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• What language and tools can I use to create a simple game with child-lock (capture all key press) for Windows? [closed]

  - by scw

  I'm writing an open source program that changes colors & plays sounds when keys are pressed. I want it to run in full screen mode and have a child-lock so kids can't exit accidentally. I want it to capture all keys including ctrl alt delete. (So it's partially a game, but partially windows utility.) My target OS is Windows 7 (32 & 64 bit), keeping Windows 8 in mind. My options: Visual Studio using .net C# Windows Forms - the devil I know. But not a "game" platform, which is why I'm asking this question. Visual Studio & XNA - have never used XNA, not sure of capabilities or support future Python - What flavor, what modules, what IDE? I've never done anything with Python but I found a couple of similar open source projects in python. Something else that I don't know about? Any input is appreciated.

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• What is the best way to remove accents in a python unicode string?

  - by MiniQuark

  I have a unicode string in python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics). I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java: convert the unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics) remove all the characters whose unicode type is "diacritic". Do I need to install a library such as pyICU or is this possible with just the python standard library? And what about in python 3.0? Important note: I would like to avoid code with an explicit mapping from accented characters to their non-accented counterpart. Thanks for your help.

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• How to connect to local MQseries queue using Python?

  - by Michal Niklas

  I am new to mqseries and I started with IBM WebSphere MQ curses. There are examples with MQ_APPLE and MQ_ORANGE queue managers. I have no problem with sending messages to local or remote queue with MQ Explorer, but I wanted to send such message from code: Python or Java. I tried Python pymqi library with code like this: import pymqi qmgr = pymqi.QueueManager(None) qmgr.connect('QM_APPLE') putq = pymqi.Queue(qmgr, 'Q1') putq.put('Hello from Python!') but I receive error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "mq_put.py", line 4, in <module> qmgr.connect('QM_APPLE') File "c:\Python26\lib\site-packages\pymqi.py", line 758, in connect raise MQMIError(rv[1], rv[2]) pymqi.MQMIError: MQI Error. Comp: 2, Reason 2540: FAILED: MQRC_UNKNOWN_CHANNEL_NAME There is QM_APPLE queue manager with Q1 local queue. What is wrong with my code?

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• Python: Which encoding is used for processing sys.argv?

  - by EOL

  What encoding are the elements of sys.argv in, in Python? are they encoded with the sys.getdefaultencoding() encoding? sys.getdefaultencoding(): Return the name of the current default string encoding used by the Unicode implementation. PS: As pointed out in some of the answers, sys.stdin.encoding would indeed be a better guess. I would love to see a definitive answer to this question, though, with pointers to solid sources! PPS: As Wim pointed out, Python 3 solves this issue by putting str objects in sys.argv (if I understand correctly). The question remains open for Python 2.x, though. Under Unix, the LC_CTYPE environment variable seems to be the correct thing to check, no? What should be done with Windows (so that sys.argv elements are correctly interpreted whatever the console)?

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• Python equivalent of mysql_real_escape_string, for getting strings safely into MySQL?

  - by AP257

  Hi all Is there a Python equivalent of PHP's mysql_real_escape_string? I'm trying to insert some strings into a MySQL db direct from Python, and keep getting tripped up by quotes in the strings. mysql_string = "INSERT INTO candidate (name, address) VALUES " for k, v in v_dict.iteritems(): mysql_string += " ('" + v_dict['name'] + "', '" + v_dict['address'] + "'), " mysql_string += ";" cursor.execute(mysql_string) I've tried re.escape() but that escapes every non-alphanumeric character in the strings, which isn't what I need - I just need to escape single quotes in this instance (plus more generally anything else that might trip up MySQL). Could do this manually I guess, but is there a smarter way to do it in Python?

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• Embed a Python persistance layer into a C++ application - good idea?

  - by Rickard

  say I'm about to write an application with a thin GUI layer, a really fat calculation layer (doing computationally heavy calibrations and other long-running stuff) and fairly simple persistance layer. I'm looking at building the GUI + calculation layer in C++ (using Qt for the gui parts). Now - would it be a crazy idea to build the persistance layer in Python, using sqlalchemy, and embed it into the C++ application, letting the layers interface with eachother through lightweigth data transfer objects (written in C++ but accessible from python)? (the other alternative I'm leaning towards would probably be to write the app in Python from the start, using the PyQt wrapper, and then calling into C++ for the computational tasks) Thanks, Rickard

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• why the hell does x,y = zip(*zip(a,b)) work in Python?

