a windows user that has lead a life of sinful installation wizards and drag and drop I'm attempting to install Tomcat on CentOS 5 hosted by a MediaTemple dedicated virtual server. I basically followed this guide: Installed jpackage and configured the yum.repo.d jpackage file to set enabled=1 Used yum to install java (yum install java) Downloaded the binary distribution of tomcat with "wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.14/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.14.tar.gz" set JAVA_HOME to point at the jdk location I found with "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0/" I gunzip/untar the Tomcat files and run ./startup.sh to start the Tomcat server. That is supposed to put the Tomcat server at myserver.com:8080 - however, I just get a could not contact host error when I try to browse to it (or when I try 'curl localhost:8080' from SSH) After I type ./startup.sh, here is the console output: [root@myserver bin]# ./startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.14 Using CATALINA_HOME: /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.14 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /root/apache-tomcat-6.0.14/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0/ [root@myserver bin]# Is there a step I have missed here? Edit: I've now discovered by looking at the log the following error is occuring: Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap

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  • ubuntu - Best way of repartitioning a (running) production server

    - by egarcia
    I've got an (externally hosted) production server running Ubuntu LTS. It serves webpages (rails) and has an svn repository accesible through Apache, and a PostgreSQL db. I've got ssh access to the server and root privileges. Most of the "interesting" stuff is located in /var/ : svn repositories are inside /var/svn, web pages under /var/www, etc. Yesterday I was curious about how much disk space had it left, so I did the following: $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 950M 402M 500M 45% / varrun 990M 64K 990M 1% /var/run varlock 990M 0 990M 0% /var/lock udev 990M 76K 989M 1% /dev devshm 990M 0 990M 0% /dev/shm /dev/md5 4.7G 668M 4.1G 15% /usr /dev/md6 4.7G 1.4G 3.4G 29% /var /dev/md7 221G 28M 221G 1% /home none 990M 4.0K 990M 1% /tmp My 'var' partition, which holds most of the interesting part, is only 4.7G big. The /home/ partition, on the other hand, is 221G, but it is mostly unused. I should have checked the disk layout before starting installing stuff. Ideally I would need /var/ and /home/ to be "switched" - /home/ should be the one with 4.7G, and /var/ the one with 221G. Is there a way to solve this without having to reinstall the whole thing?

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  • How have I locked me out from my Ubuntu VPS?

    - by Sanoj
    I have a Ubuntu Server as VPS (OpenVZ), and yesterday I installed php-fpm, but I guess something went wrong with the installation. Because since then I cannot log in to my server over SSH with PuTTY or using WinSCP. The message I get when connecting is Network error: Connection timed out. Immediately after the installation I was not able to use emacs either, I had to re-install it with apt-get install emacs. I have tried with clearing the firewall and rebooting the server from my web-based "control panel", but it doesn't help. The commands I used for installation of the PHP-fpm was from Installing PHP 5.3, Nginx And PHP-fpm On Ubuntu/Debian. And I guess it has something to do with these commands: cd /tmp wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/k/krb5/libkrb53_1.6.dfsg.4~beta1-5ubuntu2_i386.deb wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu38_3.8-6ubuntu0.2_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i *.deb sudo echo "deb http://php53.dotdeb.org stable all" >> /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install php5-cli php5-common php5-suhosin sudo apt-get install php5-fpm php5-cgi The web-sites that are hosted from my server works fine. Anyone that have the same experience or know how this could happen? I guess that I have to re-install Ubuntu Server from my "control panel" now, but I would like to avoid this situation in the future. Finally, I have backup on everything so nothing is lost if I have to re-install the machine.