  - by Mike Dewar

  OK I love Python's zip() function. Use it all the time, it's brilliant. Every now and again I want to do the opposite of zip(), think "I used to know how to do that", then google python unzip, then remember that one uses this magical * to unzip a zipped list of tuples. Like this: x = [1,2,3] y = [4,5,6] zipped = zip(x,y) unzipped_x, unzipped_y = zip(*zipped) unzipped_x Out[30]: (1, 2, 3) unzipped_y Out[31]: (4, 5, 6) What on earth is going on? What is that magical asterisk doing? Where else can it be applied and what other amazing awesome things in Python are so mysterious and hard to google?

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• side effect gotchas in python/numpy? horror stories and narrow escapes wanted

  - by shabbychef

  I am considering moving from Matlab to Python/numpy for data analysis and numerical simulations. I have used Matlab (and SML-NJ) for years, and am very comfortable in the functional environment without side effects (barring I/O), but am a little reluctant about the side effects in Python. Can people share their favorite gotchas regarding side effects, and if possible, how they got around them? As an example, I was a bit surprised when I tried the following code in Python: lofls = [[]] * 4 #an accident waiting to happen! lofls[0].append(7) #not what I was expecting... print lofls #gives [[7], [7], [7], [7]] #instead, I should have done this (I think) lofls = [[] for x in range(4)] lofls[0].append(7) #only appends to the first list print lofls #gives [[7], [], [], []] thanks in advance

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• python os.execvp() trying to display mysql tables gives 1049 error - Unknown database error.

  - by Hemanth Murthy

  I have a question related to mysql and python. This command works on the shell, but not when I use os.execvp() $./mysql -D test -e "show tables" +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | sample | +----------------+ The corresponding piece of code in python would be def execute(): args = [] args.extend(sys.argv[1:]) args.extend([MYSQL, '-D test -e "show tables"']) print args os.execvp(args[0], args) child_pid = os.fork() if child_pid == 0: os.execvp(args[0], args) else: os.wait() The output of this is: [./mysql', '-D test -e "show tables"'] ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database ' test -e "show tables"' I am not sure if this is a problem with the python syntax or not. Also, the same command works with os.system() call. os.system(MYSQL + ' -D test -e "show tables"') Please let me know how to get this working. Thanks, Hemanth

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• Is it possible to temporarily disable Python's string interpolation?

  - by dangerouslyfacetious

  I have a python logger set up, using python's logging module. I want to store the string I'm using with the logging Formatter object in a configuration file using the ConfigParser module. The format string is stored in a dictionary of settings in a separate file that handles the reading and writing of the config file. The problem I have is that python still tries to format the file and falls over when it reads all the logging-module-specific formatting flags. { "log_level":logging.debug, "log_name":"C:\\Temp\\logfile.log", "format_string": "%(asctime)s %(levelname)s: %(module)s, line %(lineno)d - %(message)s" } My question is simple: how can I disable the formatting functionality here while keeping it elsewhere. My initial reaction was copious use of the backslash to escape the various percent symbols, but that of course permanently breaks the formatting such that it wont work even when I need it to. Also, general pointers on good settings-file practices would be nice. This is the first time I've done anything significant with ConfigParser (or logging for that matter). Thanks in advance, Dominic

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• How to change the value of None in Python?

  - by michael

  I'm currently reading chapter 5.8 of Dive Into Python and Mark Pilgrim says: There are no constants in Python. Everything can be changed if you try hard enough. This fits with one of the core principles of Python: bad behavior should be discouraged but not banned. If you really want to change the value of None, you can do it, but don't come running to me when your code is impossible to debug. I tried this in the interpreter None = "bad" I get a SyntaxError: assignment to None Just out of curiosity how do you change None?

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• Best library to parse HTML with Python 3 and example?

  - by TMC

  I'm new to Python completely and am using Python 3.1 on Windows (pywin). I need to parse some HTML, to essentially extra values between specific HTML tags and am confused at my array of options, and everything I find is suited for Python 2.x. I've read raves about Beautiful Soup, HTML5Lib and lxml, but I cannot figure out how to install any of these on Windows. Questions: What HTML parser do you recommend? How do I install it? Do you have a simple example on how to use the recommended library to snag HTML from a specific URL and return the value out of say something like this: fooLink (say we want to return "/blahblah")

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• How can I make the Python logging output to be colored?