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  • Ubuntu Server mdadm drbd ocfs2 kvm hangs under heavy file reading

    - by Stefano Annese
    I have deployed four ubuntu 10.04 server. They are coupled two by two in a cluster scenario. on both sides we have software raid1 disks, drbd8 and OCFS2 and on top of it some kvm machines run with qcow2 disks. I followed this: Link corosync is just used for DRBD and OCFS, the kvm machines are run "manually" When it works is fine: good performances, good I/O, but at a given time one of the two cluster started hanging. Then we tried with just one server turned on and it hangs the same. It seems to happen when an heavy READ in one of the virtual machines occurs, that is during rsyn backup. When the fact occurs the virtual machines are not reachable any more and the real server responds with good delay to the ping but no screen and no ssh is available. All we can do is force shutdown (hold the button) and restart and when it turns on again the raid on which relay drbd is resyncing. All the time it hangs we see such fact. After a couple of week of pain on one side this morning also the other cluster hung, but it has different moteherboard, ram, kvm instances. What is similar is reading for rsync scenario and Western Digital RAID Edistion disks on both side. Can anybody give me some input to solve such issue?

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  • Cyrus: In practical terms, how do end users administer their shared mailboxes?

    - by Nick
    Let's say we have four customer service reps: Billy, Bob, Joe, and Tom. Tom is the department manager. There's a shared Customer Service mailbox on the Cyrus server that they all have access to. Tom, as the manager also has administrative privileges for the shared mailbox. They decide they want to create sub-folders a certain way, and Tom creates them. They're all running Thunderbird, so Tom right-clicks the main folder and chooses "New Subfolder". Now Tom has the Subfolders he needs and the other sales reps have... nothing! Because Cyrus created the Subfolders giving Tom "Full Access" permissions, and everyone else gets no access. So how does Tom give the other reps in his department access to the new folders? As far as Cyrus is concerned, Tom has permission to grant others access to his new mailboxes- But as far as I can tell, there's no option in Thunderbird for granting mailbox permissions. An IT staff member should not have to receive a support request every time someone wants to add a Subfolder to a shared mailbox. That's why we make certain users into mailbox admins in the first place! But asking (non-technical) users to SSH into an IMAP server to run cyradm seems like a bad idea too. Certainly someone has found a solution for this dilemma. Perhaps a Thunderbird extension for setting Cyrus permissions? Or something like umask that forces subfolders to have identical permissions to their parents on creation? And related, what about Sieve configuration? Is there anyway that can be done from the client machine too? Thanks, Nick

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  • I am under DDoS. What can I do?

    - by Falcon Momot
    This is a Canonical Question about DoS and DDoS mitigation. I found a massive traffic spike on a website that I host today; I am getting thousands of connections a second and I see I'm using all 100Mbps of my available bandwidth. Nobody can access my site because all the requests time out, and I can't even log into the server because SSH times out too! This has happened a couple times before, and each time it's lasted a couple hours and gone away on its own. Occasionally, my website has another distinct but related problem: my server's load average (which is usually around .25) rockets up to 20 or more and nobody can access my site just the same as the other case. It also goes away after a few hours. Restarting my server doesn't help; what can I do to make my site accessible again, and what is happening? Relatedly, I found once that for a day or two, every time I started my service, it got a connection from a particular IP address and then crashed. As soon as I started it up again, this happened again and it crashed again. How is that similar, and what can I do about it?

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  • How seriously should I take ECC correctable error warnings?

    - by David Mackintosh
    I have a pile of Sun X2200-M2 servers. These servers have ECC memory. In some of these servers, I am getting warnings in the eLOM about "correctable ECC errors detected", eg: # ssh regress11 ipmitool sel elist 1 | 05/20/2010 | 14:20:27 | Memory CPU0 DIMM2 | Correctable ECC | Asserted 2 | 05/20/2010 | 14:33:47 | Memory CPU0 DIMM2 | Correctable ECC | Asserted ...some more frequently than others. The kernel on this particular system is throwing EDAC errors as well, although with far more frequency than the eLOM is recording ECC events: EDAC k8 MC0: general bus error: participating processor(local node response), time-out(no timeout) memory transaction type(generic read), mem or i/o(mem access), cache level(generic) MC0: CE page 0x42a194, offset 0x60, grain 8, syndrome 0xf654, row 4, channel 1, label "": k8_edac MC0: CE - no information available: k8_edac Error Overflow set EDAC k8 MC0: extended error code: ECC chipkill x4 error EDAC k8 MC0: general bus error: participating processor(local node response), time-out(no timeout) memory transaction type(generic read), mem or i/o(mem access), cache level(generic) MC0: CE page 0x48cb94, offset 0x10, grain 8, syndrome 0xf654, row 5, channel 1, label "": k8_edac MC0: CE - no information available: k8_edac Error Overflow set EDAC k8 MC0: extended error code: ECC chipkill x4 error Now if the server is detecting Uncorrectable ECC, the system resets, so clearly that's bad and removing/replacing the identified stick or pair corrects the issue. But I am thinking that if the error is Correctable, then there's no immediate issue -- I can treat this as a warning and be prepared to pull the stick/pair if an uncorrectable error starts occurring?

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  • Cause of slow download speed on a particular EC2 instance?

    - by James
    I have a networking issue I'm trying to solve. I have two EC2 instances, same zone, same type. On one of the two EC2 instances (the 'bad' instance), the download speed is really poor (200k/s), while on the other (the 'good' instance), the download speed is fine, comfortable at 30M/s +). To clarify, I'm talking about downloading files to the EC2 instance while ssh'd into the server, e.g running wget with a large file. I've tried different files, including S3 objects and a large linux ISO from elsewhere. Running ethtool eth0 only returns 'Link detected: yes' for both. When running ifconfig, both return the same for most part, aside from how the good instance shows no error packets yet the bad instance shows many: UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:168372370 errors:5075643 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:122116480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 Both servers are configured the same, at least were supposed to be. How can I go about diagnosing the cause for the slow download speed? Is there anything particular to EC2 instances that could cause this? Having trouble knowing where to start. Thanks for any help!

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  • Running multiple sites on a LAMP with secure isolation

    - by David C.
    Hi everybody, I have been administering a few LAMP servers with 2-5 sites on each of them. These are basically owned by the same user/client so there are no security issues except from attacks through vulnerable deamons or scripts. I am builing my own server and would like to start hosting multiple sites. My first concern is... ISOLATION. How can I avoid that a c99 script could deface all the virtual hosts? Also, should I prevent that c99 to be able to write/read the other sites' directories? (It is easy to "cat" a config.php from another site and then get into the mysql database) My server is a VPS with 512M burstable to 1G. Among the free hosting managers, is there any small one which works for my VPS? (which maybe is compatible with the security approach I would like to have) Currently I am not planning to host over 10 sites but I would not accept that a client/hacker could navigate into unwanted directories or, worse, run malicious scripts. FTP management would be fine. I don't want to complicate things with SSH isolation. What is the best practice in this case? Basically, what do hosting companies do to sleep well? :) Thanks very much! David

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  • Deciphering an IIS6 Httperr log file