  - by airmind

  Some time ago I saw a Mono application with colored output, probably because of it's log system, because all the messages were standardized. Now, Python has the logging module, and it let you specify a lot of options or customize it entirely, so I'm imagining that something like that would be possible too with Python, however I could not find it anywhere. Is there any way to make the Python logging module to output in color? What I want is for error messages to appear in red, for instance. Debug messages in blue or yellow, and so on. Of course this would probably only work on Linux, with compatible terminals (most modern terminals are), but I could fallback to the original logging output if color is not supported. Any ideas?

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• Is Python appropriate for algorithms focused on scientific computing?

  - by gmatt

  My interests in programming lie mainly in algorithms, and lately I have seen many reputable researchers write a lot of their code in python. How easy and convenient is python for scientific computing? Does it have a library of algorithms that compares to matlab's? Is Python a scripting language or does it compile? Is it a great language for prototyping an algorithm? How long would it take me to learn enough of it to be productive provided I know C well and OO programming somewhat? Is it OO based? Sorry for the condensed format of questions, but I'm very curious and was hoping a more experienced programmer could help me out.

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• Can I turn off implicit Python unicode conversions to find my mixed-strings bugs?

  - by Tal Weiss

  When profiling our code I was surprised to find millions of calls to C:\Python26\lib\encodings\utf_8.py:15(decode) I started debugging and found that across our code base there are many small bugs, usually comparing a string to a unicode or adding a sting and a unicode. Python graciously decodes the strings and performs the following operations in unicode. How kind. But expensive! I am fluent in unicode, having read Joel Spolsky and Dive Into Python... I try to keep our code internals in unicode only. My question - can I turn off this pythonic nice-guy behavior? At least until I find all these bugs and fix them (usually by adding a u'u')? Some of them are extremely hard to find (a variable that is sometimes a string...). Python 2.6.5 (and I can't switch to 3.x).

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• How do you make Python wait so that you can read the output?

  - by anonnoir

  I've always been a heavy user of Notepad2, as it is fast, feature-rich, and supports syntax highlighting. Recently I've been using it for Python. My problem: when I finish editing a certain Python source code, and try to launch it, the screen disappears before I can see the output pop up. Is there any way for me to make the results wait so that I can read it, short of using an input() or time-delay function? Otherwise I'd have to use IDLE, because of the output that stops for you to read. (My apologies if this question is a silly one, but I'm very new at Python and programming in general.)

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• Running Python code from Java program, shoudl i be doing this?

  - by Space Rocker

  i have a scenario where i draw a network and set all it's paraments on swing based gui, after that i have to translate this network into a python based script which another framework reads and realize this network in the form of virtual machines. As an example have look here: from mininet.topo import Topo, Node class MyTopo( Topo ): def *__init__*( self, enable_all = True ): super( MyTopo, self ).__init__() Host = 1 Switch = 2 self.add_node( Switch, Node( is_switch=True ) ) self.add_node( Host, Node( is_switch=False ) ) self.add_edge( Host, Switch ) self.enable_all() topos = { 'mytopo': ( lambda: MyTopo() ) } It simply connects a host to a switch and realize this topology on mininet framework. Now for now in order to realize the drawn network on java GUI here is what i am doing: I simply take the information from GUI and creates a new python file like the one above using java code and then run this file in mininet, which works fine somehow. I want to know, is this the correct and robust way how i am doing this or should i be looking further into java-python bridge like scenarios to be more effective or so as to say more professional.

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• Is there an easy way in Python to wait until certain condition is true?

  - by Checkers

  I need to wait in a script until a certain number of conditions become true? I know I can roll my own eventing using condition variables and friends, but I don't want to go through all the trouble of implementing it, since some object property changes come from external thread in a wrapped C++ library (Boost.Python), so I can't just hijack __setattr__ in a class and put a condition variable there, which leaves me with either trying to create and signal a Python condition variable from C++, or wrap a native one and wait on it in Python, both of which sound fiddly, needlessly complicated and boring. Is there an easier way to do it, barring continuous polling of the condition? Ideally it would be along the lines of res = wait_until(lambda: some_predicate, timeout) if (not res): print 'timed out'

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• How can I consume a WSDL (SOAP) web service in Python?