    - by smackaysmith
    We have a Windows 2003 R2 SP2 server with iis6 that is creating a 1024kb httperr file every minute. I can't figure out what I'm looking at. Here's a snippet: 2010-03-24 13:15:05 10.53.2.35 1667 10.53.2.12 80 HTTP/1.1 PUT /hserver.dll?&V01|&IMAC=0080646077AB|CID=32|CN=LWT0080646077AB|ED=1|IP=10.53.2.35|SM=255.255.255.0|GW=10.53.2.1|SN=10.53.2.255|DM=logs.com|1D=10.53.2.12|2D=10.101.2.12|0D=1|AL=/usr/sbin/netxserv|AV=4.1.0.0|CP=VIAüEstherüprocessorüü800MHz|CPS=800|RM=190512|B1=1.18|PD2=1024x768x16ü@ü60Hz|IM=6.6.2-02|CI=3600|SN#=6KHDG301300|OS=23|VI=1|P1=24|TZO=-301|TZ=CDT|FS=128|MD=2003-04|CO=|LO=|AP0=BaseüSystem|NA|6.6.2-02|AP1=RapportüAgent|NA|4.1.0-3.26|AP2=TrueType|NA|6.8.0-3.4|AP3=WebFonts|NA|2.0.4-3.6|AP4=TrueTypeüFonts|NA|6.8.0-3.5|AP5=Network_login|NA|1.0.0-1.0.3|AP6=ScreenüSaver|NA|3.13|AP7=DMonitor|NA|1.0.0-0.4.0|AP8=MozillaüFirefox_15|NA|1.5.0.8-3.6|AP9=RemoteüShadow|NA|3.17|AP10=RemoteüDesktop|NA|1.6.0-1.0|AP11=SNMP|NA|5.1.3.1-3.13|AP12=LinuxüPrinting|NA|3.8.27-3.33|AP13=SSH|NA|3.8.1-3.25|AP14=ThinPrint|NA|6.2.87-0.2|AP15=XDMCP|NA|6.8.0-3.29|AP16=Ericom|NA|8.2.0-3.29|AP17=Daylightüsavingütimeüupdate|NA|1.1.0-1.0.0| 411 - LengthRequired - What on earth am I looking at? Nothing in the system or app logs. Finally, in iis manager, Default Web Site label has boxes instead of spaces. Very odd.

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  • virtualisation with kvm: export services from guest to the host

    - by ascobol
    Hello, I would like to export some services from the guest os to the host os, via kvm, and by the same way learn some things about networking. I have tried the following commands: In the host (kubuntu 10.4): $ sudo tunctl -u ascobol Set 'tap0' persistent and owned by uid 2401 $ sudo ifconfig tap0 192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 The ifconfig command returns: $ /sbin/ifconfig tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 3e:4e:e3:cc:bc:92 inet addr:192.168.2.1 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::3c4e:e3ff:fecc:bc92/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:17 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 Then I run the virtual machine (ubuntu server 10.4): $ sudo kvm -hda ubuntuserver104.qcow2 -net nic -net tap,name=tap0,script=no (I'm using sudo because without it fails with the following message:) warning: could not configure /dev/net/tun: no virtual network emulation With sudo the virtual machine boots, I just get this message: pci_add_option_rom: failed to find romfile "pxe-rtl8139.bin" In the virtual machine: $ ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 Now if I run: $ ssh 192.168.2.2 I just get a No route to host What is wrong with this setup ? Thanks !

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  • Problem with single quotes in man pages

    - by Peter
    When I ssh into my Debian Lenny server and open a man page, single quotes appear to be messed up. Example from the man page of apt-get: If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one of ´.´, ´?´ or ´*´ then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so ´lo.*´ matches ´how-lo´ and ´lowest´. If this is undesired, anchor the regular expression with a ´^´ or ´$´ character, or create a more specific regular expression. I'm on Mac OS X and using xterm. If I use Terminal, the problem doesn't happen. My locale is configured correctly as far as I can see: $ locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8" LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8" LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8" LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8" LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8" LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8" LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8" LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8" LC_ALL= I'm not sure what's wrong with my environment, and I have no idea what to check next. I'd appreciate help.

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  • Transparent proxying in MacOS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (and maybe FreeBSD)

    - by apenwarr
    I'm trying to create a transparent proxy on my MacOS machine in order to port the sshuttle ssh-based transproxy VPN from Linux. I think I almost have it working, but sadly, almost is not 100%. Short version is this. In one window, start something that listens on port 12300: $ while :; do nc -l 12300; done Now enable proxying: # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 # ipfw add 1000 fwd 127.0.0.1,12300 log tcp from any to any And now test it out: $ telnet localhost 9999 # any port number will do # this works; type stuff and you'll see it in the nc window $ telnet google.com 80 # any host/port will do # this *doesn't* work! After the latter experiment, I see lines like this in netstat: $ netstat -tn | grep ^tcp4 tcp4 0 0 66.249.91.104.80 192.168.1.130.61072 SYN_RCVD tcp4 0 0 192.168.1.130.61072 66.249.91.104.80 SYN_SENT The second socket belongs to my telnet program; the first is more suspicious. SYN_RCVD implies that my SYN packet was correctly captured by the firewall and taken in by the kernel, but apparently the SYNACK was never sent back to telnet, because it's still in SYN_SENT. On the other hand, if I kill the nc server, I get this: $ telnet google.com 80 Trying 66.249.81.104... telnet: connect to address 66.249.81.104: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host ...which is as expected: my proxy server isn't running, so ipfw redirects my connection to port 12300, which has nobody listening on it, ie. connection refused. My uname says this: $ uname -a Darwin mean.local 10.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.2.0: Tue Nov 3 10:37:10 PST 2009; root:xnu-1486.2.11~1/RELEASE_I386 i386 Does anybody see any different results? (I'm especially interested in Snow Leopard vs Leopard results, as there seem to be some internet rumours that transproxy is broken in Snow Leopard version) Any advice for how to fix?

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  • Git clone/push/pull - where's that username comes from?

    - by Kuroki Kaze
    I've set up gitosis and able to pull/push through ssh. Gitosis is installed on Debian Lenny server, I'm using git from windows machine (msysgit). The strange thing, if I enable loglevel = DEBUG in gitosis.conf, I see something like this when doing any actions with gitosis server: D:\Kaze\source\test-project>git pull origin master DEBUG:gitosis.serve.main:Got command "git-upload-pack 'test_project.git'" DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Access check for '[email protected]' as 'writable' on 'test_project.git'... DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Stripping .git suffix from 'test_project.git', new value 'test_project' DEBUG:gitosis.group.getMembership:found '[email protected]' in 'test' DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Access ok for '[email protected]' as 'writable' on 'test_project' DEBUG:gitosis.access.haveAccess:Using prefix 'repositories' for 'test_project' DEBUG:gitosis.serve.main:Serving git-upload-pack 'repositories/test_project.git' From 192.168.175.128:test_project * branch master -> FETCH_HEAD Already up-to-date. Question is: why am I *[email protected]? This email is in global user.email config variable, too. Yesterday, when the gitosis was installed, it seen me as kaze@KAZE, this is the name under which I was added to gitosis-admin group (and it worked). But today git (or gitosis) started to see me as [email protected]. This is true for all repositories I push or clone. I had to add this address to gitosis.conf directly on server to be able to edit configs again (it worked). There is 2 public keys in keydir: [email protected] and [email protected], their content is identical and they have kaze@KAZE at end. Origin URL looks like git@lennyserver:test_project. Now, the question is - why Git (or gitosis) suddenly decided to call me by email instead of name@machinename? I've changed a couple things trying to set up Gitosis (updated git on server to 1.6.0 for example), but maybe I broke something in my local git installation?

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  • AWS Linux EC2: yum won't run with plugins

    - by Patrick
    Short Version: yum commands on my Amazon Linux EC2 AMI only work with --noplugins. Long Version: A couple of days ago, I ran yum update at the behest of the SSH Login MoTD telling me I had updates to install. About midway through the update (specifically while updating the kernel), the update abruptly ended (79 of 138 items completed). The website I host on EC2 got weird for a few minutes, but eventually seemed to stabilize back out (maybe EC2 restarted itself?), and I didn't have further issues (other than MySQL started running out of memory, but I think that's probably unrelated to this). Today, I went to install gcc-c++ (with yum install gcc-c++). When I did, I got the following message: Loaded plugins: priorities, security, update-motd, upgrade-helper Config error: Command "updateinfo" already defined and I get that for any command I can think to run using yum. However, If I throw in the --noplugins flag, then magically it seems to work. To be clear, when I installed a different package a week ago, it worked totally correctly, so the yum update is the only thing I can think of that changed. I could find nothing on Google with regard to "updateinfo" already defined (with and without quotes). I tried running yum update --noplugins which spit out a message telling me that I should have run yum-complete-transaction instead, but proceeded to try to update something on its own. When that completed, I tried yum-complete-transaction but that gave me a message about the transactions not lining up correctly, so it removed the old transaction (Probably since I should have completed the first transaction before trying to update again, if I had known). Based on the SF question "Linux EC2 Broken Yum", I've also tried yum clean all --noplugins (fails the same with plugins) which just gives me Cleaning repos: amzn-main amzn-updates rpmforge Cleaning up everything I also tried package-cleanup --problems Loaded plugins: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper No Problems Found and package-cleanup --dupes Gives a lot of dupes, so I pasted them here: http://pastebin.com/VVFQEkTT instead of inline. At this point, I'm not sure what else there even is to check.