  - by DavidM

  I want to use a WSDL SOAP based web service in Python. I have looked at the Dive Into Python code but the SOAPpy module does not work under Python 2.5. I have tried using suds which works partly, but breaks with certain types (suds.TypeNotFound: Type not found: 'item'). I have also looked at Client but this does not appear to support WSDL. And I have looked at ZSI but it looks very complex. Does anyone have any sample code for it? The WSDL is https://ws.pingdom.com/soap/PingdomAPI.wsdl and works fine with the PHP 5 SOAP client.

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• Implementation of a C pre-processor in Python or JavaScript?

  - by grrussel

  Is there a known implementation of the C pre-processor tool implemented either in Python or JavaScript? I am looking for a way to robustly pre-process C (and C like) source code and want to be able to process, for example, conditional compilation and macros without invoking an external CPP tool or native code library. Another potential use case is pre-processing within a web application, within the web browser. So far, I have found implementations in Java, Perl, and of course, C and C again. It may be plausible to use one of the C to JavaScript compilers now becoming available. The PLY (Python Lex and Yacc) tools include a cpp implemented in Python.

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• Is there a way to convert code to a string and vice versa in Python?

  - by Dragos Toader

  The original question was: Is there a way to declare macros in Python as they are declared in C: #define OBJWITHSIZE(_x) (sizeof _x)/(sizeof _x[0]) Here's what I'm trying to find out: Is there a way to avoid code duplication in Python? In one part of a program I'm writing, I have a function: def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) In another part, I've got this code embedded in a string that will later be output to a python file that will itself be run: """ def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) """ How can I build a "macro" that will avoid this duplication?

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• How do I write raw binary data in Python?

  - by Chris B.

  I've got a Python program that stores and writes data to a file. The data is raw binary data, stored internally as str. I'm writing it out through a utf-8 codec. However, I get UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x8d in position 25: character maps to <undefined> in the cp1252.py file. This looks to me like Python is trying to interpret the data using the default code page. But it doesn't have a default code page. That's why I'm using str, not unicode. I guess my questions are: How do I represent raw binary data in memory, in Python? When I'm writing raw binary data out through a codec, how do I encode/unencode it?

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• Can you make a python script behave differently when imported than when run directly?

  - by futuraprime

  I often have to write data parsing scripts, and I'd like to be able to run them in two different ways: as a module and as a standalone script. So, for example: def parseData(filename): # data parsing code here return data def HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction(): print json.dumps(parseData(sys.argv[1]), indent=4) the idea here being that in another python script I can call import dataparser and have access to dataParser.parseData in my script, or on the command line I can just run python dataparser.py and it would run my HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction and shunt the data as json to stdout. Is there a way to do this in python?

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• Is it faster to loop through a Python set of number or a set of letters?

  - by Scott Bartell

  Is it faster to loop through a Python set of numbers or a Python set of letters given that each set is the exact same length and each item within each set is the same length? Why? I would think that there would be a difference because letters have more possible characters [a-zA-Z] than numbers [0-9] and therefor would be more 'random' and likely affect the hashing to some extent. numbers = set([00000,00001,00002,00003,00004,00005, ... 99999]) letters = set(['aaaaa','aaaab','aaaac','aaaad', ... 'aaabZZ']) # this is just an example, it does not actually end here for item in numbers: do_something() for item in letters: do_something() where len(numbers) == len(letters) Update: I am interested in Python's specific hashing algorithm and what happens behind the scenes with this implementation.

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• Python HTTPSConnection.close() does not appear to close the connection?

  - by Dave

  I'm not sure if this is a bug or if I'm just doing something wrong. If I were to do an HTTP connection like this: import httplib http_connection = httplib.HTTPConnection("192.168.192.196") http_connection.request("GET", "/") http_connection.sock.settimeout(20) response = http_connection.getresponse() data = response.read() http_connection.close() Then at a DOS prompt, I do this: netstat -ano | find /i "192.168.192.196:80" | find /i "ESTABLISHED" I get nothing. However, if I do the same thing, but change it to an HTTPSConnection: import httplib http_connection = httplib.HTTPSConnection("192.168.192.196") http_connection.request("GET", "/") http_connection.sock.settimeout(20) response = http_connection.getresponse() data = response.read() http_connection.close() Then do this: netstat -ano | find /i "192.168.192.196:443" | find /i "ESTABLISHED" I will actually see that the connection remains established until I actually ^Z out of the Python shell. This is happening in one of the applications I'm responsible for. Python isn't actually hanging there - it's simply leaving the connection open. Am I doing something wrong here? Do I need extra code to close the HTTPS connection? This is Python 2.6.4, btw.

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