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  • linux Firewall question

    - by bcrawl
    I have few generic questions about firewalls and I thought the community up here could help me out. 1) So I recently installed Ubuntu server barebones. I checked for open ports, none were open which was great. Is that because there was a firewall installed or was it because there were no applications installed? 2) I installed some applications, (Apache, postgres,ssh, Java app and some few). Between these, I ended up opening a few ports (~10). Now I have a list of all the ports I would need open. So, how do I go about protecting them? [Is this the right question to ask? does the process go like this, Install Firewall - Allow Said needed ports - deny rest using IPtables rules] This is going to be open to the internet. Hosting low traffic ecommerce sites. 3) What do you think is the easiest way for me to quasi-secure the server, [low maintenance overhead/simplicity. Any open source "software" which can make my life easier?] 4) Finally, of the said open ports [2], I have 2 ports I need to close because they are telnet ports. Can I close these ports without installing a "firewall" Thanks all for the help and Merry Christmas!!!!!!!

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  • Iptables Forwarding problem

    - by ankit
    Hi all, I had initally asked question about sertting up my linux box for natting for my home network and was given suggestions in the thread here. Did not want to clutter the old question so starting a new one here. based on the earlier suggestions, i have come up with the following rules ... :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:48] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:860] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:228] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [3:228] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT DROP [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT If you notice, i do have the proper MASQURADING rule and the proper FORWARD filter rule as well. However i am facing 2 problems On the linux box itself DNS resolving is not working the lan clients connected to the linux box, are still not able to get to internet. when i ping something from them, i see the DROP count in iptables INPUT rule increasing. now my question is, when i am pinging something from the lan client, how come it is being matched by the input chain ?! should it be in the forward chain ? Chain INPUT (policy DROP 20 packets, 2314 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 99 9891 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 122 9092 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh Thanks ankit

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  • Shared firewall or multiple client specific firewalls?

    - by Tauren
    I'm trying to determine if I can use a single firewall for my entire network, including customer servers, or if each customer should have their own firewall. I've found that many hosting companies require each client with a cluster of servers to have their own firewall. If you need a web node and a database node, you also have to get a firewall, and pay another monthly fee for it. I have colo space with several KVM virtualization servers hosting VPS services to many different customers. Each KVM host is running a software iptables firewall that only allows specific ports to be accessed on each VPS. I can control which ports any given VPS has open, allowing a web VPS to be accessed from anywhere on ports 80 and 443, but blocking a database VPS completely to the outside and only allowing a certain other VPS to access it. The configuration works well for my current needs. Note that there is not a hardware firewall protecting the virtualization hosts in place at this time. However, the KVM hosts only have port 22 open, are running nothing except KVM and SSH, and even port 22 cannot be accessed except for inside the netblock. I'm looking at possibly rethinking my network now that I have a client who needs to transition from a single VPS onto two dedicated servers (one web and one DB). A different customer already has a single dedicated server that is not behind any firewall except iptables running on the system. Should I require that each dedicated server customer have their own dedicated firewall? Or can I utilize a single network-wide firewall for multiple customer clusters? I'm familiar with iptables, and am currently thinking I'll use it for any firewalls/routers that I need. But I don't necessarily want to use up 1U of space in my rack for each firewall, nor the power consumption each firewall server will take. So I'm considering a hardware firewall. Any suggestions on what is a good approach?

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  • IPTables configuration for Localhost

    - by Gabe Mc
    I have a problem in connecting a JIRA instance running on a cloud server to an instance of MySQL running on the same box. I have configured it previously using quite a few iptables rules, but it seems overly broad/terribly inprecise. I want access to several of localhosts ports from the local machine, but deny it from all other accounts. Currently, my /etc/iptables.rules file looks like: *filter :INPUT DROP [223:17779] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [10161:1120819] # SSH Access -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Apache2 Access for connecting to Tomcat on port 8080 -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # MySQL -I INPUT -i lo -p tcp -m tcp --dport mysql -j ACCEPT COMMIT However, this doesn't allow me to log in when I try logging in; it just hangs on: #> mysql -u root -p -h 127.0.0.1 The Tomcat servlet container starts throwing all kinds of exceptions, as well. This is a more general problem, as I need to enable things like accessing the shutdown port for the Tomcat container, but I need to at least get the MySQL part ironed out first, without the ugliness I was originally trying. Thanks.

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  • Unix Permissions: Enable access to files no matter the user?

    - by TK Kocheran
    I've been using Linux for a long time and I still am completely in the dark about how file permissions really work. With that in mind, does anyone have any books or thorough guides I could read to really understand things completely? I've done my fair share of sysadminning, so I know the easy stuff like making directories readable and writable, making files executable, and changing the owner of a file, but on sharing files across users, I'm lost. Here's my main problem. I have a number of machines across which I intend to synchronize my music library. I've been using Unison for a while now and it's a great choice as I can easily run it over SSH on my local network which I just set up. Win-win. Up until this point, I've been synchronizing computers using a 2TB external hard drive. (computer 1 unisons to HD, computer 2 unisons to HD, etc.) This is tedious at best, especially since I encrypted the drive, making it a huge hassle to hook it up to all of my machines and sync it. Anyway, the drive is running ext4 (in TrueCrypt), so it maintains all Unix filesystem info like owners and groups. I just set up a new machine and just Unison'd it to get the music on it, and I realized that now, all of my permissions are fubar. I had to run Unison as root since that was the only way I could get the files to come off of the external drive. Apparently, since I'm using a different user name on this machine than my usual "rfkrocktk" across all machines, this essentially throws a huge wrench in the gears. Here's my use case. This laptop has two effective users, "leandra" and "rfkrocktk". I want to share music between these two users, so I symlinked /home/rfkrocktk/Music to point to /home/leandra/Music. How do I (a) allow both users access to read/write/delete files in this folder, and (b) keep everything nicely in sync without messing up file ownership?

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  • Balancing internal services using a Cisco CSS 11501

    - by Ladadadada
    First, the background to the problem: I have a Cisco CSS11501 that I am using to load balance a few web servers. These web servers have two network interfaces, one internal and one external and we are sending the requests to the internal interface. We have the CSS configured to do NAT because our webservers need to see the client's IP address. Because the TCP packets hit the webservers with a source address on the Internet, the webserver tries to send the packet back to the client over the external interface and not through the load balancer. In order to stop these requests being sent back out to the Internet via the external interface, we added a routing rule on these boxes so that all traffic with a source address on the internet will use the load balancer as the gateway. This part works fine. What I would also like to to is use the CSS as a load balancer for internal services such as our MySQL slaves. When I do this, I run into a similar problem; the TCP connection goes from the web server to the load balancer and then from the load balancer to the MySQL slave but the CSS spoofs a source address of the original webserver. The MySQL slave then tries to send the response directly to the webserver via the internal network and not via the load balancer. The ideal solution would be to tell the CSS not to do source address spoofing on the internal network and only do it for requests originating on the Internet. Is this possible ? Failing that, is there a way of directing the load balanced traffic back through the load balancer while keeping the other traffic (say SSH) purely on the internal network ? Is there another way of using the CSS11501 to load balance internal services ?

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